WO2015111557A1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015111557A1
WO2015111557A1 PCT/JP2015/051283 JP2015051283W WO2015111557A1 WO 2015111557 A1 WO2015111557 A1 WO 2015111557A1 JP 2015051283 W JP2015051283 W JP 2015051283W WO 2015111557 A1 WO2015111557 A1 WO 2015111557A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
antenna
directivity
dipole
vertical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/051283
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
英伸 平松
Original Assignee
日本電業工作株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 日本電業工作株式会社 filed Critical 日本電業工作株式会社
Priority to CN201580005192.8A priority Critical patent/CN106415928B/zh
Publication of WO2015111557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015111557A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/145—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising a plurality of reflecting particles, e.g. radar chaff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna.
  • An antenna that is installed on a ceiling or a wall and used indoors is required to have a thin planar structure from the viewpoint of installation and landscape.
  • EBG Electromagnetic Band Gap
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a radio communication system configured to secondarily radiate a radio wave primarily emitted from a transmission-side device to a desired area by reflection using a reflector that controls the phase of a reflected wave.
  • the reflection plate has a reflection characteristic set so as to reflect the radio wave primarily radiated from the transmission side device as a plane wave having an equal phase directed in a direction different from a reflection angle in the case of specular reflection.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a low-profile antenna that can transmit and receive radio waves in a direction inclined from a direction perpendicular to a reflector.
  • an antenna to which the present invention is applied is arranged at a first predetermined distance in a direction perpendicular to a plane made of a conductive material and a conductor made of a conductive material.
  • a plurality of patches having a region where the ratio of the surface area facing the conductor per predetermined area varies in a predetermined direction, and a plurality of conductor patches in a direction perpendicular to the plane including the conductor.
  • a radiating element provided at a predetermined second distance for transmitting and receiving radio waves.
  • a radio wave having a polarization intersecting with the polarization of the radio wave transmitted and received by the radiating element is transmitted and received at a predetermined third distance from the plurality of conductor patches in a direction orthogonal to the plane including the conductor.
  • Another radiating element may be further provided. Thereby, it can be set as the antenna of polarization sharing.
  • the change in the ratio of the surface area facing the conductor in the aforementioned region of the plurality of patches may be a change in the surface area of the patch included in this region.
  • the interval between the plurality of patches may be different between a predetermined direction and a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction. Thereby, the directivity of both polarized waves can be controlled separately.
  • the change in the ratio of the surface area facing the conductor in the aforementioned region of the plurality of patches may be a change in the distance between the patches included in the aforementioned region.
  • the center of either or both of the radiating element and the other radiating element may be arranged so as to be deviated from the center of the aforementioned region in a predetermined direction.
  • the direction of radio waves that can be transmitted and received can be increased from the direction perpendicular to the reflector.
  • the plurality of conductor patches are provided so as to exclude a portion facing either or both of the radiating element and the other radiating element. This facilitates power feeding to the radiating element or other radiating elements.
  • a low-profile antenna that can transmit and receive radio waves in a direction inclined from a direction perpendicular to the reflector.
  • FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows an example of the whole structure of the antenna with which 1st Embodiment is applied. It is the top view and sectional drawing of the antenna with which 1st Embodiment is applied.
  • (A) is a plan view of the antenna
  • (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb in (a) of the antenna
  • (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIc-IIc in (a) of the antenna.
  • (A) is a structure of the conductor patch in a reflecting plate
  • (b) is a figure which shows the structure of a dipole element. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the whole structure of the antenna with which 2nd Embodiment is applied. It is the top view and sectional drawing of an antenna with which 2nd Embodiment is applied.
  • (A) is a plan view of the antenna
  • (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line Vb-Vb in (a) of the antenna
  • (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line Vc-Vc in (a) of the antenna. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conductor patch and dipole element in the reflecting plate of the antenna with which 2nd Embodiment is applied.
