WO2015090506A1 - Vorrichtung zur regulierung des lichtdurchtritts - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur regulierung des lichtdurchtritts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015090506A1 WO2015090506A1 PCT/EP2014/003153 EP2014003153W WO2015090506A1 WO 2015090506 A1 WO2015090506 A1 WO 2015090506A1 EP 2014003153 W EP2014003153 W EP 2014003153W WO 2015090506 A1 WO2015090506 A1 WO 2015090506A1
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- Prior art keywords
- formula
- liquid
- crystalline material
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- 0 CC1CC(*c2c(C)c(*)cc(C)c2)C(C)CC1 Chemical compound CC1CC(*c2c(C)c(*)cc(C)c2)C(C)CC1 0.000 description 6
- DYSJQUQJVBYIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(ccc(C)c1F)c1F Chemical compound Cc(ccc(C)c1F)c1F DYSJQUQJVBYIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3405—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a five-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
- C09K19/601—Azoic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
- C09K19/603—Anthroquinonic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
- C09K19/606—Perylene dyes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
- C09K2019/0407—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a carbocyclic ring, e.g. dicyano-benzene, chlorofluoro-benzene or cyclohexanone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
- C09K2019/0411—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a chlorofluoro-benzene, e.g. 2-chloro-3-fluoro-phenylene-1,4-diyl
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3009—Cy-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3016—Cy-Ph-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3021—Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/3071—Cy-Cy-COO-Cy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/3078—Cy-Cy-COO-Ph-Cy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3405—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a five-membered ring
- C09K2019/3408—Five-membered ring with oxygen(s) in fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2219/00—Aspects relating to the form of the liquid crystal [LC] material, or by the technical area in which LC material are used
- C09K2219/13—Aspects relating to the form of the liquid crystal [LC] material, or by the technical area in which LC material are used used in the technical field of thermotropic switches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
Definitions
- the present application relates to a device for regulating the passage of light, the device comprising a layer containing a liquid crystalline material containing a dye compound and a compound having a characteristic structural element.
- the term light is understood in particular to mean electromagnetic radiation in the UV-A, VIS, and NIR range. Again, in particular, light is understood to mean a wavelength which is not or only slightly absorbed by the materials usually used in windows (eg glass).
- the UV-A range is understood as meaning a wavelength of 320 to 380 nm
- the VIS range being understood as a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
- Daylight is light emanating from the sun. Daylight is preferably directly from the sun. It can, however, also over
- liquid-crystalline material is understood as meaning a material which has liquid-crystalline properties under certain conditions.
- liquid-crystalline properties is familiar to the person skilled in the art and is understood as customary in the field of physical chemistry. In the narrower sense, this means that the material is liquid and has directional properties.
- a liquid-crystalline material is understood as meaning a material which is in a temperature range which encloses the room temperature.
- Switching devices which cover a surface and more or less hinder the passage of light through this surface depending on their switching state.
- Such devices may be based on different mechanisms and may be, for example, thermally or electrically switchable.
- An example of an electrically switchable device for regulating the passage of light is disclosed in WO 2009/141295 and in the not yet disclosed applications WO 2014/090367 and WO 2014/090373.
- the devices described there have a layer containing a liquid-crystalline material, wherein the liquid-crystalline material comprises at least one dye compound and at least one host material.
- the host material is a mixture of different liquid crystalline compounds.
- liquid crystalline material containing the dye is a stable solution, and / or that no crystallization or formation of new phases in the liquid crystalline material, especially at low temperatures occurs. Furthermore, it is desirable that the liquid crystalline material of
- the Device has a high anisotropy of absorption.
- a liquid-crystalline material in the device which has a clearing point of at least 95 ° C, and having the characteristic features shown below, devices with very long life and high stability to low temperatures to be obtained.
- the liquid-crystalline materials containing one or more dye compounds according to the invention are distinguished by one or more, preferably all of the properties mentioned below: high solubility of the dye compound, high long-term stability of the solution at room temperature and at low temperatures, and a high degree of anisotropy of the absorption.
