WO2015081767A1 - 一种可分离式转向机构 - Google Patents

一种可分离式转向机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015081767A1
WO2015081767A1 PCT/CN2014/089304 CN2014089304W WO2015081767A1 WO 2015081767 A1 WO2015081767 A1 WO 2015081767A1 CN 2014089304 W CN2014089304 W CN 2014089304W WO 2015081767 A1 WO2015081767 A1 WO 2015081767A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steering column
worm
bearing seat
detachable
elastic member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/089304
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宁佳飞
Original Assignee
北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
北京智科投资管理有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司, 北京智科投资管理有限公司 filed Critical 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
Priority to EP14867937.6A priority Critical patent/EP3078569A4/en
Priority to US15/101,769 priority patent/US9873447B2/en
Publication of WO2015081767A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015081767A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
    • B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
    • B62D1/192—Yieldable or collapsible columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
    • B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
    • B62D1/197—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible incorporating devices for preventing ingress of the steering column into the passengers space in case of accident
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/09—Control elements or operating handles movable from an operative to an out-of-the way position, e.g. pedals, switch knobs, window cranks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
    • B60R21/203—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components in steering wheels or steering columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/20—Connecting steering column to steering gear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automotive airbag systems, and more particularly to a detachable steering mechanism.
  • an airbag is built in the car to improve its safety.
  • the airbag of the driver's position is installed in the steering mechanism of the car.
  • the vehicle When the car has a sufficiently serious frontal collision or an approximate frontal collision accident (equivalent to a collision with a rigid wall at a speed greater than 16 km/h), the vehicle is on the vehicle.
  • the detection of the collision ignition device transmits a sudden deceleration signal to the igniter of the gas generator, causing the relevant substance to generate nitrogen gas to inflate the airbag in front of the driver.
  • the time it takes for helium to fill the airbag is less than 0.05 s, and the gas-generating hero is sodium azide NaN3.
  • 100g of NaN3 can generate about 50L of nitrogen after explosion, completely filled with airbags.
  • the airbag has a venting hole on the side.
  • the nitrogen in the airbag is discharged through the venting hole.
  • the hotter helium gas is cooled quickly after being discharged, absorbing the forward movement of the driver. energy of.
  • the airbag will eject at an extremely fast speed, and the steering wheel is fixed, so that the driver's head is in full contact with the airbag in a short stroke. Due to the short buffering process, the airbag causes a large impact on the driver's head, which easily causes injury to the driver's head.
  • the present invention has made advantageous improvements.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a detachable steering mechanism capable of realizing axial movement of a steering wheel when a collision occurs in a car and an airbag is built in the steering wheel, thereby increasing The stroke of the driver's head and the airbag colliding buffer reduces the impact of the airbag on the driver's head.
  • a detachable steering mechanism comprising a steering wheel, an upper steering column, a worm, a drive system and a control system;
  • the worm is provided with a first bearing seat at one end and a first bearing at the other end a bearing housing;
  • the steering wheel is fixedly connected to the upper steering column;
  • the upper steering column is provided with a thread, and the worm is provided with a first transmission gear, the thread of the upper steering column and the first transmission
  • the gears mesh with each other; after the control system detects that the steering wheel airbag is ejected, the drive system is controlled to drive the worm to separate the first transmission gear from the thread on the upper steering column to allow the upper
  • the steering column moves along its own axis.
  • control system comprises a sensor and a controller, the controller being respectively connected to the sensor and the drive system.
  • the senor is a trigger type sensor.
  • the driving system includes an elastic member and a stopper driving mechanism in a loaded state; the elastic member is disposed on the first bearing seat; and the first bearing housing is further provided with a stopper for blocking
  • the first bearing seat is moved by the action of the elastic member; when the steering wheel airbag is ejected, the stopper driving mechanism drives the stopper to move and disengage from the first bearing seat, and the elastic member
  • the first bearing seat is driven by the thrust to drive the worm.
  • the elastic member is a spring, and the number of the springs is plural.
