CN109153917B - 液晶材料 - Google Patents
液晶材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109153917B CN109153917B CN201780030738.4A CN201780030738A CN109153917B CN 109153917 B CN109153917 B CN 109153917B CN 201780030738 A CN201780030738 A CN 201780030738A CN 109153917 B CN109153917 B CN 109153917B
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SPKSOWKQTVDRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)benzoic acid Chemical group O=C1C=2C(C)=CC=CC=2C(=O)N1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 SPKSOWKQTVDRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical class [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 77
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- -1 n-octyl Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004955 1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004464 hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000815 N-oxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001392 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQDYNFWTFJFEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydropyrene Chemical class C1=C2CCCC(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 HQDYNFWTFJFEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004906 1,2,3,4-tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZFXBERJDEUDDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetrazine Chemical class C1=NC=NN=N1 ZFXBERJDEUDDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical class C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003919 1,2,3-triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004907 1,2,4,5-tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazole Chemical class C=1N=CSN=1 YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003920 1,2,4-triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004868 1,2,5-thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CCCC4=CC=C1C2=C43 UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004869 1,3,4-thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000000182 1,3,5-triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCTIZUUFUMDWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=C(NC=N3)C3=NC2=C1 FCTIZUUFUMDWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZPPANJXLZUWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-naphtho[2,1-e]benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(N=CN1)=C1C=C2 GZPPANJXLZUWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CSC=C21 LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzo[e]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=CN3)=C3C=CC2=C1 ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004904 UV