- the present application therefore relates to a device for regulating the passage of light, which comprises a layer comprising a liquid-crystalline material containing a dye compound, the liquid-crystalline material having a clearing point of at least 95 ° C. and containing at least one compound V, which comprises at least one unit selected from units of formulas (E-1), (E-2) and (E-3)
- W is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, -NC, -CNO, -CNS and N 3 ;
- U is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, -NC, -CNO, -CNS, N 3 , and an alkyl group. , Alkoxy or alkylthio group having 1 to 10 C atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl, alkoxy or
- Alkylthio group may be replaced by F or Cl, and wherein one or more CH 2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or
- Alkylthio group may be replaced by O or S; dotted lines symbolize bonds to the rest of the compound, and at least one group U per unit of formula (E-3) is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, - NC, -CNO, -CNS and N 3 .
- X is the same or different selected from F and -CN at each occurrence.
- W is -CN.
- At most four groups U per unit of formula (E-3) are selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, -NC, -CNO, -CNS and N 3 , more preferably at most two.
- Very particular preference is given to exactly one group U per unit of the formula (E-3) selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, -NC, -CNO, -CNS and N 3 .
- the remaining groups U in the unit of formula (E-3) are equal to H.
- U is the same or different selected from H, F and CN at each occurrence.
- the compound V contains at least one unit of the formula (E-1), more preferably exactly one unit of the formula (E-1).
- the compound V contains at least one unit of the formula (E-2), more preferably exactly one unit of the formula (E-2).
- the compound V contains exactly one unit selected from units of the formula (E-1), (E-2) and (E-3). Particularly preferably, the compound V contains exactly one unit selected from units of the formula (E-1) and (E-2).
- Preferred embodiments of the unit of the formula (E-1) are the following units of the formulas (E-1-1) to (E-1 -3)
- X 2 is the same or different on each occurrence selected from - CN, -NCO, -NCS, -SCN, -OCN, -NC, -CNO, -CNS and N 3 .
- X 1 is preferably equal to F.
- X 2 is preferably CN.
- Particularly preferred embodiments of the unit of the formula (E-1) are the units of the formulas (E-1 -1a) to (E-1 3a) mentioned below.
- a preferred embodiment of the unit of formula (E-2) is the following unit of formula (E-2-1)
- a preferred embodiment of the unit of the formula (E-3) is the following unit of the formula (E-3-1)
- the compound V preferably has a structure according to the following formula
- R V1 , R V2 are the same or different alkyl or with each occurrence
- the units of the formula (E-1) or (E-2) or (E-3) are preferably present in their preferred embodiments, in particular in the embodiments corresponding to formula (E-1 -1a), (E-1 -2a), (E-1 -3a), (E-2-1) and (E-3-1).
- the compound of the formula (V) preferably contains exactly one unit selected from units of the formula (E-1), (E-2) and (E-3), more preferably exactly one unit selected from units of the formula (E-1) and (E-2).
- the index n is preferably 1 or 2.
- a x for example, “A V1 ", to improve readability in the body text.
- a 1 is the same or different selected at each occurrence , and units of the formula (E-1 -1a), (E-1-2a), (E-1 -3a), (E-2-1) and (E-3-1).
- Preferred embodiments of the compound V correspond to the following formulas (V-1) to (V-8)
- the groups R V1 and R V2 are preferably identical or different on each occurrence selected from alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the group X is preferably identical or different on each occurrence selected from F and CN.
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably has a clearing point of at least 100 ° C., particularly preferably a clearing point of at least 105 ° C.
- liquid-crystalline material at least in a temperature range from -20 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably at least in a temperature range from -30 ° C to 100 ° C, most preferably at least in a temperature range of -40 ° C to 105 ° C, and most preferably at least one
- the liquid-crystalline material has a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of -2 to -10, preferably -3 to -8, particularly preferably -4 to -7. Measuring methods for the dielectric anisotropy are given in the embodiments.