  • the spring is vertically disposed on a side of the first bearing seat adjacent to the upper steering column, and the spring is in a compressed state.
  • the plurality of springs are evenly distributed on the first bearing housing.
  • the second bearing seat is provided with a pin shaft; and the worm drives the second bearing seat to rotate around the pin shaft under the action of the elastic member thrust.
  • the pin is disposed at the second in a direction parallel to the upper steering column Inside the bearing housing.
  • the block driving mechanism adopts a pneumatic driving mode or an electric driving mode.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the detachable steering mechanism provided by the present invention can realize the axial movement of the steering wheel when the steering wheel airbag is ejected, thereby increasing the stroke of the driver's head and the airbag collision buffer, and reducing the impact of the airbag on the driver's head. To improve the safety performance of the car;
  • the invention has simple structure, can automatically realize the separation control of the steering mechanism, ensures the stability and accuracy of the control of the separate steering mechanism, and further improves the safety performance of the steering mechanism.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of the separable steering mechanism of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the detachable steering mechanism of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of the detachable steering mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of the detachable steering mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control system of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides a detachable steering mechanism, including a steering wheel 1, an upper steering column 2, a worm 10, a lower steering column 6, a first transmission gear 3, and a second transmission gear 7.
  • the drive system and the control system; the steering wheel 1 is disposed at an upper end of the upper steering column 2, and the upper steering column 2 is provided with a thread 11 near the lower end position.
  • One of the worms 10 The end is provided with a first bearing block 4 and the other end is provided with a second bearing block 8.
  • the first bearing block 4 and the second bearing block 8 are fixedly mounted in a movable manner in a specific case, for example, on a member fixed with respect to the body body or directly on the body body.
  • the worm 10 is provided with a first transmission gear 3, and the central axis of the first transmission gear 3 coincides with the central axis of the worm 10.
  • the lower steering column 6 is provided with a second transmission gear 7, and the central axis of the second transmission gear 3 is perpendicular to the central axis of the worm 10.
  • the steering wheel 1 is fixedly connected to the upper steering column 2. When the steering wheel 1 is rotated, the steering wheel 1 can drive the upper steering column 2 to rotate.
  • the thread 11 on the upper steering column 2 and the first transmission gear 3 mesh with each other to cooperate with the transmission, and the upper steering column 2 can drive the worm 10 to rotate.
  • the worm 10 cooperates with the second transmission gear 7 through the thread thereon to drive the lower steering column 6 to rotate.
  • the control system monitors the drive system to drive the worm 10 after the airbag is ejected, so that the worm 10 is displaced. Thereby, the first transmission gear 3 is disengaged from the thread 11 on the upper steering column 2. Therefore, when the airbag built in the steering wheel is ejected, the steering wheel and the upper steering column 2 can move axially along the upper steering column 2. After the car collided, the driver's head collided with the airbag located above the steering wheel. Since the steering wheel can realize axial movement, the stroke of the driver's head and the airbag collision buffer is increased, and the instantaneous impact of the airbag on the driver's head is reduced, and the safety is improved.
  • control system 20 includes a sensor and a controller that are coupled to the sensor and drive system, respectively.
  • the controller can be made of a single chip, which monitors the steering wheel airbag through the sensor; the sensor can detect whether the steering wheel airbag is ejected.
  • the sensor of the embodiment employs a trigger type sensor.
  • the trigger type sensor sends the sensed airbag trigger signal to the controller, and after the controller processes, sends a control command to the drive system to cause the drive system to drive the worm, thereby turning the transmission gear on the worm and the upper steering The threads on the column are separated.
  • the drive system of the present invention can adopt various structural forms, and the technical problem of the present invention can be solved as long as the mechanism capable of driving the worm and separating the first transmission gear on the worm from the thread on the upper steering column can be solved. That is, the first bearing housing 4 and the second bearing The seat 8 is mounted on the body of the vehicle in such a manner as to be movable relative to the body of the vehicle, and the form of movement includes rotation and movement.
