WO2015087437A1 - Dispositif de conversion de puissance - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015087437A1
WO2015087437A1 PCT/JP2013/083416 JP2013083416W WO2015087437A1 WO 2015087437 A1 WO2015087437 A1 WO 2015087437A1 JP 2013083416 W JP2013083416 W JP 2013083416W WO 2015087437 A1 WO2015087437 A1 WO 2015087437A1
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Prior art keywords
deceleration
acceleration
time
current
voltage
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PCT/JP2013/083416
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敏 井堀
山崎　正
内野　禎敬
雅之 広田
英則 杉野
祐介 荒尾
Original Assignee
株式会社日立産機システム
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Application filed by 株式会社日立産機システム filed Critical 株式会社日立産機システム
Priority to JP2015552263A priority Critical patent/JP6132934B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2013/083416 priority patent/WO2015087437A1/fr
Publication of WO2015087437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015087437A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/20—Controlling the acceleration or deceleration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power conversion device.
  • Inverters which are power converters, are widely used as speed control devices for induction motors in industry and home appliances.
  • the rotational energy at the time of deceleration of the induction motor is converted into electric energy and stored as electrostatic energy in the smoothing capacitor in the DC intermediate circuit of the power converter, but the amount of storage that can be processed is Since the voltage is small, the voltage across the smoothing capacitor rises, the voltage detection circuit provided in the DC intermediate circuit of the power converter operates, and the power converter stops when it exceeds a preset overvoltage level.
  • the power converter is equipped with a regenerative braking circuit comprising a semiconductor switch and a braking resistor in the DC intermediate circuit, and the rotational energy during deceleration of the AC machine is converted into thermal energy by the braking resistor. It is configured to consume, and the rise of the voltage across the smoothing capacitor is suppressed so that the voltage detection protection circuit does not operate.
  • Patent Document 1 states that “a series circuit of a braking resistor and a switch connected to both ends of the smoothing capacitor, and the switch when the voltage across the smoothing capacitor exceeds a predetermined value.
  • a voltage detection circuit that closes the circuit, a time during which the switch is closed within a predetermined period (T) based on an external start command, and a totaling circuit that outputs the total time ( ⁇ t);
  • a display circuit for displaying to the outside when the period (T) ends.
  • Patent Document 1 describes the usage rate of a braking resistor when using a regenerative energy processing circuit (comprising a braking resistor, a switch, and a control circuit). Which is the shortest deceleration time at which the regenerative energy processing circuit is unnecessary? There is no disclosure of how to decide. That is, the operation when the output frequency is lowered during deceleration is to operate and decelerate without a so-called step-out state, and the deceleration time depends on the inertia moment including the load, the characteristics of the motor, and the like.
  • a power converter for driving an AC motor with AC power having a variable voltage and variable frequency, a rectifier that rectifies the AC voltage and converts it into a DC voltage, and converts the DC voltage with the forward converter.
  • a DC intermediate circuit having a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the generated DC voltage, an inverse converter composed of a semiconductor switching element, a driver circuit for driving the semiconductor switching element, and a current for detecting an output current of the inverse converter
  • a phase difference, a power factor angle, or a power factor value between a detection circuit and an output voltage of the power conversion device and a detection current of the current detection circuit is obtained, and based on the phase difference, the power factor angle, or the power factor value
  • a control circuit for controlling the acceleration time or the deceleration time of the AC motor.
  • the burden on the operator for obtaining the optimum deceleration time or acceleration time can be reduced, and the system startup time can be shortened.
  • movement timing diagram (a) of the output frequency and acceleration / deceleration time of the power converter device in this application It is an operation
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the power conversion apparatus according to the first embodiment. 1 includes a forward converter 1, a smoothing capacitor 2, an inverse converter 3, a control circuit 5, a cooling fan 6, a digital operation panel 7, and a driver circuit 8 for supplying power to the AC motor 4.
  • the regenerative braking circuit 9 is provided.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case where an AC power source is used as an arbitrary input power source.
  • the forward converter 1 converts AC power into DC power.
  • the smoothing capacitor 2 is provided in the direct current intermediate circuit.
  • the inverse converter 3 converts DC power into AC power having an arbitrary frequency.
  • An IGBT as a representative semiconductor element is mounted in the inverse converter 3.
  • the semiconductor element is not limited to the IGBT, and any semiconductor element having a form as a switching element may be used.
  • the cooling fan 6 cools the power modules in the forward converter 1 and the reverse converter 3.
  • the digital operation panel 7 sets, changes, abnormal states, and monitor displays various control data of the power conversion device. For example, an acceleration time when driving the AC motor 4 or a deceleration time when stopping the AC motor 4 can be set.
  • Acceleration / deceleration time which is one of the control data, is stored in a storage unit (not shown), and a microcomputer (not shown) controls acceleration / deceleration of the AC motor 4 based on this data. Furthermore, if you want to perform acceleration operation or deceleration operation in the optimum time, you can select “Acceleration time control mode” or “Deceleration time control mode” with the function code provided in advance on the digital operation panel. it can.