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably has an optical anisotropy ⁇ of 0.01 to 0.3, particularly preferably 0.03 to 0.20. Measuring methods for the optical anisotropy are given in the embodiments.
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably represents a mixture of various organic compounds, which in turn preferably have liquid-crystalline properties.
- the liquid-crystalline material contains 8 to 30 different organic
- the said organic compounds preferably have an elongated shape, ie they point in one of the three spatial directions a much larger extent than in the other two
- organic compounds having these properties are known to the person skilled in the art.
- Particularly preferred as constituents of the liquid-crystalline material according to the present application are organic compounds which result from a para linkage of two or more, preferably two, three or four six-membered rings, in particular cyclohexane rings, cyclohexene rings, benzene rings, pyridine rings, pyrimidine rings and tetrahydropyran rings.
- the compound V preferably represents such an organic compound as described above.
- the liquid crystalline contains
- Material one to twenty compounds V each having a different structure, particularly preferably 5 to 15 compounds V, each having a different structure.
- one or more are in the liquid crystalline material
- R 1 , R 2 on each occurrence are identical or different F, Cl, -CN,
- a 1 is identically or differently selected on each occurrence from one of the following groups
- Y is the same or different at each occurrence selected from F, Cl, CN, and alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups by F or Cl may be replaced, and wherein one or more Chfe groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups may be replaced by O or S; and
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably contains no compounds containing siloxane groups, more preferably no compounds containing silicon.
- the liquid-crystalline material has a total content of compounds V of at least 40% by weight, more preferably of at least 50% by weight, most preferably of at least 60% by weight, and most preferably of at least 70% by weight.
- the liquid crystalline material comprises one or more compounds corresponding to the formula (F-1) where R 1 , R 12 are the same or different at each occurrence, F, Cl, -CN,
- R 3 represents, identically or differently, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms in each occurrence, in which one or more Hydrogen atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, and in which one or more CH 2 groups may be replaced by O or S;
- a 11 is the same or different at each occurrence selected from the following groups
- ⁇ is the same or different at each occurrence from F, Cl,
- alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups may be replaced by F or Cl, and wherein one or more CH 2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups may be replaced by O or S.
- R 11 , R 12 are preferably the same or different at each occurrence, alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Z 11 is preferably identically or differently selected on each occurrence from -CO-O-, -O-CO- and a single bond.
- a 11 is preferably the same or different selected at each occurrence
- Y is defined as above and preferably equal to F or CN.
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably contains in a total proportion of 0 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 wt .-% to 25 wt .-% and most preferably 10 wt .-% to 20 wt .-% compound (en) of the formula (F-1).
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably contains at least one
- Compound V which comprises a unit of formula (E-2), and at least one compound of formula (F-1).
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably contains in a total proportion of at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight and most preferably of at least 50% by weight of compounds selected from compound (s) V comprising at least one unit of formula (E-2) and compound (s) of formula (F-1).
- liquid crystalline material comprises one or more compounds corresponding to the formula (F-2) in which
- R 21 is defined as R 11 above; R 22 is defined as R 12 above; Z 21 is defined as Z 1 above; and A 2 is defined as A above.
- R 21 , R 22 are preferably identical or different at each occurrence, alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Z 21 is preferably a single bond.
- a 21 is preferably the same or different in each occurrence
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (F-2) correspond to the following formulas (F-2-1) and (F-2-2)
- the liquid-crystalline material preferably contains in a total proportion of 0 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3 wt .-% to 20 wt .-% and most preferably 5 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% compound (en) of the formula (F-2).
- the liquid-crystalline material according to the invention contains one or more chiral dopants.
- the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material are preferably in the layer of the device according to the invention
- liquid-crystalline material according to the invention contains no chiral
- the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material are not twisted against each other.
