WO2015080124A1 - 排水処理方法、膜蒸留モジュールおよび排水処理装置 - Google Patents
排水処理方法、膜蒸留モジュールおよび排水処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015080124A1 WO2015080124A1 PCT/JP2014/081168 JP2014081168W WO2015080124A1 WO 2015080124 A1 WO2015080124 A1 WO 2015080124A1 JP 2014081168 W JP2014081168 W JP 2014081168W WO 2015080124 A1 WO2015080124 A1 WO 2015080124A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- membrane
- treated liquid
- wastewater
- membrane distillation
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
- B01D61/3641—Membrane distillation comprising multiple membrane distillation steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
- C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wastewater treatment method, a membrane distillation module used in the wastewater treatment method, and a wastewater treatment apparatus equipped with the membrane distillation module, and particularly, oil-containing salt-containing wastewater generated during oil production from general oil fields, surreal oil and surreal gas. It is suitably used for recycling and purification treatment.
- oil field associated water When collecting oil from general oil fields, or when collecting surreal oil and surreal gas from the ground, high pressure water is injected into the formation and bedrock to make it easier to collect oil and gas. Further, when the oil component has a high viscosity, it is injected as high-temperature steam. In this way, injection of high-pressure water or steam is injected to reduce the viscosity of the oil, and the oil is recovered as a mixed fluid, and the oil is separated and acquired from the recovered mixed fluid.
- the wastewater from which the oil has been separated is called “oil field associated water” and is generated in large quantities. In particular, in old oil fields, the amount of oil mined may be several to ten times, and the treatment of this large amount of oil accompanying water is an issue.
- the oil accompanying water contains a lot of oil, salt, heavy metals, silica, bacteria, organic matter injected during mining, etc.
- oil, salt, heavy metals, silica, bacteria, organic matter injected during mining, etc. There are many cases that take up a vast area and store water in a pond. However, depending on the location, this may not be discarded. Specifically, when geological disposal is difficult, specifically when groundwater veins pass and mixing with groundwater becomes a problem.
- companion water may be used as a water source for industrial water and the like. However, in that case, it is necessary to remove many impurities such as oil and salt, which requires a lot of water treatment processes and a great investment in equipment.
- the mixed fluid with the oil recovered from the oil well is gravity-separated into oil and drainage by the three-phase segregator 100.
- the tertiary treatment by precision membrane filtration (MF filtration) or ultrafiltration membrane
- MF filtration precision membrane filtration
- RO membrane reverse osmosis desalination treatment
- oilfield-associated water is often at a high temperature when discharged.
- oil-containing wastewater having a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher is always supplied, PP and PE that have been widely used for oil-water separation treatment in the past.
- the PVDE resin filter membrane does not have sufficient heat resistance.
- Patent Document 1 PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PSF (polysulfone) and PES (polyethersulfone) having excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance.
- a separation membrane module is provided that uses a hollow fiber membrane made of a fluororesin selected from the above as a filtration membrane and membrane-filters oil-containing wastewater.
- the separation membrane module of Patent Document 1 uses a hollow fiber membrane such as a fluorine-based resin or a sulfone-based resin for membrane filtration, heat degradation can be reduced because the oil-containing wastewater has heat resistance even when the heat is high, and Since it has chemical resistance, there is an advantage that cleaning using a strong alkaline agent can be performed.
- the desalting treatment method used in the subsequent stage if the salt content is 500 mg / L or more, the ion exchange resin cannot be used, and if it is 45000 mg / L or more, the RO membrane cannot be separated efficiently. Therefore, after membrane filtration, it is necessary to further desalinate through an evaporator or the like.
