WO2015087558A1 - 直流遮断装置 - Google Patents
直流遮断装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015087558A1 WO2015087558A1 PCT/JP2014/060479 JP2014060479W WO2015087558A1 WO 2015087558 A1 WO2015087558 A1 WO 2015087558A1 JP 2014060479 W JP2014060479 W JP 2014060479W WO 2015087558 A1 WO2015087558 A1 WO 2015087558A1
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- mechanical
- circuit breaker
- semiconductor switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
- H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
- H03K17/08128—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in composite switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
- H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC interrupting device used in a DC power system, for example, used to open and close a load current in a normal state and interrupt an accident current in an accident.
- a DC circuit breaker used in a DC power system is greatly different in configuration and operation from an AC circuit breaker used in an AC power system.
- Mechanical AC circuit breakers such as a gas circuit breaker, a vacuum circuit breaker, and an air circuit breaker generally used in an AC power system cannot be interrupted unless the current value becomes zero. For this reason, the mechanical AC circuit breaker cuts off the current at a timing when the current value at which the accident current comes every half cycle of the alternating current is zero.
- the direct current circuit breaker described in FIG. 2 is known.
- the DC circuit breaker of this document includes two mechanical circuit breakers connected in series with each other, and two reverse current generating circuits connected in parallel to each other and connected in series to the two mechanical circuit breakers.
- Each reverse current generation circuit has a capacitor and a reactor connected in series with each other.
- a closing switch is connected between the connection point of the two mechanical circuit breakers and the connection point of the two reverse current generation circuits. If an on-off switch is turned on when an accident occurs, the current can be cut off by the mechanical circuit breaker on the side where the current in the direction opposite to the accident current flows, and the current can be cut off.
- a DC circuit breaker having a configuration in which a mechanical circuit breaker is installed in parallel with the semiconductor switch is known.
- Patent Document 2 a current flows through a mechanical circuit breaker when it is normal. The current is commutated to the switch and finally the direct current is limited by the semiconductor switch.
- a very large resistance element such as a lightning arrester as the current limiting element, it is possible to bring about the same effect as substantially blocking.
- JP 59-128714 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-126961
- Patent Document 1 In the case of the DC circuit breaker shown in FIG. 2 of the above-mentioned JP-A-59-128714 (Patent Document 1), if two mechanical circuit breakers are opened simultaneously when interrupting an accident current, An arc is generated in the mechanical circuit breaker. Thereafter, only the mechanical circuit breaker on one side extinguishes when a current zero point is generated by the reverse current from the reverse current generation circuit. At this time, twice the current flows through the mechanical breaker on the side where no current zero is generated, and large arc heat is generated, not only damaging the contacts but also degrading the insulation performance.
- Patent Document 2 In the case of the DC circuit breaker described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-126961 (Patent Document 2), the DC current is interrupted by a mechanical circuit breaker to be commutated to the semiconductor switch.
- the mechanical circuit breaker cannot interrupt the current unless the current value becomes zero, there is a problem that the commutation to the semiconductor switch is not sufficiently performed.
- the arc resistance between the contacts of the mechanical breaker during the commutation process does not become larger than the on-resistance of the semiconductor switch, so that commutation is not performed. There is.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to cut off bidirectional DC current, reduce consumption and damage due to arc, and provide low-cost DC interruption with high insulation performance. Is to provide a device.
- a DC interrupter includes first and second semiconductor switches, first and second diodes, first and second mechanical circuit breakers, and first and second reverse current generating circuits. , Including a closing switch and a controller.
- the first and second semiconductor switches are connected in series between the first and second nodes on the main circuit line so that the energization directions of the first and second nodes are opposite to each other.
- the first diode is connected in parallel with the first semiconductor switch, and allows a current to flow in a direction opposite to the energization direction of the first semiconductor switch.
- the second diode is connected in parallel with the second semiconductor switch, and allows a current to flow in a direction opposite to the energization direction of the second semiconductor switch.
- the first and second mechanical circuit breakers are sequentially connected in series between the first and second nodes and are connected in parallel with the entire first and second semiconductor switches.
- the first and second reverse current generating circuits are connected in series between the first and second nodes in order, and the entire first and second semiconductor switches and the entire first and second mechanical circuit breakers. Connected in parallel.
- the first and second reverse current generation circuits are provided to flow reverse currents to the first and second mechanical circuit breakers, respectively.
- the closing switch is connected between a third node between the first and second mechanical circuit breakers and a fourth node between the first and second reverse current generating circuits.
- the controller controls the opening and closing timings of the first and second semiconductor switches, the first and second mechanical circuit breakers, and the closing switch.