- the LC device is particularly preferably in the antiparallel mode.
- Chiral dopants are preferably used in the liquid-crystalline material according to the invention in a total concentration of from 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05% by weight to 1% by weight.
- Total concentration of the chiral dopants are also greater than 3 wt .-%, preferably up to a maximum of 10 wt .-%.
- Preferred dopants are the compounds depicted in the following table:
- the liquid-crystalline material according to the invention furthermore preferably contains one or more stabilizers.
- the total concentration of the stabilizers is preferably between 0.00001 wt .-% and 10 wt .-%, more preferably between 0.0001 wt .-% and 1 wt .-% of the total mixture.
- Preferred stabilizers are shown in the following table:
- the liquid-crystalline material according to the invention contains one or more dye compounds.
- the dye compounds are preferably organic compounds, more preferably organic compounds containing at least one fused aryl or heteroaryl group.
- the liquid-crystalline material according to the invention preferably contains at least two, more preferably at least three, and most preferably three or four different dye compounds.
- the at least two dye compounds each cover different regions of the light spectrum.
- the absorption spectra of the dye compounds preferably complement each other in such a way that
- Dye compounds are used, of which at least one blue light absorbs, at least one green to yellow light
- Light color is according to B. Bahadur, Liquid Crystals - Applications and Uses, Vol. 3, 1992, World Scientific Publishing, Section 11.2.1. It should be noted that the perceived color of the dye compound in each case represents the complementary color to the absorbed color, that is to say that a blue-absorbing dye compound has a yellow color.
- Liquid-crystalline material is preferably a total of 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 7 wt .-% and most preferably 0.2 to 7 wt .-%.
- the proportion of a single dye compound is preferably 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.05 to 7 wt .-% and most preferably 0.1 to 7 wt .-%.
- the dye compound contained in the liquid-crystalline material is preferably dissolved in this.
- the dye compound is preferably influenced in its orientation by the orientation of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material.
- the dye compounds are dichroic
- Dye compounds more preferably positive dichroic
- Dye compounds By positive dichroic is meant that the dye compound has a positive Anisotropiegrad R, determined as indicated in the embodiments has. More preferably, the degree of anisotropy R is greater than 0.4, even more preferably greater than 0.5, and most preferably greater than 0.6. Preferably, the absorption of the dye compound reaches a maximum when the polarization direction of the light is parallel to the direction of the longest dimension of the molecule of the dye compound, and reaches a minimum when the polarization direction of the light is perpendicular to the direction of the longest dimension of the molecule
- the dye compound according to the present application predominantly absorbs light in the UV-VIS-NIR range, i. H. in a wavelength range of 320 to 2000 nm.
- the dye compound is a fluorescent dye compound. Fluorescence is understood here to mean that a compound is converted into an electronically excited state by absorption of light of a specific wavelength, wherein the
- the Compound then passes under emission of light in the ground state.
- the emitted light has a longer wavelength than the absorbed light.
- the transition from the excited state to the ground state is spin-allowed, that is, without changing the spin.
- the lifetime of the excited state of the fluorescent compound is shorter than 10 ⁇ 5s , more preferably shorter than 10 ⁇ s, most preferably between 10 ⁇ 9 and 10 "7s .
- the dye compound is preferably selected from the dye classes specified in B. Bahadur, Liquid Crystals - Applications and Uses, Vol. 3, 1992, World Scientific Publishing, Section 11.2.1, and more preferably from the explicit compounds listed in the table.
- the dye compound is preferably selected from azo compounds, anthraquinones, methine compounds, azomethine compounds,
- anthraquinone dyes such as disclosed in detail in DE 3307238
- rylene dyes such as in EP 2166040, US 2011/0042651, EP 68427, EP 47027, EP 60895, DE 3110960 and EP 698649 discloses and benzothiadiazole dyes, as disclosed for example in the not yet disclosed application EP13002711.3.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a
- liquid-crystalline material containing a dye compound, the liquid-crystalline material having a clearing point of at least 95 ° C and containing at least one compound V containing at least one unit selected from units of the formulas (E-1), (E-2) and (E) 3), in a device for regulating the passage of light.
