WO2015096211A1 - 耐火电线电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents

耐火电线电缆及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096211A1
WO2015096211A1 PCT/CN2014/070357 CN2014070357W WO2015096211A1 WO 2015096211 A1 WO2015096211 A1 WO 2015096211A1 CN 2014070357 W CN2014070357 W CN 2014070357W WO 2015096211 A1 WO2015096211 A1 WO 2015096211A1
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Prior art keywords
cable
temperature
outer sheath
fire
conductor
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PCT/CN2014/070357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄冬莲
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深圳市联嘉祥科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015096211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096211A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/46—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power cable technology, and more particularly to a fire resistant wire cable and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the fire-resistant cable is made of mica tape wrapped around the outer sheath, which not only has low production efficiency, but also has high control difficulty and low quality reliability, and the mica tape cannot withstand excessive voltage, and becomes hard and brittle after combustion, which is easy. Fall off.
  • the mica layer can easily become powdery, lose its protective effect, and can not withstand water flooding and impact, thus affecting the safety and communication of communication and electric power in the case of fire.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant electric wire and cable capable of forming a hard outer casing in the event of a fire, and a preparation of the fire-resistant electric wire and cable, in view of the defect that the outer sheath of the above-mentioned fire-resistant electric wire and cable of the prior art is easy to fall off. method.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to construct a fire-resistant electric wire cable, comprising an outer sheath and at least one cable inner core covered in the outer sheath, each of the cable inner cores comprising And a conductor and an insulating layer covering the conductor, the outer sheath being made of a material including ceramized silicone rubber.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material comprises 90-110 parts of ceramic rubber in parts by mass, and porcelain powder 35-70 parts, 30-45 parts of flame retardant and 20-40 parts of silicone oil.
  • the porcelain powder is silica.
  • the inner core of the cable is a plurality of wires
  • a gap between the plurality of inner cores of the cable has a filling layer, and the filling layer comprises a high flame retardant glass fiber material.
  • the outer sheath has a thickness of 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the insulating layer is made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a fire resistant wire and cable, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • Conductor preparation after the conductor material is drawn and stranded, a conductor is obtained;
  • Extruding the insulating layer using an extrusion die to coat the outer layer of the conductor to obtain a cable inner core;
  • the extruded outer sheath is configured to contain a raw material of ceramized silicone rubber, and the outer material is extruded outside the inner core of the cable by cold extrusion, and the temperature of the extruder is controlled by segmentation.
  • the extrusion die in the step of extruding the outer sheath, is an extrusion die, and the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die and an outer film.
  • the extrusion type The mold needs to be polished before extrusion; the feed port temperature is 5 °C -50 °C, the extruder head temperature is 10 °C -50 °C, and the fuselage temperature is 5 °C -50 °C;
  • the segmentation control comprises a five-stage control of the extruder from the feed port to the extrusion end, in turn, the first segment temperature is 160 ° C -180 °C, the second temperature is 165 °C -185 °C, the third temperature is 170 °C -175 °C, the fourth temperature is 175 °C -180 °C, the fifth temperature is 200 °C -230 °C, the outer sheath section has no visible micropores and bubbles; the outlet speed of the extruder is 5m/min-15m/min; the ceramicized silicone rubber material includes 90-110 parts of silicone rubber by mass parts, porcelain Powder 35-70 parts, 30-45 parts of flame retardant and 20-40 parts of silicone oil.
  • the method further comprises:
  • Filling step filling a gap between the cores of the plurality of cable cores, the filling layer comprising a high flame retardant glass fiber material.
  • the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the fourth temperature and the fifth temperature should be reduced by 5 °C -10 °C.
  • the fire-resistant wire and cable and the preparation method thereof for carrying out the invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • a protective layer of outer sheath with a material containing ceramized silicone rubber outside the conductor, in the event of a large fire, a hard protective layer is formed on the outer surface of the inner core of the cable to protect the line. Not short circuited; and the hard ceramic shell formed 900 °C ⁇ 90min
  • the flame does not crack under ablation, prolonging the use time of the cable in the fire situation, providing more time for disaster relief.
  • the fire-resistant wire and cable has high and low temperature resistance, anti-corrosion performance, flame retardant performance and excellent electrical insulation performance, and has wide application range, and is particularly suitable for a place with a bad environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fire resistant wire and cable provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention adopts a ceramicized silicone rubber material to form an outer sheath, and when it encounters a fire, it is ceramized.
  • the outer sheath made of silicone rubber is burned into a ceramic-like casing in a short period of time, so that the outer surface forms a hard protective layer to protect the inner conductor from damage and enable it to be normal. Transmission.
  • a fire resistant wire cable provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an outer sheath 1 , a cable core 2 and a filling layer 3 Wherein the cable core 2 and the filling layer 3 are both wrapped in the outer sheath 1.
  • the cable core 2 is at least one, that is, the cable core 2 can be one, two or more, depending on the needs of the line, and all the cable cores 2 Both are covered inside the outer sheath 2.
  • the shape and size of the plurality of cable cores 2 may be the same or different, such as the cable core 2 It can be round, flat or square, and the like.
  • the cable core 2 is three, and the three cable cores 2 are equal in size and round, and the three cable cores 2 are twisted together according to a preset lay length and direction.
  • the preset lay length is between 60mm and 100mm, and the twisting direction is 'S' or 'Z'.
  • the three cable cores 2 are twisted according to the 80mm lay length and the 'S' shape. In the case of a triangular cross section, it is understood that the cable core 2 can also be twisted in other ways.
  • Each cable core 2 includes a conductor 21 and an insulating layer 22, and an insulating layer 22 is coated on the outside of the conductor 21.