- bidirectional DC current can be interrupted by providing two semiconductor switches, mechanical circuit breakers, and two reverse current generation circuits in series.
- the reverse current is passed through the first mechanical circuit breaker by the first reverse current generation circuit.
- the first mechanical circuit breaker can be opened, and then the second mechanical circuit breaker can be opened after the main current commutates to the semiconductor switch and the diode.
- the reverse current is caused to flow through the second mechanical circuit breaker by the second reverse current generation circuit.
- the second mechanical circuit breaker can be opened, and then the first mechanical circuit breaker can be opened after the main current commutates to the semiconductor switch and the diode.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a DC cutoff device 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a timing diagram which shows the operation example from the steady time of the direct current
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a DC interrupter according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a DC interrupter 101 according to a second embodiment. In the DC circuit breaker 100 shown in FIG. 1, it is a figure which shows the electric current waveform in the node A after interruption
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a DC interrupt device 102 according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a DC cutoff device 103 according to a modification of the third embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the method of charging the capacitors 5L and 5R in the direct current cut-off device 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a DC interrupt device 104 according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation example of the DC interrupting device 104 of FIG. 17 from a steady state to a shut-off state.
- FIG. 18 is a timing diagram showing another example of operation from the steady state to the shut-off state of the DC interrupt device 104 of FIG. 17 (when the semiconductor switch 2R is opened in advance).
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a DC cutoff device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a steady state in which no fault current flows through the DC interrupter 100.
- a DC interrupt device 100 is provided on a main circuit line 20, and includes semiconductor switches 2L and 2R, diodes 3L and 3R, mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R, a reverse current generating circuit 7L, and 7R, closing switch 8, controller 9, resistance elements 10L and 10R, and lightning arrester 11.
- Semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are connected in series between nodes N1 and N2 on main circuit line 20 in this arrangement order.
- the semiconductor switch 2R cuts off the current in the direction opposite to the energization direction of the semiconductor switch 2L.
- the connection node A of the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R corresponds to the emitter side of each IGBT. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 1, the semiconductor switch 2L can flow or cut off current from the node N1 to the node A, and the semiconductor switch 2R can flow or cut off current from the node N2 to the node A. You can do it.
- the diode 3L is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 2L, and can pass a current in a direction opposite to the energizing direction of the semiconductor switch 2L.
- the anode of the diode 3L is connected to the emitter of the IGBT.
- the diode 3R is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 2R, and can pass a current in a direction opposite to the energization direction of the semiconductor switch 2R.
- the anode of the diode 3R is connected to the emitter of the IGBT.
- Each of the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R is configured by a semiconductor element such as an IGBT, a GTO (Gate Turn-Off), a thyristor, or a power MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor using SiC.
- a semiconductor element such as an IGBT, a GTO (Gate Turn-Off), a thyristor, or a power MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor using SiC.
- a plurality of these semiconductor elements may be connected in series or in parallel.
- each of the diodes 3L and 3R may be composed of a plurality of diodes.
- a plurality of pairs of semiconductor switches 2L and diodes 3L may be connected in series, or a plurality of pairs of semiconductor switches 2R and diodes 3R may be connected in series.
- the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R are connected in series between the nodes N1 and N2 in this order and in parallel with the entire semiconductor switches 2L and 2R.
- Each of the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R may be replaced with a plurality of mechanical circuit breakers.
- Each of the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R includes, for example, a gas circuit breaker, a vacuum circuit breaker, or an air circuit breaker. These circuit breakers have metal contacts and are configured to be driven by an operating device for performing a mechanical opening and closing operation. If the opening operation is performed while the current is applied, an arc is generated between the contacts. The arc is extinguished at the moment when the current value becomes zero like an alternating current, and the current is interrupted.
- Arc is extremely high temperature plasma reaching 20000K. If the ignition state continues for a long time, a large current flows for a long time, so that the contact of the mechanical circuit breaker is consumed and damaged. Furthermore, in the case of a gas circuit breaker or air circuit breaker, the gas or air that is the arc extinguishing medium becomes high temperature, so that the insulation performance immediately after extinguishing is lower than when the arc is opened with no ignition. To do. In the case of a vacuum circuit breaker, there is no arc-extinguishing gas, but since the thermal electron emission from the contact increases due to the high temperature of the contact, the extinction gas is also turned off compared to the case where the contact is opened with no ignition. The insulation performance immediately after the arc decreases.