- compound V is also preferred, as are the other preferred
- Liquid crystalline material according to the invention are given.
- the liquid crystalline material is present in the device in a layer.
- This layer is preferably switchable, thus represents a switching layer.
- the device according to the invention is preferably suitable for regulating the passage of light in the form of daylight from the environment into a room.
- the light passage to be regulated takes place from the environment (the outer space) into a room.
- the space can be any space largely closed off from the surroundings, for example a building, a vehicle or a container.
- the device can be used generally for any space, especially if they have only limited air exchange with the environment and have transparent boundary surfaces through which energy input can take place from the outside in the form of light energy. Particularly relevant is the use of the device for rooms, which strong sunlight through translucent areas,
- the device according to the invention is preferably arranged in an opening of a larger planar structure, wherein the planar structure itself does not or only slightly allows passage of light, and wherein the opening is relatively more translucent.
- the planar structure is a wall or other boundary of a room to the outside.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in that it has a surface area of at least 0.05 m 2 , preferably at least 0.1 m 2 , more preferably at least 0.5 m 2 and most preferably at least 0.8 m 2 .
- the device according to the invention is switchable. Under circuit is thereby a change of the light passage through the device
- the device according to the invention is preferably electrically switchable. If the device is electrically switchable, it preferably comprises two or more electrodes which are attached to both sides of the switching layer containing the liquid-crystalline material.
- the electrodes are preferably made of ITO or of a thin, preferably transparent metal and / or metal oxide layer, for example of silver or FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) or an alternative material known to the person skilled in the art for this use.
- the electrodes are preferably provided with electrical connections.
- the voltage is preferably provided by a battery, an accumulator, or by external power supply.
- the switching operation takes place in the case of electrical switching by aligning the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material by the application of voltage.
- the device is characterized by applying a voltage from a high absorption state, i. H. low light transmittance, which is present without tension, in one
- the liquid crystalline material in the layer in the device is nematic in both states.
- the tensionless state is preferably characterized in that the molecules of the
- Dye compound aligned parallel to the plane of the switching layer. This is preferred by a correspondingly chosen
- the state under tension is preferably characterized in that the molecules of the liquid-crystalline
- the device by applying a voltage from a state of low absorption, ie, high light transmittance, which is present without voltage, in a state of higher absorption, d. H lower light transmittance, transferred.
- This is preferred liquid crystalline material in the layer in the device is nematic in both states.
- the stress-free state is preferably characterized in that the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material, and thus the molecules of the dye compound, are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the switching layer. This is preferably achieved by a correspondingly selected orientation layer.
- the state under tension is preferably characterized in that the molecules of the liquid crystalline material, and thus the molecules of the
- a solar cell or other device for converting light and / or heat energy into electrical energy, which is connected to the device.
- the provision of energy by the solar cell can be directly or indirectly, i. H. via an interposed battery or accumulator or other unit for storing energy done.
- the solar cell is attached to the outside of the device or it is an integral part of the
- the device according to the invention preferably has the following
- Layer sequence on, with additional layers may be present in addition.
- the layers indicated below in the device directly adjoin one another.
- Substrate layer preferably of glass or polymer
- Substrate layer preferably of glass or polymer.
- the preferred embodiments of the individual layers are shown below.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises one or more, particularly preferably two orientation layers.
- Orientation layers are preferably directly adjacent to the two sides of the layer containing the liquid crystalline material.
- orientation layers of the device according to the invention it is possible to use any layers known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose.
- Polyimide rubbed in a manner known to those skilled in the art results in orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystalline material in the rubbing direction when the molecules are parallel to the orientation layer (planar alignment). It is preferred that the molecules of the liquid-crystalline material are not completely planar on the orientation layer, but have a slight setting angle (pretilt).
