WO2015075758A1 - 周波数制御方法、周波数制御装置、及び、蓄電池システム - Google Patents
周波数制御方法、周波数制御装置、及び、蓄電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015075758A1 WO2015075758A1 PCT/JP2013/006783 JP2013006783W WO2015075758A1 WO 2015075758 A1 WO2015075758 A1 WO 2015075758A1 JP 2013006783 W JP2013006783 W JP 2013006783W WO 2015075758 A1 WO2015075758 A1 WO 2015075758A1
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- frequency
- base point
- charge
- remaining capacity
- storage battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frequency control method, a frequency control device, and a storage battery system that perform control for bringing the frequency of a power system close to a reference frequency.
- Patent Literature a technique has been disclosed in which charge / discharge control for charging power to a storage battery connected to the power system or discharging power from the storage battery is performed so that the frequency of the power system maintains a reference frequency (Patent Literature). 1). According to the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, charge / discharge control of a storage battery is performed so that the frequency of the power system is maintained within a predetermined range and the remaining capacity of the storage battery is within a predetermined range.
- the present invention provides a frequency control method that enables frequency control of a power system over a longer time.
- a frequency control method is a frequency control method for performing control to bring the frequency of an electric power system closer to a reference frequency, and acquires a frequency detection step of detecting the frequency and a remaining capacity of the storage battery. An amount corresponding to a frequency deviation that is a difference between the capacity acquisition step, a base point determination step for determining a base point indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery, and the detected frequency.
- a command value determining step for determining a charge / discharge command value that is a value changed from the base point, and a charge / discharge control step for charging or discharging the storage battery based on the charge / discharge command value
- the point determination step the larger the acquired remaining capacity is, the more the storage battery is discharged or The base point is determined so that the storage battery is charged to a minimum, and the average change rate of the base point with respect to the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a first range that is a range smaller than a first threshold value Is the first rate of change, and an average rate of change of the base point with respect to the remaining capacity is obtained when the acquired remaining capacity is within a second range that is greater than the second threshold and greater than the second threshold.
- the rate of change is a second rate of change
- an average rate of change of the base point with respect to the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a third range that is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold.
- the three change rates are smaller than both the first change rate and the second change rate.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power network including a frequency control device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the remaining capacity of the storage battery in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram of control of the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery using the base point in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a base point determination method in the related art.
- FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram of a first base point determination method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram of a second base point determination method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram of a first base point determination method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5C is an explanatory diagram of a third base point determination method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method for determining a charge / discharge command value in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the frequency control method in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a first example of the frequency and the charge / discharge amount according to the frequency control method in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a second example of the frequency and the charge / discharge amount controlled by the frequency control method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a power network including the frequency control device according to the second embodiment.
- FR Frequency Adjust
- a technique for performing charge / discharge control in which a frequency control device charges a storage battery with power or discharges power from the storage battery so that the frequency of the power system maintains a reference frequency.
- the charge / discharge control is appropriately performed by a power company operating the power system monitoring the frequency of the power system and the remaining capacity of the storage battery and charging / discharging the storage battery. Further, when the charge / discharge amount is averaged over a relatively long time (for example, several hours), the charge amount and the discharge amount are controlled to be balanced. If the control is performed as described above, it can be considered that, in principle, it is possible to continuously perform the frequency control without time limitation.
- the present invention provides a frequency control method that enables frequency control of a power system over a longer time.
- a frequency control method is a frequency control method that performs control for bringing the frequency of an electric power system closer to a reference frequency, and the frequency detection method detects the frequency.
- a capacity acquisition step for acquiring a remaining capacity of the storage battery, a base point determination step for determining a base point indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery, the reference frequency, and the detected frequency
- a command value determining step for determining a charge / discharge command value that is a value changed from the base point by an amount corresponding to a frequency deviation that is a difference between the charge and discharge, and charging or discharging the storage battery based on the charge / discharge command value
- Charge / discharge control step and in the base point determination step, the larger the acquired remaining capacity, the more The base point is determined so that the storage battery is discharged or less charged, and the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a first range that is less than a first threshold
- the acquired remaining capacity is in the third range that is not less than the first threshold and not more than the second threshold.
- a third change rate which is an average change rate of the base points, is smaller than both the first change rate and the second change rate.
- the frequency control apparatus can perform frequency control of the power system over a long time.
- the base point change width with respect to the change in the remaining capacity is the same in the first range, the second range, and the third range. In that case, even if the remaining capacity is in the vicinity of the predetermined value (third range), the base point changes as the remaining capacity changes.
- a correction is made to appropriately maintain the remaining capacity of the storage battery with respect to the charge / discharge amount to be charged / discharged to the power system for frequency control, but the charge or discharge to the power system is reversed by the correction.
- the frequency control is not properly performed.
- the change width when the remaining capacity is in the third range is reduced, and the inversion of the charge or discharge is suppressed.
- the frequency control device can control the frequency of the power system by the storage battery while appropriately maintaining the remaining capacity of the storage battery.
- the base point may be a value indicating the power to charge or discharge the storage battery when the acquired frequency matches the reference frequency.
- the frequency control device is based on a value indicating power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery when the frequency of the power system matches the reference frequency, and is a value changed from the reference by an amount corresponding to the frequency deviation. Can be determined as the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery.
- the base point may be determined to be zero when the acquired remaining capacity is within the third range.
- the first threshold value may be greater than zero percent and less than 50% of the total capacity of the storage battery
- the second threshold value may be greater than 50% and less than 100% of the total capacity of the storage battery
- frequency control can be performed so that the remaining capacity of the storage battery is maintained within the third range by setting the remaining capacity range including 50% to the third range.