- the resistance element 10L, the reverse current generation circuits 7L and 7R, and the resistance element 10R are connected in series between the nodes N1 and N2 in this order, and the entire semiconductor switches 2L and 2R and the mechanical breakers 4L and 4R. Connected in parallel.
- Reverse current generating circuit 7L includes a capacitor 5L and a reactor 6L connected in series with each other.
- reverse current generation circuit 7R includes a capacitor 5R and a reactor 6R connected in series to each other. In the case of FIG. 1, the capacitors 5L and 5R are arranged adjacent to each other.
- Reactors 6L and 6R may be substituted depending on the inductance of the circuit line.
- Resistance elements 10L and 10R are connected in series to reactors 6L and 6R, respectively, in order to attenuate the reverse current. Since the resistance elements 10L and 10R can be substituted by the resistance of the line or the reactor, it is not always necessary to provide them.
- the closing switch 8 is provided on a line connecting the node N3 between the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R and the node N4 between the capacitors 5L and 5R.
- the closing switch 8 is constituted by a mechanical switch, for example.
- Controller 9 controls opening / closing timing of semiconductor switches 2L and 2R, mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R, and closing switch 8.
- the lightning arrester 11 is connected in parallel with each of the above elements between the nodes N1 and N2.
- the lightning arrester 11 is provided to absorb the circuit energy after cutting off the direct current, but may be omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing an operation example of the DC cutoff device 100 of FIG. 1 from the steady state to the cutoff state.
- FIG. 2 shows, in order from the top, the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L, the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, and the current flowing through the connection node A of the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R.
- the open / close states of each of the device 4L, the closing switch 8, the semiconductor switch 2R, the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, and the semiconductor switch 2L are shown.
- the operation of the DC interrupting device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 8 showing the current flowing through the DC interrupting device 100 at each time point in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a current flowing through the DC interrupter 100 in a steady state.
- semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are closed, mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R are closed, and closing switch 8 is turned on.
- Capacitors 5L and 5R are charged to have opposite polarities by a charging device not shown in the figure. For example, in FIG. 3, the capacitor 5L is charged such that the right pole (node N4 side) and the left pole (node N4 side) of the capacitor 5R are both positive.
- the DC current Io flowing through the main circuit line 20 in a steady state flows in a divided manner to the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R and the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R.
- the semiconductor elements constituting the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R need to be serially connected in multiple stages in order to withstand a high voltage.
- the resistance values (also referred to as “on-resistance”) of the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R when closed are much larger than the resistance values of the metal contacts when the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R are closed. For this reason, most of the current may flow through the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R.
- the main circuit current Io may flow in the right direction (from the node N1 to the node N2) or the left direction (from the node N2 to the node N1) in FIG. is there.
- the flow is in the right direction (the direction from the node N1 to the node N2) as shown in FIG.
- the left direction the following description is exactly the same as the case where it is reversed symmetrically.
- the input switch 8 is turned on at time t2 in FIG.
- the mechanical circuit breaker 4L starts opening at the same time as opening of the closing switch 8, before opening, or until the value of current flowing through itself becomes zero. In FIG. 2, opening of the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is started at time t1 before opening of the closing switch 8.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of current when the input switch 8 is turned on.
- the closing switch 8 When the closing switch 8 is turned on, the electric charges charged in the capacitors 5L and 5R during the steady state are discharged and a current flows.
- a current IL having a direction opposite to the main circuit direct current Io flows through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L.
- a current IR having the same direction as the main circuit direct current Io flows through the mechanical circuit breaker 4R.
- the current IL is an oscillating current having a frequency determined by the capacitance of the capacitor 5L and the inductance of the reactor 6L.
- the absolute value of the current IL increases immediately after the closing switch 8 is turned on, the absolute value of the current IL is opposite to that of the main circuit direct current Io, and is therefore represented by minus in the current waveform of FIG.
- the absolute value of the current IL becomes the same value as the main circuit current Io, the current value flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L becomes zero. At the instant when the current is zero (time t3 in FIG. 2), the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is interrupted (that is, the arc is extinguished).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a current flow when the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is interrupted. As shown in FIG. 5, when the mechanical circuit breaker 4L extinguishes at time t3 in FIG. 2, the main circuit current Io is commutated to the semiconductor switch 2L and the diode 3R.
- the current IL passes through the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, passes through the semiconductor switch 2R and the diode 3L, and returns to the capacitor 5L. If the mechanical circuit breaker 4R starts opening simultaneously with the mechanical circuit breaker 4L, the sum of the direct current Io and the current IR first flows in the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, and the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is cut off. After the time t3, a current of the sum of the current IL and the current IR flows, so that a large current arc is ignited. In this case, as described above, the contact is consumed and damaged, and the insulation performance is degraded. Therefore, at the time t3, control is performed so that the mechanical circuit breaker 4R is not yet opened.
