WO2015101099A1 - 一种骨内固定植入物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种骨内固定植入物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2015101099A1
WO2015101099A1 PCT/CN2014/090076 CN2014090076W WO2015101099A1 WO 2015101099 A1 WO2015101099 A1 WO 2015101099A1 CN 2014090076 W CN2014090076 W CN 2014090076W WO 2015101099 A1 WO2015101099 A1 WO 2015101099A1
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drug
layer
fixation implant
internal fixation
implant according
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PCT/CN2014/090076
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English (en)
French (fr)
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耿芳
张隽
潘礼存
林忠
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苏州海欧斯医疗器械有限公司
上海微创骨科医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2015101099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015101099A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
    • A61L31/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
    • A61L2300/406—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
    • A61L2420/08—Coatings comprising two or more layers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medical devices.
  • the present invention relates to an intraosseous implant and a method of making the same.
  • Conventional bone internal fixation implants are generally made of a metal alloy that is rigid and strong, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, and the like. Metals have good biocompatibility and high strength and fatigue resistance. However, these common metals are not degradable and absorbable. After the fixation of the bone and the healing of the fracture, a second operation is required to take it out. At the same time, there is a metal elastic modulus much higher than the elastic modulus of the bone, which will destroy the normal stress environment of human bone healing, and the stress shielding effect will not only hinder the rapid formation of the epiphysis in the fracture site, but also lead to osteoporosis and the like. Symptoms, when severe, can cause further fractures. In addition, implanting metal instruments can affect patients with CT or MRI, which affects the quality of surgery.
  • Absorbable polymer materials such as polyglycolide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, etc.
  • the intramedullary fixation member prepared by such a polymer material can function as a traditional intraosseous fixation member in a position where the human bone is not bearing, and the bone internal fixation implant can be degraded and absorbed by the human body as the fracture is healed. No need for a second surgery.
  • the elastic modulus is closer to the human body's skeletal elastic modulus, which is conducive to fracture healing, and does not affect the patient's CT or MRI examination.
  • the absorbing polymer material has a very strong plasticity, so that it can be arbitrarily shaped and reshaped according to different parts of use, and can be "seamlessly" bonded to the desired part after shaping.
  • the local drug delivery system can reach hundreds of times the bactericidal concentration in a short period of time and maintain a certain concentration for a predetermined period of time.
  • the application prospects are extremely promising in open trauma surgery, secondary surgery due to infection, surgery for multiple trauma patients, and patients with poor physical weakness and other highly susceptible orthopedic surgery.
  • the present invention provides a novel antibacterial bone internal fixation implant.
  • the antibacterial drug coating is prepared on the surface of the absorbable bone fixation implant to achieve dual functions of fixation and antibacterial.
  • the antibacterial coating is a double layer, which can effectively achieve rapid release in the early stage and maintain the effect of long-term sustained release of drugs.
  • the present invention provides an intraosseous implant having a biodegradable polymer material as a matrix, the surface of which is loaded with a drug coating.
  • the drug coating has a two-layer structure, and the first layer (bottom layer) close to the substrate is a sustained release drug layer to maintain a long-term sustained release drug effect; the second layer (surface layer) on the outer surface of the first layer is immediate release.
  • a hydrophilic layer to effectively achieve rapid release in the early stage.
  • the material of the matrix comprises an absorbable matrix material commonly used in orthopedic implants, in particular a degradable polymeric material, preferably polyglycolide, polylactic acid and/or polycaprolactone.
  • the sustained release drug layer comprises a drug carrier and a drug, preferably a mass ratio of the drug carrier to the drug of from 10:1 to 1:1, including any numerical point within the range.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier comprises a degradable substance known in the medical field for achieving sustained release
  • the polymer material particularly a degradable polylactic acid polymer material known in the medical field, is preferably polylactic acid, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, etc., more preferably polylactic acid, and particularly preferably polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000-30,000.
  • the weight average molecular weight range includes any numerical point within the range.