- the microfiltration membrane since the drainage is passed through the pores of the filtration membrane, the pores are blocked depending on the size of the solid matter contained in the drainage and the viscosity of the oil, and clogging cannot be completely prevented. That is, the permeation flow rate decreases. Further, for example, organic substances such as naphthenic acid, which are low molecular organic substances contained in oil sand drainage, etc. cannot be removed with a filtration membrane.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a petroleum production system, after separating a mixed liquid with oil injection water collected from an oil well into oil and drainage using a separator, the multistage process is not performed. It can be purified in a simple process and has a purification performance that can simultaneously remove oil, salt, and low-molecular-weight organic substances contained in wastewater, and has durability against strong alkaline chemicals, excellent heat resistance, and long-term use. It is an issue to be able to purify performance over a long period of time.
- a purification method for wastewater containing oil, salt and organic matter generated when oil is collected from a formation or a bedrock layer The waste water separated after recovering the oil from the oil-containing mixed water collected from the oil well with a separator is made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene), and is practical.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- Patent Document 1 oil-containing wastewater is treated by membrane filtration using a fluororesin hollow fiber membrane selected from PTFE, PSF and PES, whereas in the present invention, the fluororesin is made hydrophobic.
- Waste water treatment is performed using a membrane distillation method that uses a porous membrane and does not allow water to permeate but allows only water vapor to permeate.
- fine foreign matters can be removed in the same manner as in the microfiltration, and water-soluble organic substances including salt, naphthenic acid and the like that could not be removed by the filtration membrane can be removed. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, desalting and softening treatment such as removal of hardness, which is necessary after the filtration treatment, can be eliminated.
- the drainage maintained at 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. is flowed to one side of the hydrophobic porous membrane at a pressure A by a pump, and the treated liquid held at 5 ° C. to 40 ° C. is flowed to the other side at a pressure B by a pump. It is preferable that the pressure is A ⁇ pressure B.
- membrane distillation only the water vapor generated from the drainage is permeated through the pores of the distillation membrane by using the saturated vapor pressure difference caused by the temperature difference of the fluid flowing on both sides of the distillation membrane made of a hydrophobic porous membrane as a driving source.
- Membrane distillation can be performed more efficiently as the temperature difference, that is, the saturated vapor pressure difference is larger. Therefore, membrane distillation from the waste water side to the treated liquid side can be performed more efficiently as the temperature of the waste water is higher and the temperature of the treated liquid in which water vapor is liquefied is lower.
- the wastewater is a high temperature wastewater of 60 ° C to 100 ° C, it is not necessary to heat the wastewater before the membrane distillation step, and even if it is necessary to heat below the required temperature, the amount of heating is small, and solar heat or heating Cost reduction can be achieved by using inexpensive thermal energy such as waste liquid.
- the membrane-distilled treated liquid has less than 1 mg / l each of organic matter including oil, soluble matter, and salt. Thus, since salt can be removed together with oil, it is not necessary to desalinate the membrane-distilled treated water using an evaporator or a hardness remover as described above.
- the wastewater treatment method of the present invention is particularly suitably used for wastewater treatment containing oil, salt and organic matter generated in a petroleum production process including oil produced from heavy oil, surreal oil, surreal gas and the like.
- a membrane distillation module used in the wastewater treatment method of the first invention, is provided in which an oil-repellent layer holding an oil-repellent polymer is provided on the surface of a hydrophobic porous membrane made of a fluororesin in contact with waste water.
- the fluororesin having a heat resistance exceeding 100 ° C. in practical use is suitably used.
- examples of the fluororesin include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), and PCFFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene). Melting points serving as indices of heat resistance are 327 ° C. for PTFE, 155 to 175 ° C. for PVDF, and 220 ° C. for PCTFE. Further, the contact angle with water as an index of water repellency is 114 ° for PTFE, 82 ° for PVDF, and 84 ° for PCTFE.
- PTFE is particularly desirable when the oil-containing wastewater to be treated is at a high temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the PTFE has chemical resistance, particularly alkali resistance and oxidation resistance.
- alkali resistance and oxidation resistance are important physical properties, and a PTFE membrane having these properties can sustain the treatment performance for a longer period of time.
- the expanded PTFE porous membrane is most preferably used because of its excellent heat resistance, strength, and cleaning chemical resistance.