- the mechanical circuit breaker 4R when the mechanical circuit breaker 4R is opened early to obtain a dielectric strength, the recovery voltage currently maintained only by the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is maintained by both the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R. And high insulation performance can be obtained. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to increase the insulation performance of one mechanical circuit breaker, an inexpensive configuration is possible. For that purpose, at least the current IL may be cut off at an early stage.
- the semiconductor switch 2R In order to cut off the current IL early, the semiconductor switch 2R is opened at time t4 immediately after time t3 in FIG. If possible, the semiconductor switch 2R may be opened in advance in a steady state. However, if closing is necessary due to operational problems, the semiconductor switch 2R is opened at this time. Thereby, the current IL is cut off. The current IR is attenuated by the resistance element 10R.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in which the current IL is cut off.
- the current IR attenuates, only the main circuit current Io flows through the semiconductor switch 2L and the diode 3R.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the mechanical circuit breaker 4R is opened. Since the arc does not ignite in the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, high insulation performance can be obtained. Even if it is ignited, it is permissible to ignite if it is an arc with a small current that does not cause any problem in insulation performance. If the contact point does not immediately deviate, the drive device may start driving toward opening at a time before time t5.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the semiconductor switch 2L is opened.
- the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R have a dielectric strength that can withstand the re-emergence voltage after the main circuit current is cut off even when the semiconductor switch 2L is opened, that is, a sufficient opening distance can be obtained.
- the semiconductor switch 2L is opened as shown in FIG. This completes the current interruption.
- the lightning arrester 11 limits the regenerative voltage caused by the interruption and absorbs the residual energy of the system.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the DC interrupter.
- the operation procedure of the DC interrupter shown above is shown as a flowchart below.
- the controller 9 sends a signal for opening / closing operation of the devices constituting the DC interrupter according to the procedure shown in the following flowchart.
- step S2 the mechanical circuit breaker 4L opens.
- step S3 when the controller 9 determines that the time t is the time t2, the process proceeds to step S4.
- step S4 the closing switch 8 is closed. Thereafter, the current is interrupted by the mechanical circuit breaker 4L.
- step S6 the semiconductor switch 2R performs an opening operation.
- step S7 when the controller 9 determines that the time t is the time t5, the process proceeds to step S8.
- step S8 the mechanical circuit breaker 4R opens.
- step S9 when the controller 9 determines that the time t is the time t6, the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S10 the semiconductor switch 2L performs an opening operation.
- an inexpensive DC interrupting device having high insulation performance is provided while interrupting bidirectional DC current and reducing wear and damage due to arc. be able to.
- the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are closed during the steady state.
- the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are open during the steady state, and may be closed immediately before the closing switch 8 is turned on.
- the closing switch 8 may be, for example, a mechanical switch, a discharge switch such as a gap switch, or a semiconductor switch such as a thyristor or IGBT. Further, when the closing switch 8 is not very expensive, a switch having a current blocking capability may be applied to the closing switch 8 to cut off the current IL and the current IR.
- the semiconductor switch 2R is closed during normal operation.
- the reason for this is that if the semiconductor switch 2R is kept open at all times, a voltage is always applied to the semiconductor switch 2R although it is the voltage drop of the diode, and this voltage stress can be avoided.
- the semiconductor switch 2R is always closed when an overvoltage or overcurrent is applied due to external induction or the like such as lightning, such an overvoltage or overcurrent is formed in a closed loop by the diode 3L and the semiconductor switch 2R. This is because the semiconductor switch 2R and the diode 3L can be protected.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing another example of operation from the steady state of the DC interrupter 100 to the interrupted state (when the semiconductor switch 2R is opened in advance).
- the reverse current IL is also cut off at time t3 when the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is extinguished.
- the energy of the reverse current IL is absorbed by the lightning arrester 11.
- the other points are the same as in the case of FIG.
- both the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are connected on the emitter side of the IGBT.
- both semiconductor switches 2L and 2R can be connected on the collector side of the IGBT.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a DC circuit breaker according to a modification of the first embodiment. 11, the pair of semiconductor switch 2L and diode 3L and the pair of semiconductor switch 2R and diode 3R are arranged opposite to the case of DC breaker 100 in FIG. That is, the semiconductor switch 2L is connected between the node A and the node N2 so that the direction from the node N1 to the node N2 is the energization direction.