  • the medicament is an antibacterial agent, preferably an antibiotic, in particular an aminoglycoside antibiotic, such as gentamicin, tobramycin, etc.; or a polypeptide antibiotic, such as vancomycin; or a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, For example, ciprofloxacin or the like; and a complex of any one or more of the drugs.
  • an antibiotic in particular an aminoglycoside antibiotic, such as gentamicin, tobramycin, etc.
  • a polypeptide antibiotic such as vancomycin
  • a fluoroquinolone antibiotic For example, ciprofloxacin or the like
  • the drug is selected according to different indications.
  • the immediate release hydrophilic layer comprises a hydrophilic carrier and a drug, preferably a mass ratio of the drug to the hydrophilic carrier of from 1:10 to 3:1, including any numerical point within the range.
  • the hydrophilic carrier is selected from hydrophilic carriers known in the medical field for achieving rapid release, such as gelatin, hyaluronic acid or chitosan, and preferably hyaluronic acid.
  • the sustained release drug layer has a drug loading of 1.0 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 .
  • the drug loading can be adjusted according to the coating structure to achieve the purpose of maintaining the drug's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the vicinity of the tissue within 1-6 months.
  • the sustained release drug layer has a thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the sustained release drug layer can be adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art.
  • the immediate release hydrophilic layer has a drug loading of 1.0 to 6.0 mg/cm 2 .
  • the drug loading amount can be adjusted according to the coating structure to achieve the purpose of releasing the amount of MIC more than one hundred times in 1-3 days.
  • the immediate release hydrophilic layer has a thickness of from 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the immediate release hydrophilic layer can be adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing an intraosseous implant, comprising the following steps:
  • spraying the antibiotic coating on the surface of the absorbable bone fixation implant substrate comprises a first layer spray and a second layer spray.
  • the first layer spraying is spraying the spray liquid formed by mixing the drug carrier and the drug onto the surface of the substrate, including the atomization pressure 10-12.5 psi, the spraying time 20-50 s, the interval time 3-5 min, and the spraying times 10 -25 times.
  • the second layer is sprayed by spraying a spray solution formed by mixing a hydrophilic carrier with a drug onto the substrate.
  • dip coating is similar to spray coating, wherein the dip coating residence time is 1-3 s, the dip coating rate is 0.5-50 mm/min, the dip coating times are 1-5 times, and the interval time is 3-30 min.
  • the spraying or dip coating is completely completed, it is dried in a vacuum drying oven until the sample is constant weight.
  • the drug release cycle can be adjusted according to the different coating structure, and the release amount reaches more than 100 times of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within 1-3 days, effectively achieving the killing effect of a large number of bacteria at the beginning, especially for the removal of bacterial biofilm, and It can maintain more than the drug MIC concentration in the vicinity of the tissue within 1-6 months, and maintain long-term effective antibacterial effect.
  • Different release rate antimicrobial products can also be prepared by adjusting the coating carrier and drug content, and selecting different product types, including bone plates, nails, rods, etc., depending on the indication.
  • the bone internal fixation implant of the invention has the triple function of antibacterial, absorbable and fixed.
  • the antibacterial drug coating is prepared on the surface of the absorbable bone internal fixation implant, and the antibacterial coating is double-layered, and the bonding strength is high, which can effectively realize the rapid release in the early stage and maintain the long-term sustained release drug effect.
  • Antibacterial coating can release anti-resistance In the tissue near the implant, the local concentration can reach the minimum inhibitory concentration of hundreds to thousands of times effective sterilization, eliminate infection, and control within the scope of toxicity, does not affect fracture healing.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing the effect of an antibacterial absorbable bone plate.
  • Figure 2 shows a comparison of the antibacterial effect of the absorbable bone plate before and after the coating.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the sample coating structure.
  • An absorbable bar is prepared by molding techniques and then machined into bone nails. Prepare a mixed solution of polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and vancomycin (the mass ratio of PLGA to vancomycin is 10:1), and put it into the spraying test machine spray paint can to be sprayed to the previous process. On the bone plate, the atomization pressure was 11 psi, the spraying time was 40 s, the interval time was 5 min, and the spraying time was 12 times.