  • the preferred driving system of the present embodiment specifically includes an elastic member and a stopper driving mechanism (not shown); the elastic member is in a loaded state.
  • the elastic member preferably uses a spring; the spring 5 is disposed on the side of the first bearing housing 4.
  • the spring 5 abuts against the body or structure that is fixed relative to the body of the vehicle body.
  • the spring 5 exerts an elastic force on the first bearing block 4 perpendicular to the side such that the first bearing block 4 has a tendency to deviate from its normal working position.
  • a stopper 12 is provided at a side of the first bearing housing 4 opposite to the spring 5. The stopper 12 serves to block the first bearing housing 4 from being moved by the thrust of the spring 5.
  • the stop drive mechanism is pneumatic or electric.
  • the pneumatic driving manner of the stopper driving mechanism is to drive the mechanical transmission mechanism to complete the telescopic movement by the pneumatic power source, so that the stopper 12 moves away from the first bearing housing 4; similarly, the electric driving method is to use the electric motor through the mechanical transmission mechanism. The telescopic action is completed, thereby driving the stopper to move.
  • the stopper driving mechanism drives the stopper 12 away from the first bearing housing 4; the spring 5 causes the first bearing housing 4 to be elastically moved and drives the worm 10, The first transmission gear 3 on the worm 10 is separated from the thread 11 of the upper steering column 2.
  • the number of the springs 5 is plural.
  • the spring 5 is vertically disposed on the first bearing housing 4 on the side close to the upper steering column 2, and the spring 5 is in a compressed state.
  • One end of the spring 5 is coupled to the first bearing housing, and the other end is abutted against a bracket fixed to the body of the automobile body.
  • the plurality of springs 5 are evenly distributed on one side surface of the first bearing housing 4 to ensure uniform force of the first bearing housing.
  • the second bearing block 8 is provided with a pin shaft 9 , and the worm 10 drives the second bearing block 8 to rotate around the pin 9 and is separated from the upper steering column 2 .