  • the conductor 21 is made of a bare copper soft conductor or a metallized layer annealed copper conductor, and is formed by twisting a plurality of conductor monofilaments. Specifically conductor 21 A plurality of conductor monofilaments twisted together, wherein the conductor monofilament is a softened bare copper wire, a tinned copper wire or a silver plated copper wire. The bare copper wire, the tinned copper wire or the silver-plated copper wire are all made of high-purity oxygen-free copper, and the electrical and mechanical properties are extremely excellent.
  • the conductor 21 of this embodiment is a circular conductor and is a vertically stranded multi-strand conductor.
  • the insulating layer 22 is cylindrical, coated on the outer side of the conductor 21, and is made of a highly insulating cable material to meet the withstand voltage requirements of the cable, and Protect the internal conductor 21 from damage.
  • the outer side of each of the conductors 21 is covered with an insulating layer 22, and the number of the insulating layers 22 and the number of the conductors 21 is equal.
  • Insulation layer 22 by It is made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber, or the insulating layer 22 may be made of two or more of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and ethylene propylene rubber.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 22 is 0.3 mm - 0.8 Mm, the thickness is reduced by half compared with the ordinary insulation layer, which reduces the quality of the cable and does not affect the use of the cable.
  • the insulating layer 22 It can also be made of other materials, such as high insulating rubber such as styrene butadiene rubber.
  • the filling layer 3 is filled in the gap between the inner cores 2 of the cable, that is, when the cable core 2 is plural, the plurality of cable cores 2 are in the outer sheath 1 When aligned inside, there is a gap between the cable cores 2 or between the outer sheath 1 and the cable core 2.
  • a glass fiber material containing a high flame retardancy is filled in these voids to form a filling layer 3 .
  • Fill layer 3 It is formed by wrapping high-flame-retardant fiberglass material to prevent the flame from penetrating into the interior and protecting the cable core 2 from damage.
  • the filling layer 3 has a thickness of from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the fill layer 3 In addition to the high flame retardant glass fiber material, it also includes semi-conductive water powder to prevent water from moving longitudinally to the wire. In the humid environment, even if the wire is damaged, it can continue to conduct electricity and enhance the waterproof effect.
  • the outer sheath 1 is an important part of the cable and is wrapped around the outer core 2 of all cables, which is the outermost layer of the wire and cable.
  • the outer sheath 1 Made of ceramized silicone rubber to form a ceramized silicone rubber layer covering all the inner cores of the cable.
  • the thickness of the outer sheath is 0.6mm-0.8mm.
  • Ceramicized silicone rubber is a new type of polymer composite material. It not only has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, anti-aging and excellent electrical properties of ordinary silicone rubber. It also has the characteristics of flame retardant, halogen-free and low-smoke.
  • Corrosive and toxic gases are produced without causing secondary hazards to humans; and when burned by flames, they can be sintered into a hard ceramic-like casing that can withstand certain water sprays and vibrations of a certain intensity to provide insulation and The role of fire and fire insulation to ensure that the line is continuous, no short circuit, providing the necessary premise for fire disaster reduction.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material is made of the following parts by weight: silicone rubber 90-110 parts, porcelain powder 35-70 Parts, 30-45 parts of flame retardant and 20-40 parts of silicone oil, wherein the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, the porcelain powder is silica, and the viscosity of silicone oil is 20 ⁇ 800 PCT, such as methyl silicone oil, hydroxy silicone oil, etc. .
  • the ceramized silicone rubber prepared by using such a formula has silicone rubber as a main component, and is excellent in flame retardancy and fire resistance, and can form a ceramic additive, thereby achieving the best mechanical properties, fire-retardant properties, and the like.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber using this formula can form a hard shell after the burning test, does not fall off, and protects the inner conductor. 21 No loss, guarantee normal power transmission.
  • the outer sheath 1 may include, in addition to the ceramized silicone rubber material, an expanded halogen-free fuel or thermoplastic polyurethane in the insulating layer 22 The surface forms a dense porous carbonaceous foam layer which is firmly adhered to the insulating layer 22 to provide good heat insulation, oxygen barrier, smoke suppression, and prevention of droplet formation. Understandably, also in the outer sheath 1 Other materials such as aramid fibers or polyvinyl chloride are added to the material.
  • the outer sheath 1 made of ceramized silicone rubber material can be used at 750 ⁇ 900 °C, flame 90min Above the cauterization time, the outer sheath 1 It is converted into a ceramic-like shell instead of being burnt into powdery ash.
  • the ceramic-like casing forms a hard protective layer which blocks the continued combustion of the flame and acts to insulate the external flame, thereby protecting the inner conductor 2 1 It is not damaged and can perform normal power transmission.
  • outer sheath 1 Made of a material containing ceramized silicone rubber, when the cable is exposed to fire, the outer sheath 1 made of ceramized silicone rubber is burned into a ceramic-like casing in a short period of time, thus Cable core 2
  • the outer surface forms a hard protective layer that protects the inner cable core 2 from damage, enabling normal power transmission and extending cable life.
  • the present invention is made of an outer sheath 1 by forming a material containing ceramized silicone rubber outside the conductor 21.
  • the protective layer in the event of a major fire, forms a hard protective layer on the outer surface of the cable core 2 to protect the line from continuous roads and short circuits; and the hard ceramic shell formed at 900 °C ⁇ 90 min
  • the flame does not crack under ablation, prolonging the use time of the cable in the fire situation, providing more time for disaster relief.
  • the fire-resistant wire and cable has high temperature resistance, low temperature performance, anti-corrosion performance, flame retardant performance and excellent electrical insulation performance, and has a wide application range, and is particularly suitable for a place with a bad environment.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a fire resistant wire and cable, comprising the following steps:
  • Conductor preparation After the conductor material is drawn and stranded, the conductor 1 is obtained.
  • material selection The conductor material selected according to the requirements for preparing different cables, such as the use of electrical round copper rods as conductor materials, and in line with the state GB/T3952 standard regulation.
