Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
  • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
  • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
  • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
  • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
  • F16H57/0413—Controlled cooling or heating of lubricant; Temperature control therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
  • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
  • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
  • F16H57/0436—Pumps

Definitions

• the present invention concerns an arrangement according to the preamble to claim 1 for cooling transmission fluid in a transmission that is arranged so as to transfer torque from a drive engine and a drive shaft, a motor vehicle comprising such an arrangement and a method for controlling such an arrangement.
• the invention also concerns a computer program and a computer program product containing computer program code for implementing a method according to the invention, and an electronic control unit.
• the fluid system in a transmission in a motor vehicle commonly comprises a fluid pump in the form of a displacement pump of the rotor type that is connected to a rotating shaft in the transmission in order to be driven thereby, whereupon the pump rotor of the fluid pump is driven so as to rotate at the same rpm as the driving shaft.
• Transmission fluid is drawn up from a fluid sump in the bottom of the transmission by the fluid pump to be fed via fluid ducts into the transmission, after which the transmission fluid runs back down into the fluid sump. Friction heat is generated in bearings and other transmission components, such as gearwheels, when one or more shafts in the transmission rotate, and these components need to be cooled in order to reduce wear and thereby extend their service lives.
• the necessary cooling of various components in the transmission occurs by means of the circulating transmission fluid.
• the transmission fluid can be cooled in a fluid radiator by means of heat exchange with a cooling medium flowing through the fluid radiator in order to improve the cooling capacity of the transmission fluid.
• the temperature of the transmission fluid must be kept within a suitable temperature range, so that the transmission fluid can provide the desired cooling effect in the transmission while at the same time exhibiting a viscosity that is suitable in view of the lubricating properties of the fluid.
• the viscosity of the transmission fluid is temperature-dependent, and decreases with increasing temperature. If the transmission fluid temperature becomes unsuitably high, the transmission may become overheated even as the fluid viscosity can fall so low that fluid flows far too easily and no longer provides a satisfactory lubricating effect, which entails a risk of mechanical accidents and reduced service life of various components in the transmission.
• a high fluid temperature also entails more rapid degrading of the transmission fluid.
• the fluid radiator can be supplied with a cooling medium in the form of cooling fluid in a cooling loop connected to the drive engine or the ambient air. In the case of ambient air, an airflow is generated through the fluid radiator by the headwind and/or by means of a fan.
• the object of the present invention is to achieve a new and advantageous means of controlling the cooling of transmission fluid in a transmission that is arranged so as to transfer torque from a drive engine to a drive shaft.
• the arrangement according to the invention comprises:
• a cooling device for cooling the transmission fluid by means of heat exchange with a cooling medium flowing through the cooling device
• a fluid line that is connected to a fluid sump arranged in the bottom of the transmission and to the cooling device in order to enable transmission fluid to be fed from the fluid sump via the fluid line and through the cooling device so as to then flow back to the fluid sump, - a fluid pump for generating a flow of transmission fluid through the fluid line, and
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control, in dependence upon the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid, the fluid pump according to any of a plurality of different selectable control states, wherein said control states comprise at least:
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to cause the fluid pump to be run at a pump power output that corresponds to a variable setpoint value, wherein the electronic control device is arranged so as to set this variable setpoint value in dependence upon the values of the prevailing flow and the prevailing temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device and the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid, and
• a third control state in which the electronic control device is arranged so as to cause the fluid pump to be operated at a high pump power output that produces a fluid flow for maximum cooling of the transmission fluid in the cooling device.
• the pump power output of the fluid pump and, in turn, the fluid flow through the cooling device are regulated in dependence upon the prevailing fluid temperature, the prevailing flow and the prevailing temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device. It thus becomes possible to adapt the cooling of the transmission fluid in an energy-efficient way in dependence upon the prevailing cooling demand and the cooling output that is being provided at the time by the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device.
• the cooling medium can consist of a fluid, such as a cooling fluid in a cooling loop connected to a drive engine, or a gas, such as air.
• the arrangement comprises an electric motor for driving the fluid pump, wherein the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the pump power output of the fluid pump by controlling the rpm of the electric motor.
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the fluid pump according to said first control state when the electronic control device receives information indicating that the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid is lower than a lower limit value
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the fluid pump according to said third control state when the electronic control device receives information indicating that the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid is higher than an upper limit value.
• Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that: - the electronic control device is also arranged so as to take, in addition to the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid, the sign of the drive engine torque into account in selecting a control state, and
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the fluid pump according to said third control state when the electronic control device receives information indicating that the drive engine torque is negative at the same time as the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid is between said lower and upper limit values.