- the shape of the expanded PTFE porous membrane is (1) a hollow fiber membrane, (2) A tube-like porous film wound around a porous sheet and sealed at the end of the roll, or (3) heat-bonded both ends of two porous films laminated on both sides of different materials such as nonwoven fabric It is preferable to use a bag-like composite film that contains a flow path material such as a net inside what is sealed with, for example.
- the average pore diameter of the expanded PTFE membrane itself in the above forms (1) to (3) is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the porosity is 40% to 90%, preferably 65% to 85%, more preferably 70 to 80%.
- the reason for setting the porosity to 40 to 90% is that the water vapor permeability is preferably higher because the higher the porosity, the lower the diffusion resistance.
- the high porosity is caused by the fact that the specific surface area is increased, the holding power is increased, and stable holding is easily realized.
- the hollow fiber membrane (1) preferably has an inner diameter of 0.5 to 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 to 1 mm.
- the tubular porous membrane (2) preferably has an inner diameter of 3 mm to 20 mm and a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the thickness of the composite film (3) is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- the (1) hollow fiber membrane, (2) the tubular porous membrane, or (3) the composite membrane made of the expanded PTFE porous material has high strength. Therefore, the tensile strength at 25 ° C. is 30 N or more, preferably 50 N or more, and the upper limit is about 150 N.
- the tensile strength conforms to JIS K 7161, and a hollow fiber membrane itself was used as a test body.
- the tensile speed during the test was 100 mm / min, and the distance between the marked lines was 50 mm.
- an oil repellent layer on at least the surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane of the present invention that is in contact with high temperature waste water.
- an oil repellent layer it is possible to repel organic components such as soluble organic substances, surfactants, solvents, oils, etc. contained in wastewater, and contamination due to adhesion to these films, which causes film wetting. And stable membrane distillation performance can be exhibited without wetting the membrane over a long period of time.
- the oil repellent function means that, for example, when a hollow fiber membrane is immersed and impregnated in 100% n-hexane, it does not enter the pores on the membrane surface, that is, does not get wet.
- Another index refers to the fact that the rate of change in the air permeability of the membrane does not change substantially.
- a polymer having a fluorinated alkyl side chain is preferably held by the hydrophobic porous body.
- a method of providing an oil repellent layer on the surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane a method in which a solution in which a fluorinated monomer or a polymerization initiator is dissolved is prepared and the porous membrane is immersed in the solution, or the module is formed with the porous membrane.
- a method in which the solution is impregnated into the porous film by a method such as press-fitting the solution into the porous film, and then the solvent is volatilized and removed can be employed.
- the monomer it is diluted with a solvent and the concentration is set appropriately, so that an appropriate amount can be maintained without blocking the porous portion.
- the polymer that has already become a polymer is dissolved in a solvent at an appropriate concentration, it is impregnated or coated on at least one surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane base membrane, and then dried or precipitated with a poor solvent. Let This may be carried out after forming a membrane module.
- the distillation membrane used in the present invention is provided with an oil repellent layer on the surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane, so that a large amount of oil contained in the high temperature waste water separated from the warm bitumen mixed fluid is distilled membrane. Can be reduced or prevented from adhering to the surface. As a result, it is possible to prevent problems such as performance degradation and leakage due to wetting due to membrane dirt, which is a drawback of membrane distillation, and also reduce maintenance frequency, reduce running costs, and increase productivity.
- the hydrophobic porous membrane used for the membrane distillation is provided with (1) a hollow fiber membrane, (2) the tubular porous membrane, or (3) a high-temperature drain circuit on the outer surface of the composite membrane. On the other hand, the inner surface side isolated by the membrane is preferably used as a cooling water circulation path.
- hollow fiber membrane (1) and the tubular porous membrane (2) may be reversed.
- the hollow fiber membrane or the tubular porous membrane has the oil repellent layer as an outer surface through which heated wastewater containing oil, salt and organic matter flows, and the hollow portion is made of water vapor.