  • the digital operation panel 7 is provided with a display unit capable of displaying an abnormality. When an abnormality is detected in the power conversion device, the display is displayed on the display unit.
  • the type of the digital operation panel 7 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
  • the digital operation panel 7 can be operated while viewing the display on the display unit in consideration of the operability of the apparatus user. Yes.
  • the display unit is not necessarily configured integrally with the operation panel 7, but it is desirable that the display unit be configured integrally so that an operator of the operation panel 7 can operate while viewing the display.
  • Various control data of the power converter input from the digital operation panel 7 is stored in a storage unit (not shown).
  • the control circuit 5 controls the switching elements of the inverter 3 based on various control data input from the digital operation panel 7 and controls the entire power converter 13.
  • An arithmetic unit) is mounted, and is configured to perform necessary control processing according to various control data input from the digital operation panel 7.
  • a microcomputer control arithmetic unit that performs an operation based on information from storage data of a storage unit in which various control data is stored is mounted.
  • the current detector CT detects the U-phase and W-phase line currents of the AC machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which two CTs are used, three CTs may be used to detect the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase line currents.
  • the current detection circuit 10 processes the output of the current detector CT, and the phase detection circuit 11 detects the phase difference between the output voltage of the power converter and the detection current of the current detection circuit.
  • the phase comparison circuit 12 compares the detected phase difference with a predetermined phase value (for example, 180 °).
  • the acceleration / deceleration time correction circuit 13 optimally controls the acceleration time or deceleration time of the power converter based on the phase difference.
  • the driver circuit 8 drives the switching element of the inverse converter 3 based on a command from the control circuit 5.
  • a switching regulator circuit DC / DC converter
  • each DC voltage necessary for the operation of the power converter is generated and supplied to each component.
  • the regenerative braking circuit 9 serves to cause the regenerative braking resistor BR to consume the rotational energy during deceleration of the AC motor as heat energy.
  • the switching element in the regenerative braking circuit 9 is turned on.
  • An IGBT is mounted as a typical switching element in the regenerative braking circuit 9, but naturally this element is not limited to the IGBT, and any element having a form as a switching element may be used.
  • the allowable minimum resistance value Rmin of the braking resistor BR that can be connected to the regenerative braking circuit is also the capacity of the power converter so as not to destroy the IGBT.
  • Each product specification is determined in advance.
  • Various control data of the power conversion device can be set and changed from the digital operation panel 7. Also, when supplying a DC power supply instead of an AC power supply as the input power supply, connect the (+) side of the DC power supply to the DC terminal P (+) side and connect the DC power supply to the DC terminal N (-) side. Connect the-side.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the phase relationship between the input voltage and the input current of the AC motor.
  • A is a phase relationship between the input voltage and the input current of the AC motor in the no-load mode of the AC motor.
  • (B) is a phase relationship between the input voltage and the input current of the AC motor in the motor mode of the AC motor.
  • (C) is a phase relationship between the input voltage and the input current of the AC motor in the generator mode of the AC motor.
  • (c) Operates in generator mode. That is, by detecting the phase of the input phase voltage and the input line current, it is possible to determine whether the operation of the AC motor is the motor mode or the generator mode.
  • FIG. 3 is a control block diagram (first embodiment) of the power conversion apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the output frequency command f1 input to the power converter and the output voltage V * corresponding to the output frequency command are obtained by the voltage calculation circuit to obtain three-phase output phase voltages Vu * , Vv * , Vw * , and the speed of the induction motor is controlled according to the PWM calculation result. To do.
  • the AC output phase voltage of each phase is expressed by the following equation by the PWM arithmetic circuit.
  • ⁇ Vu Vu * * sin ( ⁇ 1 * t)
  • ⁇ Vv Vv ** sin ( ⁇ 1 * t-2 ⁇ / 3)
  • ⁇ Vw Vw * * sin ( ⁇ 1 * t-4 ⁇ / 3)
  • the angular frequency ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ * f1.
  • the microcomputer since the output phase voltage of each phase is determined by performing a PWM calculation on a triangular wave as a carrier wave and a sine wave as a modulation wave by a microcomputer (not shown), the microcomputer recognizes the voltage phase of each phase. That is, the microcomputer determines the phase of each phase voltage. For this reason, for example, if the u-phase phase voltage Vu is used as a reference (zero phase point), the timer counts up the phase of the u-phase line current iu detected by the current detection circuit to a point near zero. It can be detected by calculating the phase difference.
  • the phase detection circuit 11 detects the phase difference ⁇ from the line current iu with respect to the detection signal of the current detection circuit 10 on the basis of the u-phase phase voltage Vu of the PWM arithmetic circuit.
  • the phase difference ⁇ between the line currents iv and iw is detected with reference to the phase voltage Vv and the phase voltage Vw, the intention of this embodiment does not change.