  • Drawing The conductor material is drawn and annealed to obtain a soft copper wire of a desired diameter, and the copper wire may be tinned or silver plated copper wire.
  • Stranding twisting the soft copper wire obtained by drawing to obtain a bundle strand, and then twisting the strand strand, and ensuring that the adjacent layers are twisted oppositely during the twisting to obtain a conductor 1 .
  • the insulating layer is extruded: an insulating layer 22 is coated on the conductor 1 by a squeeze die to obtain a cable core 2 .
  • the outer layer of the conductor 1 is covered with an insulating layer 22, and the insulating layer is formed by a PVC screw extruder using an extrusion die.
  • the surface of the conductor 1 obtained by the conductor preparation step is extruded to obtain the cable core 2 .
  • the extruder has a length to diameter ratio of 12, the feed port temperature is 30 °C -45 °C, and the head temperature is 90 °C.
  • the material of the insulating layer 22 is made of at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and ethylene propylene rubber.
  • Extruding outer sheath arranging a raw material containing ceramized silicone rubber, and extruding the outer sheath in the outer core of the cable 2 by cold extrusion The temperature of the extruder is controlled in stages.
  • the outer sheath 1 is made of a material containing ceramized silicone rubber, and is extruded on the outer surface of the cable core 2 with an outer sheath 1 Therefore, the inner core 2 of the outer sheath 1 is protected from damage, and the normal transmission of the cable is ensured.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material is preheated, screwed and agitated and melted, and then the obtained cable core 2
  • the semi-finished product is introduced into the extruder, adopts the method of cold extrusion, and adopts segmental control of the temperature of the extruder, and is continuously extruded through the die forming of the die, so that the ceramized silicone rubber is coated on the outer core 2 of the cable.
  • Outer sheath 1 .
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer film is an extrusion die
  • the The extrusion die needs to be polished before extrusion;
  • the feed port temperature is 5 °C -50 °C
  • the extruder head temperature is 10 °C -50 °C
  • the fuselage temperature is 5 °C -50 °C;
  • the segmentation control comprises a five-stage control of the extruder from the feed port to the extrusion end, in turn, the first segment temperature is 160 ° C -180 °C, the second temperature is 165 °C -185 °C, the third temperature is 170 °C -175 °C, the fourth temperature is 175 °C -180 °C, the fifth temperature is 200 °C -230 °C, the outer sheath 1 has no visible micropores and bubbles in the cross section; the outlet speed of the extruder is 5m/min-15m/min; the ceramized silicone rubber material includes silicone rubber 90-110 by mass parts. Parts, porcelain powder 35-70 parts, flame retardant 30-45 parts and silicone oil 20-40 parts.
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer die is an extrusion die
  • the die must be polished before being extruded
  • the die set by the combination of the sleeve die and the extrusion die is used. , better guarantee the quality of the extruded product, so that the outer sheath 1 Evenly coat the outer surface of the cable core 2.
  • the extruder with a length to diameter ratio of 25 is used, and the temperature of the screw, the head and the fuselage of the extruder is not more than 50.
  • the temperature of the feed port is 5 °C -50 °C
  • the temperature of the head is 10 °C -50 °C
  • the temperature of the fuselage is 5 °C -50 °C, preferably the feed port, the nose and the fuselage
  • the temperature is preferably lower than 30 ° C; and the lower the temperature of the extruded cooling water, the better, generally controlled within 20 ° C, thereby avoiding the ceramization of the silicone rubber material, so that the outer sheath 1 plays its due role.
  • the extruder has five temperature control from the inlet to the extrusion end, which is the first stage temperature of 160 °C -180 °C and the second stage temperature of 165 °C. -185 °C, the third temperature is 170 °C -175 °C, the fourth temperature is 175 °C -180 °C, and the fifth temperature is 200 °C -230 °C, through the adjustment of the extrusion temperature, the outer sheath 1 surface is smooth, round, uniform color, and the visible micropores and bubbles in the cross section, ensuring the performance of the outer sheath 1; if the outer sheath 1 Cross section with bubbles Or micropores, the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the fourth temperature and the fifth temperature should be reduced by 5 °C -10 °C.
  • the outer sheath 1 If there are micropores or bubbles in the section, first reduce the temperature of the first and second sections by 5 °C -10 °C, and then lower the temperature of the third, fourth and fifth sections by 5 °C -10 °C, that is, when micropores or bubbles appear in the cross section, it should be extruded at a lower temperature until no micropores and bubbles are generated.
  • the outlet speed of the extruder In order to obtain a uniform outer sheath 1 There is also a requirement for the outlet speed of the extruder. At the beginning of extrusion, the outlet speed is slow, and then the speed is slowly increased to ensure that the outer sheath 1 and the cable have good performance, and the outlet speed of the extruder needs to be controlled at 15 m. /min Preferably, the outlet speed of the extruder is from 5 m/min to 15 m/min.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material is made of the following parts by weight: 90-110 parts of silicone rubber, 35-70 parts of porcelain powder, and flame retardant 30-45 parts and 20-40 parts of silicone oil, wherein the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, the porcelain powder is silica, and of course other types of flame retardants and porcelain powders can be used. Make restrictions
  • the viscosity of silicone oil is 20 ⁇ 800 centipoise, such as methyl silicone oil, hydroxy silicone oil and so on.
  • the outer sheath 1 may include, in addition to the ceramized silicone rubber material, an expanded halogen-free fuel or thermoplastic polyurethane in the insulating layer 22
  • the surface forms a dense porous carbonaceous foam layer which is firmly adhered to the insulating layer 22 to provide good heat insulation, oxygen barrier, smoke suppression, and prevention of droplet formation.
  • Other materials such as aramid fibers or polyvinyl chloride are added to the material.
  • a step of filling is further included between the step of extruding the insulating layer and the extruded outer sheath: the inner core of the plurality of cables 2
  • the gap between the layers is filled with a filling layer 3 comprising a highly flame-retardant fiberglass material.