filter Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004948 alkyl aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000522 cyclooctenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]fluorene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002478 indolizines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001042 pteridinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=CC2=NC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005407 trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本申请涉及包含空间位阻N‑氧化物和染料的液晶材料。本发明还涉及所述液晶材料在用于调节太阳光通过的光学切换器件中的用途。
Description
本申请涉及液晶材料,其包含染料和含有N-氧化物基团的化合物。由于其高的光和热稳定性,所述液晶材料非常适用于调节太阳光的通过的光学切换器件。这些尤其可以用于建筑物的窗户中或透光的屋顶中,特别是用于机动车辆中。
这种类型的切换器件以可切换窗户(智能窗户)的概念已知。这些描述在综述中,例如,在B.Jelle等人,Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells 2012,第1-28页中。在此术语可切换窗户还包括可切换的透光屋顶,例如天窗或汽车顶。
这些可切换窗户的变体使用包含染料的液晶材料。这些染料通过液晶材料的分子以限定的、可影响的方式在空间中取向,使得它们在一种切换状态下吸收较多的入射光,而在另一种切换状态下吸收较少的入射光。含有液晶材料的可切换窗户的实例尤其描述在WO2009/141295中。
仍然需要用于上述应用的新的液晶材料。在此已经发现,用于调节太阳光通过的光学切换器件经受热和太阳光的高负荷,这可能导致存在于切换器件中的由液晶材料构成的层的颜色变化或其他功能性干扰。
因此,对于对高温和强烈的太阳光入射具有特别高的稳定性的新的液晶材料具有相当大的兴趣。
实现这些性质的一种可行方案是使用具有尽可能稳定的染料。过去已经多次采用这种方案,但缺点是染料必须具有许多其它性质,例如良好的溶解性、高的各向异性度和适当的吸收波长。然而,这些性质的优化以及高的光和温度稳定性极大地限制了可用化合物的范畴。
因此,非常需要替代方案,通过该方案可以获得光稳定和温度稳定的含染料的液晶材料。
令人惊奇的是,在这方面已经发现,向含染料的液晶材料中加入含有空间位阻的N-氧化物基团的化合物大幅增加了它们的光和温度稳定性。
因此,本发明涉及液晶材料,其特征在于其包含染料和含有式(1)的空间位阻基团的化合物(I)。
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,式(1)的基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接。
式(1)的基团是自由基,其中氧原子上的不成对电子用点表示。
根据本发明的液晶材料具有高度光稳定的令人惊奇的性质。特别地,在70℃的样品表面温度下在Suntest CPS+中曝光后,它在Lab颜色空间中表现出小于6.0,优选小于5.0,特别优选小于4.0,非常特别优选小于3.0的色差ΔE*。
在此如工作实例中所示定义Lab颜色空间的参数和色差ΔE*。
此外,根据本发明的材料表现出良好的热稳定性,特别是在100℃下暴露于热7天后,小于6.0,优选小于5.0的在Lab颜色空间中的小的色差ΔE*。
就本申请的目的而言,以下定义适用:
术语“液晶材料”是指在至少一个温度范围内具有液晶性质,特别是向列型液晶性质的材料。
烷基、烯基或炔基特别是指基团甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,2-甲基丁基,正戊基,仲戊基,环戊基,新戊基,正己基,环己基,新己基,正庚基,环庚基,正辛基,环辛基,2-乙基己基,三氟甲基,五氟乙基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,乙烯基,丙烯基,丁烯基,戊烯基,环戊烯基,己烯基,环己烯基,庚烯基,环庚烯基,辛烯基,环辛烯基,乙炔基,丙炔基,丁炔基,戊炔基,己炔基或辛炔基。
烷氧基或硫代烷基特别是指甲氧基,三氟甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基,叔丁氧基,正戊氧基,仲戊氧基,2-甲基丁氧基,正己氧基,环己氧基,正庚氧基,环庚氧基,正辛氧基,环辛氧基,2-乙基己氧基,五氟乙氧基,2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,甲硫基,乙硫基,正丙硫基,异丙硫基,正丁硫基,异丁硫基,仲丁硫基,叔丁硫基,正戊硫基,仲戊硫基,正己硫基,环己硫基,正庚硫基,环庚硫基,正辛硫基,环辛硫基,2-乙基己硫基,三氟甲硫基,五氟乙硫基,2,2,2-三氟乙硫基,乙烯硫基,丙烯硫基,丁烯硫基,戊烯硫基,环戊烯硫基,己烯硫基,环己烯基硫基,庚烯硫基,环庚烯硫基,辛烯硫基,环辛烯硫基,乙炔硫基,丙炔硫基,丁炔硫基,戊炔硫基,己炔基硫基,庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