  • the acceleration / deceleration time correction circuit 13 Based on the phase difference ⁇ detected by the phase detection circuit, the acceleration / deceleration time correction circuit 13 automatically corrects the optimum acceleration time or deceleration time of the induction motor driven by the power converter.
  • FIG. 9 shows an operation timing chart of the output frequency and acceleration / deceleration time of the power conversion device in this embodiment.
  • acceleration / deceleration operation can be performed in the shortest time.
  • the deceleration time and the acceleration time always operate at a preset time, or the phase difference ⁇ or the power factor value cos ⁇ is detected, and the speed change rate of the deceleration time and the acceleration time according to the detected value It is configured that the user can arbitrarily select whether to control from a digital operation panel 7 with a function code on a digital operation panel (not shown).
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the deceleration mode is controlled, the speed change rate of the deceleration time is set to zero (deceleration stop when the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value. ), And when the detected voltage becomes less than or less than a predetermined value, it is an operation timing diagram for starting deceleration again.
  • phase difference ⁇ with the line current iu is detected with reference to the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and this phase difference ⁇ is
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is largely controlled so as to approach the phase difference of 180 ° ( ⁇ ) at which the power becomes maximum.
  • the phase difference cannot be completely controlled to 180 ° ( ⁇ ) during regeneration. Therefore, the speed change rate of the deceleration time so that the detected phase difference ⁇ approaches 180 ° ( ⁇ ). Adjust automatically.
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled to be large (short deceleration time), and if the difference is small, the speed change rate of the deceleration time is decreased. Control (long deceleration time).
  • the correlation between the detected phase difference ⁇ and the deceleration time td may be stored in the memory in advance. For example, ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ 110 ° ⁇ td21 110 ° ⁇ ⁇ 130 ° ⁇ td22 ⁇ 130 ° ⁇ ⁇ 150 ° ⁇ td23 ⁇ 150 ° ⁇ ⁇ 170 ° ⁇ td24 ⁇ 170 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 ° ⁇ td25
  • the numerical value of each deceleration time has a relationship of td21 ⁇ td22 ⁇ td23 ⁇ td24 ⁇ td25
  • the speed change rate (slope) of each deceleration time has a relationship of ⁇ td21> ⁇ td22> ⁇ td23> ⁇ td24> ⁇ td25. is there.
  • the difference when the detected phase difference ⁇ is in the range of 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ 110 °, the difference is large with respect to the target 180 °, and therefore the speed change rate of the deceleration time is increased (short deceleration time: td21). To do.
  • the detected phase difference ⁇ is in the range of 110 ° ⁇ ⁇ 130 °, the difference is slightly smaller than the target 180 °, so the speed change rate of the deceleration time is slightly relaxed. (Deceleration time: td22) Control is performed.
  • the deceleration time in this case has a relationship of td21 ⁇ td22.
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is continuously controlled according to the phase difference ⁇ sequentially detected in this way.
  • the phase difference changes the deceleration time every 20 °, but the phase difference is not limited to 20 °, and the intention of the invention does not change every 10 ° or every 30 °.
  • the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value VPNlimu, so the speed change rate of the deceleration time becomes zero (deceleration stop), and the detection voltage becomes less than or less than the predetermined value VPNlimd.
  • Deceleration (deceleration time td3) is started again at time t3.
  • the difference between VPNlim and VPNlimd is called the hysteresis width.
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled in two steps (deceleration times td21 and td22) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ , but based on the detected phase difference ⁇ . Even if the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled in five stages (for example, deceleration times td21, td22, td23, td24, td25), the intention of this embodiment does not change.
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is set to zero (deceleration stop) at time t2
  • the difference between the rotation frequency fr of the AC motor and the output frequency f1 of the power converter decreases, so that the regenerative power also decreases and becomes smooth. It is possible to suppress an increase in charging voltage and an increase in current in the capacitor 2.
  • the detected voltage is equal to or greater than or exceeds a predetermined value VPNlim, so the speed change rate of the deceleration time is set to zero (deceleration stop), and at time t5 when the detected voltage is less than or less than the predetermined value VPNlimd. Deceleration is started again, and the AC motor stops at time t6.
  • the phase difference ⁇ with respect to the line current iu is always detected based on the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled so as to approach the phase difference 180 ° ( ⁇ ) at which the regenerative power becomes maximum. .
  • Control when controlling the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the deceleration mode, if the detected current of the current detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value, the speed change rate of the deceleration time is set to zero (deceleration stop) Control may be performed so that the deceleration is started again when the detected current becomes less than or less than a predetermined value.
  • the deceleration time when controlling the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the deceleration mode, if either the detection current of the current detection circuit or the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value, the deceleration time The speed change rate is controlled to zero (deceleration stop), and when both the detection current of the current detection circuit and the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit are less than or less than a predetermined value, deceleration is started again. May be.