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the fluid pump according to said second control state when the electronic control device receives information indicating that the drive engine torque is positive at the same time as the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid is lower than said upper limit value and higher than an intermediate limit value that lies between said lower limit value and said upper limit value. Incorporating an additional limit value in this way enables more refined control of the fluid pump, and thus a further reduction in the energy expenditure to drive the fluid pump.
• the invention also concerns a motor vehicle exhibiting the features defined in claim 8, wherein said motor vehicle comprises an arrangement of the type according to the invention for cooling transmission fluid.
• the electronic control device is arranged so as to control the fluid pump in accordance with said third control state when the electronic control device receives information indicating that the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid is higher than an upper limit value
• said upper limit value is variable, whereupon the electronic control device is arranged so as to determine the upper limit value in dependence upon information concerning the prevailing operating conditions for the motor vehicle and/or information concerning estimated future operating conditions for the motor vehicle.
• the transmission fluid can be allowed to be at a somewhat higher temperature level without the risk of overheating the transmission as compared to a situation in which the cooling demand for the transmission is or soon will be relatively high.
• the energy expenditure for running the fluid pump can be reduced by temporarily increasing said upper limit value in a situation in which the current cooling demand for the transmission and the cooling demand for the transmission in the immediate future are considered to be relatively low.
• the invention also concerns a method exhibiting the features defined in claim 11 for controlling an arrangement for cooling transmission fluid in a transmission that is arranged so as to transfer torque from a drive engine to a drive shaft.
• the invention also concerns a computer program exhibiting the features defined in claim 12, a computer program product exhibiting the features defined in claim 13 and an electronic control unit exhibiting the features defined in claim 14.
• Fig. 1 a block diagram of an arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention
• Fig.2 a block diagram of an arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention
• Fig.3 a block diagram of an arrangement according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• Fig.4 a block diagram of an arrangement according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• Fig.5 a block diagram of an arrangement according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• Fig.6 a block diagram of an electronic control unit for implementing a method according to the invention
• Fig.7 a flow diagram illustrating a method according to one embodiment of the invention
• Fig.8 a flow diagram illustrating a method according to an alternative embodiment of the invention
• Fig.9 a flow diagram illustrating a method according to another alternative embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 1 illustrates, in highly schematic fashion, a motor vehicle 1 with a set of drive wheels 2, a set of non-drive wheels 3, a transmission 4, a drive shaft for transferring torque between the transmission 4 and the drive wheels 2, and a drive engine 6 for driving the drive wheels.
• the drive engine 6 can consist, for example, of a combustion engine or an electric motor. Torque is transferable in a conventional manner from the drive engine 6 to the drive wheels 2 via the transmission 4 and the drive shaft 5 to propel the motor vehicle 1.
• An output shaft 8 of the drive engine 6 can be brought into power-transferring connection with and disengagement from an input shaft 9 of the transmission 4 by means of a clutch device 7.
• the transmission 4 is equipped with various components, such as bearings and gearwheels, which need to be lubricated and cooled during operation when one or more shafts in the transmission are rotating.
• a fluid sump 11 for receiving transmission fluid is arranged in the bottom of the transmission 4.
• the fluid sump 11 is connected via a fluid line 12 to fluid channels 13 in the transmission to enable transmission fluid to be fed from the fluid sump 11 to said fluid channels 13 for lubricating and cooling said components 10 in the transmission 4. After its passage through the fluid channels 13, the transmission fluid runs back down into the fluid sump 11.
• the drive engine 6 is controlled with the help of an electronic engine control unit 14, which is arranged so as to regulate the rpm of the drive engine, among other tasks.
• the illustrated motor vehicle 1 further comprises a cooling system 20 with a cooling loop 21 for cooling the drive engine 6 by means of cooling fluid flowing in the cooling loop, preferably in the form of water with optional anti-freeze additives such as glycol.
• a cooling fluid pump 22 in the form of a displacement pump of the rotor type is coupled into the cooling loop 21 to circulate the cooling fluid in the cooling loop.
• a radiator 23 in the form of, e.g. a conventional cooling fluid radiator is coupled into the cooling loop 21 to cool said cooling fluid.
• Said radiator 23 comprises a cooling fluid inlet 24a that is connected to a cooling fluid outlet 25b of the drive engine 6 via a first line 26 of the cooling loop and a cooling fluid outlet 24b that is connected to a cooling fluid inlet 25a of the drive engine 6 via a second line 27 of the cooling loop.