芳基或杂芳基特别是指苯,萘,蒽,菲,芘,二氢芘,二萘嵌苯(perylene),三亚苯,荧蒽,苯并蒽,苯并菲,并四苯,并五苯,苯并芘,呋喃,苯并呋喃,异苯并呋喃,二苯并呋喃,噻吩,苯并噻吩,异苯并噻吩,二苯并噻吩,吡咯,吲哚,异吲哚,咔唑,吡啶,喹啉,异喹啉,吖啶,菲啶,苯并-5,6-喹啉,苯并-6,7-喹啉,苯并-7,8-喹啉,吩噻嗪,吩嗪,吡唑,吲唑,咪唑,苯并咪唑,萘并咪唑,菲并咪唑,吡啶并咪唑,吡嗪并咪唑,喹喔啉并咪唑,唑,苯并唑,萘并唑,蒽并唑,菲并唑,异唑,1,2-噻唑,1,3-噻唑,苯并噻唑,哒嗪,苯并哒嗪,嘧啶,苯并嘧啶,喹喔啉,吡嗪,吩嗪,萘啶,氮杂咔唑,苯并咔啉,菲咯啉,1,2,3-三唑,1,2,4-三唑,苯并三唑,1,2,3-二唑,1,2,4-二唑,1,2,5-二唑,1,3,4-二唑,1,2,3-噻二唑,1,2,4-噻二唑,1,2,5-噻二唑,1,3,4-噻二唑,1,3,5-三嗪,1,2,4-三嗪,1,2,3-三嗪,四唑,1,2,4,5-四嗪,1,2,3,4-四嗪,1,2,3,5-四嗪,嘌呤,蝶啶,吲哚嗪,苯并噻二唑,二联苯,三联苯,四联苯,芴,螺二芴,二氢菲,二氢芘,四氢芘,茚并芴,三聚茚(truxene),异三聚茚(isotruxene),螺三聚茚(spirotruxene),螺异三聚茚(spiroisotruxene)和茚并咔唑。
阳光是指从太阳直接或间接(例如通过镜面反射)发出的光。阳光优选是指VIS、UV-A和NIR区域中的光,特别是波长为320nm至2000nm的光。这优选地是指VIS区域中的光。在此VIS区域中的光是指波长为380nm至780nm的光。
就本发明的目的而言,与式(1)的基团相关的术语空间位阻被认为是指在空间上掩蔽(screen)N-O单元的基团存在于N-O单元附近。这些优选是季C原子,其直接键合到N-O单元的氮原子上。季碳原子特别优选与N-O单元的氮原子的两个键键合。在此季碳原子优选为带有三个烷基的碳原子,每个烷基具有1至12个C原子。
化合物(I)优选含有式(1-1)或(1-2)的基团
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,该基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接,和
其中R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自Si(R3)3和具有1至12个C原子的烷基,其可以被一个或多个选自F、Cl和CN的基团取代;和
其中R2在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,F,C(=O)R3,CN,Si(R3)3,N(R3)2,P(=O)(R3)2,OR3,S(=O)R3,S(=O)2R3,具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基或烷氧基,具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状烷基或烷氧基,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基;其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基以及所述芳基和杂芳基在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R3取代;和其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基中的一个或多个CH2基团可以被-R3C=CR3-,-C≡C-,Si(R3)2,C=O,C=NR3,-C(=O)O-,-C(=O)NR3-,NR3,P(=O)(R3),-O-,-S-,SO或SO2替代;和
其中R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H、D、F、CN,具有1至20个C原子的烷基或烷氧基,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基;其中两个或更多个基团R3可以彼此连接并且可以形成环;和其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基,芳基和杂芳基可以被F或CN取代。
R1优选选自具有1-8个C原子的烷基。R1特别优选等于甲基。
R2优选等于H。
Si(R3)2基团中的R3优选选自具有1至20个C原子的烷基和具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基。
化合物(I)优选含有式(1-1)的基团。
化合物(I)特别优选含有恰好一个、恰好两个、恰好三个或恰好四个式(1)的基团。非常特别优选含有恰好两个式(1)的基团。在化合物(I)含有多个式(1)基团的情况下,优选这些基团通过一个或多个间隔基团彼此隔开。
化合物(I)特别优选含有式(1-1-1)的基团
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,该基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接,和
其中R1如上所定义,并且优选等于甲基。
化合物(I)优选符合式(I)
其中以下适用于出现的变量:
U在每次出现时相同或不同地选自-CH2-,-O-,-S-和-NH-;;
Sp选自具有2至10个C原子的亚烷基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚烯基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚炔基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代;
R1如上定义;
R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H、D、F、CN,具有1至20个C原子的烷基或烷氧基,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基和具有5-40个芳环原子的杂芳基;其中两个或更多个基团R3可以彼此连接并且可以形成环;和其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基,芳基和杂芳基可以被F或CN取代;
i在每次出现时相同或不同地为0或1;
p等于2、3或4。
式(I)中的R1优选等于甲基。此外,i优选等于1。此外,p优选等于2。此外,U优选等于-O-。此外,Sp优选选自具有2至10个C原子的亚烷基。