- the permeate side it is a passage for cooling water in which water vapor is liquefied.
- the present invention includes the membrane distillation module of the second invention as the third invention,
- a drainage storage tank, a pump and a heater are interposed in the drainage circulation path, and the drainage storage tank is opened to the atmosphere.
- a heat exchanger, a treated liquid tank, and a pump are installed in the circulation path of the treated liquid, and the temperature of the treated liquid generated from the water vapor that has permeated the hydrophobic porous membrane is adjusted by the heat exchanger.
- the wastewater generated in the oil production process for generating oil from the general oil field, surreal oil, surreal gas is purified and the membrane distillation method is used, the oil can be removed and the salt and organic matter can be removed. Can be removed at the same time. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the desalting and softening steps using a hardness removing device and an evaporator that are necessary for membrane filtration.
- the pores of the hydrophobic porous membrane used in membrane distillation are fine pores that do not transmit water but only water vapor, they can prevent clogging due to foreign matter generated in the filtration membrane, and can be hydrophobic in contact with drainage. Since it is only necessary to clean the surface of the porous porous membrane, the maintenance frequency can be greatly reduced, the continuous operation time can be extended, and the productivity can be increased.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a membrane distillation module of the present invention, wherein (A) is a vertical sectional view, (B) is an enlarged perspective view of a hollow fiber membrane, and (C) is a drawing showing the membrane distillation action of the hollow fiber membrane. It is a general view of the waste water treatment equipment provided with the membrane distillation module. It is a partial perspective view of the tubular porous membrane used for membrane distillation.
- (A) is a flowchart which shows the process of a prior art example
- (B) is a flowchart which shows the process of this invention in contrast with the process of the said prior art example.
- the wastewater treatment apparatus of this embodiment uses wastewater treatment apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 2 equipped with membrane distillation module 1 shown in FIG. 1 for wastewater generated in an oil production system that collects oil by injecting water into an oil field. Purification process.
- the oil, salt and soluble organic matter are purified to less than 1 mg / l each by membrane distillation.
- the membrane distillation module 1 comprises a hollow fiber membrane 2 made of expanded PTFE as a base membrane 3 as a hydrophobic porous membrane, and an oil repellent layer 4 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base membrane 3. Used as a distillation membrane.
- the oil-repellent layer 4 has a fluorinated alkyl side chain having an oil-repellent function in such a manner that the pores 3a (shown in FIG. 2) of the base film 3 are not closed on the outer peripheral surface of the base film 3 made of the expanded PTFE porous film.
- a coating liquid made of a polymer is applied and provided.
- the hollow fiber membrane 2 for membrane distillation has an average pore size in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m in order not to allow water to permeate but only water vapor.
- the hollow fiber membrane 2 has an outer peripheral surface provided with the oil repellent layer 4 as a surface in contact with the high-temperature oil-containing drainage HW containing oil, and passes through the hollow portion 5 of the hollow fiber membrane 2. It is assumed that only the water vapor S flows in and water does not flow in.
- the hollow portion 5 has an inner diameter of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, an outer diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm, a thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 2 including the oil repellent layer 4 of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, a total length of 1000 mm to 2500 mm, a porosity of 40 to 90%, and a tensile strength of 30-150N.
- the membrane distillation module 1 has a converging body 6 in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 2 are arranged with a required interval of 0.5 mm to 20 mm). Both ends are fixed by upper and lower fixing plates 7 and 8 with the upper and lower openings 2a and 2b of each hollow fiber membrane 2 being opened. Caps 9 and 10 are fitted on the upper and lower fixing plates 7 and 8, respectively, and both ends of the circulating cooling pipe 11 are connected to the caps 9 and 10.
- the hollow portion 5 of each hollow fiber membrane 2 becomes a treated liquid passage in which the permeated water vapor S is liquefied, its upper and lower openings communicate with the circulating cooling pipe 11, and the hollow portion 5 is part of the circulating cooling water passage. .
