WO2015115161A1 - 接続体及び接続体の製造方法 - Google Patents
接続体及び接続体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015115161A1 WO2015115161A1 PCT/JP2015/050620 JP2015050620W WO2015115161A1 WO 2015115161 A1 WO2015115161 A1 WO 2015115161A1 JP 2015050620 W JP2015050620 W JP 2015050620W WO 2015115161 A1 WO2015115161 A1 WO 2015115161A1
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- conductive particles
- anisotropic conductive
- connection
- particles
- liquid crystal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
- H05K1/181—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with surface mounted components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/01—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between the connecting locations
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- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
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- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/16—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive material in insulating or poorly conductive material, e.g. conductive rubber
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- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/04—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation using electrically conductive adhesives
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/321—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/321—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
- H05K3/323—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives by applying an anisotropic conductive adhesive layer over an array of pads
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- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
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- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
- H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
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- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a connection body in which an electronic component and a circuit board are connected, and a method for manufacturing the connection body, and in particular, a connection body and a connection body in which the electronic component is connected to the circuit board via an adhesive containing conductive particles. It relates to the manufacturing method.
- This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-013696 filed on January 28, 2014 in Japan and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-219705 filed on October 28, 2014 in Japan. Claims priority as a basis and these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- liquid crystal display devices and organic EL panels have been used as various display means such as televisions, PC monitors, mobile phones, smart phones, portable game machines, tablet terminals, wearable terminals, and in-vehicle monitors.
- COG chip on glass
- a transparent electrode 102 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like is provided on a transparent substrate 101 made of a glass substrate or the like.
- a plurality of such electronic components such as a liquid crystal driving IC 103 are connected on the transparent electrode 102.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 103 is formed with a plurality of electrode terminals 104 corresponding to the transparent electrodes 102 on the mounting surface, and thermocompression-bonded on the transparent substrate 101 via the anisotropic conductive film 105, thereby the electrode terminals 104. And the transparent electrode 102 are connected.
- the anisotropic conductive film 105 is a film formed by mixing conductive particles in a binder resin, and heat conduction is performed between the two conductors so that electrical conduction between the conductors is achieved with the conductive particles.
- the binder resin maintains the mechanical connection between the conductors.
- a highly reliable thermosetting binder resin is usually used, but a photocurable binder resin or a photothermal binder resin may be used.
- the anisotropic conductive film 105 is first attached to the transparent electrode 102 of the transparent substrate 101 by a temporary pressure bonding means (not shown). Temporarily stick. Subsequently, after mounting the liquid crystal driving IC 103 on the transparent substrate 101 via the anisotropic conductive film 105 to form a temporary connection body, the liquid crystal driving IC 103 is anisotropically formed by thermocompression bonding means such as a thermocompression bonding head 106. Heated and pressed to the transparent electrode 102 side together with the conductive film 105. By the heating by the thermocompression bonding head 106, the anisotropic conductive film 105 undergoes a thermosetting reaction, whereby the liquid crystal driving IC 103 is bonded onto the transparent electrode 102.
- thermocompression bonding head 106 Heated and pressed to the transparent electrode 102 side together with the conductive film 105.
- the wiring pitch of circuit boards and the fine pitch of electrode terminals of electronic components have also increased, and the electrode terminals are finer using anisotropic conductive films.
- the conductive particles are densely placed in order to ensure that the conductive particles are sandwiched between the narrowed electrode terminals to ensure conduction. Need to be filled.
- the electrodes formed on the circuit board are formed with a thickness of the order of several tens of nanometers to several ⁇ m by printing or the like, so that a short circuit between the electrodes on the circuit board side does not cause a problem.
- the present invention ensures the electrical connection between the electronic component and the circuit board and prevents a short circuit between the electrode terminals of the electronic component even if the wiring pitch of the circuit board and the electrode terminal of the electronic component are made fine. It is an object of the present invention to provide a connection body and a method for manufacturing the connection body.
- a connection body according to the present invention is a connection body in which an electronic component is connected to a circuit board via an anisotropic conductive adhesive, and the anisotropic conductive adhesive includes a binder. Conductive particles are arranged in the resin, and the inter-particle distance between the conductive particles in the space between the connection electrodes formed on the electronic component is captured between the substrate electrode formed on the circuit board and the connection electrode. It is longer than the interparticle distance between the conductive particles.
- the manufacturing method of the connection body which concerns on this invention mounts an electronic component on the circuit board through the adhesive agent containing electroconductive particle, and presses the said electronic component with respect to the said circuit board,
- the anisotropic conductive adhesive includes conductive particles arranged in a binder resin, and the connection electrodes are connected to each other.
- the interparticle distance between the conductive particles in the space is longer than the interparticle distance between the conductive particles captured between the substrate electrode formed on the circuit board and the connection electrode formed on the electronic component. It is.
- the interparticle distance between the conductive particles in the inter-terminal space between the adjacent electrode terminals is longer than the interparticle distance between the conductive particles trapped between the connection electrode and the substrate electrode. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a short circuit between the terminals due to the continuous conductive particles in the space between the terminals of the connection electrode having a fine pitch.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel shown as an example of a connection body.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection process between the liquid crystal driving IC and the transparent substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing electrode terminals (bumps) and inter-terminal spaces of the liquid crystal driving IC.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the minimum distance D in the arrangement direction of the electrode terminals and the terminal portions in the liquid crystal driving IC and the transparent substrate.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an anisotropic conductive film.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are regularly arranged in a lattice shape.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the distribution of the number of trapped particles of electrode terminals in a connected body using an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are regularly arranged and a randomly dispersed anisotropic conductive film.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are sparse in the longitudinal direction and densely arranged in the width direction.