化合物(I)特别优选符合式(I-1)
其中以下适用于出现的变量:
Sp选自具有2至10个C原子的亚烷基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚烯基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚炔基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代;
R4如上定义。
式(I-1)中的R4特别优选选自具有2至10个C原子的亚烷基。
优选的特定化合物(I)描述于下表中:
化合物(I)优选以0.01重量%至1重量%的比例,特别优选以0.02重量%至0.8重量%的比例存在于液晶材料中。
液晶材料优选在通常的环境温度下是向列型液晶。特别优选在通常环境温度以上和以下的+-20℃范围内,非常特别优选在通常环境温度以上和以下的+-30℃范围内是向列型液晶。此外,液晶材料优选的清亮点,优选从向列型液晶态到各向同性态的相转变,高于80℃,特别优选高于100℃,非常特别优选高于120℃,和最优选高于130℃。
液晶材料优选由具有比例大于90重量%的棒状结构的有机化合物构成。液晶材料优选包含多于3种且少于20种不同的提及的那些的有机化合物。
可用作液晶材料成分的化合物是本领域技术人员已知的,并且原则上可根据需要选择。液晶材料优选包含至少一种含有基于1,4-亚苯基和1,4-亚环己基的结构单元的化合物。液晶材料特别优选包含至少一种含有2、3或4,特别优选3或4个基于1,4-亚苯基和1,4-亚环己基的结构单元的化合物。
液晶材料优选包含一种或多种介晶化合物,其在每种情况下含有选自-Cyc-,-Phe-,-Cyc-Cyc-,-Cyc-Phe-,-Phe-Cyc-,-Phe-Phe-,-Cyc-Z-Cyc-,-Cyc-Z-Phe-,-Phe-Z-Cyc-和-Phe-Z-Phe-的基团,其中Cyc表示反式-1,4-亚环己基,其中另外,一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被-O-和/或-S-替代,和其中另外,一个或多个H原子可以被F替代,
Phe表示1,3-亚苯基或1,4-亚苯基,优选1,4-亚苯基,其中另外,一个或两个不相邻的CH基团可以被N替代,和其中另外,一个或多个H原子可以被L替代,
Z表示-CH2-,-CF2-,-CO-,-O-,-NH-,-NH-(CO)-,-CH2CH2-,-CH=CH-,-CF2O-,-OCF2-,-CH2O-,-OCH2-,-COO-,-OCO-,-C2F4-或-CF=CF-,和
L在每次出现时相同或不同地表示F、Cl、CN或具有1至5个C原子的直链或支链,在每种情况下任选氟化的烷基、烷氧基、芳烷基或烷基芳烷基,其中另外,一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被-O-和/或-S-替代。
此外,液晶材料优选包含至少一种含有至少一个选自以下的基团的化合物:
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,该基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接。
液晶材料特别优选包含至少一种含有至少一个选自以下的基团的化合物:
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,该基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接。
液晶材料优选另外包含含有空间位阻羟基苯基的化合物(II)。这具有可以获得特别是光稳定和温度稳定的液晶材料的技术效果。
在本发明的意义上,术语空间位阻羟基苯基是指掩蔽羟基苯基的化学基团存在于后者的羟基附近。这些化学基团优选键合在苯环上与羟基邻位的一个或两个位置上。这些化学基团特别优选键合在苯环上与羟基邻位的两个位置上。这些化学基团优选选自具有1至10个C原子的烷基和甲硅烷基,其带有选自以下的基团:具有1至12个C原子的烷基和具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基,特别优选选自具有3至10个C原子的支链烷基,非常特别优选选自叔丁基或新戊基。
化合物(II)优选含有式(2)的基团
其中用*标记的键是这样的键,该基团通过该键与化合物的其余部分连接,和
其中R21在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H;带有选自具有1至12个C原子的烷基和具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基的基团的甲硅烷基;和具有1至12个C原子的烷基,其可以被一个或多个选自F、Cl和CN的基团取代,其中至少一个R21选自带有选自具有1至12个C原子的烷基和具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基的基团的甲硅烷基;和具有1至12个C原子的烷基,其可以被一个或多个选自F、Cl和CN的基团取代;和
其中R22在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H和具有1至12个C原子的烷基,其可以被一个或多个选自F、Cl和CN的基团取代。
R21优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自空间大体积的烷基,特别优选选自具有3-12个C原子的支链烷基,其可以被一个或多个选自F、Cl和CN的基团取代。R21非常特别优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自叔丁基和新戊基,R21最优选为叔丁基。
R22优选等于H。
化合物(II)优选含有恰好一个、恰好两个或恰好三个式(2)的基团,特别优选恰好一个式(2)的基团。
化合物(II)优选符合式(II)
其中以下适用于出现的变量:
R21和R22如上定义;
