WO2015096669A1

WO2015096669A1 - Soil condition improving device

Info

Publication number: WO2015096669A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/094394
Authority: WO
Inventors: 卡尔·查尔斯·斯蒂芬; 陈文岳; 李凡; 李春楠; 宋亮; 石江; 许亚俊
Original assignee: 杭州市农业科学研究院; 卡尔·查尔斯·斯蒂芬
Priority date: 2013-12-23
Filing date: 2014-12-19
Publication date: 2015-07-02
Also published as: CN103733756A; CN103733756B

Abstract

A soil condition improving device comprises a hollow annular body (1). A plurality of raised-ridge elements (2) is disposed on the periphery of the hollow annular body (1). Each raised-ridge element (2) outward extends to form multiple raised peaks (3) disposed at intervals, and the raised peak (3) can extend into a pit (8) when the pit is formed by using the raised-ridge element (2) on a soil surface, so as to further form a concave hole (6), and the concave hole (6) can enable the soil surface not to be compacted, further facilitating keeping of water permeability of the soil. When the soil condition improving device rolls on the soil surface, the raised-ridge elements (2) form a series of reinforced hull-shaped pits (8) on the soil surface, and the raised peaks are further pressed at the bottom of the pits to form a series of small tapered concave holes (6), so as to prevent surfaces of the outer edges of the raised-ridge elements (2) from compacting the soil. By using the device, the soil can be reinforced but are not compacted, a soil surface area can be increased, a soil temperature can be improved, soil permeability can be enhanced, water utilization can be improved, the crop growth can be promoted, and the production gain can be improved on the basis of effectively preventing water and soil loss.

Description

Soil condition improving device

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil condition improving device, which comprises increasing soil temperature, increasing soil moisture and reducing soil erosion.

Background technique

In the traditional farming method, the soil is usually in a loose state through production processes such as tillage, sowing, fertilization and harvesting. Thus, soil moisture is easily generated and soil erosion is exacerbated. Therefore, it is necessary to improve soil permeability and water storage capacity in a certain way, thereby effectively reducing soil erosion. At the same time, if you can solve the problems of water retention, seeding production and soil erosion reduction, you will get twice the result with half the effort.

Usually, people solve the problem of soil erosion and surface water utilization by compacting soil, building water or using water storage, including using mechanical compaction of soil into pits, such as excavation (or shovel), covering Printing (or embossing) method; using equipment to establish irrigation pits or reservoirs on the surface of the soil, such as furrow irrigation and shovel. However, these methods only temporarily store moisture on the surface of the soil, and do not really improve the permeability of the soil. Therefore, it is impossible to effectively use surface moisture, and it is impossible to actually reduce soil erosion. At the same time, although some mechanical devices can accomplish the task of single water conservation and soil conservation, there has not been a device that can simultaneously reduce surface runoff and soil erosion, improve soil temperature and humidity, and increase crop yield and production yield. .

For example, the rolling roller device uses a driving machine to generate a series of pits on the surface of the soil by its own weight (or loading load) by linearly moving, thereby storing surface moisture and reducing soil erosion, although there is a certain storage. The effect, but because the soil is compacted, the soil surface is sealed, which not only improves the degree of soil consolidation, but also reduces the permeability of the soil. Therefore, it not only prevents soil erosion, but also reduces the water supply to the roots of the crop. Affect the healthy growth of crops. Recently, although people have reduced the weight of the crushing device, they still affect the water absorption properties of the soil.

Another example is the method and device for building water, which is completed by digging soil, excavating earth or bauxite, and cultivating the surface soil to form a water storage pit or a water storage tank. This method does not produce on the soil surface. Compaction and attempt to use the loose state of the topsoil to promote the improvement of soil permeability. However, in fact, when the flowing water is injected into the soft soil, the soil particles on the side wall of the dike and the surface of the soil are washed and deposited in the pit. At the end, these soil particles will seal the bottom of the pit, thus affecting the permeability of the soil. At the same time, in the case of rain, the loose soil is more easily eroded by rainwater, resulting in soil erosion.

Another example is the no-tillage method (also known as conservation tillage), which is defined as: “covering the surface with a large amount of straw residue, reducing the cultivation to as long as the seed can be germinated, mainly using pesticides to control weeds and pests. Technology.”) is a new farming technique relative to traditional sowing. Although this method protects the surface of the soil, it also increases the difficulty of weed control. It usually requires the use of a large amount of herbicide, which not only increases the cost but also pollutes the environment. At the same time, because the residual surface of the crop remains on the surface of the soil, on the one hand, it will affect the heating and drying process of the soil, on the other hand, it will affect the seed germination and seedling growth. The most important point is that due to insufficient tillage, this method will affect the permeability of the soil and hinder the seepage of water into the deep soil and aquifer, so that soil erosion cannot be effectively prevented.