- FIG. 8B is a plan view showing conductive particles in the longitudinal direction. It is a top view which shows the anisotropic conductive film densely arranged in the width direction sparsely.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are sparse in the longitudinal direction and densely arranged in the width direction.
- FIG. 8B is a plan view showing conductive particles in the longitudinal direction. It is a top view which shows the anisotropic conductive film densely arranged in the width direction sparsely.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are arranged to be inclined with respect to the film longitudinal direction and the width direction is arranged on the terminal portion along the film longitudinal direction along the arrangement direction of the terminal portion.
- FIG. 10 shows another anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are arranged to be inclined with respect to the film longitudinal direction and the width direction, and the film longitudinal direction is arranged on the terminal portion along the arrangement direction of the terminal portions. It is a top view which shows a state.
- FIG. 11 shows another anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are arranged to be inclined with respect to the film longitudinal direction and the width direction, and the film longitudinal direction is arranged on the terminal portion along the arrangement direction of the terminal portions.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of connecting an IC chip to a transparent substrate of a liquid crystal display panel, where (A) a process before connection and (B) a connection process.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection state between a conventional transparent substrate and an IC chip.
- connection body to which the present invention is applied and a method for manufacturing the connection body will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the drawings are schematic, and the ratio of each dimension may be different from the actual one. Specific dimensions should be determined in consideration of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 includes two transparent substrates 11 and 12 made of a glass substrate and the like, and the transparent substrates 11 and 12 are bonded to each other by a frame-shaped seal 13. .
- the liquid crystal 14 is sealed in a space surrounded by the transparent substrates 11 and 12 to form a panel display unit 15.
- the transparent substrates 11 and 12 have a pair of striped transparent electrodes 16 and 17 made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or the like on both inner surfaces facing each other so as to intersect each other.
- the transparent electrodes 16 and 17 are configured such that a pixel as a minimum unit of liquid crystal display is configured by the intersection of the transparent electrodes 16 and 17.
- one transparent substrate 12 is formed to have a larger planar dimension than the other transparent substrate 11, and an edge 12a of the formed transparent substrate 12 has an electronic component.
- a COG mounting unit 20 on which the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is mounted is provided.
- the COG mounting portion 20 is formed with a substrate-side alignment mark 21 that overlaps the terminal portion 17 a of the transparent electrode 17 and the IC-side alignment mark 22 provided on the liquid crystal driving IC 18.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 can selectively apply a liquid crystal driving voltage to the pixels to change the alignment of the liquid crystal partially to perform a predetermined liquid crystal display.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 has a plurality of electrode terminals 19 (bumps) that are electrically connected to the terminal portions 17 a of the transparent electrode 17 on the mounting surface 18 a to the transparent substrate 12.
- the electrode terminal 19 for example, a copper bump, a gold bump, or a copper bump plated with gold is suitably used.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 includes electrode terminals 19 (input bumps) arranged in a line along one side edge of the mounting surface 18a, and the other side edge facing one side edge.
- the electrode terminals 19 (output bumps) are arranged in a zigzag manner in a plurality of rows.
- the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a provided on the COG mounting portion 20 of the transparent substrate 12 are formed with the same number and the same pitch, respectively, and the transparent substrate 12 and the liquid crystal driving IC 18 are aligned and connected. Is connected.
- liquid crystal driving IC 18 With the recent miniaturization and higher functionality of liquid crystal display devices and other electronic devices, electronic components such as the liquid crystal driving IC 18 are also required to be smaller and lower in height, and the electrode terminal 19 is also lowered in height. (For example, 6 to 15 ⁇ m).
- the connection surface connected to the terminal portion 17 a of the electrode terminal 19 has a width of 8 to 60 ⁇ m, a length of 400 ⁇ m or less, and a lower limit equal to the width (8 to 60 ⁇ m) or conductive.
- the particle size is less than 7 times.
- the minimum distance between the electrode terminals 19 is set to, for example, 8 to 30 ⁇ m according to the width of the electrode terminals 19.
- the minimum distance D in the arrangement direction of the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a shown in FIG. 4 (this distance may be shifted in the arrangement direction within a range in which anisotropic connection is possible) is conductive particles. It can be less than 4 times the diameter.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is mounted on the COG mounting portion 20 of the transparent substrate 12 so that the fluidity of the binder resin of the anisotropic conductive film 1 is on the electrode terminals 19 and adjacent electrodes. Unlike the space 23 between the terminals 19, the fluidity of the binder resin in the inter-terminal space 23 is higher and it is easy to flow. Due to this fluidity, the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a distance (hereinafter also referred to as “inter-particle distance”) from the closest particles of the conductive particles 4 on the electrode terminals 19 connected to the terminal portions 17a. Rather, the inter-particle distance of the conductive particles 4 in the inter-terminal space 23 becomes longer.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is formed with an IC side alignment mark 22 for alignment with the transparent substrate 12 by being superimposed on the mounting surface 18a with the substrate side alignment mark 21. Since the wiring pitch of the transparent electrodes 17 of the transparent substrate 12 and the fine pitch of the electrode terminals 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 are increasing, the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the transparent substrate 12 are required to have high-precision alignment adjustment. It has been.