R23选自H、F、Cl、CN、NCS,具有1至20个C原子的烷基,具有1至20个C原子的烷氧基,具有1至10个C原子的硫代烷基,具有2至20个C原子的烯基,和具有2至20个C原子的烯氧基,其中烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷基、烯基和烯氧基中的一个或多个H原子可以被F、Cl或CN替代;
A21在每次出现时相同或不同地选自
X在每次出现时相同或不同地选自F,Cl,CN,N3,-NCS,NO2,-C≡C-RX,具有1至12个C原子的烷基,具有1至10个C原子的烷氧基和具有1至12个C原子的硫代烷基,其中烷基、烷氧基和硫代烷基中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl或CN替代,和其中烷基、烷氧基和硫代烷基中的一个或多个CH2基团可以是被O或S替代;
Rx在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H、CN和具有1至10个C原子的烷基,其中烷基中的一个或多个C原子可以被F、Cl或CN替代;
Z21在每次出现时相同或不同地选自具有1至12个C原子的亚烷基,具有2至12个C原子的亚烯基,具有2至12个C原子的亚炔基,-O-,-S-,-NH-,-(C=O)-O-,-O-(C=O)-,-CF2-O-,-O-CF2-,-O-CH2-和-CH2-O-;
k在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1或2;
m等于0、1、2或3;
n在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1或2。
在式(II)中,R23优选选自具有1至20个C原子的烷基或烷氧基,特别优选选自具有1至12个C原子的烷基。此外,优选的实施方案适用于基团R21和R22。
再此外,k、m和n在每次出现时相同或不同地选自0或1。
此外,优选地,k等于1或2,并且m等于1、2或3。最优选地,k等于1,m等于1并且n等于0,从而得到优选式(IIA)的化合物:
其中出现的变量如上所述。变量R21,R22,R23和A21优选地对应于上述优选实施方案。
化合物(II)的特别优选的实施方案符合下式:
其中n=1,2,3,4,5,6或7,优选等于1,4或7;
式(II-1)
其中n=1,2,3,4,5,6或7,优选等于3;
式(II-2)
其中n=1,2,3,4,5,6或7,优选等于3;
式(II-3)。
优选的特定化合物(II)描述于下表中:
液晶材料特别优选包含式(I-1)的化合物(I)与式(II)的化合物(II)的组合。非常特别优选选自以下化合物的化合物(I)
与选自以下化合物的式(II)的化合物的组合
化合物(II)优选以0.01重量%至1重量%的比例,特别优选以0.02重量%至0.8重量%的比例存在于液晶材料中。
存在于液晶材料中的染料优选为有机化合物,特别优选为含有至少一个稠合芳基或杂芳基的有机化合物。在此稠合芳基或杂芳基是指含有至少两个单个芳环或杂芳环,特别是5-或6-元环(其彼此共享至少一个边)的基团。稠合芳基和杂芳基的实例是萘基,蒽基,芘基,苝基,咔唑基,吖啶基和喹啉基。
液晶材料优选包含至少两种,特别优选至少三种,和非常特别优选三种或四种不同的染料。所述至少两种染料优选各自覆盖光谱的不同区域。
如果液晶材料中存在两种或更多种染料,则这些染料的吸收光谱优选彼此互补,使得基本上整个可见光谱被吸收。因此,人眼产生黑色的印象。这优选通过使用三种或更多种不同的染料来实现,其中至少一种吸收蓝光,其中至少一种吸收绿光至黄光并且其中至少一种吸收红光。在此光的颜色根据B.Bahadur,Liquid Crystals-Applications andUses,第3卷,1992,World Scientific Publishing,第11.2.1节定义。
液晶材料中染料的总比例优选为0.01至20重量%,特别优选0.1至15重量%,和非常特别优选0.2至12重量%。一种或多种染料中每一种单独的染料的比例优选为0.01至15重量%,优选0.05至12重量%,和非常特别优选0.1至10重量%。
存在于液晶材料中的染料优选为溶解在其中的形式。优选通过液晶材料分子在液晶状态下的配向来影响染料的配向。
染料优选是二色性染料,特别优选是正二色性染料。正二色性是指染料具有正的各向异性度R。各向异性度R特别优选大于0.4,非常特别优选大于0.5,和最优选大于0.6。各向异性度R如申请文本WO2015/154848的工作实施例中所示确定。
在供选择的实施方案中,染料也可以是负二色性染料。负二色性是指染料具有负的各向异性度R。
存在于液晶材料中的染料优选全部是正二色性的,或者全部是负二色性的。
此外,优选地,根据本申请的染料主要吸收UV-VIS-NIR区域中的光,即在320至1500nm的波长范围内的光。染料特别优选主要吸收在VIS区域中的光,即在380至780nm的波长范围内的光。染料特别优选在上面定义的UV-VIS-NIR区域中具有一个或多个吸收最大值,优选在VIS区域中,即380nm至780nm的波长。就可切换窗户中的应用而言,同样优选染料在NIR区域中具有一个或多个吸收最大值,特别是在780nm和1500nm之间。
此外,染料优选选自B.Bahadur,Liquid Crystals-Applications and Uses,第3卷,1992,World Scientific Publishing,第11.2.1节中所示的染料类别,特别优选选自表中所示的明确的化合物。
染料优选选自偶氮化合物,蒽醌类,次甲基化合物,甲亚胺化合物,部花青化合物,萘醌类,四嗪类,萘嵌苯(rylene)类,特别是二萘嵌苯类和三萘嵌苯(terylene)类,苯并噻二唑类,吡咯甲川类和二酮吡咯并吡咯类。其中,特别优选偶氮化合物,蒽醌类,苯并噻二唑类,特别是如WO2014/187529中所公开的,二酮吡咯并吡咯类,特别是如WO2015/090497中所公开的,和萘嵌苯类,特别是如WO2014/090373中所公开的。染料最优选选自偶氮染料,含氨基的蒽醌类和不含氨基的蒽醌类。
以下化合物是所述染料的实例:
液晶材料优选包含手性掺杂剂。手性掺杂剂优选以0.01重量%至3重量%,特别优选0.05重量%至1重量%的总浓度使用。为了获得高的液晶材料分子的扭转值,手性掺杂剂的总浓度也可以选择为高于3重量%,优选高达15重量%的最大值。