• the cooling fluid pump 22 is arranged in the second line 27.
• the first line 26 is connected to the second line 27 via a third line 28 of the cooling loop.
• Said third line 28 is arranged so as to allow cooling fluid to be returned from the drive engine cooling fluid outlet 25b to the drive engine cooling fluid inlet 25a without the cooling fluid passing through said radiator 23.
• the cooling fluid is circulated between the cooling fluid inlet 25a and the cooling fluid outlet 25b via cooling fluid channels (not shown) inside the drive engine while absorbing heat from the drive engine.
• a thermostat 29 is arranged in the connection point between the first line 26 and the third line 28. The thermostat guides, in dependence upon the temperature of the cooling fluid, the cooling fluid flowing out from the drive engine 6 to the radiator 23 to be cooled therein before the cooling fluid is returned to the drive engine 6, or directly back to the drive engine 6 via the third line 28 without passing through the radiator 23.
• An accumulator tank 30 is connected to the cooling loop 21 in a conventional manner to accommodate temperature-dependent volume changes of the cooling fluid.
• the cooling fluid that flows through the radiator 23 is cooled by means of air blown by the headwind against the radiator when the motor vehicle 1 is in motion.
• the illustrated cooling system 20 also comprises a fan 31 that is arranged so as to generate, as needed, a supplemental airflow through the radiator 23.
• Said fan 31 can be connected to the combustion engine 6 so as to be run thereby as needed when the headwind is too low to achieve an airflow through the radiator 23 that is sufficient in relation to the required cooling of the cooling fluid.
• the airflow through the radiator 23 is thus dependent upon both the headwind and the rpm of the fan 31.
• the motor vehicle 1 comprises an arrangement 40 for cooling the transmission fluid in the transmission 4.
• Said arrangement 40 comprise a cooling device 41 for cooling the transmission fluid via heat exchange with a cooling medium flowing through the cooling device 41.
• the cooling device 41 is coupled into the cooling loop 21 and arranged so that the cooling fluid circulating in the cooling loop flows through the cooling device, wherein the cooling device 41 is designed as a heat exchanger that is supplied on its primary side with the transmission fluid that is to be cooled, and which is supplied on its secondary side with said cooling fluid.
• said cooling medium thus consists of cooling fluid.
• a fluid line 42 is connected to the fluid sump 11 in the transmission 4 and to the cooling device 41 to permit transmission fluid to be supplied from the fluid pump 11 via the fluid line 42, through the cooling device 41 to be cooled therein, and then back to the transmission 4, where the transmission fluid is allowed to flow back down into the fluid sump 11.
• a fluid pump 43 in the form of a displacement pump of the rotor type is arranged in the fluid line 42 so as to generate a flow of transmission fluid through same. The pump power output of the fluid pump 43 is controlled by means of an electronic control device 44.
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to control, in dependence upon the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid, the fluid pump 43 according to any of one or a plurality of different selectable control states, wherein said control states comprise at least:
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to cause the fluid pump 43 to be run at a pump power output that corresponds to a variable setpoint value, wherein the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to determine said variable setpoint value in dependence upon the values for the prevailing flow and prevailing temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device 41 and the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid, and
• a third control state in which the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to cause the fluid pump 43 to be run at a high pump power output that produces a fluid flow for maximum cooling of the transmission fluid in the cooling device 41.
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to receive the measurement values concerning the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid from a temperature sensor 45 that is arranged so as to measure the temperature of the transmission fluid.
• Said temperature sensor 45 can, for example, be arranged so as to measure the temperature of the transmission fluid in the fluid sump 11 , as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to receive the measurement values concerning the prevailing temperature of the cooling medium from a temperature sensor 46 that is arranged so as to measure the temperature of the cooling medium.
• Said temperature sensor 46 can, for example, be arranged so as to measure the temperature of the cooling medium in a line section of the cooling loop 21 between the cooling fluid pump 22 and the cooling device 41, as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
• the flow of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device 41 depends on the rpm of the cooling fluid pump 22.
• the rpm of the cooling fluid pump 22 will depend on the rpm of the drive engine 6.
• the electronic control device 44 can be arranged so as to receive information concerning the drive engine rpm from the engine control unit 14 and so as to determine the prevailing flow of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device based on said rpm information.
• the arrangement 40 comprises an electric motor 47 for driving the fluid pump 43, wherein the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to control the pump power output of the fluid pump 43 by controlling the rpm of the electric motor 47.