So far, there are related patent applications, in which two patents in the United States are the latest application technology and research and development products.

The water storage tillage system (U.S. Patent No. 5,628,372 A) is an agricultural machine having a series of multi-faceted peripheral ridge elements which are formed by the vertical impact of the ridge elements on the soil surface to form pits. To maintain the role of water and soil. However, on the one hand, the outer edge of the ridge element is flattened, and the soil at the bottom of the roller is easily compacted, which affects the permeability of the soil; on the other hand, the flat outer edge is easy to stick to the soil, and when the soil is dropped, it is possible The fine particles are filled into the pits to seal the bottom of the pit, thereby further affecting the water absorption performance of the soil.

A soil conditioning device (U.S. Patent No. 7,747,864 B2) is an agricultural machine having a series of bow-shaped peripheral ridge elements that produce a series of reinforced bow-shaped dimples and optional when the device rolls over the soil surface. The sputum structure increases soil permeability and reduces soil erosion. Although, this patented technology improves the material of the roller device (using lightweight, high hardness, tough material) and the shape of the ridge element (front and rear bow shape) to reduce the vertical surface generated on the soil surface. Pressure, and attempts to increase the surface area of the soil and increase the permeability of the soil when the soil flows through and around the surface of each component. However, on the one hand, the outer edge of the bow-shaped ridge element still exerts vertical pressure on the soil surface. At the same time, due to the small land area, the relative pressure is large, and the soil at the bottom of the pit is compressed to a higher degree, thus affecting Porosity and water permeability; on the other hand, the bow-shaped pit formed on the soil surface is too dense The thickness of some of the pit walls is insufficient and it is easy to collapse, especially in the sandy soil, which is more obvious, and the shape of the adjacent crucible cannot be maintained for a long time, thereby affecting the function of the device.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a soil condition improving device, which can strengthen the soil without compacting the soil, can also increase the soil surface area and increase the soil temperature on the basis of effectively preventing soil erosion; increase soil permeability and increase moisture Utilization; promote crop growth and increase production yield.

A soil condition improving device comprises a hollow annular body, and a plurality of ridge elements are arranged around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body; each of the ridge elements extends outwardly with a plurality of spaced peaks.

The ridge member of the soil condition improving device gradually decreases in thickness from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body in the radial direction. Relative to the center of the hollow annular body, the ridge element extends outwardly and thinner, which can provide greater pressure locally when rolling the soil surface, making the improved device easier to form pits on the soil surface, avoiding Some hard soil surfaces cannot be rolled or pressed down.

The invention further comprises a plurality of peaks in addition to the ridge elements. When the soil condition improving device rolls over the soil surface, the ridge elements form a series of reinforced hull-shaped pits on the soil surface, and the peaks are further at the bottom of the pits. Pressing down to form a series of tapered small recesses prevents the outer surface of the ridge element from compacting the soil. When the device rolls over the surface of the soil, the soil located between the ridge elements is gently reinforced or adhered by pressure in a substantially horizontal direction, and is applied to the bottom of the pit by pressure in a substantially vertical direction. Twisted into conical recesses, so that through the kneading, guiding and stamping process of the device, a series of regularly arranged and reinforced "pupil" structures are formed, which not only increase the surface area of the soil, but also slow down the water flow rate; Permeability, and reduce surface runoff; not only promote seed germination, but also prevent soil erosion.

The soil condition improving device is rolled over the surface of the soil and can be implemented by mechanical, manual, and animal power devices. The soil condition improving device can be used as a wheel of the traction device or passively pulled by the device. Preferably, a traction device such as a tractor pulls a cylindrical rolling tool on which a plurality of soil condition improving devices are mounted. The main purpose of the soil condition improvement device is to increase soil permeability and water retention. When rainy, it can store rainwater, thus reducing surface runoff and soil erosion, and providing multi-task functions.

The hollow annular body can be placed on the wheel, the drum and the disk to facilitate the soil condition improving device to roll the soil surface. The plurality of soil condition improving devices can be axially aligned and held to form a circle Cylindrical scrolling tool.

The soil condition improving device can be processed from relatively lightweight materials, including wood, plastic, rubber, and combinations of the above. Preferably, the soil condition improving device is made of plastic, a polymeric material (e.g., high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene, etc.), or other such molded plastic material. Among them, high-density polyethylene, due to its advantages of light weight, high hardness and high toughness, is currently the preferred processing material. Optionally, a wear resistant release nanocomposite may be applied to the surface of the device to enhance the self-cleaning performance of the device during rolling operations.