  • (A) is a structure of the conductor patch in a reflecting plate
  • (b) is a figure which shows the structure of a dipole element. It is a figure which shows the directivity in the vertical direction (in a vertical surface) of the antenna 1 with which 2nd Embodiment is applied, and its frequency (f) dependence.
  • (A) is a figure explaining the space
  • (b) is a figure explaining the incident wave and reflected wave with respect to a reflecting plate
  • (c) is the reflection phase difference with respect to the frequency f, and the space
  • (A) is a case where the center of the dipole element is shifted from the center of the reflecting plate to the positive side in the vertical direction
  • (b) is a case where the center of the dipole element is placed at the center of the reflecting plate
  • (c) is The case where the center of the dipole element is shifted from the center of the reflector to the negative side in the vertical direction is shown. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the position R of the dipole element center with respect to the reflector center, and tilt angle (theta). It is a top view of the antenna with which 4th Embodiment is applied. It is a figure which shows the directivity in the orthogonal
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the overall configuration of an antenna 1 to which the first embodiment is applied.
  • the antenna 1 is arranged in parallel with a conductor 11 made of a conductive material and a predetermined distance (distance L3 in FIG. 2 described later) in a direction orthogonal to the plane including the conductor 11.
  • a predetermined distance in a direction orthogonal to the plane including the conductor 11 from the plurality of conductor patches 12 and the reflector 10 including the plurality of conductor patches 12 made of the conductive material formed FIG. 1
  • the reflector 10 includes an conductor 11 and a plurality of conductor patches 12 to form an EBG structure.
  • the dipole element 20 is provided with a halftone dot.
  • the conductor 11 of the reflecting plate 10 is a rectangle, and along the sides of the rectangle, the direction from the lower side to the upper side in FIG. 1 is the vertical direction, and the direction from the left side to the right side is the horizontal direction.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12 are configured such that the surface area (surface area) of the conductor patch 12 changes in the vertical direction, as will be described later with reference to FIG. That is, the plurality of conductor patches 12 are set so that the surface area becomes smaller from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction.
  • each of the plurality of conductor patches 12 may be referred to as a conductor patch 12, and the plurality of conductor patches 12 may be collectively referred to as a conductor patch 12.
  • the dipole element 20 includes a pair of element portions 20a and 20b in the vertical direction.
  • the dipole element 20 transmits and receives vertically polarized waves.
  • the direction of polarization coincides with the direction in which the surface area decreases in the plurality of conductor patches 12.
  • the dipole element 20 has a feeding point at the center of the element portions 20a and 20b (see FIG. 3) and transmits and receives radio waves.
  • the description of the method of feeding power to the dipole element 20 is omitted.
  • the angle ⁇ extends from the direction of the vertical line (perpendicular direction) perpendicular to the reflector 10 to the side with the larger surface area of the conductor patch 12.
  • the main beam is emitted in a direction (radiation direction) inclined (angle ⁇ ). The same applies to the case of receiving radio waves due to the reversibility of the antenna.
  • the conductor 11 should just be comprised with the electrically-conductive material, for example, metal plates, such as Al and Cu, are applicable.
  • the conductor 11 may be a metal layer such as Al or Cu provided on a substrate made of a dielectric material such as glass epoxy.
  • the conductor patch 12 should just be comprised with the electrically-conductive material, for example, metal plates, such as Al and Cu, are applicable.
  • the conductor patch 12 may also be constituted by a metal layer such as Al or Cu provided on a substrate made of a dielectric material such as glass epoxy.
  • the dipole element 20 also needs to have element parts 20a and 20b made of a conductive material. For example, a metal plate such as Al or Cu can be applied.
  • the element parts 20a and 20b may also be constituted by a metal layer such as Al or Cu provided on a substrate made of a dielectric material such as glass epoxy.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the antenna 1 to which the first embodiment is applied.
  • 2 (a) is a plan view of the antenna 1
  • FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the antenna 1 taken along line IIb-IIb in FIG. 2 (a)
  • FIG. 2 (c) is a diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line IIc-IIc in FIG.