  • phase difference ⁇ with the line current iu is detected with reference to the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and this phase difference ⁇ is
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled to be large (short deceleration time) so as to approach the phase difference of 180 ° ( ⁇ ) at which the power becomes maximum.
  • the phase difference cannot be completely controlled to 180 ° ( ⁇ ) during regeneration. Therefore, the speed change rate of the deceleration time so that the detected phase difference ⁇ approaches 180 ° ( ⁇ ). Adjust automatically. Since the detection current of the current detection circuit exceeds or exceeds the predetermined value Ilimu at time t2, the deceleration state is controlled to be changed to the acceleration state, and again at time t3 when the detection current becomes less than or less than the predetermined value Ilimd. Start deceleration. The difference between Ilimu and Ilimd is called the hysteresis width.
  • the rotational frequency fr of the AC motor is controlled rather than controlling the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the above (a) to zero (deceleration stop).
  • the output frequency f1 of the power converter is further reduced, so that the regenerative power is also greatly reduced, and the voltage rise and current rise of the charging voltage of the smoothing capacitor 2 of the DC intermediate circuit can be suppressed.
  • the required deceleration time (t1 to t6) in the deceleration mode period in the present embodiment (b) can be made shorter than the required deceleration time (t1 to t6) in the deceleration mode period in the embodiment (a). .
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled in two stages (deceleration times td21 and td22) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ .
  • the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled in five stages (for example, deceleration times td21, td22, td23, td24, td25) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ in the same manner as in the embodiment (a), this embodiment is implemented. The intention of the example remains the same.
  • the deceleration state is controlled to be changed to the acceleration state (acceleration time ta3), and time t5 when the detected current becomes less than or less than the predetermined value Ilimd. Then, deceleration (deceleration time td7) is started again, and the AC motor stops at time t6.
  • the phase difference ⁇ with respect to the line current iu is always detected based on the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled so as to approach the phase difference 180 ° ( ⁇ ) at which the regenerative power becomes maximum. .
  • the deceleration state when controlling the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the deceleration mode, if the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit of the DC intermediate circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value, the deceleration state is changed to the acceleration state. The deceleration may be started again when the detected voltage is less than or less than a predetermined value. Further, when controlling the speed change rate of the deceleration time in the deceleration mode, the deceleration state is set when either the detection current of the current detection circuit or the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value. The control may be changed to the acceleration state, and the deceleration may be started again when both the detection current of the current detection circuit and the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit are equal to or less than a predetermined value.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is set to zero (acceleration stop when the detected current of the current detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value. ), And the acceleration is restarted when the detected current becomes less than or less than a predetermined value.
  • phase difference ⁇ With respect to the line current iu is detected based on the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and this phase difference ⁇ is
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled to be large (short acceleration time) so that the phase difference at which the power is maximum approaches 0 °. Since the motor is an inductive load, the phase difference cannot be controlled completely to 0 ° during motoring (powering), so the speed change rate of the acceleration time is automatically adjusted so that the detected phase difference ⁇ approaches 0 °. To do.
  • the detected phase difference is compared with 0 °.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled to be large (short acceleration time), and when the difference is small, the speed change rate of the acceleration time is reduced ( Long acceleration time) to control.
  • the following correlation between the detected phase difference ⁇ and the acceleration time ta may be stored in the memory in advance.
  • each acceleration time has a relationship of ta51 ⁇ ta52 ⁇ ta53 ⁇ ta54 ⁇ ta55
  • the speed change rate (slope) of each acceleration time has a relationship of ⁇ ta51> ⁇ ta52> ⁇ ta53> ⁇ ta54> ⁇ ta55. is there.
  • the difference when the detected phase difference ⁇ is in the range of 70 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, the difference is large with respect to the target of 0 °, so that the speed change rate of the acceleration time is increased (short acceleration time: ta51). To do. Then, when the detected phase difference ⁇ is in the range of 50 ° ⁇ ⁇ 70 °, the difference is slightly smaller than the target 0 °, so the speed change rate of the acceleration time is slightly relaxed. (Acceleration time: ta52) Control is performed. The acceleration time in this case has a relationship of ta51 ⁇ ta52. The speed change rate of the acceleration time is continuously controlled according to the phase difference ⁇ sequentially detected in this way. In this embodiment, the acceleration time is changed every 20 ° for the phase difference, but the phase difference is not limited to 20 °, and the intention of the invention is not changed every 10 ° or every 30 °.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is set to zero (acceleration stop), and again at time t2 when the detected current becomes less than or less than the predetermined value Ilimd. Acceleration (acceleration time ta51) is started.