- the semiconductor switch 2R is connected between the node A and the node N1 so that the direction from the node N2 to the node N1 is the energization direction.
- the diodes 3L and 3R correspond to the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R, respectively, and each diode is connected in parallel with the corresponding semiconductor switch so that a current flows in the direction opposite to the energizing direction of the corresponding semiconductor switch.
- the connection of other components in FIG. 11 is the same as in FIG.
- the operation procedure of the DC circuit breaker 100A in FIG. 11 is the same as the operation procedure of the DC circuit breaker 100 in FIG.
- the timing chart of FIG. 2 and the flowchart of FIG. 9 are also applied to the DC cutoff device 100A of FIG.
- the semiconductor switch 2R on the side close to the node N1 opens at time t4 (step S6)
- the semiconductor switch on the side close to the node N2 opens at time t6 (step S10). 2L.
- the DC breaker 100A of FIG. 11 is different from the DC breaker 100 of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of the DC interrupter 101 according to the second embodiment.
- DC cut-off device 101 in FIG. 12 further includes high-frequency cut reactor 12L connected in series with diode 3L, and high-frequency cut reactor 12R connected in series with diode 3R. Different.
- the diode 3L and the high frequency cut reactor 12L are connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 2L, and the diode 3R and the high frequency cut reactor 12R are connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 2R.
- the high-frequency cut reactors 12L and 12R have a function to cut off a high-frequency vibration current, that is, a current that fluctuates with time by an inductance, while passing a direct current (through an element having such a function, In this specification, it is called “inductance element”).
- inductance element instead of the reactors 6L and 6R, a ferrite core or the like may be provided as an inductance element.
- FIG. 12 Other points in FIG. 12 are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and therefore, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is not repeated.
- the effects of the high frequency cut reactors 12L and 12R will be described.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a current waveform at node A after the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is interrupted in the DC interrupter 100 shown in FIG.
- the current flowing in the right direction at the point A in FIG. 1 (from the node N1 to N2) is positive.
- mechanical circuit breaker 4L is interrupted at time t3 in FIG.
- the semiconductor switch 2R is opened at time t4 immediately after time t3.
- the semiconductor switch 2R remains closed.
- a current obtained by superimposing the main circuit current Io and the reverse current IL which is an oscillating current flows to the point A.
- the reverse current IL has a waveform that is attenuated by the resistance element 10L.
- the value of the current Io-IL flowing through the point A is negative, so that a current flows through the semiconductor switch 2R.
- the value of the current Io-IL flowing through the point A is positive in other time zones, the current flows through the diode 3R.
- the reverse current IL that is a high-frequency oscillation current does not flow through the diode 3R, so the reverse current IL flows through the semiconductor switch 2R. As a result, the reverse current IL is easily cut off by the semiconductor switch 2R.
- a high frequency cut reactor 12L is provided in series with the diode 3L.
- the reverse current IL can be surely interrupted by the above configuration, it is possible to provide an inexpensive DC interrupter having high insulation performance while reducing arc consumption and damage.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of DC interrupter 102 according to the third embodiment.
- reverse current generation circuit 7L and 7R is different from the DC interrupter 101 in FIG. 1 in the configuration of the reverse current generation circuits 7L and 7R. 14 is different from reverse current generation circuit 7L of FIG. 1 in that it includes battery 13L instead of capacitor 5L and reactor 6L. Similarly, reverse current generation circuit 7R in FIG. 14 differs from reverse current generation circuit 7R in FIG. 1 in that it includes battery 13R instead of capacitor 5R and reactor 6R.
- the battery 13L is connected so that the node N4 side is a positive electrode and the node N1 side is a negative electrode. Similarly, the battery 13R is connected such that the node N4 side is a positive electrode and the node N2 side is a negative electrode.
- the other points of FIG. 14 are the same as those of FIG. 1, and therefore, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- the output voltages V of the batteries 13L and 13R need to be larger than the product of the main circuit current Io and the resistance value r.
- the magnitude of the main circuit current Io varies depending on the DC power system. For example, if the resistance value r is 1 ⁇ , the output voltage V needs to be larger than 1 kV when the resistance value r is 1 ⁇ .
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of a DC interrupter 103 according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- the circuit diagram of FIG. 14 shows an example in which only the batteries 13L and 13R are used as the reverse current generation circuits 7L and 7R, respectively.
- a battery may be added in series with the capacitor and the reactor shown in FIGS.