- an outer cylinder 15 that connects the upper and lower fixing plates 7 and 8 is attached, and the converging body 6 is surrounded by a space serving as a drainage flow passage 18.
- the openings provided on the upper and lower sides of the outer cylinder 15 are an intake port 15 a and a discharge port 15 b that communicate with the drain circulation pipe 21.
- the wastewater treatment apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 2 provided with the membrane distillation module 1 is provided with a heat exchanger 12, a treated liquid tank 13, and a circulation pump 14 in the circulation cooling pipe 11 of the membrane distillation module 1.
- the circulating cooling pipe 11 is disposed in the atmosphere to cool the water vapor that permeates the hollow part 5 by membrane distillation.
- the heat exchanger 12 cools and adjusts the temperature to the required temperature if the fluid in the circulating cooling pipe 11 is above the required temperature.
- the treated liquid tank 13 is connected to a supply pipe 16 for re-injection and other various reuses. A part of the treated liquid in the treated liquid tank 13 is circulated in the hollow part 5 of the hollow fiber membrane 2 of the membrane distillation module 1, and the remaining part is sent to the supply pipe for reuse.
- a drainage storage tank 20, a circulation pump 23, and a heater 22 are interposed in a drainage circulation pipe 21 that circulates the high-temperature oil-containing drainage HW (hereinafter abbreviated as drainage HW).
- the drainage storage tank 20 is an atmospheric release tank and releases the pressure of the stored drainage HW.
- the heater 22 is heated so that the temperature is within the set range.
- the waste water HW supplied to the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber membrane 2 of the membrane distillation module 1 is set to be supplied at a pressure A (20 to 300 KPa) by the circulation pump 23 while maintaining a temperature range of 60 ° C. to less than 100 ° C. .
- the treated liquid CW supplied to the hollow portion 5 of the hollow fiber membrane 2 of the membrane distillation module 1 is set to be supplied at a pressure B (30 to 400 KPa) with the circulation pump 14 while being maintained at 5 ° C. to 40 ° C. . That is, the temperature difference between the heated waste water HW on the outer peripheral side of the hollow fiber membrane for membrane distillation and the treated liquid CW on the inner peripheral hollow portion side is 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., pressure A ⁇ pressure B, and the pressure difference Is set to 10 to 100 KPa.
- action of the waste water treatment apparatus 50 provided with the membrane distillation module 1 is demonstrated.
- the membrane distillation module 1 only the water vapor S generated from the drainage HW continuously supplied into the outer cylinder 15 at a required pressure passes through the hollow fiber membrane 2 and flows into the hollow portion 5, and water does not pass through the hollow portion. No water flows into 5. Since the hollow portion 5 communicates with the circulation cooling pipe 11 and the processed liquid CW flows through the pump 14, the permeated water vapor S comes into contact with the processed liquid CW having a low temperature and is liquefied.
- the treated liquid CW is stored in the treated liquid tank 13, and the treated liquid CW in the tongue 13 is passed through the pipe 16 and supplied to the recycling process. A part of the treated liquid CW in the treated liquid tongue 13 is circulated through the circulation cooling pipe 11 to the hollow portion 5 of the hollow fiber membrane 2.
- the hollow fiber membrane 2 of the membrane distillation module 1 has the oil repellent layer 4 disposed on the outer peripheral surface in contact with the drainage HW, the oil component is difficult to adhere, and the pores of the hollow fiber membrane 2 are blocked with the attached oil. Can be reduced, and the reduction in membrane distillation ability can be suppressed and prevented.
- the treated liquid CW purified by the membrane distillation module 1 is purified to such an extent that oil, salt and soluble organic matter are each contained in less than 1 mg / liter.
- the oil repellent layer 4 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber membrane 2 in contact with the waste water HW to prevent the oil from adhering, but the water vapor permeation flow rate is stably maintained over a long period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to perform regular cleaning.