• the motor vehicle 1 can comprise a separate fluid pump 15 for supplying transmission fluid from the fluid sump 11 to the aforementioned fluid channels 13 in the transmission 4, as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
• Said fluid pump 15 can, for example, be connected to a rotating shaft 16 in the transmission 4 so as to be driven by same.
• Said shaft 16 is a shaft that is arranged so as to always rotate when the input shaft and/or output shaft of the transmission rotates, and can, for example, be a lateral shaft or main shaft of the transmission 4.
• the cooling device 41 is connected to the aforementioned fluid channels 13 in the transmission 4, whereupon the fluid pump 43 is responsible for supplying transmission fluid to said fluid channels.
• Fig. 2 is otherwise consistent with the embodiment according to Fig. 1.
• the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3 corresponds to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, with the exception that the fluid pump 43' is in this case a pump with variable displacement, which is connected to and arranged so as to be driven by a rotating shaft 16 in the transmission 4.
• Said shaft 16 is a shaft that is arranged so as to always rotate when the input shaft and/or output shaft of the transmission rotates, and can, for example, be a lateral shaft or a main shaft of the transmission 4.
• the displacement of the fluid pump 43' is regulated in a manner that is known per se by means of an actuating device 48, whereupon the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to control the pump power output of the fluid pump 43' by controlling the displacement of the fluid pump via the actuating device 48.
• the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 corresponds to the embodiment illustrated in Fig.
• the fluid pump 43 is in this case arranged so as to be driven by a rotating shaft 16 in the transmission 4 via a via a viscous coupling 49 with an adjustable degree of coupling
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to control the pump power output of the fluid pump 43 by controlling the degree of coupling of the viscous coupling 49 in a manner that is known per se.
• Said shaft 16 is a shaft that is arranged so as to always rotate when the input shaft and/or output shaft of the transmission rotates, and can, for example, be a lateral shaft or main shaft of the transmission 4.
• Torque and power are transferred in the viscous coupling 49 by means of fluid in narrow gaps between a first coupling part, which is connected to the rotating shaft 16 of the transmission 4, and a second coupling part, which is connected to an input shaft of the fluid pump 43. Varying the amount of fluid in the space between the two coupling parts makes it possible to vary the degree of coupling of the viscous coupling 49 and thereby vary the torque transferred by the viscous coupling and the rpm.
• the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 corresponds to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, with the exception that the cooling device 41' in this case is arranged in connection to the cooling fluid radiator 23 so that a cooling airflow can flow through.
• the cooling device 41' in this case is arranged in connection to the cooling fluid radiator 23 so that a cooling airflow can flow through.
• it is thus a cooling medium in the form of ambient air that is used to cool the transmission fluid in the cooling device 41'.
• the transmission fluid that flows through the cooling device 41' is thus cooled by air that the headwind blows against the cooling device 41' when the motor vehicle 1 is in motion.
• a fan 31 is arranged so as to generate a supplemental airflow through the cooling fluid radiator 23 and the cooling device 41' as needed. When the fan 31 is in operation, the airflow through the cooling device 41' thus depends on both the headwind, i.e.
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to receive information concerning the velocity of the motor vehicle and the rpm of the fan, e.g. from the engine control unit 14, and to determine the prevailing flow of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device 41' based on said information.
• the electronic control device 44 is further arranged so as to receive the measurement values concerning the prevailing temperature of the cooling medium from a temperature sensor 46 that is arranged so as to measure the temperature of the ambient air.
• the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to determine the aforementioned pump power output setpoint value in dependence upon the following variables: the prevailing flow and prevailing temperature of the cooling medium, and the prevailing temperature of the transmission fluid. This can occur either by means of a predetermined calculation model or by means of lookup tables.
• the calculation model or the lookup tables are designed so that the setpoint value determined by the electronic control device 44 corresponds to a pump power output that is optimized with respect to said variables, which results in favorable cooling of the transmission fluid in an energy-efficient manner, so as to thus avoid running the fluid pump 43, 43' at an unnecessarily high and energy-demanding pump power output that is within an upper power range such that an increase in the pump power output and thus an increase in the fluid flow through the cooling device 41, 41' would result in only a negligible increase in the cooling output.
• This solution is based on the fact that the cooling output generated by the cooling device 41, 41' increases notably with increasing fluid flow through the cooling device up to a certain fluid flow level, after which the cooling output increases only very slowly with additional increased fluid flow. Avoiding running the fluid pump 43, 43' at a pump power output that falls within said upper power range makes it possible to reduce the amount of energy expended to drive the fluid pump, whereupon the energy or fuel consumption of the drive engine 6 is reduced.