  • the pin 9 is disposed in the second bearing housing 8 in a direction parallel to the upper steering column 2 and is fixed to the vehicle body bracket.
  • both the first bearing block 4 and the second bearing block 8 rotate about the pin 9.
  • the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing are synchronously translated to effect separation or disengagement of the first transmission gear from the threads of the upper steering column.
  • the second bearing housing is also provided with the elastic member; and the second bearing housing is also provided with a stopper for blocking
  • the second bearing seat is moved by the action of the elastic member; when the steering wheel airbag is ejected, the stopper driving mechanism drives the stopper to move and disengage from the second bearing seat, and the elastic member
  • the second bearing seat is driven by the thrust to drive the worm.
  • the worm is driven by the synchronous translation of the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat, so that the first transmission gear on the worm is separated from the thread of the upper steering column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)

Abstract

一种可分离式转向机构，所述可分离式转向机构包括方向盘（1）、上转向柱（2）、蜗杆（10）、驱动系统和控制系统（20），所述方向盘（1）固定连接至所述上转向柱（2），所述上转向柱（2）设有螺纹（11），且所述蜗杆（10）上设有第一传动齿轮（3），所述上转向柱（2）的螺纹（11）与所述第一传动齿轮（3）相互啮合转动，所述控制系统（20）监测到方向盘安全气囊弹出后，控制所述驱动系统来驱动所述蜗杆（10），使所述第一传动齿轮（3）与所述上转向柱（2）上的螺纹（11）分离，以允许所述上转向柱（2）柱沿其自身轴线运动。所述可分离式转向机构可以在方向盘安全气囊弹出时，实现方向盘（1）的轴向移动，从而增加驾驶员头部与方向盘安全气囊碰撞缓冲的行程，减少安全气囊对驾驶员头部的冲击，提高汽车的安全性能。

Description

一种可分离式转向机构 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车安全气囊系统领域，特别涉及一种可分离式转向机构。
背景技术
现有技术中，汽车内置安全气囊以提高其安全性。驾驶员位置的安全气囊安装在汽车转向机构内，当汽车发生足够严重的前碰撞或近似前碰撞事故(相当于以大于l6km/h的速度与一刚性壁正面碰撞)的时候，在车上的探测碰撞点火装置会将突然减速信号传递给气体发生器的引爆装置，使相关物质生成氮气，使驾驶员前方的安全气囊充气。氦气充满气囊所用时间不到0.05s，而产生气体的功臣则是叠氮化钠NaN3。据计算，100g NaN3爆炸后可以生成约50L的氮气，完全充满安全气囊。安全气囊的侧面有排气孔，当驾驶员碰压膨胀的安全气囊时，安全气囊内的氮气通过排气孔排出，原来较热的氦气气体在排出后快速冷却，吸收驾驶员向前运动的能量。但是，当汽车发生碰撞时，安全气囊会以极快的速度弹出，而方向盘又固定不动，使得驾驶员头部在较短的行程内与安全气囊充分接触。由于缓冲过程较短，致使安全气囊对驾驶员头部造成较大的冲击，容易导致驾驶员头部的伤害。
为了解决以上问题，本发明做了有益改进。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种可分离式转向机构，能够在汽车发生碰撞且方向盘内置安全气囊弹出时，实现方向盘的轴向移动，从而增加 驾驶员头部与安全气囊碰撞缓冲的行程，减少气囊对驾驶员头部的冲击。
(二)技术方案