  • the difference between Ilimu and Ilimd is called the hysteresis width.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled in two stages (acceleration time ta51 and ta52) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ , but based on the detected phase difference ⁇ . Even if the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled in five stages (for example, acceleration times ta51, ta52, ta53, ta54, ta55), the intention of this embodiment does not change. Further, if the speed change rate of the acceleration time is set to zero (acceleration stop) at time t1, the difference between the rotation frequency fr of the AC motor and the output frequency f1 of the power converter decreases, so that the AC motor is accelerated. The acceleration energy is decreased and decreased, and the power supplied to the AC motor is also decreased, so that voltage fluctuation and current increase of the smoothing capacitor 2 of the DC intermediate circuit can be suppressed.
  • the detected current exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value Ilimu, so the speed change rate of the acceleration time is set to zero (acceleration stop), and at time t5 when the detected current becomes less than or less than the predetermined value Ilimd.
  • the acceleration is started again, and the AC motor is completed at time t6.
  • the phase difference ⁇ with respect to the line current iu is always detected on the basis of the u-phase phase voltage Vu, and the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled so as to approach the phase difference 0 ° at which the electric power becomes maximum.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is set to zero (acceleration stop) when the detected current of the current detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the acceleration may be started again when the detected current becomes less than or less than a predetermined value.
  • the acceleration time if either the detection current of the current detection circuit or the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value, the acceleration time The speed change rate is controlled to zero (acceleration stop), and acceleration is restarted when both the detection current of the current detection circuit and the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit are less than or less than a predetermined value. May be.
  • phase difference ⁇ with respect to the line current iu is detected based on the phase voltage Vu of the u phase, and this phase difference ⁇ is
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled to be large (short acceleration time) so that the phase difference approaches 0 ° at which the power is increased.
  • the phase difference cannot be controlled completely to 0 ° during motoring (powering), so the speed change rate of the acceleration time is automatically adjusted so that the detected phase difference ⁇ approaches 0 °. To do.
  • the acceleration state is controlled to be changed to the deceleration state, and again at time t2 when the detection current becomes less than or less than the predetermined value Ilimd. Start acceleration.
  • the difference between Ilimu and Ilimd is called the hysteresis width.
  • the acceleration state is controlled to be changed to the deceleration state (deceleration time td8) at time t1
  • the rotational frequency fr of the AC motor is controlled rather than controlling the speed change rate of the acceleration time in the above (c) to zero (acceleration stop).
  • the output frequency f1 of the power converter is further reduced, the acceleration energy for accelerating the AC motor is reduced, and the electric (powering) side power is also greatly reduced, and the DC intermediate circuit is smoothed.
  • the voltage fluctuation and current rise of the capacitor 2 can be suppressed.
  • the required acceleration time (t1 to t5) in the acceleration mode period in the present embodiment (d) can be made shorter than the required acceleration time (t1 to t6) in the acceleration mode period in the embodiment (c). .
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled in two steps (acceleration time ta51 and ta52) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ , but as in the embodiment (c). Even if the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled in five stages (for example, acceleration times ta51, ta52, ta53, ta54, ta55) based on the detected phase difference ⁇ , the intention of the present embodiment does not change.
  • acceleration acceleration time ta11
  • the AC motor is completed at time t5.
  • the phase difference ⁇ with the line current iu is always detected based on the u-phase phase voltage Vu, and the speed change rate of the acceleration time is controlled so as to approach the phase difference 0 ° at which the electric power (powering) side becomes the maximum. To do.
  • the acceleration state is changed to the deceleration state, and the detection voltage is Acceleration may be started again when it becomes less than or less than a predetermined value.
  • the acceleration state is changed when either the detection current of the current detection circuit or the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit exceeds or exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the control may be changed to the deceleration state, and acceleration may be started again when both the detection current of the current detection circuit and the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit are less than or less than a predetermined value.
  • the speed change rate of the acceleration time or the deceleration time has been described as being constant (straight line).
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and a curve with a variable speed change rate (for example, an S-curve or Even if it is a U-shaped curve), the intention of this embodiment is not changed.
  • FIG. 4 is a control block diagram (second embodiment) of the power conversion apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • Sensorless vector control is called DC motorization control of induction motors, and is transformed into a torque current component contributing to torque and an excitation current component contributing to magnetic flux by coordinate transformation of the primary current flowing through the induction motor.
  • This is a control method that brings out the same control performance as that of a DC machine.
  • control is performed so that the torque current component Iq matches the torque current command value Iq * and the excitation current component Id matches the excitation current command value Id * .
  • the induction motor when the torque current component Iq is positive (Iq> 0) is set as the electric mode, it is found that the regeneration mode is set when the torque current component Iq is negative (Iq ⁇ 0). That is, the sign of the torque current component Iq can determine whether the induction motor is in an electric state (electric motor) or a regenerative state (generator).
  • the orthogonal dq axes are virtual axes, the names of the dq axes (d axis, q axis) are not limited, and even if they are ⁇ axes, the axes need only be orthogonal. That is, the intention of the present embodiment does not change even if the exciting current component Id and the torque current component Iq are changed to the exciting current component I ⁇ and the torque current component I ⁇ .