  • the antenna 1 includes a reflector 10 including a conductor 11 and a plurality of conductor patches 12 and a dipole element 20.
  • the conductor 11 is a square having a side length L1.
  • the dipole element 20 is provided at a position of a distance L2 as an example of a second distance from the conductor patch 12 of the reflecting plate 10.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12 are provided at a distance L 3 as an example of a first distance from the conductor 11.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10 are configured to have a small surface area in the direction from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction.
  • the distance L4 is from the lower end in the vertical direction of the reflecting plate 10 to the center of the dipole element 20, and the distance L5 is from the upper end in the vertical direction of the reflecting plate 10 to the center of the dipole element 20.
  • the conductor 11 and the conductor patch 12 in the reflecting plate 10 are not connected.
  • the conductor 11 and the conductor patch 12 may be connected by a conductive material to form a so-called mushroom structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the plurality of conductor patches 12 and the dipole element 20 in the reflector 10 of the antenna 1 to which the first embodiment is applied.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the configuration of the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflecting plate 10
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the configuration of the dipole element 20.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10 are square conductor patches 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, and 12e whose side lengths change from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction. , 12f, 12g, 12h, 12i.
  • a plurality of conductor patches 12 having the same side length in the horizontal direction are arranged so as to be symmetric with respect to the center in the horizontal direction.
  • Conductor patch 12a has one side length L7
  • conductor patch 12b has one side length L9
  • conductor patch 12c has one side length L10
  • conductor patch 12d has one side length L11
  • conductor patch 12e has one side length L12
  • conductor patch 12f has one side length L13
  • conductor patch 12g is one side length L14
  • the conductor patch 12h is one side length L15
  • the conductor patch 12i is one side length L16.
  • the conductor patch 12 is arrange
  • the dipole element 20 has element portions 20a and 20b arranged in the vertical direction.
  • the horizontal direction of the element parts 20a and 20b is a width L17, and the whole of the element parts 20a and 20b arranged in the vertical direction is a length L19.
  • the radio wave transmitted and received by the antenna 1 is assumed to have a center wavelength ⁇ 0 (center frequency f 0 ) in free space.
  • the side length L1 of the conductor 11 of the reflector 10 is 1.3 ⁇ 0
  • the distance L2 between the conductor patch 12 and the dipole element 20 in the reflector 10 is 0.02 ⁇ 0
  • the conductor 11 and conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 L3 is 0.04 ⁇ 0
  • the distance L4 from the vertical lower end of the reflector 10 to the center of the dipole element 20 is 0.5 ⁇ 0
  • the distance L5 from the upper end to the center of the dipole element 20 is 0.8 ⁇ 0. It is.
  • Dipole elements 20, the center in the vertical direction of the reflector 10, are arranged offset to 0.15Ramuda 0 lower. This is because the tilt angle ⁇ can be increased by disposing the center of the dipole element 20 from the center of the conductor 11 to the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is small. That is, the distance between the end of the conductor patch 12 (the upper end of the conductor patch 12a in FIG. 3A) and the center of the dipole element 20 also affects the tilt angle ⁇ .
  • Side length L7 is 0.24Ramuda 0 conductor patches 12a
  • one side length L9 is 0.21Ramuda 0 conductor patches 12b
  • one side length L10 of the conductor patch 12c is 0.18 ⁇
  • one side length L11 of the conductor patch 12d is 0.15 ⁇ 0
  • the side length L12 of the conductor patch 12e is 0.13 ⁇ 0
  • the side length L13 of the conductor patch 12f is 0.1 ⁇ 0
  • the side length L14 of the conductor patch 12g is 0.07 ⁇ 0
  • the side length L15 of the conductor patch 12h is 0 .04 ⁇ 0
  • the side length L16 of the conductor patch 12i is 0.02 ⁇ 0 .
  • the horizontal interval L6 of the conductor patch 12 is 0.02 ⁇ 0
  • the width L17 of the element portions 20a and 20b of the dipole element 20 is 0.12 ⁇ 0
  • the total length L19 of the element portions 20a and 20b is 0.38 ⁇ 0 .