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种可分离式转向机构，包括方向盘、上转向柱、蜗杆、驱动系统和控制系统；所述蜗杆的一端设置有第一轴承座，另一端设置有第二轴承座；所述方向盘固定连接至所述上转向柱；所述上转向柱设有螺纹，且所述蜗杆上设有第一传动齿轮，所述上转向柱的螺纹与所述第一传动齿轮相互啮合；所述控制系统监测到方向盘安全气囊弹出后，控制所述驱动系统来驱动所述蜗杆，使所述第一传动齿轮与所述上转向柱上的螺纹分离，以允许所述上转向柱沿其自身轴线运动。
其中，所述控制系统包括传感器和控制器，所述控制器分别与所述传感器和驱动系统连接。
进一步，所述传感器为触发型传感器。
具体地，所述驱动系统包括处于负载状态的弹性件和挡块驱动机构；所述弹性件设置在所述第一轴承座上；所述第一轴承座上还设置有挡块，用于阻挡该第一轴承座受所述弹性件推力作用而移动；当方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述挡块驱动机构带动所述挡块移动并脱离所述第一轴承座，而所述弹性件使所述第一轴承座受推力作用而带动所述蜗杆。
优选的，所述弹性件为弹簧，所述弹簧的数量为多个。
其中，所述弹簧垂直设置在所述第一轴承座上靠近上转向柱的侧面上，且该弹簧处于压缩状态。
进一步，所述多个弹簧均匀分布在所述第一轴承座上。
其中，所述第二轴承座内设有销轴；在所述弹性件推力作用下，所述蜗杆带动所述第二轴承座绕所述销轴转动。
进一步，所述销轴以平行于所述上转向柱的方向设置在所述第二 轴承座内。
其中，所述挡块驱动机构采用气压驱动方式或电力驱动方式。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术和产品相比，本发明有如下优点：
1、本发明提供的可分离式转向机构可以在方向盘安全气囊弹出时，实现方向盘的轴向移动，从而增加驾驶员头部与安全气囊碰撞缓冲的行程，减少安全气囊对驾驶员头部的冲击，提高汽车的安全性能；
2、本发明结构简单，能够自动实现转向机构的分离控制，确保该分离式转向机构操控的稳定性和精确性，进一步提高转向机构的安全性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的可分离式转向机构的立体结构示意图一；
图2是本发明的可分离式转向机构的立体结构示意图二；
图3是本发明的可分离式转向机构的立体结构示意图三；
图4是本发明的可分离式转向机构的立体结构示意图四；
图5是本发明的控制系统方框结构图。
附图中，各标号所代表的组件列表如下：
1-方向盘，2-上转向柱，3-第一传动齿轮，4-第一轴承座，5-弹簧，6-下转向柱，7-第二传动齿轮，8-第二轴承座，9-销轴，10-蜗杆，11-螺纹，12-挡块，20-控制系统。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做一个详细的说明。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例提供一种可分离式转向机构，包括方向盘1、上转向柱2、蜗杆10、下转向柱6、第一传动齿轮3、第二传动齿轮7、驱动系统和控制系统；方向盘1设置在上转向柱2的上端，该上转向柱2靠近下端部位置设有螺纹11。所述蜗杆10的一 端设置有第一轴承座4，另一端设置有第二轴承座8。第一轴承座4和第二轴承座8以在特定情况下可运动的方式固定安装，例如安装在相对于车身主体固定的构件上或直接安装在车身主体上。所述蜗杆10上设有第一传动齿轮3，第一传动齿轮3的中心轴线与蜗杆10的中心轴线重合。下转向柱6上设有第二传动齿轮7，第二传动齿轮3的中心轴线与蜗杆10的中心轴线交叉垂直。方向盘1固定连接至上转向柱2。在转动方向盘1时，方向盘1可以带动上转向柱2转动。上转向柱2上的螺纹11与第一传动齿轮3相互啮合，从而配合传动，上转向柱2可以带动蜗杆10转动。蜗杆10通过其上的螺纹与第二传动齿轮7配合，带动下转向柱6转动。在方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述控制系统监测到安全气囊弹出后，控制所述驱动系统来驱动蜗杆10，使得蜗杆10移位。从而使第一传动齿轮3与所述上转向柱2上的螺纹11脱开啮合。从而，在方向盘内置的安全气囊弹出时，方向盘及上转向柱2可实现沿上转向柱2轴向移动。在汽车发生碰撞后，驾驶员的头部与位于方向盘上面的安全气囊强烈冲撞。由于方向盘可实现轴向移动，增加了驾驶员头部与安全气囊碰撞缓冲的行程，减少安全气囊对驾驶员头部的瞬间的冲击，提高其安全性。
具体地，如图5所示，控制系统20包括传感器和控制器，控制器分别与所述传感器和驱动系统连接。控制器可采用单片机制成，其通过所述传感器监测方向盘安全气囊；传感器可监测到方向盘安全气囊是否弹出。优选的，本实施例的传感器采用触发型传感器。该触发型传感器将感应到的安全气囊触发信号发送至控制器，控制器经过处理后，向所述驱动系统发出控制指令，使驱动系统驱动蜗杆，从而使蜗杆上的传动齿轮与所述上转向柱上的螺纹分离。
其中，本发明中的驱动系统可采用多种结构形式，只要能够驱动蜗杆并使蜗杆上的第一传动齿轮与所述上转向柱上的螺纹分离的机构都能解决本发明的技术问题。也就是说，第一轴承座4和第二轴承 座8以能够相对车身主体运动的方式安装在车身主体上，运动的形式包括转动和平动。如图3和图4所示，本实施例优选的驱动系统，具体包括弹性件和挡块驱动机构(图中未显示)；所述弹性件处于负载状态。该弹性件优选采用弹簧；弹簧5设置在第一轴承座4的侧面上。可以理解的是，弹簧5的另一端抵靠在车身主体上或相对于车身主体固定的构件或结构上。弹簧5对第一轴承座4施加一个垂直于所述侧面的弹性力，使得第一轴承座4具有偏离其正常工作位置的趋势。在第一轴承座4的与弹簧5相对的一侧处设置有挡块12。挡块12用于阻挡第一轴承座4受弹簧5的推力作用而移动。所述挡块驱动机构采用气动方式或电动方式。挡块驱动机构采用气动方式就是通过气压动力源带动机械传动机构完成伸缩动作，使所述挡块12移动而脱离所述第一轴承座4；同样地，采用电动方式就是利用电动机通过机械传动机构完成伸缩动作，从而带动挡块移动。