优选的手性掺杂剂是下表中描述的化合物:
如上定义的液晶材料原则上可用于任何所需的光学切换器件中。所述光学切换器件可以用于显示器件或可切换窗户。优选用于可切换窗户,特别用于含有包含根据本发明的液晶材料的可切换层的可切换窗户。
液晶材料优选用于调节太阳光通过的器件中。
因此,本发明又一个目的在于用于调节太阳光通过的光学切换器件,其包含液晶材料层,其特征在于液晶材料包含如上定义的化合物(I)和染料。所述光学切换器件优选地调节通过区域元件的光的通过。此外,光的通过优选地在区域元件的区域上均匀地调节。在此均匀调节是指在区域元件内的所有点处透射基本相同。
在此区域元件优选具有至少0.05m2,特别优选至少0.1m2,尤其优选至少0.5m2,和非常特别优选至少0.8m2的尺寸。
液晶材料优选以层的形式存在于器件中。该层优选是可切换的,即其光透射率是可调节的,因此也称为切换层。该层的厚度优选为12至40μm,特别优选为14至30μm,和非常特别优选为15至25μm。
根据本发明的器件优选适合于调节从环境进入空间的太阳光形式的光的通过。在此空间可以是基本上与环境隔离的任何所需空间,例如建筑物,车辆或容器。所述器件通常可用于任何所需的空间,特别是如果它们仅具有与环境的有限的空气交换并且具有透光的边界表面,通过该透光的边界表面能量可以以光能的形式从外部进入。所述器件特别优选用于通过透光区域,例如通过窗户区域经受强烈日照的空间。其实例是具有大的到外部的窗户区域的空间和机动车辆的内部,特别是汽车的内部。
根据本发明的器件优选地布置在相对大的平面结构的开口中,其中所示平面结构本身仅允许很少的光通过或根本不允许光通过,并且其中所述开口在相对更大程度上透射光。所述平面结构优选地是空间到外部的壁或另外的界限。
根据本发明的器件是可切换的。在此切换是指通过器件的光的通过的变化。根据本发明的器件优选是可电切换的。在这种情况下,其优选包括两个或更多个电极,其安装在包含液晶材料的层的两侧。电极优选由以下组成:ITO或薄的、优选透明的金属和/或金属氧化物层,例如银或FTO(氟掺杂的氧化锡),或本领域技术人员已知的用于该用途的供选择的材料。ITO电极可以提供有钝化层,例如由SiO2构成。电极优选地提供有电连接。电压优选地由电池、可充电电池或外部电源提供。
在电切换的情况下,通过施加电压使液晶材料的分子在液晶状态下配向来进行切换操作。
在优选的实施方案中,通过施加电压将器件从具有高吸收,即低光透射率的状态(该状态在没有电压的情况下存在)转换成具有较低吸收,即较高光透射率的状态。器件中的层中的液晶材料优选在两种状态下都是向列型液晶。无电压状态的优选特征在于处于液晶状态的液晶材料的分子,和因此染料的分子平行于切换层的平面配向。这优选通过相应选择的取向层实现。在这种情况下,分子优选是未扭转的并且平行于切换层的平面配向。电压下的状态优选特征在于液晶材料的分子和因此染料的分子垂直于切换层的平面。
根据在某些条件下优选的实施方案,处于无电压状态的液晶材料分子呈扭转向列形式并且平行于切换层的平面。在电压状态下,它们垂直于切换层的平面。
根据在某些条件下同样优选的供选择的实施方案,处于无电压状态的分子垂直于切换层的平面。这优选通过相应设计的取向层来实现。在电压状态下,它们在这种情况下平行于切换层的平面。它们可以是扭转的或非扭转的形式。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,器件可以在没有外部电源的情况下,通过借助于连接到器件的太阳能电池或其他器件(其将光和/或热能转换成电能)提供所需的能量,来进行操作。借助于太阳能电池提供能量可以直接或间接地(即通过其间连接的电池或可充电电池或其他存储能量的单元)进行。太阳能电池优选安装在器件的外部或者是器件的内部部件,例如在WO2009/141295中所公开的。
根据本发明的器件优选具有以下层序列,其中可另外存在其他层。下面指出的层优选在器件中彼此直接相邻:
-基板层,优选由玻璃或聚合物构成
-导电透明层,优选由ITO构成
-取向层
-包含根据本发明的材料的切换层
-取向层
-导电透明层,优选由ITO构成
-基板层,优选由玻璃或聚合物构成
优选包括两个LC盒的实施方案,所述两个LC盒以上述层序列一个接一个地布置,特别是如WO2014/180525中所公开的。
各层的优选实施方案如下所述。
根据本发明的器件优选包括一个或多个,特别优选两个取向层。取向层优选与包含液晶材料的层的两侧直接相邻。
在根据本发明的器件中使用的取向层可以是本领域技术人员已知的用于该目的任何所需层。优选聚酰亚胺层,特别优选由经摩擦的聚酰亚胺构成的层。如果分子平行于取向层(沿面配向)存在,则以本领域技术人员已知的某种方式摩擦的聚酰亚胺导致处于液晶状态的液晶材料的分子在摩擦方向上配向。在此优选的是,处于液晶状态的液晶材料分子在取向层上不是完全平面的,而是具有轻微的预倾角。为了实现分子与取向层表面的垂直配向(垂面配向),以某种方式处理的聚酰亚胺优选用作取向层的材料(用于非常高的预倾角的聚酰亚胺)。此外,通过利用偏振光的曝光工艺获得的聚合物可以用作取向层,以便根据配向轴实现分子的配向(光配向)。
如果液晶材料的分子在至少一个切换状态下是扭转的,则在根据本发明的器件中围绕包含液晶材料的切换层的两个取向层的摩擦方向优选地包括30°至270°的角度。
此外,在根据本发明的器件中的包含液晶材料的层优选布置在两个基板层之间或由此封闭。基板层可以由例如玻璃或聚合物组成,优选由透光聚合物组成。
器件的特征优选在于其恰好包含一个偏振器。这优选是线性偏振器。
根据供选择的实施方案,器件不含基于聚合物的偏振器,特别优选不含以固体材料相存在的偏振器,和非常特别优选根本不含偏振器。
根据本发明的器件还优选地包含光波导系统,其将光传输到太阳能电池或另外的器件以将光和/或热能转换成电能,优选如WO2009/141295中所述。
在优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的器件是在其透光中可切换的窗户部件,特别优选是包含至少一个玻璃区域的窗户,非常特别优选地是包含多窗格隔离玻璃的窗户。
在此窗户特别是指建筑物中的结构,其包括框架和由该框架围绕的至少一个玻璃窗格。它优选包括隔热框架和两个或更多个玻璃窗格(多窗格隔离玻璃)。