- the substrate-side alignment mark 21 and the IC-side alignment mark 22 various marks that can be aligned with the transparent substrate 12 and the liquid crystal driving IC 18 by being combined can be used.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is connected to the terminal part 17a of the transparent electrode 17 formed in the COG mounting part 20 using the anisotropic conductive film 1 as an adhesive for circuit connection.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 contains conductive particles 4, and the electrode terminal 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the terminal portion 17 a of the transparent electrode 17 formed on the edge portion 12 a of the transparent substrate 12 are electrically conductive. Electrical connection is made through the particles 4.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is thermocompression bonded by the thermocompression bonding head 33, whereby the binder resin is fluidized and the conductive particles 4 are crushed between the terminal portion 17a and the electrode terminal 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18. In this state, the binder resin is cured. Thereby, the anisotropic conductive film 1 electrically and mechanically connects the transparent substrate 12 and the liquid crystal driving IC 18.
- an alignment film 24 subjected to a predetermined rubbing process is formed on both the transparent electrodes 16 and 17, and the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules is regulated by the alignment film 24.
- a pair of polarizing plates 25 and 26 are disposed outside the transparent substrates 11 and 12, and these polarizing plates 25 and 26 allow transmitted light from a light source (not shown) such as a backlight to be transmitted. The vibration direction is regulated.
- an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) 1 usually has a binder resin layer (adhesive layer) 3 containing conductive particles 4 on a release film 2 as a base material. It is formed.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is a thermosetting adhesive or a photo-curing adhesive such as ultraviolet rays, and is attached to the transparent electrode 17 formed on the transparent substrate 12 of the liquid crystal display panel 10 and also has a liquid crystal driving IC 18.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 can connect the transparent substrate 12 and the liquid crystal driving IC 18 to make them conductive.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 has regular conductive particles 4 in a predetermined pattern on a normal binder resin layer 3 containing a film-forming resin, a thermosetting resin, a latent curing agent, a silane coupling agent and the like. Is arranged.
- the release film 2 that supports the binder resin layer 3 is made of, for example, PET (Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate), OPP (Oriented Polypropylene), PMP (Poly-4-methylpentene-1), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) or the like with a release agent such as silicone. It coats and prevents the anisotropic conductive film 1 from drying, and maintains the shape of the anisotropic conductive film 1.
- the film-forming resin contained in the binder resin layer 3 is preferably a resin having an average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 80,000.
- the film forming resin include various resins such as an epoxy resin, a modified epoxy resin, a urethane resin, and a phenoxy resin. Among these, phenoxy resin is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of film formation state, connection reliability, and the like.
- thermosetting resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include commercially available epoxy resins and acrylic resins.
- the epoxy resin is not particularly limited.
- naphthalene type epoxy resin biphenyl type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, bisphenol type epoxy resin, stilbene type epoxy resin, triphenolmethane type epoxy resin, phenol aralkyl type epoxy resin.
- an acrylic compound, liquid acrylate, etc. can be selected suitably.
- what made acrylate the methacrylate can also be selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropy
- the latent curing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various curing agents such as a heat curing type and a UV curing type.
- the latent curing agent does not normally react, but is activated by various triggers selected according to applications such as heat, light, and pressure, and starts the reaction.
- the activation method of the thermal activation type latent curing agent includes a method of generating active species (cation, anion, radical) by a dissociation reaction by heating, etc., and it is stably dispersed in the epoxy resin near room temperature, and epoxy at high temperature
- active species cation, anion, radical
- Thermally active latent curing agents include imidazole, hydrazide, boron trifluoride-amine complexes, sulfonium salts, amine imides, polyamine salts, dicyandiamide, etc., and modified products thereof. The above mixture may be sufficient. Among these, a microcapsule type imidazole-based latent curing agent is preferable.
- the silane coupling agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an epoxy type, an amino type, a mercapto sulfide type, and a ureido type. By adding the silane coupling agent, the adhesion at the interface between the organic material and the inorganic material is improved.
- Examples of the conductive particles 4 include any known conductive particles used in the anisotropic conductive film 1.
- Examples of the conductive particles 4 include particles of various metals and metal alloys such as nickel, iron, copper, aluminum, tin, lead, chromium, cobalt, silver, gold, metal oxide, carbon, graphite, glass, ceramic, Examples thereof include those in which the surface of particles such as plastic is coated with metal, or those in which the surface of these particles is further coated with an insulating thin film.
- examples of the resin particle include an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an acrylic resin, an acrylonitrile / styrene (AS) resin, a benzoguanamine resin, a divinylbenzene resin, a styrene resin, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the size of the conductive particles 4 is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductive particles 4 are regularly arranged in a predetermined arrangement pattern in a plan view. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 has a finer space between the adjacent electrode terminals 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 than when the conductive particles 4 are randomly dispersed. Even when the pitch is reduced and the area between the terminals is reduced, and the conductive particles 4 are filled with high density, the short circuit between the electrode terminals 19 due to the aggregate of the conductive particles 4 is prevented in the connection process of the liquid crystal driving IC 18. can do.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 prevents the occurrence of density due to aggregation of the conductive particles 4 even when the binder resin layer 3 is filled with high density by arranging the conductive particles 4 regularly. Has been. Therefore, according to the anisotropic conductive film 1, the conductive particles 4 can be captured even in the terminal portions 17 a and the electrode terminals 19 that are fine pitched. The uniform arrangement pattern of the conductive particles 4 can be arbitrarily set. The connection process of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 will be described in detail later.