  • the height (distance L2 +) from the conductor 11 to the dipole element 20 in the reflector 10 is used by using the reflector 10 that is an EBG structure.
  • distance L3 becomes the 0.06 0.
  • the height of generally from conductor 11 to the dipole elements 20 is about 0.25 [lambda 0. That is, the antenna 1 to which the first embodiment is applied can be lowered in posture as compared with the case where the reflector 10 that is an EBG structure is not used.
  • the radiation direction of the main beam can be tilted (tilt angle ⁇ ) in the direction in which the area of the conductor patch 12 is large with respect to the normal direction of the reflector 10.
  • tilt angle ⁇ tilt angle
  • the conductor 11 and the conductor patch 12 are arranged depending on the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 constituting the reflecting plate 10 and the distance between the conductor patches 12.
  • the inductance and the capacitance between the conductor patches 12 are different. Therefore, the inductance or / and the capacitance is distributed by changing the surface area of the conductor patch 12 from the upper part to the lower part of the reflector 10 in the vertical direction.
  • the antenna 1 transmits radio waves
  • the direction of the main beam of the radio waves emitted from the dipole element 20 can be tilted (tilted).
  • the directivity of the antenna 1 in the vertical direction can also be controlled. The same applies to the case of receiving radio waves due to the reversibility of the antenna.
  • the antenna 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is configured such that a plurality of conductor patches 12 provided in parallel at a predetermined distance from the conductor 11, for example, all of the conductor patches 12 are changed in the vertical direction. .
  • This can be considered that the ratio of the surface area occupied by the conductor patch 12 per predetermined area so as to include the conductor patch 12 having the largest surface area changes in the vertical direction (predetermined direction).
  • the change in the surface area of the conductor patch 12 or the ratio of the surface area occupied by the conductor patch 12 may be set in accordance with the distance in the vertical direction, and the tilt angle and directivity can be controlled by the ratio of these changes.
  • the area of the conductor patch 12 is continuously changed for each piece in the vertical direction, but may be changed for each piece, and may be changed for each different number. It may be changed.
  • a predetermined distance from the conductor 11, for example, a plurality of conductor patches 12 provided in parallel are all configured to change the surface area in the vertical direction.
  • an area including a plurality of conductor patches 12 whose surface area varies in the vertical direction may be defined as an area, and the conductor patch 12 whose surface area does not vary may be provided outside the area.
  • the dipole element 20 should just be provided in the area
  • the dipole element 20 in the antenna 1 includes a pair of element portions 20a and 20b, and transmits and receives vertically polarized waves.
  • the dipole element 20 in the antenna 1 includes a pair of element portions 20a and 20b, and transmits and receives vertically polarized waves.
  • the antenna 1 in the second embodiment, in the antenna 1, four dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are used as another example of the radiating element, and in addition to the vertical polarization, a horizontal polarization orthogonal to the vertical polarization is used. Waves can be sent and received.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the overall configuration of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment is applied.
  • the configuration of the reflector 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the configuration of the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, 24 will be described later.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment is applied.
  • 5A is a plan view of the antenna 1
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the antenna 1 taken along the line Vb-Vb in FIG. 5A
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line Vc-Vc in FIG. Since it is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 except that four dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are used, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • the distance L4 is the distance from the lower end of the reflecting plate 10 in the vertical direction to the center of the dipole element 21 or the dipole element 23.
  • the distance L5 is the upper end of the reflecting plate 10 in the vertical direction of the dipole element 21 or the center of the dipole element 23.
  • the distance is up to.
  • the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 and the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 are provided at a distance L2.
  • the distance to the conductor patch 12 in the reflecting plate 10 may be different between the dipole elements 21 and 23 that are vertical polarization elements and the dipole elements 22 and 24 that are horizontal polarization elements.
  • the distance between the dipole elements 21 and 23 and the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 is an example of the second distance
  • the distance between the dipole elements 22 and 24 and the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 is the third distance. It is an example.