- the hollow fiber membrane 2 made of PTFE used in the present invention is excellent in chemical resistance and is chemically washed to remove the adhered oil.
- As the cleaning agent 1 to 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide water and the like are preferably used.
- the waste water HW and the treated liquid CW are discharged from the membrane distillation module 1, and then the dry air is ventilated so that the temperature in the membrane distillation module 1 is not frozen. To maintain.
- the wastewater treatment device 50 provided with the membrane distillation module 1 is used, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), in the oil production process, the liquid mixture collected from the oil well is separated into oil and wastewater by the separator 100,
- the waste water can be purified by a waste water treatment apparatus equipped with a membrane distillation module by omitting the multi-stage pre-process shown in FIG.
- a desalting step using an ion exchange resin, an evaporator, or an RO membrane is unnecessary and can be reused, so that the wastewater purification treatment step can be greatly reduced. Specifically, it has the specific effects described in the following (1) to (4).
- the organic matter including oil, salt and soluble organic matter can be removed, and the oil, salt and organic matter can each be dropped to less than 1 mg / liter.
- PTFE membrane When PTFE membrane is used for membrane distillation, it has heat resistance that is possible even when the temperature of the high-temperature wastewater HW is 200 ° C, and it can be supplied to the membrane distillation module without cooling, greatly reducing heat loss. it can.
- ceramic membranes when ceramic membranes are used, there are problems such as crack resistance due to rapid temperature rise and fall, alkali resistance related to chemical cleaning, weight, size, lack of flexibility, handling properties from freezing repellent, and economic efficiency.
- the above problem can be overcome by using a PTFE membrane.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a modification of the hydrophobic porous membrane used in the membrane distillation module.
- a stretched PTFE sheet is wound, and the winding end is sealed and fixed, and the tubular porous membrane is used as the base membrane 30.
- An oil repellent layer 4 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base film 30 and a support layer 31 made of a nonwoven fabric is provided on the inner peripheral surface.
- the hollow portion 5 of the tubular porous membrane can have a larger inner diameter than the hollow portion 5 of the hollow fiber membrane 2 of the first embodiment.
- 1 membrane distillation module 1 hollow fiber membrane, 3 base membrane, 4 oil repellent layer, 5 hollow part, 6 converging body, 11 circulation cooling pipe, 21 circulation drain pipe, 50 wastewater treatment equipment, HW drainage, CW treated liquid, S water vapor.