  • a filling layer 3 comprising a highly flame-retardant fiberglass material.
  • Extruding the insulating layer using an extrusion die to coat the conductor 1 with an insulating layer 22 to obtain a cable core 2;
  • Extruded outer sheath outer sheath of outer sheath of outer core 2 of the cable is made of ceramized silicone rubber 1
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer film is an extrusion die
  • the extrusion die needs to be polished before extrusion; using a cold extrusion method, Feed port temperature is 5 °C, head temperature is 10 °C, the fuselage temperature is 30 °C;
  • the extruder has five temperature control from the feed port to the extrusion end, in order, the first segment temperature is 160 °C, the second segment temperature is 165 °C, and the third segment temperature is 170 °C.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material includes silicone rubber by mass fraction. 110 parts, 50 parts of silica, 30 parts of aluminum hydroxide and 20 parts of methyl silicone oil.
  • Extruding the insulating layer using an extrusion die to coat the conductor 1 with an insulating layer 22 to obtain a cable core 2;
  • Extruded outer sheath outer sheath of outer sheath of outer core 2 of the cable is made of ceramized silicone rubber 1
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer film is an extrusion die
  • the extrusion die needs to be polished before extrusion; using a cold extrusion method, Feed port temperature is 50 °C, head temperature is 20 °C, the fuselage temperature is 50 °C;
  • the extruder has five temperature control from the feed port to the extrusion end, in order, the first temperature is 180 °C, the second temperature is 185 °C, and the third temperature is 175.
  • the fourth temperature is At 180 °C
  • the temperature in the fifth section was 230 °C
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material includes silicone rubber by mass fraction. 90 parts, 35 parts of silica, 40 parts of magnesium hydroxide and 40 parts of hydroxy silicone oil.
  • Extruding the insulating layer using an extrusion die to coat the conductor 1 with an insulating layer 22 to obtain a cable core 2;
  • Extruded outer sheath outer sheath of outer sheath of outer core 2 of the cable is made of ceramized silicone rubber 1
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer film is an extrusion die
  • the extrusion die needs to be polished before extrusion; using a cold extrusion method, Feed port temperature is 20 °C, head temperature is 50 °C, the fuselage temperature is 5 °C; the extruder has five temperature control from the feed port to the extrusion end, in order, the first temperature is 170 °C, the second temperature is 175 °C, and the third temperature is 172.
  • the fourth temperature is At 178 °C
  • the temperature in the fifth section was 210 °C, and there were no visible micropores and bubbles in the outer sheath 1 section; the outlet speed of the extruder was 10 m/min.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material includes silicone rubber by mass fraction. 100 parts, 70 parts of silica, 45 parts of aluminum hydroxide and 30 parts of methyl silicone oil.
  • Extruding the insulating layer using an extrusion die to coat the conductor 1 with an insulating layer 22 to obtain a cable core 2;
  • Extruded outer sheath outer sheath of outer sheath of outer core 2 of the cable is made of ceramized silicone rubber 1
  • the extrusion die is an extrusion die
  • the inner die of the extrusion die is a sleeve die
  • the outer film is an extrusion die
  • the extrusion die needs to be polished before extrusion; using a cold extrusion method,
  • the feed port temperature is 25 °C and the head temperature is 40 °C
  • the fuselage temperature is 35 °C
  • the extruder has five temperature control from the feed port to the extrusion end, in order, the first temperature is 175 °C, the second temperature is 180 °C, and the third temperature is 174.
  • the fourth temperature is At 176 °C
  • the temperature in the fifth section was 220 °C, and there were no visible micropores and bubbles in the outer sheath 1 section; the outlet speed of the extruder was 8 m/min.
  • the ceramized silicone rubber material includes silicone rubber by mass fraction. 105 parts, 60 parts of silica, 35 parts of magnesium hydroxide and 25 parts of hydroxy silicone oil.
  • the wire and cable obtained by the method for preparing the fire-resistant electric wire cable of the present invention will be in the inner core of the cable in the event of a large fire 2
  • the outer surface forms a hard protective layer to protect the line from continuous roads and short circuits; and the hard ceramic shell formed at 900 ° C ⁇ 90 min
  • the flame does not crack under ablation, prolonging the use time of the cable in the fire situation, providing more time for disaster relief.
  • the fire-resistant wire and cable has high temperature resistance, low temperature performance, anti-corrosion performance, flame retardant performance and excellent electrical insulation performance, and has a wide application range, and is particularly suitable for a place with a bad environment.
  • the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, reduced production cost, no need to purchase new equipment, and is favorable for popularization and use.