- an anisotropic conductive film 1 for example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied on a stretchable sheet, the conductive particles 4 are arranged in a single layer thereon, and then the sheet is stretched at a desired stretch ratio.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 has the conductive particles 4 arranged in high density. .
- the conductive particles 4 are arranged at a number density of 5000 to 60000 pieces / mm 2 .
- the particle number density is less than 5000 particles / mm 2
- the number of particles trapped between the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a that are fine pitched decreases, and the conduction resistance increases.
- the particle number density is more than 60000 / mm 2
- the conductive particles 4 in the inter-terminal space 23 between the narrowed electrode terminals 19 are connected, and there is a possibility that the adjacent electrode terminals 19 are short-circuited. is there.
- the particle number density is arbitrarily adjusted from the size of the conductive particles 4, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the shape of the anisotropic conductive film 1 is not particularly limited.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 has a long tape shape that can be wound around a take-up reel 6 and is cut and used for a predetermined length. can do.
- molded the thermosetting resin composition which regularly arranged the electroconductive particle 4 in the binder resin layer 3 as the anisotropic conductive film 1 in the film form is not limited to this.
- an insulating adhesive layer made of only the binder resin 3 and a conductive particle-containing layer made of the binder resin 3 in which the conductive particles 4 are regularly arranged are laminated. It can be configured.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is arranged in a single layer as shown in FIG. 5, and the conductive particles 4 extend over a plurality of binder resin layers 3. May be arranged and regularly arranged in a plan view.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 may be a single dispersion at a predetermined distance in at least one layer of a multilayer structure.
- connection process Next, a connection process for connecting the liquid crystal driving IC 18 to the transparent substrate 12 will be described.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is temporarily attached on the COG mounting part 20 in which the terminal part 17a of the transparent substrate 12 is formed.
- the transparent substrate 12 is placed on the stage of the connection device, and the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is disposed on the mounting portion of the transparent substrate 12 via the anisotropic conductive film 1.
- thermocompression bonding head 33 heated to a predetermined temperature for curing the binder resin layer 3 is hot-pressed from above the liquid crystal driving IC 18 at a predetermined pressure and time.
- the binder resin layer 3 of the anisotropic conductive film 1 exhibits fluidity, and flows out from between the mounting surface 18a of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the COG mounting portion 20 of the transparent substrate 12, and in the binder resin layer 3.
- the conductive particles 4 are sandwiched between the electrode terminals 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the terminal portions 17a of the transparent substrate 12 and are crushed.
- the conductive particles 4 are electrically connected between the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a, and in this state, the binder resin heated by the thermocompression bonding head 33 is cured. Thereby, the liquid crystal display panel 10 in which electrical conductivity is ensured between the electrode terminal 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the terminal portion 17a formed on the transparent substrate 12 can be manufactured.
- the conductive particles 4 not between the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a are dispersed in the binder resin in the inter-terminal spaces 23 between the adjacent electrode terminals 19, and maintain an electrically insulated state. Thereby, electrical conduction is achieved only between the electrode terminal 19 of the liquid crystal driving IC 18 and the terminal portion 17a of the transparent substrate 12.
- the binder resin can be rapidly cured even with a short heating time.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is not limited to the thermosetting type, and may be a photo-curing type or a photo-heat combined type adhesive as long as pressure connection is performed.
- the inter-particle distance between the conductive particles 4 in the inter-terminal space 23 between the adjacent electrode terminals 19 is the same between the conductive particles 4 captured between the electrode terminal 19 and the terminal portion 17a. Longer than the interparticle distance. Therefore, the liquid crystal display panel 10 can prevent a short circuit between the terminals due to the conductive particles 4 continuing in the inter-terminal space 23 of the electrode terminals 19 having a fine pitch.
- the conductive particles 4 of the anisotropic conductive film 1 are regularly arranged.
- the liquid crystal driving IC 18 has a higher fluidity of the binder resin in the inter-terminal space 23 than the electrode terminals 19 and is more likely to flow during the thermal pressing by the thermocompression bonding head 33. Furthermore, the conductive particles 4 captured between the electrode terminal 19 and the terminal portion 17a are less affected by the flow of the binder resin.
- the conductive particles 4 in the inter-terminal space 23 are not sandwiched between the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a, and are relatively greatly affected by the binder resin that flows due to the heat and pressure applied by the thermocompression bonding head 33.
- grains becomes relatively large. Therefore, the liquid crystal display panel 10 can reliably capture the conductive particles 4 between the electrode terminals 19 and the terminal portions 17a to ensure conductivity, and the inter-terminal space between the adjacent electrode terminals 19. 23, since the distance between the particles is maintained, a short circuit between the electrode terminals 19 can be prevented.
- the number density of the conductive particles is preferably 5000 to 60000 particles / mm 2 .
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 prevents the short circuit between the terminals due to the continuous conductive particles 4 in the narrowed inter-terminal space 23, and the fine pitched electrode terminals 19 and terminals.
- the conductive particles 4 can be reliably captured between the portion 17a and the conductivity can be improved.