- the configuration of reverse current generation circuits 7L and 7R in FIG. 15 is obtained by loading a battery to the configuration in FIG. 10 (Embodiment 2). In this case, the charging voltage of the capacitor can be reduced and the output voltage of the battery can be small, so that an inexpensive battery can be used.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of charging capacitors 5L and 5R in DC interrupting device 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- charger 15 is connected between node N4 between capacitors 5L and 5R and ground node GND.
- the disconnector with grounding device 14L is inserted into the main circuit line 20L adjacent to the node N1 of the DC circuit breaker 100.
- the disconnector with grounding device 14R is inserted into the main circuit line 20R adjacent to the node N2 of the DC circuit breaker 100.
- the DC circuit breaker 104 When charging the capacitors 5L and 5R, as shown in FIG. 16, the DC circuit breaker 104 is disconnected from the main circuit lines 20L and 20R and grounded by opening the disconnectors 14L and 14R with a grounding device. That is, the DC interrupter 100 is not charged.
- the closing switch 8 is in an open state. In this state, both the capacitors 5L and 5R can be charged simultaneously by the charger 15.
- the DC cut-off device 101 of the second embodiment can be charged in the same manner.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a DC cutoff device 104 according to the fifth embodiment.
- DC cut-off device 104 is different from DC cut-off device 100 in FIG. 1 in that it further includes mechanical switches 16L and 16R.
- Mechanical switch 16L is connected between node N4 and capacitor 5L
- mechanical switch 16R is connected between node N4 and capacitor 5R.
- the other configuration in FIG. 17 is the same as that of DC blocking device 100 in FIG. 1, and therefore, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the DC cutoff device 104 of FIG. 17 from the steady state to the cutoff state.
- main circuit current Io flows in the direction from node N1 to N2 in FIG. 17 in a steady state (before time t1).
- the mechanical switch 16L is normally closed, and the mechanical switch 16R is always open.
- the capacitor 5L is charged in advance so that the node 4N side is positive.
- the capacitor 5R is not charged.
- the semiconductor switches 2L and 2R are closed, the mechanical circuit breakers 4L and 4R are closed, and the closing switch 8 is opened at the normal time (before time t1).
- the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is opened at time t1, and the closing switch 8 is turned on at time t2.
- the reverse current IL flows through the mechanical circuit breaker 4L as in the case of the first embodiment, but the current IR does not flow through the mechanical circuit breaker 4R because the mechanical switch 16R is opened. .
- the mechanical circuit breaker 4L extinguishes.
- the main circuit current Io is commutated to the semiconductor switch 2L and the diode 3R.
- the current IL passes through the mechanical circuit breaker 4R, passes through the semiconductor switch 2R and the diode 3L, and returns to the capacitor 5L.
- Current IL is interrupted by opening the semiconductor switch 2R at time t4.
- the energy of the current IL is absorbed by the lightning arrester 11.
- the mechanical circuit breaker 4R can be opened immediately (at time t5).
- the current interruption is completed by opening the semiconductor switch 2L after opening the mechanical circuit breaker 4R.
- FIG. 19 is a timing chart showing another example of operation from the steady state of the DC interrupting device 104 of FIG. 17 to the shut-off state (when the semiconductor switch 2R is opened in advance).
- the timing diagram of FIG. 19 is different from the timing diagram of FIG. 18 in that the semiconductor switch 2R is opened in advance during normal operation.
- the reverse current IL is also cut off at time t3 when the mechanical circuit breaker 4L is extinguished.
- the energy of the reverse current IL is absorbed by the lightning arrester 11.
- the other points are the same as in the case of FIG.