Preferably, a plurality of seed conveying pipes are arranged on one side of the hollow annular body in the axial direction.

The soil condition improving device of the present invention can simultaneously transport seeds from the seed conveying pipe to the soil surface in the case of improving the soil conditions, thereby realizing the effects of improving soil conditions and seeding. Further, the length of each seed conveying pipe in the radial direction of the hollow annular body is not greater than the width of the ridge member in the radial direction of the hollow annular body.

The length of the seed delivery tube is defined so that when the seed delivery tube rolls with the soil condition improving device, it can continuously sown the seeds in the tube into the soil, eliminating the cumbersome work of improving the soil conditions and then performing the sowing work. If the seed delivery tube is too long, it will rub against the ground and cause the seed conveying tube to bend or be damaged.

Further, all of the seed delivery tubes are evenly arranged around the axis of the hollow annular body. That is, the seed delivery tubes are equally spaced, depending on the spacing of the particular crops. By sowing with the soil condition improving device, the seeds sowed on the surface of the soil can be arranged neatly, and the seeds are arranged according to the spacing required for planting.

Further, the seed delivery tube includes a first opening facing the axis of the hollow annular body and a second opening facing away from and facing away from the hollow annular body. a projection of the second opening of the seed delivery tube in a radial plane of the hollow annular body relative to the axis of the hollow annular body, relative to a projection of the first opening in a radial plane of the hollow annular body The distance between the axes of the hollow annular body is large.

The first opening can cooperate with the seed supply mechanism to deliver the seed into the first opening and to the ground through the second opening when the seed delivery tube is rotated to a suitable position.

Further, the angle between the seed delivery tube and the radial plane of the hollow annular body is ≥ 0 degrees and < 90 degrees. This ensures that the seed delivery tube accurately spreads the seeds in the tube onto the soil surface.

Further, the seed delivery tube is perpendicular to an axis of the hollow annular body.

The peak is tapered and the cone is facing outward. The conical convex head not only facilitates the rolling of the soil condition improving device, but also facilitates the retention of water by the small concave holes formed by the peak on the soil surface without damaging the permeability of the soil.

The ridge elements are three spaced apart;

Each of the ridge elements is integrally connected to a portion of the hollow annular body, and a portion away from the hollow annular body constitutes a spaced-apart ridge structure; the ridge structure is a hull shape, and an outer surface thereof is provided with a non-slip pattern. After rolling a circle on the soil, the soil condition improving device forms three boat-shaped pits on the soil. After the anti-slip pattern is set, the soil condition improving device does not easily slip during the rolling process, increasing the friction between the two.

There are 2 to 10 peaks on each ridge element.

All the peaks located on the same ridge element are equally spaced. The peaks are equally spaced, and when the soil condition improving device rolls the soil, the peaks can be inserted into the soil at a medium spacing to form small recesses in order to maintain the soil's water permeability.

The positions of the peaks are not limited to being arranged along the same arc on the ridge elements, and the peaks may also be staggered on the ridge elements, and the arrangement of the peaks on each ridge element is not Limited to a single row.

The beneficial effects of the invention:

(1) After the ridge member is provided with a peak on the ridge member, the ridge member can be formed into the pit while the ridge member forms a pit on the soil surface to further form a small recessed hole, the small recessed hole can make the soil surface Without compaction, the device can reinforce the soil without compacting the soil. On the basis of effectively preventing soil erosion, it can also increase soil surface area and increase soil temperature; increase soil permeability, increase water use efficiency, and promote crop growth. To increase production revenue.

(2) The hollow ring body of the ring fabric of the present invention is provided with a seed conveying pipe, which can cooperate with the seed supply machine to complete the seeding task according to the planting requirements; it can be planted while ploughing the soil, and combines the two tasks of ploughing and sowing. Together, it is more conducive to improving work efficiency and saving production costs.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the pupil formed on the soil surface when the soil is rolled in the present invention.

Wherein: 1, a hollow annular body; 2, a ridge element; 21, a sub-ridge element; 3, a convex peak; 4, a seed conveying pipe; 41, a first opening; 42, a second opening; 5, a ridge structure; 6, small concave holes; 7, trace lines; 8, boat-shaped pits.

detailed description

As shown in Fig. 1, a soil condition improving device comprises a hollow annular body 1 provided with three ridge members 2 around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1, each ridge member 2 having a bow-shaped front surface and a rear surface The spacing between the front and rear surfaces is a sub-ridge element 21, each ridge element 2 having a blunt circular surface and two side walls that are inclined toward the hollow annular body such that each ridge element 2 The thickness is gradually reduced from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1 to form a hull-shaped pit on the surface of the soil. There is an angle between the two side walls, and the angle ranges from about 40° to 80°.