  • PLGA polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer
  • vancomycin the mass ratio of PLGA to vancomycin is 10:1
  • the second layer (surface layer) is to prepare a quick release hydrophilic layer
  • the carrier uses hyaluronic acid, and is equipped with a hyaluronic acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.1%, the mass ratio of the drug to the hyaluronic acid is 1:10, the spraying atomization pressure is 11 psi, and the spraying is performed. Time 30s, interval 4min, spray times 10 times. After spraying, dry in a vacuum oven until the sample is constant weight.
  • the absorbable sheet is prepared by molding and then machined into a small four-hole bone plate (as shown in Figure 2). Preparing a mixed solution of polylactic acid and gentamicin (the ratio of polylactic acid to gentamicin is 2:1), It was sprayed into the spray paint tank of the spray test machine and sprayed onto the bone plate prepared by the previous process.
  • the atomization pressure was 10 psi
  • the spraying time was 20 s
  • the interval time was 3 min
  • the spraying times were 10 times.
  • the second layer (surface layer) is to prepare a quick release hydrophilic layer
  • the carrier uses hyaluronic acid, and is equipped with a hyaluronic acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.1%, the mass ratio of the drug to the hyaluronic acid is 1:10, the spraying atomization pressure is 11 psi, and the spraying is performed. Time 30s, interval 4min, spray times 15 times. After spraying, it was dried in a vacuum oven for 3 days until the sample was constant weight.
  • the absorbable screw was prepared by injection molding technology, and then a mixed solution of polylactic acid and tobramycin (the ratio of polylactic acid to tobramycin was 3:1) was prepared, and it was sprayed into the spray paint tank of the spray test machine to be sprayed to the previous process.
  • the atomization pressure is 12 psi
  • the spraying time is 20 s
  • the interval time is 5 min
  • the spraying times are 15 times.
  • the second layer (surface layer) is prepared by rapidly releasing a hydrophilic layer
  • the carrier is made of gelatin
  • a gelatin aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.15% is prepared.
  • the mass ratio of the drug to the gelatin is 1:10, and the dip coating process is used, and the dipping time is 3 s.
  • the coating rate was 20 mm/min
  • the number of dip coating was 3 times
  • the interval time was 30 min. After the dip coating was completed, it was dried in a vacuum drying oven for 3 days until the sample was constant weight.
  • the absorbable bone plate of the invention has an antibacterial coating on the surface thereof, can effectively release the drug and realize the antibacterial function.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing the effect of an antibacterial absorbable bone plate.
  • Fig. 2 is a comparison diagram of the antibacterial effect of the absorbable bone plate of the present invention before and after the coating, using the Staphylococcus aureus for the antibacterial experiment.
  • the experimental results show that the antibacterial effect of the drug-coated coating on the right side of the absorbable bone plate is obvious, and a large inhibition zone appears, while the left unloaded bone plate is covered with Staphylococcus aureus.