- 2L, 2R semiconductor switch 3L, 3R diode, 4L, 4R mechanical circuit breaker, 5L, 5R capacitor, 6L, 6R reactor, 7L, 7R reverse current generation circuit, 8 input switch, 9 controller, 10L, 10R resistance element , 11 Lightning arrester, 12L, 12R high frequency cut reactor, 13L, 13R battery, 14L, 14R disconnector with grounding device, 15 charger, 16L, 16R mechanical switch, 20, 20L, 20R main circuit line, 100-104 DC interruption apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
[直流遮断装置の構成]
図1は、実施の形態1による直流遮断装置100を表わす回路図である。図1では、直流遮断装置100に事故電流が流れていない定常時の状態が示されている。
図2は、図1の直流遮断装置100の定常時から遮断状態に至る動作例を示すタイミング図である。図2では、上から順に、機械式遮断器4Lを流れる電流、機械式遮断器4Rを流れる電流、および半導体スイッチ2Lおよび2Rの接続ノードAを流れる電流が示されており、さらに、機械式遮断器4L、投入スイッチ8、半導体スイッチ2R、機械式遮断器4R、および半導体スイッチ2Lの各々の開閉状態が示されている。以下、図2の各時点における直流遮断装置100を流れる電流を示す図3~図8を併せて参照しながら、直流遮断装置100の動作について説明する。
図3は、定常時における直流遮断装置100を流れる電流を示す図である。図2、図3を参照して、定常時(図2の時刻t1より前)には、半導体スイッチ2Lおよび2Rが閉極し、機械式遮断器4Lおよび4Rが閉極し、投入スイッチ8が開極している。コンデンサ5Lおよび5Rは、図に示されていない充電装置によって互いに逆極性になるように充電されている。例えば、図3においてコンデンサ5Lの右側(ノードN4側)の極およびコンデンサ5Rの左側(ノードN4側)の極が共に正極になるように充電されている。
図2の時刻t2に投入スイッチ8が投入される。機械式遮断器4Lは、投入スイッチ8の開極と同時か、開極以前、または、自身を流れる電流値が零になるまでの間に開極開始させる。図2では、投入スイッチ8の開極以前の時刻t1に機械式遮断器4Lの開極を開始させている。
図5は、機械式遮断器4Lを流れる電流が遮断されたときの電流の流れを示す図である。図5に示すように、図2の時刻t3において機械式遮断器4Lが消弧することによって、主回路電流Ioは半導体スイッチ2Lおよびダイオード3Rに転流される。
電流ILを早期に遮断するために、図2の時刻t3直後の時刻t4に半導体スイッチ2Rを開極する。可能なら定常時に予め半導体スイッチ2Rを開極しておいてもよいが、運用上の問題で閉極が必要な場合にはこの時点で開極する。これにより電流ILが遮断される。電流IRについては抵抗素子10Rによって減衰させる。
電流IRが減衰した図2の時刻t5に機械式遮断器4Rを開極する。図7は、機械式遮断器4Rを開極した状態を示す図である。機械式遮断器4Rにはアークが点弧することがないため高い絶縁性能が得られる。もし、点弧したとしても絶縁性能に問題ない程度の小電流のアークであれば点弧することは許される。すぐに接点が乖離していなければ、時刻t5の前の時点で開極にむけて駆動装置は駆動開始していてもよい。
図8は、半導体スイッチ2Lを開極した状態を示す図である。機械式遮断器4Lおよび4Rが、半導体スイッチ2Lを開極しても主回路電流遮断後の再起電圧に耐えられるような絶縁耐力を得た状態、すなわち、十分な開極距離を得ることができた状態で(図2の時刻t6)、図8に示すように半導体スイッチ2Lを開極する。これによって、電流遮断が完了する。避雷器11は、遮断によって生じる再起電圧を制限するとともに系統の残留エネルギーを吸収する。
図9は、直流遮断装置の動作手順を示すフローチャートである。上記に示した直流遮断装置の動作手順を以下にフローチャートとして示す。制御器9は以下のフローチャートで示した手順に従って、直流遮断装置を構成する機器が開閉動作を行う信号を送出する。
上記では、定常時には、半導体スイッチ2Lおよび2Rが閉極しているとしたが、定常時には開極しており、投入スイッチ8を投入する直前に閉極してもよい。
図12は、実施の形態2による直流遮断装置101の回路図である。
図14は、実施の形態3による直流遮断装置102の回路図である。
図16は、図1に示す実施の形態1の直流遮断装置100においてコンデンサ5Lおよび5Rを充電する方法の一例を示す図である。
図17は、実施の形態5による直流遮断装置104を示す回路図である。
Claims (11)
- 主回路線路上の第1および第2のノード間に互いの通電方向が逆方向となるように直列に接続される第1および第2の半導体スイッチと、
前記第1の半導体スイッチと並列に接続され、前記第1の半導体スイッチの通電方向と逆方向に電流を流す第1のダイオードと、
前記第2の半導体スイッチと並列に接続され、前記第2の半導体スイッチの通電方向と逆方向に電流を流す第2のダイオードと、
前記第1および第2のノード間に順に直列に接続されかつ前記第1および第2の半導体スイッチの全体と並列に接続された第1および第2の機械式遮断器と、
前記第1および第2のノード間に順に直列に接続されかつ前記第1および第2の半導体スイッチの全体ならびに前記第1および第2の機械式遮断器の全体と並列に接続され、前記第1および第2の機械式遮断器にそれぞれ逆電流を流すための第1および第2の逆電流発生回路と、
前記第1および第2の機械式遮断器間の第3のノードと前記第1および第2の逆電流発生回路間の第4のノードとの間に接続された投入スイッチと、
前記第1および第2の半導体スイッチ、前記第1および第2の機械式遮断器、ならびに前記投入スイッチの開閉タイミングを制御する制御器とを備える、直流遮断装置。 - 前記第1の逆電流発生回路は、前記第1のノードから前記第2のノードの方向に流れる第1の直流電流を遮断する場合、前記投入スイッチの投入によって前記第1の機械式遮断器に前記第1の直流電流と逆方向の電流を流すように構成され、
前記第2の逆電流発生回路は、前記第2のノードから前記第1のノードの方向に流れる第2の直流電流を遮断する場合、前記投入スイッチの投入によって前記第2の機械式遮断器に前記第2の直流電流と逆方向の電流を流すように構成される、請求項1に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第1の直流電流を遮断する場合、前記投入スイッチを投入した後に前記第1の機械式遮断器の開極を開始し、その後、前記第2の機械式遮断器の開極を開始するように構成される、請求項2に記載の直流遮断装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記第1の直流電流を遮断する場合、前記投入スイッチの投入によって前記第1の機械式遮断器を流れる電流が零になる遮断時刻より前に、前記第1の機械式遮断器の開極を開始し、前記遮断時刻より後に前記第2の機械式遮断器の開極を開始するように構成される、請求項2に記載の直流遮断装置。