当方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述挡块驱动机构带动所述挡块12远离所述第一轴承座4；所述弹簧5使所述第一轴承座4受弹力移动且带动所述蜗杆10，使该蜗杆10上的第一传动齿轮3与所述上转向柱2的螺纹11分离。
进一步，所述弹簧5的数量为多个。所述弹簧5垂直设置在所述第一轴承座4上靠近上转向柱2的侧面上，且该弹簧5处于压缩状态。弹簧5的一端与第一轴承座连接，另一端与相对于汽车车身主体固定的支架抵靠。所述多个弹簧5均匀分布在所述第一轴承座4一侧表面上，保证第一轴承座受力均匀。
其中，所述第二轴承座8内设有销轴9，所述蜗杆10可带动所述第二轴承座8绕所述销轴9转动，并与所述上转向柱2分离。所述销轴9以平行于所述上转向柱2的方向设置在所述第二轴承座8内，并固定在汽车车身支架上。当弹簧5推动所述蜗杆10朝远离上转向柱2方向运动时，所述蜗杆10带动第二轴承座4绕所述销轴9转动， 从而使蜗杆10上的第一传动齿轮3与所述上转向柱2的螺纹11分离。
在图示实施例中，第一轴承座4和第二轴承座8都绕销轴9转动。在一个未图示实施例中，第一轴承座和第二轴承座同步平动，以实现第一传动齿轮与所述上转向柱的螺纹的分离或脱开啮合。具体地，除与图示实施例中对于第一轴承座设置驱动机构之外，第二轴承座上也设置有所述弹性件；对于所述第二轴承座也设置有挡块，用于阻挡该第二轴承座受所述弹性件推力作用而移动；当方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述挡块驱动机构带动所述挡块移动并脱离所述第二轴承座，而所述弹性件使所述第二轴承座受推力作用而带动所述蜗杆运动。由此，通过第一轴承座和第二轴承座的同步平动，来带动蜗杆，使得蜗杆上的第一传动齿轮与所述上转向柱的螺纹分离。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，包括方向盘、上转向柱、蜗杆、驱动系统和控制系统；所述蜗杆的一端设置有第一轴承座，另一端设置有第二轴承座；所述方向盘固定连接至所述上转向柱；所述上转向柱设有螺纹，且所述蜗杆上设有第一传动齿轮，所述上转向柱的螺纹与所述第一传动齿轮相互啮合；所述控制系统监测到方向盘安全气囊弹出后，控制所述驱动系统来驱动所述蜗杆，使所述第一传动齿轮与所述上转向柱上的螺纹分离，以允许所述上转向柱沿其自身轴线运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述控制系统包括传感器和控制器，所述控制器分别与所述传感器和驱动系统连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述传感器为触发型传感器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述驱动系统包括处于负载状态的弹性件和挡块驱动机构；所述弹性件设置在所述第一轴承座上；所述第一轴承座上还设置有挡块，用于阻挡该第一轴承座受所述弹性件推力作用而移动；当方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述挡块驱动机构带动所述挡块移动并脱离所述第一轴承座，而所述弹性件使所述第一轴承座受推力作用而带动所述蜗杆。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所第一轴承座与所述第二轴承座相比，与所述第一传动齿轮之间的距离更小。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述弹簧垂直设置在所述第一轴承座上靠近上转向柱的侧面上，且该弹簧处于压缩状态。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所 述第二轴承座内设有销轴；在所述弹性件推力作用下，所述蜗杆带动所述第二轴承座绕所述销轴转动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述销轴以平行于所述上转向柱的方向设置在所述第二轴承座内。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述第二轴承座上设置有处于负载状态的所述弹性件；对于所述第二轴承座还设置有挡块，用于阻挡该第二轴承座受所述弹性件推力作用而移动；当方向盘安全气囊弹出时，所述挡块驱动机构带动所述挡块移动并脱离所述第二轴承座，而所述弹性件使所述第二轴承座受推力作用而带动所述蜗杆。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的可分离式转向机构，其特征在于，所述挡块驱动机构采用气压驱动方式或电力驱动方式。
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