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Abstract

一种骨内固定植入物及其制备方法。该骨内固定植入物以生物可降解高分子材料为基体，基体表面载有药物涂层，所述药物涂层为双层结构，靠近基体的第一层为缓释药物层，在第一层外表的第二层为速释亲水层。该骨内固定植入物具有抗菌、可吸收、固定三重功能。

Description

一种骨内固定植入物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域。具体而言，本发明涉及一种骨内固定植入物及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的骨内固定植入物一般由刚性和强度较高的金属合金制成，如不锈钢、钛合金等。金属具有良好的生物相容性和高的强度及抗疲劳性能。但这些常用金属不可降解吸收，在接骨固定、骨折愈合后，需要进行二次手术将其取出。同时，还存在金属弹性模量远高于骨骼的弹性模量，会破坏人体骨骼愈合的正常应力环境，出现应力遮挡效应，不仅阻碍骨折部位骨痂的快速形成，还会导致骨质疏松等并发症，严重时还会造成再骨折。另外，植入金属器械会影响患者进行CT或MRI等检查，从而影响手术质量。
可吸收高分子材料如聚乙交酯、聚乳酸、聚己内酯等，由于具有良好的生物相容性及可降解性而被广泛应用。此类高分子材料制备的骨内固定件在人体骨骼不承力位置可起到传统骨内固定件的作用，而且随着骨折的愈合，此类骨内固定植入物可降解被人体吸收，无需二次手术取出。而且，弹性模量更接近人体骨骼弹性模量，有利于骨折愈合，也不会影响患者进行CT或MRI等检查。此外，可吸收高分子材料具有十分强大的可塑性，使其可以根据不同的使用部位任意塑形并可重复塑形使用，且塑形后可与所需部位“无缝”贴合。
然而，无论是金属还是高分子可降解材料，骨科植入手术术后都存在一定比例的感染病例，特别是对于如开放性骨折细菌感染的发病率据报道高达30％。而对于治疗植入相关的感染来说是一个昂贵的、持久的同时也 是十分具有挑战性的过程。最常见的治疗方法包括长期的抗生素药物治疗以及二次手术取出所有植入物。当然，在实际的临床运用中，对于预防感染普遍采用全身药物摄入的方式，但由于术后手术区域血运不佳，很难在相应区域形成有效杀菌药物浓度。因此，局部抑菌缓释系统得到重视。局部药物缓释系统能在短时间内达到杀菌浓度的成百上千倍，并维持一定浓度到预定的时间。在开放性创伤手术、因感染造成的二次手术、多发伤患者手术、体质虚弱抵抗力差的患者等极易感染的骨科手术中应用前景巨大。
由此可见，骨内固定植入物有两个关键问题，一个是材料，可吸收材料的使用是骨科内植入物的发展趋势；另一个是植入物的感染问题。骨科内固定植入物植入体内后，发生感染的可能性存在一定的比例，尤其是开放性骨内固定植入物手术感染率高达30％。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种新型抗菌骨内固定植入物。在可吸收骨内固定植入物表面制备抗菌药物涂层，实现固定和抗菌双重功能。抗菌涂层为双层，可有效实现前期快速释放并可保持长期缓释药物效果。
本发明提供一种骨内固定植入物，其以生物可降解高分子材料为基体，所述基体的表面载有药物涂层。
根据本发明，药物涂层为双层结构，靠近基体的第一层(底层)为缓释药物层，以保持长期缓释药物效果；在第一层外表的第二层(表层)为速释亲水层，以有效实现前期快速释放。
根据本发明，基体的材料包括骨科植入物中常用的可吸收的基体材料，特别是可降解的高分子材料，优选聚乙交酯、聚乳酸和/或聚己内酯等。
根据本发明，缓释药物层包括药物载体和药物，优选药物载体与药物的质量比为10：1-1：1，包括该范围内的任何数值点。
根据本发明，药物载体包括医药领域公知的可实现缓释目的的可降解 高分子材料，特别是医药领域公知的可降解的聚乳酸类高分子材料，优选聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物等，更优选聚乳酸，特别优选重均分子量为20,000-30,000的聚乳酸，所述重均分子量范围包括该范围内的任何数值点。
根据本发明，所述药物为抗菌药物，优选抗生素，具体是氨基糖苷类抗生素，例如庆大霉素、妥布霉素等；或多肽类抗生素，例如万古霉素等；或氟喹诺酮类抗菌素，例如环丙沙星等；以及所述药物的任一种或多种的复合。所述药物根据不同适应症进行选择。
根据本发明，速释亲水层包括亲水性载体和药物，优选药物与亲水性载体的质量比为1:10-3:1，包括该范围内的任何数值点。
根据本发明，亲水性载体选自医药领域公知的可实现快速释放目的的亲水性载体，如明胶、透明质酸或壳聚糖等，优选透明质酸。
根据本发明，缓释药物层的载药量为1.0-3.0mg/cm2。可根据涂层结构不同调整所述载药量，以达到能在1-6个月内保持组织附近产生超过药物最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的目的。
根据本发明，缓释药物层的厚度为10-50μm。所述缓释药物层的厚度可由本领域技术人员根据需要进行调整。