- FIG. 7 shows an anisotropic conductive film 1 (number density: 28000 / mm 2 ) in which conductive particles 4 are regularly arranged and an anisotropic conductive film (number density) in which conductive particles are randomly dispersed. : 60000 pieces / mm 2 ), and a graph comparing the distribution of the number of trapped conductive particles of one electrode terminal 19 in a connection body that is anisotropically conductively connected.
- the binder and connection conditions of the anisotropic conductive film 1 are based on the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is formed in a film shape in which the arrangement direction of the terminal portions 17a and the electrode terminals 19 is the longitudinal direction, and the conductive particles 4 extend in the longitudinal direction. It may be densely arranged over the sparse and width directions.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is pasted in the longitudinal direction along the arrangement direction of the terminal portions 17 a and the electrode terminals 19. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive film 1 is bonded to the COG mounting part 20, whereby the conductive particles 4 are arranged sparsely in the arrangement direction of the terminal parts 17 a and the electrode terminals 19, and the terminal parts 17 a and the electrode terminals 19 are arranged. It is arranged densely over the length direction.
- the conductive particles 4 are relatively sparsely arranged in the arrangement direction of the terminal portions 17 a and the electrode terminals 19, thereby extending between the adjacent electrode terminals 19 in the inter-terminal space 23. Since the number of conductive particles 4 is reduced and the distance between the particles is increased, a short circuit between the electrode terminals 19 can be further prevented.
- the conductive particles 4 are relatively densely arranged in the width direction in the anisotropic conductive film 1, the particle capture rate of the conductive particles 4 between the terminal portions 17a and the electrode terminals 19 is high. Go up. Therefore, the conductivity with the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is not impaired.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is formed in a film shape in which the arrangement direction of the terminal portions 17a and the electrode terminals 19 is the longitudinal direction, and the conductive particles 4 extend in the longitudinal direction. It may be arranged densely and sparsely in the width direction.
- the conductive particles 4 in the inter-terminal space 23 are greatly affected by the binder resin that flows due to the heat and pressure applied by the thermocompression bonding head 33, and the distance between the particles becomes relatively large. Therefore, the liquid crystal display panel 10 can prevent a short circuit between the electrode terminals 19.
- the conductive particles 4 are relatively densely arranged in the length direction of the film, so that the conductive particles 4 are reliably captured between the terminal portions 17 a and the electrode terminals 19. Therefore, the continuity with the liquid crystal driving IC 18 is not impaired.
- the anisotropic conductive film 1 is arranged such that the conductive particles 4 are inclined with respect to the width direction Lt perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Lf of the film.
- Conductivity in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Lf of the anisotropic conductive film 1 by arranging Lf parallel to the arrangement direction of the terminal portions 17a and arranging the width direction Lt of the film parallel to the longitudinal direction of the terminal portions 17a.
- the circumscribing line (two-dot chain line) of the particle P may penetrate the conductive particles Pc and Pe adjacent to the conductive particle P.
- the interparticle distance of the adjacent electroconductive particle 4 with respect to the width direction (longitudinal direction Lf of a film) of the terminal part 17a is dense.
- the capture rate of the conductive particles 4 occupying the connection surface of the terminal portion 17a having a fine pitch can be improved. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive film 1 is sandwiched between the electrode terminals 19 facing each other at the time of anisotropic conductive connection, and is pushed into the terminal portion 17a so as to conduct between the electrode terminal 19 and the terminal portion 17a. It is possible to prevent the number of P from becoming insufficient.
- the second arrangement direction L2 of the conductive particles in the film width direction Lt is inclined with respect to the film width direction Lt, and the film in the longitudinal direction Lf. Since the first arrangement direction L1 is inclined with respect to the film longitudinal direction Lf, the distance between adjacent conductive particles in the width direction and the longitudinal direction of the terminal portion 17a is made dense, and the capture rate is further improved.
- connection in which an evaluation IC is connected to an evaluation glass substrate using an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are regularly arranged and an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are randomly dispersed A body sample is prepared, and the number of conductive particles captured between the substrate electrode formed on the glass substrate for evaluation and the IC bump formed on the evaluation IC and the closest particle of the conductive particles Distance (distance between particles), number of conductive particles in inter-bump space between adjacent IC bumps, distance from conductive particles to the nearest particle (inter-particle distance), initial conduction resistance, between adjacent IC bumps The occurrence rate of short was measured.
- the binder resin layer of the anisotropic conductive film used for connecting the IC for evaluation was 60 parts by mass of phenoxy resin (trade name: YP50, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.), epoxy resin (trade name: jER828, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
- a binder resin composition prepared by adding 40 parts by mass and 2 parts by mass of a cationic curing agent (trade name: SI-60L, manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) to a solvent is prepared, and this binder resin composition is applied onto a release film. It was formed by firing.
- an evaluation IC having an outer shape: 1.8 mm ⁇ 20 mm, a thickness of 0.5 mm, a bump (Au-plated);
- an ITO pattern glass having an outer shape: 30 mm ⁇ 50 mm, a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a comb-like electrode pattern having the same size and the same pitch as the bump of the evaluation IC is used. It was.