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Abstract

一种耐火电线电缆及其制备方法。耐火电线电缆包括外护套（1）及包覆在外护套（1）内的至少一根电缆内芯（2），每一根电缆内芯（2）包括导体（21）及包覆在导体（21）外的绝缘层（22），外护套（1）由包含陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成。通过在导体外形成用包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成的外护套保护层，在发生较大火灾时，会在电缆内芯的外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护线路不断路、不短路，且形成的坚硬的陶瓷状外壳在900°CX90min的火焰烧蚀下不开裂，延长了电缆在火灾情况下的使用时间。该耐火电线电缆具有耐高温、低温性能、防腐性能、阻燃性能和优良的电气绝缘性能，使用范围广，更适合环境恶劣的场所。

Description

耐火电线电缆及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电缆技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种耐火电线电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会不断的进步发展，人民生活水平的提高，人们对生活中的安全越来越重视，但是人们在追求高质量生活、享受大商场、大剧院等群聚生活的同时，防火安全也越来越重要和迫切，综合各大火灾的发生报告，其中电线电缆的自燃而引发的火灾占很大比例。
而且在火灾中又因为电线电缆的原因造成人员自身伤亡的比例也占有很大的比例，例如，火灾发生后很短的时间内承受电力传输的电线电缆发生电力传输中断，造成电梯、照明不能正常工作，而使人们慌不择路造成伤亡。
通常耐火电缆采用的是云母带绕包制作外护套，不但生产效率低，而且控制难度大、质量可靠性低，且云母带不能承受过高的电压，燃烧后变硬、发脆，很容易脱落。一旦发生火灾，云母层很容易变成粉末脱落，失去了保护作用，且也不能承受水淋、撞击，从而影响了通讯、电力在火灾情况下的安全畅通。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述耐火电线电缆的外护套易脱落的缺陷，提供一种在火灾发生时能形成坚硬外壳的耐火电线电缆，以及该耐火电线电缆的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：构造一种耐火电线电缆，包括外护套及包覆在所述外护套内的至少一根电缆内芯，每一所述电缆内芯包括导体及包覆在所述导体外的绝缘层，所述外护套由包括陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆中， 所述陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量份数包括硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆中， 所述瓷化粉为二氧化硅。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆中， 所述电缆内芯为多根时，多根所述电缆内芯之间的空隙处具有填充层，所述填充层包括有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆中， 所述外护套的厚度为 0.6mm-0.8mm 。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆中， 所述绝缘层由聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯或 乙丙橡胶制成 。
本发明还提供了一种耐火电线电缆的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体外包覆绝缘层得到电缆内芯；
挤包外护套配置包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的原料，将所述原料采用冷挤的方式在所述电缆内芯外挤包外护套，挤出机的温度采用分段控制。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法中，在所述挤包外护套步骤中，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；喂料口温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃， 挤出机的 机头温度为 10 ℃ -50 ℃，机身温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃；
所述 分段控制 包括 挤出机由进料口到挤出端的五段 式 控制 ， 依次为第一段温度为 160 ℃ -180 ℃，第二段温度为 165 ℃ -185 ℃，第三段温度为 170 ℃ -175 ℃，第四段温度为 175 ℃ -180 ℃，第五段温度为 200 ℃ -230 ℃，外护套断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 5m/min-15m/min ； 所述陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量份数包括硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份 。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法中，在步骤挤包绝缘层和挤包外护套之间还包括：
填充步骤：在多根电缆内芯之间的空隙处填充填充层，所述填充层包括有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料。
在本发明所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法中，在挤包外护套步骤中，若外护套 断面 有微孔或气泡产生，需将第一段温度、第二段温度、第三段温度、第四段温度和第五段温度各降低 5 ℃ -10 ℃。
实施本发明的耐火电线电缆及其制备方法，具有以下有益效果： 通过在导体外形成用包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成外护套保护层，在发生较大火灾时，会在电缆内芯的外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护线路不断路、不短路；且形成的坚硬的陶瓷状外壳在 900 ℃×90min 的火焰烧蚀下不开裂，延长电缆在火灾情况的使用时间，为抢险救灾提供更多的时间。该耐火电线电缆具有耐高、低温性能、防腐性能、阻燃性能和优良的电气绝缘性能，使用范围广，特别对于环境恶劣的场所更适合。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图 1 是本发明较佳实施例提供的耐火电线电缆的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术的电线电缆存在的外护套在燃烧后变硬、变脆、易脱落的缺陷，本发明采用陶瓷化硅橡胶材料制成外护套，当遇到火灾时，由陶瓷化硅橡胶制成的外护套会在很短的时间内被烧灼转化成陶瓷状的壳体，从而外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护内部的导体不受损坏，使其能够进行正常的输电。