根据本发明，所述速释亲水层的载药量为1.0-6.0mg/cm2。可根据涂层结构不同调整所述载药量，以达到在1-3天内释放量达到MIC的百倍以上的目的。
根据本发明，速释亲水层的厚度为5-30μm。所述速释亲水层的厚度可由本领域技术人员根据需要进行调整。
本发明还提供一种骨内固定植入物的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
1)采用模压技术制备高强、高韧、可吸收、生物可降解高分子的板材或棒材等，然后机加工成基体(包括板、钉、棒和其它类型)；或采用注塑技 术制备基体；
2)制备含药物和药物载体(抗生素与可降解高分子材料、明胶、透明质酸等混合)的混合溶液；
3)使用雾化喷涂机，在基体表面喷涂所述混合溶液，或者采用浸涂工艺将所述基体浸在混合溶液中。
根据本发明，在可吸收骨内固定植入物基体表面喷涂载抗生素涂层包括第一层喷涂和第二层喷涂。
根据本发明，第一层喷涂是将药物载体与药物混合后形成的喷涂液喷涂到基体表面上，包括雾化压力10-12.5psi，喷涂时间20-50s，间隔时间3-5min，喷涂次数10-25次。
根据本发明，第二层喷涂是将亲水性载体与药物混合后形成的喷涂液喷涂到底层上。
根据本发明，浸涂与喷涂类似，其中浸涂停留时间为1-3s，浸涂速率为0.5-50mm/min，浸涂次数为1-5次，间隔时间为3-30min。
根据本发明，喷涂或浸涂全部完成后，在真空干燥箱下烘干，直至样品恒重。
由于药物载体与基体材料性能接近，涂层结合强度高。药物释放周期可根据涂层结构不同调整，在1-3天内释放量达到最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的百倍以上，有效实现初期大量细菌的杀灭作用，尤其是对于细菌生物膜的去除，并能在1-6个月内保持组织附近产生超过药物MIC浓度，保持长期有效的抗菌作用。也可通过调整涂层载体和药物含量制备不同释放速率抗菌产品，并且根据不同适应症选择不同产品类型，包括骨板、钉、棒等。
本发明的骨内固定植入物具有抗菌、可吸收、固定三重功能。在可吸收骨内固定植入物表面制备抗菌药物涂层，抗菌涂层为双层，结合强度高，可有效实现前期快速释放并可保持长期缓释药物效果。抗菌涂层能释放抗 菌药物在植入物附近的组织，局部浓度可达到最小抑菌浓度的成百至上千倍有效杀菌，消除感染，又控制在毒性反应范围内，不影响骨折愈合。
附图说明
图1为抗菌可吸收骨板效果图。
图2示出可吸收骨板在涂层前后的抗菌效果对比。
图3为样品涂层结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选方案进行描述。这些描述只是举例说明本发明骨内固定植入物及其制备方法的特征和优点，而非限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
采用模压技术制备可吸收棒材，然后机加工成骨钉。制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)与万古霉素的混合溶液(PLGA与万古霉素的质量比例为10：1)，装入喷涂试验机喷涂料罐中喷涂到前道工序制备好的骨板上，雾化压力11psi，喷涂时间40s，间隔时间5min，喷涂次数12次。第二层(表层)是制备快速释放亲水层，载体使用透明质酸，配备浓度为0.1％的透明质酸水溶液，药物与透明质酸质量比例为1:10，喷涂雾化压力11psi，喷涂时间30s，间隔时间4min，喷涂次数10次。喷涂完成后在真空干燥箱下烘干，至样品恒重。
实施例2
采用模压技术制备可吸收板材，然后机加工成小型四孔骨板(如图2所示)。制备聚乳酸与庆大霉素的混合溶液(聚乳酸与庆大霉素比例为2：1)， 装入喷涂试验机喷涂料罐中喷涂到前道工序制备好的骨板上，雾化压力10psi，喷涂时间20s，间隔时间3min，喷涂次数10次。第二层(表层)是制备快速释放亲水层，载体使用透明质酸，配备浓度为0.1％的透明质酸水溶液，药物与透明质酸质量比例为1:10，喷涂雾化压力11psi，喷涂时间30s，间隔时间4min，喷涂次数15次。喷涂完成后在真空干燥箱下烘干3天，至样品恒重。
实施例3
采用注塑技术制备可吸收螺钉，然后制备聚乳酸与妥布霉素的混合溶液(聚乳酸与妥布霉素比例为3：1)，装入喷涂试验机喷涂料罐中喷涂到前道工序制备好的骨钉上，雾化压力12psi，喷涂时间20s，间隔时间5min，喷涂次数15次。第二层(表层)是制备快速释放亲水层，载体使用明胶，配备浓度为0.15％的明胶水溶液，药物与明胶质量比例为1:10，采用浸涂工艺，浸涂停留时间为3s，浸涂速率为20mm/min，浸涂次数为3次，间隔时间为30min，浸涂完成后在真空干燥箱下烘干3天，至样品恒重。
效果例
本发明的可吸收骨板，其表面具抗菌涂层，能有效释放药物并实现抗菌功能。
图1为抗菌可吸收骨板效果图。