- the evaluation IC After temporarily attaching an anisotropic conductive film to the glass substrate for evaluation, the evaluation IC is mounted while aligning the IC bump and the substrate electrode, and thermocompression bonding is performed at 180 ° C., 80 MPa, and 5 sec using a thermocompression bonding head. As a result, a connected body sample was created. For each connection sample, the number of conductive particles trapped between the IC bump and the substrate electrode and the distance between the particles, the number of conductive particles in the space between the bumps between adjacent IC bumps, and the distance between the particles Distance, initial conduction resistance, and occurrence rate of short circuit between adjacent IC bumps were measured.
- the indentation appearing on the substrate electrode is observed from the back surface of the glass substrate for evaluation with respect to each connected body sample.
- the number of conductive particles trapped between the electrodes was measured for any 100 IC bumps and substrate electrodes, and the average was determined.
- the distance between the particles of the conductive particles captured between the IC bump and the substrate electrode is determined by observing the indentation appearing on the substrate electrode from the back surface of the glass substrate for evaluation, and arbitrary 100 IC bumps and substrate electrodes. And the average and minimum distance were obtained.
- the number of conductive particles in the space between the bumps was observed from the back surface of the glass substrate for evaluation for each connection body sample, measured for an arbitrary space between 100 bumps, and the average was obtained.
- the interparticle distance of the conductive particles in the interbump space was observed from the back surface of the glass substrate for evaluation, measured for any 100 interbump spaces, and the average and minimum distance were obtained.
- deviated in the depth direction in the same observation surface was calculated
- connection sample was evaluated as having good initial conduction resistance of 0.5 ⁇ or less and a short-circuit occurrence rate between IC bumps of 50 ppm or less.
- Example 1 an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are regularly arranged in a binder resin layer was used.
- the anisotropic conductive film used in Example 1 was obtained by applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive on a stretchable sheet and arranging conductive particles on the sheet in a lattice-like and uniform single layer, and then stretching the sheet to a desired stretch ratio. It was manufactured by laminating a binder resin layer in a state stretched by.
- the used conductive particles (trade name: AUL704, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) have a particle diameter of 4 ⁇ m, the interparticle distance before connection is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the particle number density is 28000 / mm 2 .
- Example 2 In Example 2, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that an anisotropic conductive film having an interparticle distance of 1 ⁇ m and a particle number density of 16000 / mm 2 before connection was used.
- Example 3 In Example 3, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used, except that an anisotropic conductive film having an interparticle distance of 1.5 ⁇ m and a particle number density of 10500 / mm 2 before connection was used.
- Example 4 In Example 4, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that an anisotropic conductive film having an interparticle distance of 3 ⁇ m and a particle number density of 5200 particles / mm 2 before connection was used.
- Example 5 In Example 5, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that an anisotropic conductive film having an interparticle distance of 0.5 ⁇ m and a particle number density of 50000 / mm 2 before connection was used.
- Comparative Example 1 an anisotropic conductive film in which conductive particles are randomly dispersed in a binder resin layer is prepared by adding conductive particles to a binder resin composition, and applying and baking on the release film. Using.
- the used conductive particles (trade name: AUL704, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) have a particle diameter of 4 ⁇ m and a particle number density of 100,000 particles / mm 2 .
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 1 except that the particle number density was 16000 particles / mm 2 .
- the average number of conductive particles sandwiched between the IC bumps of the pair of evaluation ICs and the substrate electrodes of the evaluation glass substrate was 8
- the initial conduction resistance was as good as 0.4 ⁇ or less.
- the inter-particle distance between the conductive particles sandwiched between the pair of IC bumps and the substrate electrode was 1.2 ⁇ m or more on average, and 0.2 ⁇ m or more at the minimum.
- connection body samples according to Examples 1 to 5 the number of conductive particles in the inter-bump space between adjacent IC bumps was divided into 14.3 to 194.2 on average. The distance between them was 1.4 ⁇ m or more on average, and 0.3 ⁇ m at the minimum. The occurrence rate of shorts between IC bumps was lower than 50 ppm, and the insulation was good.
- Comparative Example 1 the conductive particles filled with a number density of 100,000 / mm 2 are randomly dispersed in the binder resin layer, so that the conductive particles sandwiched between the substrate electrode and the IC bumps.
- the average number was 48, the interparticle distance was 0.5 ⁇ m on average, the minimum distance was 0 ⁇ m, and the initial conduction resistance was 0.2 ⁇ , which was not a problem.
- the average number of conductive particles is 80, the distance between particles is 0.7 ⁇ m on average, and the minimum distance is 0 ⁇ m. Became 1000 ppm or more.
- the conductive particles filled with a number density of 16000 / mm 2 are randomly dispersed. Therefore, in the space between the bumps, the average number of the conductive particles is 12.8 particles. The average distance was 2.6 ⁇ m, and the minimum distance was 0 ⁇ m. In other words, contact between the conductive particles was observed, but the occurrence rate of short between bumps was 50 ppm or less.
- the average number of conductive particles sandwiched between the substrate electrode and the IC bump is 7.7, the distance between particles is 2.1 ⁇ m on average, the minimum distance is 0 ⁇ m, and the conduction resistance is as high as 5 ⁇ . It was.
- Example 4 the number density of the conductive particles was 5000 / mm 2 , but when the conduction resistance was larger than 0.5 ⁇ , it was 0.4 ⁇ , and there was no practical problem.
- Example 5 the number density of the conductive particles was 50000 / mm 2 , but the case where the number of shorts between the bumps was larger than 50 ppm was not good, but it was 50 ppm or less, and there was no practical problem. That is, it is understood that the number density of conductive particles before adhesion of the anisotropic conductive film is preferably 5000 to 60000 particles / mm 2 .