  • the power factor angle ⁇ or the power factor value cos ⁇ of the primary-side phase voltage Vu and the primary-side u-phase current iu is approximately calculated by the following number (1) to number (4).
  • the operation timing chart of the output frequency of the power conversion device in the present embodiment is the same as that in FIG. 9, and the operations thereof are the same as those in FIGS. 9A, 9 ⁇ / b> B, 9 ⁇ / b> C, and 9 ⁇ / b> D described in the second embodiment. It is the same.
  • the detected power factor value when decelerating, the detected power factor value is compared with cos (180 °), and when the difference is large, the speed change rate of the deceleration time is increased (short deceleration time). If the difference is small, the speed change rate of the deceleration time is controlled to be small (long deceleration time).
  • the following correlation between the detected power factor value cos ⁇ and the deceleration time td may be stored in the memory in advance.
  • FIG. 5 is a control block diagram (third embodiment) of the power conversion apparatus according to the third embodiment. The difference from FIG. 4 is that a torque current command Iq * and an excitation current command Id * are used in place of the detected torque current component Iq and the detected excitation current component Id.
  • the power factor angle ⁇ or the power factor value cos ⁇ of the primary-side phase voltage Vu and the primary-side u-phase current iu can be approximately calculated by the following number (5) to number (8).
  • cos ⁇ Iq * / I1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number (6)
  • cos ⁇ Iq * / (Iq * 2 + Id * 2 ) 1/2 ----------- Number (7)
  • ⁇ cos ⁇ 1 ⁇ Iq * / (Iq * 2 + Id * 2 ) 1/2 ⁇ ⁇ Number (8)
  • the difference from the third embodiment is that the torque current command Iq * and the excitation current command Id * are used to optimize the power factor value, the power factor value cos ⁇ detected by the power factor angle calculation circuit, or the power factor angle ⁇ . It is a point that automatically corrects the acceleration time or deceleration time.
  • the operation timing chart of the output frequency of the power conversion device in the present embodiment is the same as that in FIG. 9, and the operation thereof is the same as that in FIGS. Same as d).
  • FIG. 6 is a timing chart for detecting the effective current and reactive current of the induction motor according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the effective current component Iu (r) is naturally in phase with the phase voltage Vu, and the reactive current component Iu (i) is naturally ⁇ / 2 (90 ° with respect to the phase voltage Vu. )
  • the phase is delayed. This relationship does not depend on the load state of the induction motor. In other words, this relationship is always established whether the induction motor or induction generator is in an unloaded state or a loaded state.
  • the currents at the time of ⁇ / 2 (90 °) and 3 ⁇ / 2 (270 °) are the ⁇ peak values of the effective current component Iu (r), and 0 (0 °)
  • the current at the time of ⁇ (180 °) indicates the ⁇ peak value of the reactive current component Iu (i). That is, on the basis of the phase voltage Vu, sampling points of the following phases represent the u-phase active current component and the u-phase reactive current component, respectively.
  • Iu (i) 0 ⁇ u-phase effective current component Iu (r)
  • Iu (r) 0 ⁇ u-phase reactive current component Iu (i)
  • the v-phase current iv is in a state where the phase is delayed by 2 ⁇ / 3 (120 °) with respect to the u-phase current iu
  • the w-phase current iw is The phase is 4 ⁇ / 3 (240 °) behind the current iu.
  • the sampling points in the following phases represent the v-phase active current component and the v-phase reactive current component, respectively.
  • ⁇ / 6 and 7 ⁇ / 6 time points: Iv (i) 0 ⁇ v-phase effective current component Iv (r)
  • Iv (r) 0 ⁇ v phase reactive current component Iv (i)
  • the sampling times of the following phases represent the w-phase active current component and the w-phase reactive current component, respectively.
  • Iw (i) 0 ⁇ w-phase effective current component Iw (r)
  • Iw (r) 0 ⁇ w-phase reactive current component Iw (i) That is, by sampling and detecting the primary u-phase current at the time ⁇ ui of 0 (0 °) and ⁇ (180 °) with the phase voltage Vu as a reference, the u-phase reactive current component Iu (i) can be detected, By sampling and detecting the primary-side v-phase current at time points ⁇ vi of 2 ⁇ / 3 (120 °) and 5 ⁇ / 3 (300 °), the v-phase reactive current component Iv (i) can be detected, and ⁇ / 3 (60 ° ) And 4 ⁇ / 3 (240 °), it is clear that the w-phase reactive current component Iw (i) can be detected by sampling and detecting the primary-side w-phase
  • the reactive current component can be detected by detecting the current in a specific phase with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
  • the v-phase voltage Vv is used as a reference.
  • the w-phase voltage Vw may be used as a reference.
  • the reactive current component I1 (i) can be detected by detecting the motor current in the vicinity of a specific phase ( ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, ⁇ wi) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
  • the present invention is not limited to the detection of the motor current in the vicinity of all the specific phase points ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, and ⁇ wi, but only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ ui or only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ vi.