  • the second distance and the third distance may be the same.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the conductor patch 12 and the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 in the reflector 10 of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment is applied.
  • 6A is a diagram showing the configuration of the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the configuration of the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24.
  • FIG. The configuration of the conductor patch 12 of the reflector 10 shown in FIG. 6A is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • the four dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 will be described.
  • the element portions 21a and 21b of the dipole element 21 and the element portions 23a and 23b of the dipole element 23 are arranged in the vertical direction
  • the element portions 22a and 22b of the dipole element 22 and the element portions 24a and 24b of the dipole element 24 are arranged in the horizontal direction. Is arranged. That is, the dipole elements 21 and 23 transmit and receive vertical polarization, and the dipole elements 22 and 24 transmit and receive horizontal polarization. Therefore, the antenna 1 is shared with polarization.
  • the dipole element 21 and the dipole element 23 are referred to as a vertical polarization element, and the dipole element 22 and the dipole element 24 are referred to as a horizontal polarization element. Note that either one of the dipole elements 21 and 23 and / or one of the dipole elements 22 and 24 may be omitted.
  • the element portions 21a and 21b of the dipole element 21, the element portions 22a and 22b of the dipole element 22, the element portions 23a and 23b of the dipole element 23, and the element portions 24a and 24b of the dipole element 24 each have a width L17.
  • the entire dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 have a length L19.
  • the total length L19 is the end of each element part (element part 21a, 21b, element part 22a, 22b, element part 23a, 23b, element part 24a, 24b) of dipole element 21, 22, 23, 24. It is the length from to the end.
  • the distance between the centers of the dipole element 21 and the dipole element 23 that both transmit and receive vertically polarized waves is a distance L18.
  • the distance between the centers of the dipole element 22 and the dipole element 24 that both transmit and receive horizontal polarization is also the distance L18.
  • the element portions of the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are cut obliquely at portions that are close to each other in an L shape, such as the element portion 21a and the element portion 22b.
  • the distance between the centers of the dipole element 21 and the dipole element 23 and the distance between the centers of the dipole element 22 and the dipole element 24 are the same. The distances may be set to different distances depending on (width).
  • Each of the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, 24 is also made of a conductive material in each element part (element parts 21a, 21b, element parts 22a, 22b, element parts 23a, 23b, element parts 24a, 24b).
  • a metal plate such as Al or Cu can be applied.
  • the element portions 21a and 21b, the element portions 22a and 22b, the element portions 23a and 23b, and the element portions 24a and 24b may be metal bars such as Al and Cu, for example.
  • the element portions 21a and 21b, the element portions 22a and 22b, the element portions 23a and 23b, and the element portions 24a and 24b are made of metal layers such as Al and Cu provided on a substrate made of a dielectric material such as glass epoxy. It may be constituted by.
  • Examples of numerical values such as the side length L1 in the antenna 1 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the distance L18 between the centers of the dipole elements 22 and the dipole elements 24 for transmitting and receiving between the centers and both horizontal polarization and dipole elements 21 and the dipole elements 23 which together receive the vertical polarization is 0.42 ⁇ 0.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) and the frequency (f) dependency of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment is applied.
  • all dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are fed in the same phase.
  • vertical polarization elements dipole elements 21 and 23 in FIGS. 4 and 5
  • horizontal polarization elements Dipole elements 22 and 24 in FIGS. 4 and 5
  • the area of the conductor patch 12 is reduced from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction.
  • the radiation direction of the beam can be tilted (tilted) from the normal direction of the reflecting plate 10.
  • the reason why the tilt angle ⁇ varies depending on the frequency f is that the inductance between the conductor 11 and the conductor patch 12 and the capacitance between the conductor patches 12 have frequency dependence.
  • the second embodiment In the second embodiment, four dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are used, and polarization sharing is used so that both vertical polarization and horizontal polarization can be transmitted and received.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reflection phase difference of the reflected wave with respect to the incident wave and the distance d between the conductor patches 12 in the reflector 10 formed of the EBG structure.