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Abstract
Description
油井から採取する含油混合水からセパレータで油を回収した後に分離された排水を、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)、PVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)あるいはPCTFE(ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン)からなり、実用上の最高使用温度が100℃を超えるフッ素系樹脂製の疎水性多孔質膜を用いて膜蒸留し、
前記排水に含有されている油分、塩分および有機物を同時に除去することを特徴とする排水処理方法を提供している。
フッ素系樹脂製の疎水性多孔質膜の排水と接する表面に撥油性ポリマーを保持した撥油層を設けている膜蒸留モジュールを提供している。
前記膜蒸留に用いる前記疎水性多孔質膜は、(1)中空糸膜、(2)前記チューブ状多孔質膜、あるいは(3)前記複合膜の外面に、高温排水の循環路を設ける一方、膜に隔離された内面側を冷却水の循環路とすることが好ましい。
前記排水の循環路に排水貯溜槽、ポンプおよび加熱器を介設し、前記排水貯溜槽を大気開放とし、
前記処理済み液の循環路に熱交換器、処理済み液槽およびポンプを介設し、前記疎水性多孔質膜を透過した水蒸気から生成される処理済み液の温度を前記熱交換器で調整して前記処理済み液槽に取り込み、該処理済み液槽に貯溜した処理済み液の一部を前記ポンプで前記循環路に供給して前記疎水性多孔質膜を透過した水蒸気の液化用に用いている排水処理装置を提供している。
本実施形態の排水処理装置は、油田に水を注入して油を回収する油生産システムにおいて発生する排水を、図1に示す膜蒸留モジュール1を備えた図2に示す排水処理装置50を用いて浄化処理している。
膜蒸留モジュール1は外筒15内に所要圧力で連続的に供給される排水HWから発生する水蒸気Sのみ、中空糸膜2を透過して中空部5に流入し、水は透過せず中空部5に水は流入しない。中空部5は循環冷却管11と連通し、ポンプ14で処理済み液CWが流れ込んでいるため、透過してきた水蒸気Sは温度が低い処理済み液CWと接触して液化する。この処理済み液CWを処理済み液タンク13に貯溜し、該タンング13内の処理済み液CWをパイプ16へ通してリサイクル工程へ供給している。また、処理済み液タング13内の処理済み液CWの一部を循環冷却管11を通して中空糸膜2の中空部5に循環している。
該疎水性多孔膜は、中空糸膜を用いる代わりに、延伸PTFEシートを巻回し、巻端をシール固着してチューブ状多孔質膜を基膜30としている。この基膜30の外周面に撥油層4を設けると共に内周面に不織布からなる支持層31を設けている。該チューブ状多孔質膜の中空部5は、第1実施形態の中空糸膜2の中空部5より内径を大きくできる。
Claims (8)
- 地層または岩盤層から石油を採取する際に発生する油分、塩分および有機物を含む排水の浄化処理方法であって、
油井から採取する含油混合水からセパレータで油を回収した後に分離された排水を、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)、PVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)あるいはPCTFE(ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン)からなり、実用上の最高使用温度が100℃を超えるフッ素系樹脂製の疎水性多孔質膜を用いて膜蒸留し、
前記排水に含有されている油分、塩分および有機物を同時に除去することを特徴とする、排水処理方法。 - 前記疎水性多孔質膜の一面側に60℃~100℃に保持した前記排水をポンプにより圧力Aで流すと共に、他面側に5℃~40℃に保持した処理済み液をポンプにより圧力Bで流し、圧力A<圧力Bとしている、請求項1に記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記膜蒸留された処理済み液に含まれる油分、有機物、および塩分がそれぞれ1mg/l未満に低減する、請求項1または請求項2に記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記排水および処理済み液の循環停止時に、前記膜蒸留モジュールから排水および処理済み液を排出し、その後、乾燥空気を通気している、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の排水処理方法。
- 重質油、シュールオイル、シュールガスから生成するオイルを含む石油生産工程において発生する油分、塩分および有機物を含有する排水を膜蒸留する、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の排水処理方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の排水処理方法に用いる膜蒸留モジュールであって、
前記フッ素系樹脂製の疎水性多孔質膜の前記排水と接する表面に撥油性ポリマーを保持した撥油層を設けている膜蒸留モジュール。 - 前記疎水性多孔質膜は、(1)中空糸膜、(2)多孔質シートを巻回して巻端をシール固着して筒状としたチューブ状多孔質膜、または(3)多孔質シート単体あるいは不織布等の異種材料の両面にラミネートされ、所定幅にスリットされた2枚の多孔質膜の両端を熱融着等でシールしたものの内部にネット等の流路材を含む袋状の複合膜からなり、
前記疎水性多孔質膜の前記撥油層を設けた外周面に前記高温排水の循環路を設ける一方、内周面に囲まれた中空部を冷却水の循環路としている、請求項6に記載の膜蒸留モジュール。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載の膜蒸留モジュールを備え、前記排水の循環路に排水貯溜槽、ポンプおよび加熱器を介設し、前記排水貯溜槽を大気解放とし、
前記処理済み液の循環路に熱交換器、処理済み液槽およびポンプを介設し、前記疎水性多孔質膜を透過した水蒸気から生成される処理済み液の温度を前記熱交換器で調整して前記処理済み液槽に取り込み、該処理済み液槽に貯溜した処理済み液の一部を前記ポンプで前記循環路に供給して前記疎水性多孔質膜を透過した水蒸気の液化用に用いている、排水処理装置。
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