根据优选的实施方案,根据本发明的器件直接应用于窗户的玻璃区域,特别优选在多窗格隔离玻璃的两个玻璃窗格之间的间隙中。
此外,器件优选地用作部分透光、可切换的汽车车顶或可切换的汽车车窗的有源切换组件。
在此层序列优选为
-偏振层
-基板层,优选由玻璃或聚合物构成
-导电透明层,优选由ITO构成
-取向层
-包含根据本发明的材料的切换层
-取向层
-导电透明层,优选由ITO构成
-基板层,优选由玻璃或聚合物构成,
其中偏振层面向外部,朝向光源,特别是朝向太阳。
优选的是,一个或多个另外的层位于偏振器和基板层之间。这些层优选地补偿偏振层和基板层的不同的热膨胀系数。选自粘合剂层和粘合剂膜的层,例如3M的光学透明粘合剂(Optically Clear Adhesive),优选用于该目的。
供选择地,偏振层也可以位于两个基板层之间或者器件的背离太阳的一侧。在这种情况下,优选位于切换层外侧的层吸收UV光。特别优选的是,基板层包含UV吸收添加剂,或者将UV过滤器施加到基板层上。
基板层优选是光学各向异性的。特别是,它们不是双折射的或是仅略微双折射的。它们优选不具有双折射或仅具有低电压双折射。这特别可以借助于聚合物基板层来实现。
此外,在可切换的汽车车顶或汽车车窗中使用该器件的情况下,优选的是,该器件不是平的,而是在空间上弯曲的。这优选通过使用弯曲的基板层来实现。
工作实施例
1)制备液晶混合物
基础混合物使用以下混合物M1:
通过将染料F1、F2和F3以所示重量比例加入混合物M1中获得混合物M1-F:
染料 | 重量比例(重量%) |
F1 | 0.385 |
F2 | 0.73 |
F3 | 0.84 |
染料结构:
通过加入添加剂A1和/或A2由混合物M1-F制备以下液晶混合物:
此外,制备以下液晶混合物作为参考:
添加剂A1、A2、A3和A4具有以下结构:
将混合物引入具有聚酰亚胺取向层(经反平行摩擦,聚酰亚胺AL-1054用于平面取向)的LC盒中。包含混合物的层的层厚度为25μm。使用UV粘合剂(Norland)将盒密封。
在盒上如下进行曝光测试:
用光谱法测量盒(初始值)。然后将它们在来自MTS Atlas的Suntest CPS+中曝光16周,设置黑标准温度(Black Standard Temperature)70℃(=样品的表面温度),并使用Schott GG400 UV边缘滤波器,其掩蔽样品不受相对短波UV光的影响。
在盒上如下进行热暴露测试:
用光谱法测量样品(初始值),然后将样品在100℃的烘箱中储存7天。随后在室温下重新测量光谱。
确定色值和分色ΔE*:
x、y和z值由各光谱的透射曲线通过M.Richter,Einführung在die Farbmetrik(Sammlung第2608卷)中描述的方法确定。x、y和z值用于确定L*、a*、b*并且由这些值确定相应的差ΔL*、Δa*和Δb*,通过M.Richter,Einführung在die Farbmetrik中描述的方法确定。使用的光谱仪是Perkin Elmer Lambda 1050。
最后,在Lab颜色空间中如下计算的分色(色差)ΔE*:
ΔE*=[(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2]0.5
对于制造的盒得到以下结果:
对于含有参考混合物的器件得到以下结果:
所得结果表明,对于含有包含添加剂A1的混合物(LC1至LC5)的器件,在曝光试验中获得了良好的色差ΔE*值。
在含有添加剂A1的情况下,热稳定性测试中也获得了相对好的色差ΔE*值。
相比之下,对于含有包含添加剂A2、A3或A4的混合物(V-LC1至V-LC4)的参考器件,在曝光测试中获得非常差的、不可接受的色差ΔE*值。这同样适用于没有稳定添加剂的混合物M1-F。
使用含有添加剂A1和A2二者(LC6至LC10)的器件,在光稳定性测试和热稳定性测试二者中均获得非常好的色差ΔE*值。这些值又超过了仅用添加剂A1获得的良好值。
Claims (9)
1.可切换窗户,其包括用于调节太阳光通过的光学切换器件,其特征在于所述光学切换器件包括含有液晶材料的层,所述液晶材料包含:至少三种不同的染料,其在液晶材料中的总比例为以重量计的0.2%至12%;含有式(I-1)的化合物
其中,
Sp选自具有2至10个C原子的亚烷基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚烯基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有2至10个C原子的亚炔基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代,和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基,其可以在每种情况下被一个或多个基团R4取代;
R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H、D、F、CN,具有1至20个C原子的烷基或烷氧基,具有2至20个C原子的烯基或炔基,具有6至40个芳环原子的芳基和具有5至40个芳环原子的杂芳基;和其中所述烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基,芳基和杂芳基可以被F或CN取代;以及
添加剂A2
4.根据权利要求1或2的可切换窗户,其特征在于所述化合物(I-1)以0.01重量%至1重量%的比例存在于液晶材料中。
6.根据权利要求1的可切换窗户,其特征在于添加剂A2以0.01重量%至1重量%的比例存在于液晶材料中。
7.根据权利要求1或2的可切换窗户,其特征在于所述染料是二色性染料。
8.根据权利要求1或2的可切换窗户,其特征在于所述染料选自偶氮化合物,蒽醌类,次甲基化合物,甲亚胺化合物,部花青化合物,萘醌类,四嗪类,萘嵌苯类,苯并噻二唑类,吡咯甲川类和二酮吡咯并吡咯类。
9.根据权利要求1或2的可切换窗户,其特征在于所述光学切换器件包括以下层序列:
-偏振层
-基板层
-导电透明层
-取向层
-包含液晶材料的切换层
-取向层
-导电透明层
-基板层,
其中偏振层面向太阳。
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EP (1) | EP3458549B1 (zh) |