  • 8A is a diagram for explaining the distance d between the conductor patches 12
  • FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining an incident wave and a reflected wave with respect to the reflector 10
  • FIG. 8C is a reflection phase difference with respect to the frequency f. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the space
  • the relationship between the reflection phase difference with respect to the frequency f and the distance d between the conductor patches 12 shown in FIG. 8C was obtained as follows. First, it is assumed that the conductor patch 12 is placed infinitely at a predetermined distance from the conductor 11 having an infinite area, for example, in parallel with an interval d (see FIG. 8A). Then, a plane wave was used as an incident wave with respect to the reflecting plate 10, and the reflection phase difference of the reflected wave with respect to the incident wave was calculated (see FIG. 8B). In FIG. 8C, the frequency f at which the reflection phase difference is 0 ° when the interval d is the smallest is shown as the center frequency f 0 .
  • the reflection phase difference is often used in the range of ⁇ 90 to 90 °.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of the overall configuration of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • the horizontal interval L6 of the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment shown in FIG. A wide interval L6 ′ is set.
  • the vertical interval L8 between the conductor patches 12 is the same as that of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6A is applied.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • the side length L1 of the conductor 11 in the reflector 10 is the same as that of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the conductor patches 12 in the reflector 10 are arranged at an interval L6 ′ whose horizontal direction is wider than the interval L6 to which the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5A is applied.
  • the conductor patch 12 is disposed so as to spread in the horizontal direction. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied and its frequency (f) dependency.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of these vertical polarization elements is close to the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element of the antenna 1 to which the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C is applied. .
  • the area of the conductor patch 12 is reduced from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction, and the horizontal direction of the conductor patch 12 is set to the interval L6 ′.
  • the interval is larger than the interval L6 to which the second embodiment is applied.
  • the horizontal direction of the conductor patch 12 in the reflecting plate 10 is set to an interval L6 ′ wider than the interval L6 from the interval L6 to which the second embodiment is applied. Same as L8.
  • the directivity of the horizontal polarization element is changed while maintaining the directivity of the vertical polarization element in the same manner as the antenna 1 of the second embodiment. That is, by setting the horizontal interval L6 and the vertical interval L8 separately, the directivity of the horizontal polarization element and the vertical polarization element can be controlled separately.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating that the center of the dipole element is shifted from the center of the reflector in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 12A shows a case where the center of the dipole element is shifted from the center of the reflector to the positive side in the vertical direction, that is, the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is large.
  • FIG. 12C shows a case where the center of the dipole element is shifted from the center of the reflector to the negative side in the vertical direction, that is, the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is small.
  • the position of the dipole element center (center of the dipole element 20) with respect to the reflector center (center of the reflector 10) is a position R
  • the position R is 0.4 ⁇ 0 in FIG. 12A and FIG. ) Is 0
  • FIG. 12C is -0.4 ⁇ 0.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the position R of the dipole element center relative to the center of the reflector and the tilt angle ⁇ .
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element and the horizontal polarization element changes with the position R.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ is positive, that is, the main beam is inclined to the positive side in the vertical direction (the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is large).
  • the tilt angle ⁇ is negative, that is, the main beam is tilted to the negative side in the vertical direction (side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is small).
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the position R of the dipole element center relative to the center of the reflector and the tilt angle ⁇ .
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element and the horizontal polarization element changes with the position R.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ is positive, that is, the main beam is inclined to the positive side in the vertical direction (the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is large).
  • the dipole element is shifted from the side where the position R is negative, that is, the side where the surface area of the conductor patch 12 is small.
  • the conductor patch 12 is not provided in a portion where the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are opposed to each other among the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10. This makes it easy to provide a power feeding circuit that feeds power to the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24.
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the fourth embodiment is applied.
  • the antenna 1 in the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is applied, of the plurality of conductor patches 12c arranged in the horizontal direction, One provided in the center of the direction is not provided.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12d arranged in the horizontal direction three provided at the center in the horizontal direction are not provided.