- pretilt For achieving vertical alignment of the compounds of the liquid crystalline material to the surface of the orientation layer (homeotropic alignment), it is preferable to use polyimide treated as specific material as the material for the
- Orientation layer used (polyimide for very high pretilt angle). Furthermore, polymers obtained by a polarized light exposure process may be used as the orientation layer for
- the layer containing the liquid-crystalline material is preferably arranged between two substrate layers or enclosed by them.
- the substrate layers may consist, for example, of glass or a polymer, preferably a transparent polymer.
- the device is characterized in that it does not have a polymer-based polarizer, more preferably none in solid Matter phase present polarizer and most preferably no polarizer at all.
- the device may also have one or more polarizers.
- the polarizers are preferably linear polarizers.
- its absorption direction is preferably perpendicular to the orientation axis of the compounds of the liquid-crystalline material of the device according to the invention on that side of the switching layer on which the polarizer is located.
- both absorptive and reflective polarizers can be used.
- Polarizers used which are present as thin optical films.
- reflective polarizers that can be used in the device of the invention are DRPF (diffuse reflective polarizer film, 3M), DBEF (dual brightness enhanced film, 3M), DBR (layered polymer distributed Bragg reflectors, as described in US Pat 7,038,745 and US 6,099,758) and APF films (Advanced Polariser Film, 3M, see Technical Digest SID 2006, 45.1, US 2011/0043732 and US 7023602).
- polarizers based on wire gratings WGP, wire-grid polarisers
- absorptive polarizers which in the inventive
- Polarizer film and the Nitto Denko GU-1220DUN polarizer film are examples of a circular polarizer which can be used in the present invention.
- An example of a circular polarizer which can be used in the present invention is the polarizer APNCP37-035-STD (American Polarizers).
- Another example is the polarizer CP42 (ITOS).
- the device according to the invention contains a
- Light guide system the light to a solar cell or other
- the lighting control system collects and concentrates light that is on the Device meets. Preferably, it collects and concentrates light emitted from the dye compound.
- the light guide system is in contact with a device for converting light energy into electrical energy, preferably a solar cell, so that the collected light hits it in a concentrated manner.
- the device for converting light energy into electrical energy is mounted on the edge of the device, integrated into it and electrically connected to means for electrical circuit of the device according to the invention.
- the inventive lighting control system collects and concentrates light that is on the Device meets. Preferably, it collects and concentrates light emitted from the dye compound.
- the light guide system is in contact with a device for converting light energy into electrical energy, preferably a solar cell, so that the collected light hits it in a concentrated manner.
- the device for converting light energy into electrical energy is mounted on the edge of the device, integrated into it and electrically connected to means for electrical circuit of the device according to the invention.
- the inventive lighting control system collects and concentrates light
- a window is understood in particular as meaning a structure in a building which contains a frame and at least one glass pane encompassed by this frame.
- a window includes a heat-insulating frame and two or more glass sheets
- the device according to the invention is applied directly to a glass surface of a window, more preferably in the space between two glass panes of multi-pane insulating glass.
- a window containing a device according to the invention is a further subject of the invention.
- liquid-crystalline mixtures E1 to E10 are prepared, which are mixtures according to the present application.
- composition of the mixtures V1, V2 and E1 - E10 is in
- the clearing point in degrees Celsius the optical anisotropy ⁇ and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ are given.
- the physical properties are determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", Status Nov. 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany and are valid for a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the value of ⁇ is determined at 589 nm and the value of ⁇ is determined at 1 kHz.
- the low-temperature stability is measured in bottles and in approximately 6-micron-thick test cells at room temperature (+ 20 ° C) and at the
- the samples are subjected to a visual inspection for crystals or the formation of smectic phases. Unless crystals or smectic phases in the bottle or test cell are observed at any of the temperatures listed, the test is continued.
- mixtures containing one or more dyes are prepared.