图2为本发明的可吸收骨板在涂层前后的抗菌效果对照图，使用金黄色葡萄球菌进行抗菌实验。实验结果表明，右边的可吸收骨板制备载药涂层后抗菌效果明显，出现大的抑菌圈，而左边的未载药骨板周围长满了金黄色葡萄球菌。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出， 对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明的骨内固定植入物及其制备方法进行若干改进和修饰，但这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求请求保护的范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，以生物可降解高分子材料为基体，所述基体的表面载有药物涂层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述药物涂层为双层结构，包括第一层和第二层，靠近基体的所述第一层为缓释药物层，所述第二层为速释亲水层，位于所述第一层的外部。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述基体的材料为可降解高分子材料。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述可降解高分子材料为聚乙交酯、聚乳酸和/或聚己内酯。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述缓释药物层包括药物载体和药物，其中所述药物载体与所述药物的质量比范围为10:1-1:1。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述药物载体为聚乳酸、聚乙交酯、聚乳酸和/或聚己内酯的可降解高分子材料。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述聚乳酸的重均分子量范围为20,000-30,000。
  8. 如权利要求5-7中任一项所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述药物为抗生素。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述药物为氨基糖苷类抗生素、多肽类抗生素及氟喹诺酮类抗菌素中的任一种或多种的组合物。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述药物为庆大霉素、妥布霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星中的任一种或多种的组合物。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述速释亲水层包括亲水性载体和药物，其中所述药物与所述亲水性载体的质量比范围为1:10-3:1。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述亲水性载体选自明胶、透明质酸或壳聚糖。
  13. 如权利要求2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述缓释药物层的载药量为1.0-3.0mg/cm2。
  14. 如权利要求2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述缓释药物层的厚度为10-50μm。
  15. 如权利要求2所述的骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述速释亲水层的载药量为1.0-6.0mg/cm2。
  16. 如权利要求2所述的收骨内固定植入物，其特征在于，所述速释亲水层的厚度为5-30μm。
  17. 一种如权利要求1所述的骨内固定植入物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
    1)制备生物可降解高分子的板材或棒材，加工成所述基体；
    2)制备含药物载体和药物的混合溶液；
    3)在所述基体的表面喷涂所述混合溶液，或者在所述基体的表面浸涂所述混合溶液。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)包括采用模压技术或注塑技术制备所述基体。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    4)制备含亲水性载体和药物的亲水溶液；
    5)在所述基体表面喷涂所述亲水溶液，或者在所述基体表面浸涂所述亲水溶液。
  20. 如权利要求17或19所述的制备方法，其特征在于，喷涂的雾化压力10-12.5psi，喷涂时间20-50s，间隔时间3-5min，喷涂次数10-25次；浸涂停留时间为1-3s，浸涂速率为0.5-50mm/min，浸涂次数为1-5次，间隔时间为3-30min。
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