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图 1 所示，本发明较佳实施例提供的耐火电线电缆，包括外护套 1 、电缆内芯 2 和填充层 3 ，其中，电缆内芯 2 和填充层 3 均包覆在外护套 1 内。
电缆内芯 2 为至少一根，即电缆内芯 2 可以为一根、两根或更多根，具体根据线路的需要确定，且所有电缆内芯 2 均包覆在外护套 2 的内部。当电缆内芯 2 为多根时，该多根电缆内芯 2 的形状、尺寸可以相同，也可不同，如电缆内芯 2 可为圆形、扁平形或方形等等。本实施方式中，电缆内芯 2 为三根，该三根电缆内芯 2 的尺寸相等并均为圆形，三根电缆内芯 2 按照预设的绞距和方向绞合在一起， 其中预设的绞距为 60mm-100mm 之间，绞合的方向为' S '形或' Z '形，本实施例中的三根电缆内芯 2 按照 80mm 的绞距和' S '形绞合 成横截面为三角形的结构， 可以理解，电缆内芯 2 也可按照其它方式进行绞合。
每一电缆内芯 2 包括导体 21 和绝缘层 22 ，且绝缘层 22 包覆在导体 21 外侧。
导体 21 采用裸铜软导体或镀金属层退火铜导体，且为多根导体单丝绞联而成。具体地导体 21 为绞合在一起的多根导体单丝，其中导体单丝是经过软化后的裸铜丝、镀锡铜丝或镀银铜丝。且裸铜丝、镀锡铜丝或镀银铜丝均采用高纯度无氧铜材，电气机械性能极为优良。 本实施 例的导体 21 为圆形导体，且是竖绞的多股导体。
绝缘层 22 为圆筒状，包覆在导体 21 的外侧， 且采用高绝缘的电缆材料制成，以满足电缆的耐压要求，并 保护内部的导体 21 免受破坏。本实施例中，每一导体 21 的外侧都包覆有绝缘层 22 ， 则绝缘层 22 与导体 21 的个数相等。绝缘层 22 由 聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯或 乙丙橡胶制成，或者绝缘层 22 也可由 聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯和 乙丙橡胶中的两种以上材料制成。绝缘层 22 的厚度为 0.3 mm- 0.8 mm ，与普通的绝缘层相比，其厚度降低了一半，降低了电缆的质量且不影响电缆的使用效果。在其它实施方式中，绝缘层 22 也可采用其它材料制成，如丁苯橡胶等高绝缘胶料 。
填充层 3 填充在电缆内芯 2 之间的空隙处，即当电缆内芯 2 为多根，该多根电缆内芯 2 在外护套 1 内排列时，电缆内芯 2 之间或外护套 1 与电缆内芯 2 之间会有空隙。包含有高阻燃的玻璃纤维材料填充在这些空隙处，形成填充层 3 。填充层 3 采用高阻燃玻璃纤维材料绕包形成，能防止火焰向内部渗透，保护电缆内芯 2 免受破坏。优选地填充层 3 的厚度为 1.5mm-2.5mm 。在其它实施例中，填充层 3 除包含有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料外，还包括有 半导电阻水粉，阻止水向电线纵向移动，则在潮湿的环境下既使电线破损也能继续导电，增强防水效果。
外护套 1 是电缆的重要组成部分，包覆在所有的电缆内芯 2 外侧，是电线电缆的最外层。本实施例中，外护套 1 由包括陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成，形成包覆在所有电缆内芯 1 外的陶瓷化硅橡胶层 ， 外护套的厚度为 0.6mm-0.8mm 。陶瓷化硅橡胶是一种新型的高分子复合材料，不但具备普通硅橡胶的耐高温、抗老化、优良的电性能等特点外；还具有阻燃、无卤、低烟的特点，燃烧时无腐蚀性和毒性气体产生、不会对人造成二次危害；而且在被火焰灼烧时，能够烧结成坚硬的陶瓷状外壳，能够承受一定的水喷淋和一定强度的震动，起到绝缘和防火隔火的作用，保证线路不断路、不短路，为消防减灾提供必要的前提保障。
具体地，陶瓷化硅橡胶材料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份，其中阻燃剂为氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁 ，瓷化粉为二氧化硅，硅油的粘度为 20~800 厘泊，如甲基硅油、羟基硅油等 。采用该种配方制成的陶瓷化硅橡胶，以硅橡胶为主要成分，通过添加阻燃性及耐火性优越并可形成陶瓷化的添加剂，使其机械性能、耐火阻燃性能等达到最佳。采用该配方的陶瓷化硅橡胶在燃烧试验后，可以形成坚硬的壳体，不脱落，保护内部的导体 21 不受损失，保证正常的输电。在其它实施例中，外护套 1 除包括陶瓷化硅橡胶材料外，还可包括 膨胀型无卤阻燃料或热塑性聚氨酯，其在绝缘层 22 的表面形成致密的多孔碳质泡沫层，牢固地附着在绝缘层 22 上，起到很好的隔热、隔氧、抑烟，并能防止产生溶滴的作用。可以理解，还可在外护套 1 的材料中添加芳族聚酰胺纤维或聚氯乙烯等其它材料。
采用包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶材料制成的外护套 1 能够在 750 ～ 900 ℃，火焰 90min 以上的烧灼时间下，使外护套 1 转化成陶瓷状的壳体，而不是被烧成粉状灰烬。该陶瓷状的壳体形成一层坚硬的保护层，该保护层阻挡火焰的继续燃烧，起到隔绝外界火焰的作用，从而保护内部的导体 2 1 不受损坏，并能够进行正常的输电。
本发明的耐火电线电缆，外护套 1 使用包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成，当电缆遇到火灾时，由陶瓷化硅橡胶制成的外护套 1 会在很短的时间内被烧灼转化成陶瓷状的壳体，从而在电缆内芯 2 的外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护内部的电缆内芯 2 不受损坏，使其能够进行正常的输电并延长了电缆的使用寿命。
本发明通过在导体 21 外形成包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成外护套 1 保护层，在发生较大火灾时，会在电缆内芯 2 的外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护线路不断路、不短路；且形成的坚硬的陶瓷状外壳在 900 ℃×90min 的火焰烧蚀下不开裂，延长电缆在火灾情况的使用时间，为抢险救灾提供更多的时间。且该耐火电线电缆具有耐高、低温性能、防腐性能、阻燃性能和优良的电气绝缘性能，使用范围广，特别对于环境恶劣的场所更适合。
本发明还提供了一种耐火电线电缆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
导体制备： 将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体 1 。
在导体制备步骤中，具体包括三个子步骤：选料、拉丝和绞合。选料：根据制备不同电缆的要求选择使用的导体材料，如选用电工圆铜杆作为导体材料，并符合国家 GB/T3952 标准规定。拉丝：将导体材料进行拉丝、退火处理得到符合要求直径的软铜丝，且铜丝可以为镀锡或镀银铜丝。绞合：将拉丝得到的软铜丝绞合得到束绞股线，再将束绞股线进行复绞，在复绞时保证相邻层绞向相反，得到导体 1 。
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体 1 外包覆绝缘层 22 得到电缆内芯 2 。