- 前記第1の半導体スイッチは、前記第1のノードから前記第2のノードの方向が通電方向となるように前記第1および第2のノード間に接続され、
前記第2の半導体スイッチは、前記第2のノードから前記第1のノードの方向が通電方向となるように前記第1および第2のノード間に接続され、
前記制御器は、前記第2の機械式遮断器の開極を開始する前に、前記第2の半導体スイッチを開極するように構成される、請求項3または4に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第2の機械式遮断器を開極した後に、前記第1の半導体スイッチを開極するように構成される、請求項5に記載の直流遮断装置。
- 前記第1のダイオードと直列かつ前記第1の半導体スイッチと並列に接続された第1のインダクタンス素子と、
前記第2のダイオードと直列かつ前記第2の半導体スイッチと並列に接続された第2のインダクタンス素子とをさらに備える、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記第1の逆電流発生回路は、前記第4のノードと前記第1のノードとの間に直列に接続される、第1のコンデンサおよび第1のリアクトルを含み、
前記第2の逆電流発生回路は、前記第4のノードと前記第2のノードとの間に直列に接続される、第2のコンデンサおよび第2のリアクトルを含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記第1のノードに隣接して前記主回路線路上に挿入された第1の接地器付き断路器と、
前記第2のノードに隣接して前記主回路線路上に挿入された第2の接地器付き断路器と、
前記第4のノードと接地ノードとの間に接続された充電器とをさらに備える、請求項8に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記第1の逆電流発生回路は、前記第4のノード側が正極となり、前記第1のノード側が負極となる第1の電池を含み、
前記第2の逆電流発生回路は、前記第4のノード側が正極となり、前記第2のノード側が負極となる第2の電池を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の直流遮断装置。 - 前記第1の逆電流発生回路と前記第4のノードとの間に接続された第1の機械式スイッチと、
前記第2の逆電流発生回路と前記第4のノードとの間に接続された第2の機械式スイッチとをさらに備える、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の直流遮断装置。
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JP6049957B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-12-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 直流遮断器 |
-
2014
- 2014-04-11 US US14/911,349 patent/US9948089B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-11 EP EP14869389.8A patent/EP3082208B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-11 CN CN201480047236.9A patent/CN105531893B/zh active Active
- 2014-04-11 WO PCT/JP2014/060479 patent/WO2015087558A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-04-11 DK DK14869389.8T patent/DK3082208T3/en active
- 2014-04-11 JP JP2015552338A patent/JP6029772B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2015195116A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 直流遮断装置、直流遮断方法 |
JP2019221103A (ja) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-26 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄電池装置 |
JP7080744B2 (ja) | 2018-06-22 | 2022-06-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄電池装置 |
JP6808091B1 (ja) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-01-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 直流遮断器 |
JP2022094931A (ja) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-27 | エービービー シュヴァイツ エージー | 送電グリッド用ハイブリッドスイッチング装置 |
JP7277549B2 (ja) | 2020-12-15 | 2023-05-19 | エービービー シュヴァイツ エージー | 送電グリッド用ハイブリッドスイッチング装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9948089B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
JP6029772B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
US20160204596A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP3082208A4 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
EP3082208A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
DK3082208T3 (en) | 2018-10-15 |
EP3082208B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
CN105531893A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
CN105531893B (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
JPWO2015087558A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
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