• the electronic control device 44 can be implemented by means of a single electronic control unit in the motor vehicle 1, as is illustrated in Figs. 1-5. However, the electronic control device 44 could alternatively be implemented by means of two or more mutually interworking electronic control units of the motor vehicle.
• Figs. 7-9 present flow diagrams that illustrate various embodiments of a method according to the present invention.
• the electronic control device 44 controls the fluid pump 43, 43':
• the electronic control device 44 can also be arranged so as to take the sign of the drive engine torque into consideration in selecting a control state, as illustrated in, for example, the flow diagrams in Figs. 8 and 9. In this case the electronic control device 44 is arranged so as to receive information concerning the prevailing torque of the drive engine 6 from the engine control unit 14.
• a third limit value T hetween for the transmission fluid temperature in addition to the aforementioned upper and lower limit values T lower , T upper , a third limit value T hetween for the transmission fluid temperature, wherein said third limit value T hetween has a value that lies between the lower and upper limit values T lower , T upper -
• the electronic control device 44 controls the fluid pump 43, 43': - according to a third control state with a high pump power output when the drive engine torque is negative at the same time as the prevailing temperature T of the transmission fluid lies between the lower and upper limit values T lower , T upper ,
• T lower , T hetween , T upper can be predetermined constant values that are determined in dependence upon the properties of the transmission fluid being used.
• T lower 90°C
• T between 100 °C 3nd
• T upper 110 °C .
• One or more of the limit values T lower , T hetween , T upper that are used, and particularly the upper limit value T upper could alternatively have a variable value that is determined by the electronic control device 44 in dependence upon information concerning the prevailing and/or estimated future operating conditions for the motor vehicle 1. Such information could, for example, pertain to the ambient temperature, engine output of the drive engine 6, gear setting of the transmission 4, total weight (i.e. the weight of the relevant vehicle combination and its load), topography etc.
• the electronic control device 44 can, for example, be arranged so as to determine, based on this information and criteria determined in advance, whether the operating conditions correspond to the operating conditions for lighter-duty operation with relatively low anticipated cooling demand for the transmission 4 in the immediate future, or heavier-duty operation with relatively high anticipated cooling demand for the transmission 4 in the immediate future. In a situation involving lighter-duty operation, a higher transmission fluid temperature is permissible compared to a situation involving heavier-duty operation.
• the electronic control device 44 applies a variable upper limit value T upper , whereupon the electronic control device 44 sets, in dependence upon information concerning the prevailing and/or estimated future operating conditions for the motor vehicle 1 , the upper limit value T upper to a first value 77 in connection with the operating conditions that are considered to correspond to lighter-duty operation, and to a second value T2 in connection with the operating conditions that are considered to correspond to heavier-duty operation.
• the first value 77 is higher than the second value T2, and the magnitude of these values 77, T2 is selected in dependence upon the properties of the transmission fluid being used.
• Computer program code for implementing a method according to the invention is appropriately included in a computer program that is inputtable into the internal memory of a computer, such as the internal memory of a control unit of a motor vehicle.
• a computer program is appropriately supplied via a computer program product containing a computer-readable data storage medium, which data storage medium has the computer program product stored thereon.
• Said data storage medium is, for example, an optical data storage medium in the form of a CD- ROM disk, a DVD disk etc, a magnetic data storage medium in the form of a hard drive, a diskette, a cassette tape etc, or a Flash memory or a memory of the ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type.
• FIG. 6 illustrates, in highly schematic fashion, an electronic control unit 50 comprising an execution means 51, such as a central processing unit (CPU), for executing computer software.
• the execution means 51 communicate with a memory 52, e.g. of the RAM type, via a data bus 53.
• the control unit 50 also comprises a data storage medium 54, e.g. in the form of a Flash memory or a memory of the ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type.
• the execution means 51 communicate with the data storage means 54 via the data bus 53.
• a computer program containing computer program code for implementing a method according to the invention, e.g. in accordance with any of the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 7-9, is stored on the data storage medium 54.
• the arrangement and the method according to the invention are intended in particular for use in a heavy motor vehicle, such as a bus, a tractor or a goods vehicle, but they could also be used in a vessel, a power station or another facility.

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• 2014
  • 2014-01-31 SE SE1450104A patent/SE537806C2/sv unknown
• 2015
  • 2015-01-26 DE DE112015000358.4T patent/DE112015000358B4/de active Active
  • 2015-01-26 WO PCT/SE2015/050071 patent/WO2015115970A1/en active Application Filing

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