在导体 1 外挤包包覆绝缘层 22 ，采用挤压式模具，利用 PVC 螺杆挤出机将绝缘层 22 挤包在导体制备步骤得到的导体 1 表面，以得到电缆内芯 2 。其中，挤出机的长径比为 12 ， 喂料口温度为 30 ℃ -45 ℃，机头温度为 90 ℃ -100 ℃，机身温度为 70 ℃ -80 ℃，螺杆转速为 15 转 / 分钟；挤出得到电缆内芯 2 后，将电缆内芯 2 采用分段式冷却，第一段冷却水温度为 60 ℃，第二段冷却水温度为常温，即得常温的电缆内芯 2 。绝缘层 22 的材料由 聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、 乙丙橡胶中的至少一种制成。
挤包外护套：配置包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的原料，将所述原料采用冷挤的方式在所述电缆内芯 2 外挤包外护套 1 ，挤出机的温度采取分段控制。
外护套 1 采用包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成，并在电缆内芯 2 的外表面挤压包覆一层外护套 1 ，从而保护外护套 1 内部的电缆内芯 2 免受损坏，保证了电缆的正常输电。利用挤出机，把陶瓷化硅橡胶材料经过预热、螺杆旋转搅动熔融，再经得到的电缆内芯 2 半成品通入挤出机内，采用冷挤的方式，并对挤出机的温度采取分段控制，经机头模具成形连续挤出，从而使陶瓷化硅橡胶包覆于电缆内芯 2 外形成外护套 1 。
具体地，在所述挤包外护套步骤中，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；喂料口温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃， 挤出机的 机头温度为 10 ℃ -50 ℃，机身温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃；
所述 分段控制 包括 挤出机由进料口到挤出端的五段 式 控制 ， 依次为第一段温度为 160 ℃ -180 ℃，第二段温度为 165 ℃ -185 ℃，第三段温度为 170 ℃ -175 ℃，第四段温度为 175 ℃ -180 ℃，第五段温度为 200 ℃ -230 ℃，外护套 1 断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 5m/min-15m/min ； 所述陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量份数包括硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份 。
挤出模具为挤压式模具，该挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外模为挤压模，且模具挤出前必须经过抛光，采用套管模和挤压模组合设置的模具，较好的保证了挤出产品质量，使外护套 1 均匀地包覆在电缆内芯 2 外表面。 采用长径比为 25 的挤出机，且采用冷挤的方式，挤出机的螺杆、机头、机身的温度最高不超过 50 ℃，具体地喂料口的温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃，机头的温度为 10 ℃ -50 ℃，机身的温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃，优选地喂料口、机头和机身的温度最好低于 30 ℃；且挤出的冷却水的温度越低越好，一般控制在 20 ℃以内较佳，从而避免了陶瓷化硅橡胶材料瓷化，使外护套 1 发挥其应有的作用。
挤出机从进料口到挤出端具有五段温控，依次为第一段温度为 160 ℃ -180 ℃，第二段温度为 165 ℃ -185 ℃，第三段温度为 170 ℃ -175 ℃，第四段温度为 175 ℃ -180 ℃，第五段温度为 200 ℃ -230 ℃，通过对挤出温度的控制调节，使外护套 1 表面光滑、圆整、色泽一致，且断面 无目测可见的微孔和气泡， 保证了外护套 1 性能良好；若外护套 1 断面有气泡 或微孔 ，需将第一段温度、第二段温度、第三段温度、第四段温度和第五段温度各降低 5 ℃ -10 ℃。即在挤出外护套 1 的过程中，外护套 1 的断面若有微孔或气泡产生，首先将第一段和第二段的温度降低 5 ℃ -10 ℃，然后依次将第三段、第四段和第五段的温度也降低 5 ℃ -10 ℃，即在断面出现微孔或气泡时，应在较低的温度下挤出，直到没有微孔和气泡产生为止。
为了得到包覆均匀的外护套 1 ，对挤出机的出线速度也有要求，刚开始挤出时出线速度要慢，然后慢慢提速，以保证外护套 1 和电缆的自身性能良好，且挤出机的出线速度需控制在 15m/min 以内，优选地挤出机的出线速度为 5m/min-15m/min 。
陶瓷化硅橡胶材料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份，其中阻燃剂为氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁，瓷化粉是 二氧化硅 ，当然也可使用其它类型的阻燃剂和瓷化粉，对此不做限制 ；硅油的粘度为 20~800 厘泊，如甲基硅油、羟基硅油等 。外护套 1 除包括陶瓷化硅橡胶材料外，还可包括 膨胀型无卤阻燃料或热塑性聚氨酯，其在绝缘层 22 的表面形成致密的多孔碳质泡沫层，牢固地附着在绝缘层 22 上，起到很好的隔热、隔氧、抑烟，并能防止产生溶滴的作用。可以理解，还可在外护套 1 的材料中添加芳族聚酰胺纤维或聚氯乙烯等其它材料。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，在步骤挤包绝缘层和挤包外护套之间还包括填充步骤：在多根电缆内芯 2 之间的空隙处填充填充层 3 ，所述填充层 3 包括有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料。当电缆内芯 2 有多根，即需在外护套 1 内包覆多根电缆内芯 2 时，多根电缆内芯 2 在外护套 1 内排列时，电缆内芯 2 之间或外护套 1 与电缆内芯 2 之间会有间隙，需在间隙内填充高阻燃玻璃纤维材料，以防止发生火灾时，火焰向电缆内芯 2 内渗透，进一步保护电缆内芯 2 免受破坏。 填充层 3 除包含有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料外，还包括有 半导电阻水粉，阻止水向电线纵向移动，则在潮湿的环境下既使电线破损也能继续导电，增强防水效果。
实施例 1
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体 1 ；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体 1 外包覆绝缘层 22 得到电缆内芯 2 ；
挤包外护套：采用陶瓷化硅橡胶在所述电缆内芯 2 外挤包外护套 1 ，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；采用冷挤的方式，喂料口温度为 5 ℃，机头温度为 10 ℃，机身温度为 30 ℃；挤出机由进料口到挤出端具有五段温控，依次为第一段温度为 160 ℃，第二段温度为 165 ℃，第三段温度为 170 ℃，第四段温度为 175 ℃，第五段温度为 200 ℃，外护套 1 断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 15m/min 。其中陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量分数包括 硅橡胶 110 份、 二氧化硅 50 份、氢氧化铝 30 份和 甲基硅油 20 份。
实施例 2
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体 1 ；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体 1 外包覆绝缘层 22 得到电缆内芯 2 ；