The height h2 of the ridge member 2 is large, and the height h1 of the ridge member 21 is large, and the arc length L of the ridge member 2 around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1 is about 30 cm, and the height h2 is about 8 cm beyond the height h1.

The ridge element 2 can be machined from relatively lightweight materials, including wood, plastic, rubber, and combinations of the foregoing. Preferably, the soil condition improving device is made of plastic, a polymeric material (e.g., high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene, etc.), or other such molded plastic material. Among them, high-density polyethylene, due to its advantages of light weight, high hardness and high toughness, is currently the preferred processing material. Optionally, a wear resistant release nanocomposite may be applied to the surface of the device to enhance the self-cleaning performance of the device during rolling operations.

Each of the ridge elements 2 extends outwardly with a plurality of spaced apart peaks 3, shown as four in the figure, all of the peaks 3 are equally spaced and the peaks 3 are tapered, with the cones facing outward. Although the peaks 3 are shown as being tapered, it should be understood that the taper is only the optimum shape of the peaks 3, and it may also be a variety of structures with pointed ends, that is, the peaks 3 are away from the ridge elements 2. The width or diameter of the end is less than the width or diameter of the peak 3 immediately adjacent the end of the ridge element 2.

One side of the hollow annular body 1 is annularly provided with a plurality of seed conveying pipes 4, and the length of each seed conveying pipe 4 in the radial direction of the hollow annular body 1 is not greater than the radial direction of the ridge member 2 along the radial annular body 1. Width, the seed conveying pipe 4 is evenly arranged around the axis of the hollow annular body 1, and the spacing between the various sub-transport tubes 4 is set according to the requirements of the planting crop.

The seed delivery tube 4 includes a first opening 42 facing the axis of the hollow annular body 1 and a second opening 41 facing away from and facing away from the hollow annular body 1; the second opening 41 is The projection of the projection in the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 relative to the axis of the hollow annular body 1 is greater than the distance of the projection of the first opening 42 in the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 from the axis of the hollow annular body 1. The first opening 42 can cooperate with the seed supply mechanism to deliver the seed into the first opening 42 through the seed supply mechanism and to the ground through the second opening 41 when a seed delivery tube is rotated to a suitable position. Further, the angle between the seed conveying pipe 4 and the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 is ≥ 0 degrees and < 90 degrees, so that the seed conveying pipe 4 can accurately spread the seeds in the pipe on the soil surface. Although the seed can be spread from the conveying pipe 4 to the soil as long as the seed conveying pipe 4 and the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 can form an angle of 0-90 degrees, the seed conveying pipe 4 is most suitable for the hollow annular body 1 The axis is vertical and this arrangement is most beneficial for seeding. Further, the shape of the seed conveying pipe 4 is not limited to that shown in the drawings, and as long as the above requirements can be satisfied, pipes of various shapes are acceptable.

The ridge members 2 are three spaced apart; the ridge members 2 are gradually reduced in thickness from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1, and the portions of the ridge members 2 adjacent to the hollow annular body 1 are integrally connected, away from the hollow ring. The portion of the body 1 constitutes a ridge structure 5 which is spaced apart, and the ridge structure 5 is of a hull shape, and its outer surface is provided with an anti-slip pattern (not shown). The side surface of the ridge element 2 is two sides along the axial direction of the hollow annular body 1, and the top surface of the ridge element 2 is the surface of the ridge structure 5, since the ridge element 2 is radially from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1. The outer thickness is gradually reduced, so that the two sides thereof gradually gather radially outward along the central annular body 1 to more easily plow the soil surface when contacting the soil surface.

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a pupil structure which is left on the surface of the soil after rolling one turn on the soil using the apparatus of Fig. 1. The soil condition improving device of the present invention forms three boat-shaped dimples 8 after rolling on the surface of the soil, and there are four small recessed holes 6 in the boat-shaped dimples 8, which are the ridge elements 2 The impression of the peak 3 on the surface of the soil. In addition, a plurality of traces 7 are also shown in Fig. 2, whereby the outer surface of the ridge structure 5 can be proved to have an anti-slip pattern.