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Abstract
Description
以下では、本発明が適用された接続体として、ガラス基板に、電子部品として液晶駆動用のICチップが実装された液晶表示パネルを例に説明する。この液晶表示パネル10は、図1に示すように、ガラス基板等からなる二枚の透明基板11,12が対向配置され、これら透明基板11,12が枠状のシール13によって互いに貼り合わされている。そして、液晶表示パネル10は、透明基板11,12によって囲繞された空間内に液晶14が封入されることによりパネル表示部15が形成されている。
液晶駆動用IC18は、例えば、図3に示すように、実装面18aの一方の側縁に沿って電極端子19(入力バンプ)が一列で配列され、一方の側縁と対向する他方の側縁に沿って電極端子19(出力バンプ)が複数列で千鳥状に配列されている。電極端子19と、透明基板12のCOG実装部20に設けられている端子部17aとは、それぞれ同数かつ同ピッチで形成され、透明基板12と液晶駆動用IC18とが位置合わせされて接続されることにより、接続される。
次いで、異方性導電フィルム1について説明する。異方性導電フィルム(ACF:Anisotropic Conductive Film)1は、図5に示すように、通常、基材となる剥離フィルム2上に導電性粒子4を含有するバインダー樹脂層(接着剤層)3が形成されたものである。異方性導電フィルム1は、熱硬化型あるいは紫外線等の光硬化型の接着剤であり、液晶表示パネル10の透明基板12に形成された透明電極17上に貼着されるとともに液晶駆動用IC18が搭載され、熱圧着ヘッド33により熱加圧されることにより流動化して導電性粒子4が相対向する透明電極17の端子部17aと液晶駆動用IC18の電極端子19との間で押し潰され、加熱あるいは紫外線照射により、導電性粒子が押し潰された状態で硬化する。これにより、異方性導電フィルム1は、透明基板12と液晶駆動用IC18とを接続し、導通させることができる。
導電性粒子4としては、異方性導電フィルム1において使用されている公知の何れの導電性粒子を挙げることができる。導電性粒子4としては、例えば、ニッケル、鉄、銅、アルミニウム、錫、鉛、クロム、コバルト、銀、金等の各種金属や金属合金の粒子、金属酸化物、カーボン、グラファイト、ガラス、セラミック、プラスチック等の粒子の表面に金属をコートしたもの、或いは、これらの粒子の表面に更に絶縁薄膜をコートしたもの等が挙げられる。樹脂粒子の表面に金属をコートしたものである場合、樹脂粒子としては、例えば、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリロニトリル・スチレン(AS)樹脂、ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、ジビニルベンゼン系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂等の粒子を挙げることができる。導電性粒子4の大きさは1~10μmが好ましいが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
異方性導電フィルム1は、導電性粒子4が平面視において所定の配列パターンで規則的に配列され、例えば図6に示すように、格子状かつ均等に配列されるものがある。平面視において規則的に配列されることにより、異方性導電フィルム1は、導電性粒子4がランダムに分散されている場合に比して、液晶駆動用IC18の隣接する電極端子19間がファインピッチ化し端子間面積が狭小化するとともに、導電性粒子4が高密度に充填されていても、液晶駆動用IC18の接続工程において、導電性粒子4の凝集体による電極端子19間のショートを防止することができる。
ここで、透明基板12の透明電極17の配線ピッチや液晶駆動用IC18の電極端子19のファインピッチ化が進んでいることから、透明基板12上に液晶駆動用IC18をCOG接続する場合、ファインピッチ化された電極端子19及び端子部17aとの間においても確実に導電性粒子が挟持され導通を確保するために、異方性導電フィルム1は、導電性粒子4が高密度で配列されている。
次いで、透明基板12に液晶駆動用IC18を接続する接続工程について説明する。先ず、透明基板12の端子部17aが形成されたCOG実装部20上に異方性導電フィルム1を仮貼りする。次いで、この透明基板12を接続装置のステージ上に載置し、透明基板12の実装部上に異方性導電フィルム1を介して液晶駆動用IC18を配置する。
ここで、本発明においては、隣接する電極端子19間の端子間スペース23における導電性粒子4同士の粒子間距離は、電極端子19と端子部17aとの間に捕捉された導電性粒子4同士の粒子間距離よりも長い。したがって、液晶表示パネル10は、ファインピッチ化された電極端子19の端子間スペース23において導電性粒子4が連なることによる端子間ショートを防止することができる。
また、図8(A)に示すように、異方性導電フィルム1は、端子部17a及び電極端子19の配列方向を長手方向とするフィルム状に形成され、導電性粒子4が、長手方向にわたって疎、幅方向に亘って密に配列されていてもよい。
また、図9~図11に示すように、異方性導電フィルム1は、フィルムの長手方向Lfと直交する幅方向Ltに対して、導電性粒子4を傾斜させて配列し、フィルムの長手方向Lfを端子部17aの配列方向と平行、且つフィルムの幅方向Ltを端子部17aの長手方向と平行に配置させることにより、異方導電性フィルム1の長手方向Lfに直交する方向の、導電性粒子Pの外接線(二点鎖線)が、その導電性粒子Pに隣接する導電性粒子Pc、Peを貫いてもよい。
評価用ICの接続に用いる異方性導電フィルムのバインダー樹脂層は、フェノキシ樹脂(商品名:YP50、新日鐵化学社製)60質量部、エポキシ樹脂(商品名:jER828、三菱化学社製)40質量部、カチオン系硬化剤(商品名:SI‐60L、三新化学工業社製)2質量部を溶剤に加えたバインダー樹脂組成物を調整し、このバインダー樹脂組成物を剥離フィルム上に塗布、焼成することにより形成した。