挤包外护套：采用陶瓷化硅橡胶在所述电缆内芯 2 外挤包外护套 1 ，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；采用冷挤的方式，喂料口温度为 50 ℃，机头温度为 20 ℃，机身温度为 50 ℃；挤出机由进料口到挤出端具有五段温控，依次为第一段温度为 180 ℃，第二段温度为 185 ℃，第三段温度为 175 ℃，第四段温度为 180 ℃，第五段温度为 230 ℃，外护套 1 断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 5m/min 。其中陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量分数包括硅橡胶 90 份、二氧化硅 35 份、氢氧化镁 40 份和 羟基硅油 40 份。
实施例 3
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体 1 ；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体 1 外包覆绝缘层 22 得到电缆内芯 2 ；
挤包外护套：采用陶瓷化硅橡胶在所述电缆内芯 2 外挤包外护套 1 ，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；采用冷挤的方式，喂料口温度为 20 ℃，机头温度为 50 ℃，机身温度为 5 ℃；挤出机由进料口到挤出端具有五段温控，依次为第一段温度为 170 ℃，第二段温度为 175 ℃，第三段温度为 172 ℃，第四段温度为 178 ℃，第五段温度为 210 ℃，外护套 1 断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 10m/min 。其中陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量分数包括硅橡胶 100 份、二氧化硅 70 份、氢氧化铝 45 份和 甲基硅油 30 份。
实施例 4
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体 1 ；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体 1 外包覆绝缘层 22 得到电缆内芯 2 ；
挤包外护套：采用陶瓷化硅橡胶在所述电缆内芯 2 外挤包外护套 1 ，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；采用冷挤的方式，喂料口温度为 25 ℃，机头温度为 40 ℃，机身温度为 35 ℃；挤出机由进料口到挤出端具有五段温控，依次为第一段温度为 175 ℃，第二段温度为 180 ℃，第三段温度为 174 ℃，第四段温度为 176 ℃，第五段温度为 220 ℃，外护套 1 断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 8m/min 。其中陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量分数包括硅橡胶 105 份、二氧化硅 60 份、氢氧化镁 35 份和 羟基硅油 25 份。
采用本发明的耐火电线电缆的制备方法得到的电线电缆，在发生较大火灾时，会在电缆内芯 2 的外表面形成一层坚硬的保护层，保护线路不断路、不短路；且形成的坚硬的陶瓷状外壳在900℃×90min 的火焰烧蚀下不开裂，延长电缆在火灾情况的使用时间，为抢险救灾提供更多的时间。且该耐火电线电缆具有耐高、低温性能、防腐性能、阻燃性能和优良的电气绝缘性能，使用范围广，特别对于环境恶劣的场所更适合。且该制备方法工艺简单、降低了生产成本，不需要购进新的设备，有利于推广使用。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (10)

1 、一种 耐火电线电缆，包括外护套（ 1 ）及包覆在所述外护套（ 1 ）内的至少一根电缆内芯（ 2 ），其特征在于，每一所述电缆内芯（ 2 ）包括导体（ 21 ）及包覆在所述导体（ 21 ）外的绝缘层（ 22 ），所述外护套（ 1 ）由包括陶瓷化硅橡胶的材料制成。
根据权利要求 1 所述的 耐火电线电缆 ，其特征在于，所述陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量份数包括硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份。
根据权利要求 1 所述的 耐火电线电缆 ，其特征在于， 所述瓷化粉为二氧化硅。
根据权利要求 1 所述的 耐火电线电缆 ，其特征在于，所述电缆内芯（ 2 ）为多根时，多根所述电缆内芯（ 2 ）之间的空隙处具有填充层（ 3 ），所述填充层（ 3 ）包括有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料。
根据权利要求 1 所述的 耐火电线电缆 ，其特征在于，所述外护套（ 1 ）的厚度为 0.6mm-0.8mm 。
根据权利要求 1 所述的 耐火电线电缆 ，其特征在于，所述绝缘层（ 22 ）由聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯或 乙丙橡胶制成。
一种耐火电线电缆的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
导体制备：将导体材料经拉丝、绞合后，得到导体（ 1 ）；
挤包绝缘层：采用挤压式模具在所述导体（ 1 ）外包覆绝缘层（ 22 ）得到电缆内芯（ 2 ）；
挤包外护套：配置包含有陶瓷化硅橡胶的原料，将所述原料采用冷挤的方式在所述电缆内芯（ 2 ）外挤包外护套（ 1 ），挤出机的温度采用分段控制。
根据权利要求 7 所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述挤包外护套步骤中，挤出模具为挤压式模具，所述挤压式模具的内模为套管模、外膜为挤压模，且所述 挤压式 模具挤出前需抛光；喂料口温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃， 挤出机的 机头温度为 10 ℃ -50 ℃，机身温度为 5 ℃ -50 ℃；
所述 分段控制 包括 挤出机由进料口到挤出端的五段 式 控制 ， 依次为第一段温度为 160 ℃ -180 ℃，第二段温度为 165 ℃ -185 ℃，第三段温度为 170 ℃ -175 ℃，第四段温度为 175 ℃ -180 ℃，第五段温度为 200 ℃ -230 ℃，外护套（ 1 ）断面无目测可见的微孔和气泡；挤出机的出线速度为 5m/min-15m/min ； 所述陶瓷化硅橡胶材料按质量份数包括硅橡胶 90-110 份、瓷化粉 35-70 份、阻燃剂 30-45 份和 硅油 20-40 份 。
根据权利要求 7 所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤挤包绝缘层和挤包外护套之间还包括：
填充步骤：在多根电缆内芯（ 2 ）之间的空隙处填充填充层（ 3 ），所述填充层（ 3 ）包括有高阻燃玻璃纤维材料。
根据权利要求 8 所述的耐火电线电缆的制备方法，其特征在于，在挤包外护套步骤中，若外护套（ 1 ） 断面 有微孔或气泡产生，需将第一段温度、第二段温度、第三段温度、第四段温度和第五段温度各降低 5 ℃ -10 ℃。
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