- a representative selection of the results is shown below.
- the degree of anisotropy R is determined from the value for the
- Extinction coefficients E (p) (extinction coefficient of the mixture with parallel alignment of the molecules to the direction of polarization of the light) and the value of the extinction coefficient of the mixture E (s)
- Absorption band selected.
- the alignment of the molecules of the mixture is achieved by an alignment layer, as known to those skilled in the art of LC devices.
- an alignment layer as known to those skilled in the art of LC devices.
- other absorptions and / or reflections is in each case against an identically present
- the measurement is carried out with linearly polarized light whose
- Vibration direction is either parallel to the orientation direction (determination of E (p)) or perpendicular to the orientation direction (determination of E (s)).
- This can be achieved by a linear polarizer with the polarizer rotated against the device to realize the two different directions of vibration.
- the measurement of E (p) and E (s) thus takes place via the rotation of the Vibration direction of the irradiated polarized light.
- the sample can also be rotated against a spatially fixed polarization direction of the irradiated polarized light.
- the degree of anisotropy R is calculated from the values obtained for E (s) and E (p) according to the formula
- inventive mixtures is higher than in the comparison mixture.
- solubility in the mixtures according to the invention is significantly higher than in the comparison mixture.
- V1 (Vgl) F6 0.25 wt% 447 nm 0.81
- E7 F6 0.25 wt% 451 nm 0.81
- the example shows that the mixtures according to the invention for the dye F6 have similar anisotropy levels as the comparative mixture V1.
- Dyes can be produced.
- the resulting mixtures are characterized by high levels of anisotropy and high solubility of the dye compounds with high solution stability and are therefore ideal for use in devices for regulating the passage of light.
- the liquid crystalline material containing the dyes is in a
- the liquid crystalline material is planar in this arrangement
- Switching layer containing the liquid crystalline material can be applied. By applying voltage, color-neutral switching of the device between dark (no voltage) and bright (voltage) can be achieved. The color impression is gray.
- the light transmittances ⁇ v in accordance with this standard take into account the relative spectral distribution of the standard light species and the spectral light sensitivity level of the normal observer.
- a further device according to the invention is produced, which comprises two switching layers, as disclosed in the exemplary embodiments of the not yet disclosed application EP13002445.8.
- the device has the following layer arrangement:
- a device for regulating the light transmission with double switching layer manufactured.
- this device is used to produce a device for regulating the passage of light with a single switching layer.
- a device for regulating the light transmission with double switching layer manufactured.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/105,729 US10626666B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | Device for regulating the passage of light |
KR1020167019380A KR102254011B1 (ko) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | 광의 통과를 조절하기 위한 장치 |
JP2016541058A JP6862181B2 (ja) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | 光の通過を制御するためのデバイス |
EP14805180.8A EP3083885B1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | Fenster |
EP19200000.8A EP3623451B1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | Verbindung |
CN201480068767.6A CN105829497A (zh) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-11-26 | 调节光透射的设备 |
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EP13005935 | 2013-12-19 | ||
EP13005935.5 | 2013-12-19 | ||
EP14000141.3 | 2014-01-15 | ||
EP14000141 | 2014-01-15 |
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EP (2) | EP3083885B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6862181B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102254011B1 (de) |
CN (2) | CN113684038A (de) |
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WO2020127141A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Switching layers for use in a switching element |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2017501450A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
TWI685560B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
EP3083885A1 (de) | 2016-10-26 |
US10626666B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
TW201534701A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
JP6862181B2 (ja) | 2021-04-21 |
US20160319592A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
CN113684038A (zh) | 2021-11-23 |
KR102254011B1 (ko) | 2021-05-20 |
EP3083885B1 (de) | 2019-10-09 |
CN105829497A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
EP3623451A1 (de) | 2020-03-18 |
KR20160099694A (ko) | 2016-08-22 |
EP3623451B1 (de) | 2021-01-20 |
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