  • the reactive current component I1 (i) that is the motor current at the time point or only at the time point near the specific phase ⁇ wi may be detected.
  • the reactive current component I1 (i) that is the motor current in the vicinity of two specific phase time points (for example, ⁇ ui and ⁇ vi) among the phase points ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, and ⁇ wi may be detected.
  • the u-phase effective current component Iu ( r) can be detected, and the v-phase effective current component Iv (r) can be detected by sampling and detecting the primary-side v-phase current at time points ⁇ vr of 5 ⁇ / 6 (150 °) and 11 ⁇ / 6 (330 °), By sampling and detecting the primary-side w-phase current at time points ⁇ wr of ⁇ / 6 (30 °) and 7 ⁇ / 6 (210 °), the w-phase effective current component Iw (r) can be detected.
  • the principle that an effective current component can be detected by detecting a current in a specific phase with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu has been described.
  • the v-phase voltage Vv is used as a reference.
  • the w-phase voltage Vw may be used as a reference.
  • phase voltage Vu the phase voltage Vv, and the phase voltage Vw are used as a reference
  • the specific phase to be sampled differs depending on the reference phase voltage, and if the specific phase point to be sampled is not mistaken, the effective current component
  • the peak value of ⁇ is the same value.
  • the effective current component I1 (r) can be detected by detecting the motor current in the vicinity of specific phases ( ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, ⁇ wr) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
  • the present invention is not limited to the detection of the motor current in the vicinity of all the specific phase points ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, and ⁇ wr, but only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ ur or only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ vr.
  • the effective current component I1 (r) that is the motor current at the time point or only at the time point near the specific phase ⁇ wr may be detected.
  • an effective current component I1 (r) that is an electric motor current in the vicinity of two specific phase time points (for example, ⁇ ur and ⁇ vr) may be detected among the phase points ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, and ⁇ wr.
  • FIG. 7 is a control block diagram (fourth embodiment) of the power conversion apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the power factor angle ⁇ or the power factor value cos ⁇ of the primary-side phase voltage Vu and the primary-side u-phase current iu is approximately calculated by the following number (14) to number (18).
  • the power generation mode is set. That is, it is possible to determine whether the induction motor is in an electric state (electric motor) or a regenerative state (generator) based on the sign of the effective current component I1 (r).
  • the power factor angle ⁇ is 0 ° to 90 ° or the power factor value cos ⁇ is 0 to 1, it is an electric mode, and the power factor angle ⁇ is 90 ° to 180 ° or the power factor value cos ⁇ is ⁇ 1 to
  • the regeneration mode is selected. That is, whether the induction motor is in an electric state (motor) or a regenerative state (generator) can be determined from the power factor angle ⁇ or the power factor value cos ⁇ .
  • the power factor value cos ⁇ detected by the power factor angle calculation circuit, or the power factor angle ⁇ Based on the power factor value, the power factor value cos ⁇ detected by the power factor angle calculation circuit, or the power factor angle ⁇ , the optimum acceleration time or deceleration time of the induction motor driven by the power conversion device by the acceleration / deceleration time correction circuit 13 Is automatically corrected.
  • the operation timing chart of the output frequency of the power conversion device in the present embodiment is the same as that in FIG. 9, and the operation thereof is the same as FIGS. 9A, 9 ⁇ / b> B, 9 ⁇ / b> C, 9 ⁇ / b> C described in the second embodiment. Same as d). Further, the power factor value cos ⁇ and the power factor angle ⁇ obtained by using the numbers (1) to (12) are examples, and the numbers (1) to (12) are not limited.
  • FIG. 8 is another main circuit configuration diagram of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components and the same functions. What is different from FIG. 1 is the detection position of the current detector.
  • SH1, SHi, and SHd are shunt resistors for current detection, SH1 detects the current on the N side of the DC intermediate circuit, and SHi is a U-phase that is each switching element of the lower arm constituting the inverter 3 And SHd are connected to diodes connected in parallel to the IGBTs that are the switching elements.
  • the shunt resistor SHi provided on the DC bus side of the power converter is a current detector that detects a combined current flowing through each IGBT, and the shunt resistor SHd is connected to a diode connected in parallel to each IGBT. It is a current detector that detects a combined current that flows.
  • the shunt resistors SHi and SHd are connected to the lower arm IGBT and the diode constituting the U phase, but may be connected to the upper arm IGBT and the diode constituting the U phase to detect the current.
  • each line current of the motor can be indirectly detected. For this reason, from the current in the vicinity of a specific phase based on the torque current component value and the excitation current component value obtained by coordinate axis conversion of the detected current of the current detection circuit and the u-phase phase voltage Vu of the PWM calculation circuit, the effective current The component I1 (r) and the reactive current component I1 (i) are detected and can be controlled in the same manner as in the first to fourth embodiments.