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12e arranged in the horizontal direction three provided at the center in the horizontal direction are not provided.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) of the antenna 1 to which the fourth embodiment is applied.
  • the radiation direction of the main beam of the vertical polarization element and the horizontal polarization element is tilted from the normal direction of the reflection plate 10 without providing the conductor patch 12 in the portion where the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are provided. (Tilt).
  • the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10 have a square surface shape.
  • the surface shape of the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10 is rectangular.
  • FIG. 16 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the fifth embodiment is applied. As shown in FIG. 16, in the antenna 1, the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is applied is changed from a square to a rectangle. Other configurations are the same as those of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) of the antenna 1 to which the fifth embodiment is applied.
  • the conductor patch 12 is a rectangle whose horizontal direction is longer than the vertical direction, but may be a rectangle whose horizontal direction is shorter than the vertical direction.
  • the surface shape of the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflector 10 is circular.
  • FIG. 18 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the sixth embodiment is applied.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is applied is changed from a square to a circle.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) of the antenna 1 to which the sixth embodiment is applied.
  • the radiation direction of the main beam of the vertical polarization element and the horizontal polarization element can be tilted (tilted) from the normal direction of the reflector 10.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 may be an ellipse.
  • the surface shape of the plurality of conductor patches 12 of the reflecting plate 10 is a square having the same surface area, and the vertical interval is changed.
  • FIG. 20 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the seventh embodiment is applied.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 is a square having the same surface area. Then, the conductor patch 12 is arranged with intervals L81, L82, L83, L84, L85, L86 from the lower part to the upper part in the vertical direction and gradually narrowed (L81>L82>L83>L84>L85> L86). ). Other configurations are the same as those of the antenna 1 to which the third embodiment is applied.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the directivity in the vertical direction (in the vertical plane) of the antenna 1 to which the seventh embodiment is applied.
  • the radiation directions of the main beams of the vertical polarization element and the horizontal polarization element are inclined from the normal direction of the reflector 10. (Tilt).
  • the dipole element 20 is used in the antenna 1, and the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are used in the antenna 1 in the second to seventh embodiments.
  • the antenna 1 uses a patch element which is still another example of a radiating element, and is combined with the reflector 10 to form a patch antenna.
  • FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing an example of the overall configuration of the antenna 1 to which the eighth embodiment is applied.
  • the patch element 25 includes a patch portion 25a and a power feeding portion 25b. Power is supplied from the back side of the reflector 10 to the power supply unit 25b.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the antenna 1 to which the first exemplary embodiment is applied, and thus the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • the surface area of the conductor patch 12 in the reflector 10 is changed in the vertical direction.
  • the surface area of the conductor patch 12 in the reflecting plate 10 changes not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing an example of the overall configuration of the antenna 1 to which the ninth embodiment is applied.
  • a direction along one side of the reflecting plate 10 is the x direction (vertical direction), and a direction orthogonal to one side (rightward direction on the paper surface).
  • the direction perpendicular to the reflecting plate 10 is taken as the z direction.
  • a direction between the x direction and the y direction is defined as a ⁇ 45 ° direction.
  • the conductor patch 12 is arranged so that the surface area becomes smaller as it goes in the x direction, and the surface area becomes smaller as it goes in the y direction.
  • a conductor patch 12 is disposed. That is, the conductor patch 12 having a small surface area is arranged in two directions, the x direction and the y direction.
  • Other configurations such as the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24 are the same as those in the second embodiment, and thus the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 24 is a plan view of the antenna 1 to which the ninth embodiment is applied.
  • the conductor patch 12 in the reflecting plate 10 is provided with a conductor patch 12 having a small surface area along the x direction and the y direction.
  • the spacing between the conductor patches 12 is also increased along the x direction and the y direction. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating the directivity of the vertical polarization element of the antenna 1 to which the ninth embodiment is applied.