Application example

The difference between the present embodiment and the soil conditioning device in U.S. Patent No. 7,747,864 B2 is compared by the experimental application in the production of different soil types and multiple crops to demonstrate that the soil condition improving device has good water retention and heat retention and increased yield. .

I. Tests to promote crop growth

The cultivation comparison test of different crops is designed. The treatment area is: after the field is ploughed and ploughed, the field condition improving device is used to compact the field, and then the live broadcast of the crop or Transplanting; the control area is: direct seeding or transplanting of crops after ploughing and cultivating the field; other production operations and field management are consistent. It turned out that the results were good.

On January 14, 2012, the designed potato cultivation comparison test showed that although it was affected by continuous rainy weather, the device has good soil heat preservation and moisturizing effect from the monitoring data analysis.

On April 20th, 2012, the designed corn live cultivation comparison test, through the detection of the soil condition in the test area, and the investigation of the growing corn plants, and statistical analysis, the results show that: whether it is 6cm depth soil, or 12cm depth Soil, whether it is soil temperature index or soil moisture index, showed significant difference (P<0.05). At the same time, it was found that the main roots of maize seedlings planted in the treatment area were thick and the hairy roots were developed. In addition, through the examination of mature maize plants, the corn planted in the treatment area was superior to the control in terms of plant height, fresh weight per panicle and number of grains per panicle, and showed significant difference (P<0.05). : This device has a good effect on promoting growth and increasing yield on corn direct seeding cultivation.

Based on the comparison of growth and agronomic traits, the soybean transplanting comparison test designed and carried out on August 16, 2012 found that the plant height, rhizobium and yield per plant of the soybean planted in the treatment area were better than the control. Significant difference (P<0.05), indicating that the device has a good effect on promoting growth and increasing yield on soybean transplantation.

Second, the test to prevent soil erosion

On September 24, 2013, a soil and water loss comparison test was designed and implemented. The treatment area is: after the field is ploughed and ploughed, the soil condition improving device of this embodiment is used to roll the kneading surface; the control area is: the field is turned over. After the tillage, the soil surface was rolled by another soil conditioning device (US Pat. No. 7,747,868 B2); and in the depression of each field, a plastic box was placed as a collector for the lost soil. On the same day, the skin was sprinkled over the field with a leather tube to simulate the rainfall process. After 1 hour, the water in the plastic box was removed, and the sand was collected and weighed. At the same time, 15 days later (October 11), it was collected again and weighed. Soil sand. Data comparison, the first sand collection was 4.53 g / m2, 5.15 g / m2; the second sand collection was 5.47 g / m2, 11.85 g / m2, the results show that in the simulation In the rainfall test, the difference in sediment loss between the treatment area and the control area is not very obvious; however, in the natural precipitation test, the amount of sediment loss in the treatment area is less than one-half of the control area; thus it can be proved that The soil and water conservation effect of the soil condition improving device is significantly stronger than that of the other soil conditioning device (US Pat. No. 7,747,868 B2).

Claims

A soil condition improving device comprising a hollow annular body (1), the outer circumference of the hollow annular body (1) being provided with a plurality of ridge members (2); wherein each ridge member (2) is outward Extending a plurality of spaced peaks (3).
The soil condition improving device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of seed conveying pipes (4) are arranged on one side of the axial direction of the hollow annular body (1).
The soil condition improving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each seed conveying pipe (4) has a length in a radial direction of the hollow annular body (1) not larger than the ridge member (2) along the hollow The width of the annular body (1) in the radial direction.
The soil condition improving device according to claim 2, characterized in that all of the seed conveying pipes (4) are evenly arranged around the axis of the hollow annular body (1).
The soil condition improving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said seed conveying pipe (4) comprises a first opening (42) and a second opening (41), the first opening (42) facing the hollow ring The axis of the body (1), the second opening (41) is away from and facing away from the hollow annular body (1).
The soil condition improving device according to claim 5, characterized in that the angle between the seed conveying pipe (4) and the radial plane of the hollow annular body (1) is ≥ 0 degrees and < 90 degrees.
A soil condition improving apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said seed conveying pipe (4) is perpendicular to an axis of said hollow annular body (1).
The soil condition improving device according to claim 1, wherein the ridge members (2) are three spaced apart;

Each ridge element (2) is integrally connected to a portion adjacent to the hollow annular body (1), and a portion away from the hollow annular body (1) constitutes a spaced-apart ridge structure (5); the ridge structure (5) is Or hull shape with an anti-slip pattern on the outer surface.
A soil condition improving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the ridge members (2) is provided with 2 to 10 peaks (3).
A soil condition improving apparatus for increasing soil surface area and permeability, the soil condition improving apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9.