  • a power converter that automatically sets an optimal deceleration time or acceleration time that does not reach the overvoltage protection level or overcurrent protection level without adjusting the deceleration time or acceleration time of the AC motor. Because it can be provided, the user does not need to perform an operation to obtain the optimal deceleration time or acceleration time according to the moment of inertia including the system load or the characteristics of the motor, and the system startup time can be reduced. There is. Further, the contents and effects disclosed in the first to sixth embodiments are irrelevant to the presence or absence of the regenerative braking circuit 9 described in FIGS. 1 and 8, and the same effect can be obtained even in a power conversion device without a regenerative braking circuit. Can do.
  • SYMBOLS 1 Forward converter, 2 ... Smoothing capacitor, 3 ... Reverse converter, 4 ... Induction motor, 5 ... Control circuit, 6 ... Cooling fan, 7 ... Digital operation panel, 8 ... Gate drive circuit, 9 ... Regenerative braking circuit , DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Current detection circuit, 11 ... Phase detection circuit, 12 ... Acceleration / deceleration time correction circuit, 13 ... Power converter, CT ... Current detector, SH1, SHi, SHd ... Current detection shunt resistor on the DC bus side, ta1 , Ta2 ... acceleration time, td1, td2 ... deceleration time, t ... time, * ... multiplication operator, / ... division operator, j ... imaginary part operator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Lors de l'accroissement ou de la diminution de la vitesse d'un moteur en CA piloté par un dispositif de conversion de puissance, afin de trouver la longueur de temps optimale sur laquelle diminuer la vitesse dudit moteur, un opérateur finit par effectuer des opérations d'accroissement de vitesse et de diminution de vitesse environ une douzaine de fois tout en prenant en compte les caractéristiques du moteur et le moment d'inertie du moteur, incluant une charge. De tels procédés présentent un problème de lourd fardeau pour l'opérateur et de longue durée de démarrage du système. Ainsi, le présent dispositif de conversion de puissance, lequel utilise une puissance en CA à tension variable et à fréquence variable pour piloter un moteur en CA, comporte : un redresseur qui redresse une tension en CA, la convertissant en tension en CC ; un circuit en CC intermédiaire qui comprend un condensateur de lissage qui lisse la tension en CC produite par le redresseur ; un onduleur comprenant un élément commutateur semi-conducteur ; un circuit pilote qui pilote ledit élément commutateur semi-conducteur ; un circuit de détection de courant qui détecte le courant produit par l'onduleur ; et un circuit de commande qui détermine la différence de phase, l'angle de facteur de puissance ou le facteur de puissance entre la tension de sortie du dispositif de conversion de puissance et le courant détecté par le circuit de détection de courant, et sur la base de ladite différence de phase, dudit angle de facteur de puissance ou dudit facteur de puissance, commande la longueur de temps sur laquelle accroître ou diminuer la vitesse du moteur en CA.
PCT/JP2013/083416 2013-12-13 2013-12-13 Dispositif de conversion de puissance WO2015087437A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2013/083416 WO2015087437A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2013-12-13 Dispositif de conversion de puissance

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CN109742983B (zh) * 2018-12-24 2020-11-10 浙江大学 一种非连续供电的电机控制方法

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08331890A (ja) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-13 Sanken Electric Co Ltd 誘導電動機の制御方法及び装置
WO2000014863A1 (fr) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Regulateur pour moteur
JP2004248392A (ja) * 2003-02-13 2004-09-02 Nippon Pulse Motor Co Ltd モータ制御方法及びモータ制御用パルス発生ｉｃ
JP2006320134A (ja) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd モータ駆動回路、及びそれを搭載する電気洗濯機
JP2007151215A (ja) * 2005-11-24 2007-06-14 Sharp Corp インバータ装置、圧縮機駆動装置および冷凍・空調装置
JP2008043126A (ja) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-21 Yaskawa Electric Corp 交流電動機のインバータ制御装置とその制御方法
JP2013005573A (ja) * 2011-06-16 2013-01-07 Hitachi Appliances Inc 交流モータの制御装置、および、これを用いた冷凍空調装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08331890A (ja) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-13 Sanken Electric Co Ltd 誘導電動機の制御方法及び装置
WO2000014863A1 (fr) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Regulateur pour moteur
JP2004248392A (ja) * 2003-02-13 2004-09-02 Nippon Pulse Motor Co Ltd モータ制御方法及びモータ制御用パルス発生ｉｃ
JP2006320134A (ja) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd モータ駆動回路、及びそれを搭載する電気洗濯機
JP2007151215A (ja) * 2005-11-24 2007-06-14 Sharp Corp インバータ装置、圧縮機駆動装置および冷凍・空調装置
JP2008043126A (ja) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-21 Yaskawa Electric Corp 交流電動機のインバータ制御装置とその制御方法
JP2013005573A (ja) * 2011-06-16 2013-01-07 Hitachi Appliances Inc 交流モータの制御装置、および、これを用いた冷凍空調装置

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