  • 25 (a) shows the directivity of the vertical polarization element in the xz plane
  • FIG. 25 (b) shows the directivity of the vertical polarization element in the yz plane
  • FIG. 25 (c) shows ⁇ This is the directivity of the vertical polarization element in the 45 ° -z plane.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element of the antenna 1 is 10.3 ° in the ⁇ x direction, that is, the direction in which the surface area of the conductor patch 12 increases. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element of the antenna 1 is 5.8 ° in the ⁇ y direction, that is, the direction in which the surface area of the conductor patch 12 increases. As shown in (c), the tilt angle ⁇ of the vertical polarization element of the antenna 1 is 10.3 ° in the ⁇ 45 ° direction.
  • the surface area of the conductor patch 12 that is, the ratio of the surface area occupied by the conductor patch 12 per predetermined area so as to include the conductor patch 12 having the largest surface area is changed in a plurality of directions in advance.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ and directivity of the main beam can be set in a predetermined direction.
  • patch element 25 described in the eighth embodiment may be used in place of the dipole elements 21, 22, 23, and 24.
  • the distance between the conductor 11 and the conductor patch 12 depends on the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 constituting the reflector 10 and the distance between the conductor patches 12.
  • the inductance and the capacitance between the conductor patches 12 change. Therefore, the reflector 10 has a distribution of inductance and / or capacitance, so that the reflector 10 for the main beam of radio waves transmitted and received by the radiating elements (dipole elements 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, patch element 25) is transmitted. It is possible to control the tilt angle ⁇ and the directivity with respect to the normal direction. Note that the tilt angle ⁇ and directivity can be set by the surface shape, area, interval, etc. of the conductor patch 12.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 is square, and in the fifth embodiment, the conductor patch 12 is used.
  • the surface shape of was made rectangular.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 is circular.
  • the surface shape of the conductor patch 12 may be a polygon or a shape surrounded by a curve. Furthermore, the shape enclosed by the straight line and the curve may be sufficient.
  • the radio waves can be transmitted and received in the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization.
  • the radiating element dipole elements 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  • the radiating element may be rotated by 45 ° around the center thereof.
  • a parasitic element around the radiation element (dipole elements 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, patch element 25) in the antenna 1 and / or far from the conductor 11 is provided. May be provided.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une antenne discrète (1) apte à transmettre et recevoir des ondes radio dans une direction inclinée par rapport à une direction perpendiculaire à une plaque réfléchissante, et comprenant : une plaque réfléchissante (10) comprenant un conducteur (11) fait d'un matériau conducteur, et une pluralité de pastilles conductrices (12) faites d'un matériau conducteur et agencées à une distance prédéterminée du conducteur (11) dans une sens perpendiculaire à un plan comprenant le conducteur (11); et un élément formant dipôle (20) disposé à une autre distance prédéterminée de la pluralité de pastilles conductrices (12) dans un sens perpendiculaire au plan comprenant le conducteur (11). Lesdites pastilles conductrices (12) comprennent respectivement des régions orientées vers le conducteur (11) présentant des aires dont le rapport à une aire prédéterminée varie dans un sens prédéterminé.
PCT/JP2015/051283 2014-01-21 2015-01-19 Antenne WO2015111557A1 (fr)

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JP2017112460A (ja) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ アンテナ装置
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JP6970051B2 (ja) * 2018-04-05 2021-11-24 株式会社Soken 反射低減装置
KR102107023B1 (ko) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-07 삼성전기주식회사 안테나 장치 및 안테나 모듈
KR102114632B1 (ko) * 2019-03-26 2020-05-25 홍익대학교 산학협력단 소스 재배치를 이용한 빔조향 멀티빔 고이득 안테나 설계 장치
JP7325303B2 (ja) * 2019-11-08 2023-08-14 加賀Ｆｅｉ株式会社 無線モジュール
WO2023181120A1 (fr) * 2022-03-22 2023-09-28 日本電気株式会社 Système de commande d'ondes radio, dispositif de commande, procédé de commande d'ondes radio et support lisible par ordinateur non transitoire

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JP2015139063A (ja) 2015-07-30
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CN106415928B (zh) 2019-06-11

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