評価素子として、外形;1.8mm×20mm、厚み0.5mm、バンプ(Au‐plated);幅30μ×長さ85μm、高さ15μm、バンプ間スペース幅;50μmの評価用ICを用いた。
評価用ICが接続される評価用ガラス基板として、外形;30mm×50mm、厚み0.5mm、評価用ICのバンプと同サイズ同ピッチの櫛歯状の電極パターンが形成されたITOパターングラスを用いた。
実施例1では、導電性粒子がバインダー樹脂層に規則配列された異方性導電フィルムを用いた。実施例1で用いた異方性導電フィルムは、延伸可能なシート上に粘着剤を塗布し、その上に導電性粒子を格子状かつ均等に単層配列した後、当該シートを所望の延伸倍率で延伸させた状態で、バインダー樹脂層をラミネートすることにより製造した。使用した導電性粒子(商品名:AUL704、積水化学工業社製)は粒子径4μmで、接続前における粒子間距離は0.5μm、粒子個数密度は28000個/mm2である。
実施例2では、接続前における粒子間距離が1μm、粒子個数密度が16000個/mm2の異方性導電フィルムを用いた他は、実施例1と同じ条件とした。
実施例3では、接続前における粒子間距離が1.5μm、粒子個数密度が10500個/mm2の異方性導電フィルムを用いた他は、実施例1と同じ条件とした。
実施例4では、接続前における粒子間距離が3μm、粒子個数密度が5200個/mm2の異方性導電フィルムを用いた他は、実施例1と同じ条件とした。
実施例5では、接続前における粒子間距離が0.5μm、粒子個数密度が50000個/mm2の異方性導電フィルムを用いた他は、実施例1と同じ条件とした。
比較例1では、バインダー樹脂組成物に導電性粒子を加えて調整し、剥離フィルム上に塗布、焼成することにより、バインダー樹脂層に導電性粒子がランダムに分散されている異方性導電フィルムを用いた。使用した導電性粒子(商品名:AUL704、積水化学工業社製)は粒子径4μmで、粒子個数密度は100000個/mm2である。
比較例2では、粒子個数密度は16000個/mm2である他は、比較例1と同じ条件とした。
Claims (8)
- 回路基板上に異方性導電接着剤を介して電子部品が接続された接続体において、
上記異方性導電接着剤は、バインダー樹脂に導電性粒子が配列され、
上記電子部品に形成された接続電極間のスペースにおける導電性粒子同士の粒子間距離は、上記回路基板に形成された基板電極と上記接続電極との間に捕捉された上記導電性粒子同士の粒子間距離よりも長い接続体。 - 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記導電性粒子密度が5000個/mm2以上である請求項1記載の接続体。
- 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記基板電極及び上記接続電極の配列方向を長手方向とするフィルム状に形成され、上記導電性粒子が、長手方向にわたって疎、幅方向に亘って密に配列されている請求項1又は2に記載の接続体。
- 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記基板電極及び上記接続電極の配列方向を長手方向とするフィルム状に形成され、上記導電性粒子が、長手方向にわたって密、幅方向に亘って疎に配列されている請求項1又は2に記載の接続体。
- 回路基板上に、導電性粒子を含有した接着剤を介して電子部品を搭載し、
上記電子部品を上記回路基板に対して押圧するとともに、上記接着剤を硬化させることにより、上記電子部品を上記回路基板上に接続する接続体の製造方法において、
上記異方性導電接着剤は、バインダー樹脂に導電性粒子が配列され、
上記接続電極間のスペースにおける導電性粒子同士の粒子間距離は、上記回路基板に形成された基板電極と上記電子部品に形成された接続電極との間に捕捉された上記導電性粒子同士の粒子間距離よりも長い接続体の製造方法。 - 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記導電性粒子密度が5000個/mm2以上である請求項5記載の接続体の製造方法。
- 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記基板電極及び上記接続電極の配列方向を長手方向とするフィルム状に形成され、上記導電性粒子が、長手方向にわたって疎、幅方向に亘って密に配列されている請求項5又は6に記載の接続体の製造方法。
- 上記異方性導電接着剤は、上記基板電極及び上記接続電極の配列方向を長手方向とするフィルム状に形成され、上記導電性粒子が、長手方向にわたって密、幅方向に亘って疎に配列されている請求項5又は6に記載の接続体の製造方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6645730B2 (ja) | 2020-02-14 |
| KR102639862B1 (ko) | 2024-02-22 |
| CN106415937B (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
| KR102368746B1 (ko) | 2022-02-28 |
| TW201540146A (zh) | 2015-10-16 |
| KR20160114054A (ko) | 2016-10-04 |
| US10299382B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
| US20160381801A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
| JP2015164169A (ja) | 2015-09-10 |
| CN106415937A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| KR20220029770A (ko) | 2022-03-08 |
| TWI651989B (zh) | 2019-02-21 |
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