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JPS6067587A (ja) * | 1983-09-22 | 1985-04-17 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | 液晶組成物 |
WO2015090506A1 (de) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur regulierung des lichtdurchtritts |
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JPS581775A (ja) * | 1981-06-26 | 1983-01-07 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | 液晶組成物 |
US7029729B2 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2006-04-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Cholesteric liquid crystal additives |
JP2008291113A (ja) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶組成物、液晶素子、反射型表示材料、調光材料および液晶組成物の調製方法 |
JP5425190B2 (ja) | 2008-05-21 | 2014-02-26 | ペールプリュス ベスローテン フェノーツハップ | 異方性の発光材料を有する光学装置、光の伝送方法および使用 |
EP2514800B2 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2018-03-07 | Merck Patent GmbH | Verbindungen und flüssigkristallines Medium |
EP3327103B1 (de) | 2012-10-18 | 2020-10-14 | Merck Patent GmbH | Flüssigkristallines medium, methode zu seiner stabilisierung und flüssigkristallanzeige |
JP6527465B2 (ja) | 2012-12-13 | 2019-06-05 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 液晶媒体 |
JP6689753B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-11 | 2020-04-28 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 液晶材料 |
DE102015003602A1 (de) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalines Medium |
DE102018000109A1 (de) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verbindungen und Flüssigkristallines Medium |
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- 2017-05-16 KR KR1020187035998A patent/KR102368310B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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JPS6067587A (ja) * | 1983-09-22 | 1985-04-17 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | 液晶組成物 |
WO2015090506A1 (de) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur regulierung des lichtdurchtritts |
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《化工百科全书》编辑委员会等.液晶.《化工百科全书 第18卷 锌和锌合金-硬质合金》.化学工业出版社,1998,(第1版), * |
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KR102368310B1 (ko) | 2022-02-28 |
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WO2017198637A1 (de) | 2017-11-23 |
CN109153917A (zh) | 2019-01-04 |
JP7179619B2 (ja) | 2022-11-29 |
EP3458549B1 (de) | 2020-07-22 |
TW201811983A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
TWI731972B (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
EP3458549A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
US11015123B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
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