- the reference frequency may be a moving average value of a plurality of frequencies detected within a predetermined period in the past.
- the frequency control device can suppress fluctuations in the frequency of a relatively short period.
- the reference frequency may be a standard frequency of the power system.
- the frequency control device can suppress the deviation of the frequency of the power system from the standard frequency.
- the frequency control method further includes a charge / discharge variable width determination step for determining a charge / discharge variable width indicating a maximum width for increasing the charge amount or increasing the discharge amount with reference to the base point,
- a value obtained by adding the charge / discharge variable width to the base point is set as a discharge maximum value
- a value obtained by subtracting the charge / discharge variable width from the base point is set as a charge maximum value.
- the charge / discharge command value is determined to be closer to the maximum charge value as the absolute value of the frequency deviation is larger, and when the frequency deviation is smaller than zero.
- the charge / discharge command value may be determined to a value closer to the maximum discharge value as the absolute value of the frequency deviation increases.
- the frequency control device can determine the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery according to the frequency deviation within the charge / discharge variable width.
- the base point may be updated by determining a new base point each time the charge / discharge command value is generated.
- the frequency control device can determine the base point and the charge / discharge command value every time the frequency of the power system is acquired, and can perform the frequency control continuously.
- the remaining capacity is acquired a plurality of times at a predetermined timing
- the remaining capacity acquired in the capacity acquisition step is the remaining acquired last time in the capacity acquisition step.
- the base point may be updated by newly determining the base point.
- the frequency control device can newly determine the base point only when the remaining capacity of the storage battery changes relatively large. Since the frequency control device does not update the base point when the change in the remaining capacity of the battery is small, the processing load on the frequency control device is reduced.
- a ratio of the remaining capacity occupying a part of the total capacity of the storage battery may be detected as the remaining capacity.
- the frequency control device can charge / discharge the storage battery while avoiding the range of the remaining capacity where the deterioration of the storage battery is accelerated. Therefore, deterioration of the storage battery can be suppressed.
- the frequency control device is a frequency control device that performs control for bringing the frequency of the power system closer to the reference frequency, and includes a frequency detection unit that detects the frequency and a remaining capacity of the storage battery. Corresponds to a frequency deviation that is a difference between the detected frequency and a capacity acquisition unit to be acquired, a base point determination unit that determines a base point indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery, and the reference frequency
- a command value determining unit that determines a charge / discharge command value that is a value changed from the base point, and a charge / discharge control unit that charges or discharges the storage battery based on the charge / discharge command value, In the base point determination unit, the larger the acquired remaining capacity is, the more the storage battery is discharged, or the less the storage battery is charged.
- the base point is determined, and an average rate of change of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point when the acquired remaining capacity is within a first range that is a range smaller than a first threshold is defined as a first rate of change.
- the average rate of change of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point is defined as a second rate of change.
- a third rate of change which is an average rate of change of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point when the acquired remaining capacity is in a third range that is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, It is smaller than both the first change rate and the second change rate.
- a storage battery system includes the frequency control device described above and the storage battery.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power network including a frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- the power network includes a distribution transformer 11, a distribution line 12, a load 13, and a storage battery system 14.
- the distribution transformer 11 is a transformer that is connected to an electric power system provided by an electric power system operator and converts electric power supplied from the electric power system into a voltage suitable for supplying to the load 13.
- the distribution line 12 is a power line for electrically connecting the distribution transformer 11 and the load 13 and supplying the load 13 with the power supplied by the distribution transformer 11.
- the load 13 is a load that consumes power supplied from the power system.
- the load 13 is, for example, a household electric device.
- the storage battery system 14 charges power supplied from the power system, or discharges and supplies power to the power system.
- the storage battery system 14 performs charging or discharging as described above to control the frequency of power supplied from the power system so as to approach the reference frequency.
- the storage battery system 14 includes a storage battery 141 and a frequency control device 142.
- the storage battery 141 charges or discharges power according to control by the frequency control device 142.
- the storage battery 141 includes an inverter that performs AC / DC conversion when charging the storage battery or performs DC / AC conversion when discharging from the storage battery.
- the frequency control device 142 detects the frequency of the power supplied from the power system, and controls to charge or discharge the storage battery 141 based on the detected frequency so that the power frequency of the power system approaches the reference frequency. To do.
- distribution transformer 11 and the distribution line 12 may be included in the power system.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- the frequency control device 142 includes a remaining capacity acquisition unit 201, a frequency detection unit 202, a base point determination unit 203, a charge / discharge variable width determination unit 204, and a charge / discharge command value determination unit 205. And a charge / discharge control unit 206.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 acquires the remaining capacity (SOC (State of Charge)) of the storage battery 141.
- the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 is the remaining capacity of electric power in the storage battery 141, and can be said to be the remaining capacity of electric power stored in the storage battery 141.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 uses, as an example, the amount of charge with respect to the total capacity of the storage battery 141 as the remaining capacity.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 corresponds to a capacity acquisition unit. The remaining capacity will be described in detail later.
- the frequency detection unit 202 detects the frequency of the power system.
- the power system supplies alternating-current power having a frequency close to a standard frequency (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Hereinafter, the case of 50 Hz will be described), and the supplied frequency varies depending on the power supply-demand balance. Specifically, when the demand for electric power is greater than the supply, the frequency of the electric power system decreases, for example, 49.9 Hz or 49.8 Hz. On the other hand, when the power supply is greater than the demand, the frequency of the power system increases, for example, 50.1 Hz or 50.2 Hz.
- the frequency of the power system is constantly changing as described above, and the frequency detecting unit 202 detects the frequency changing in this way.
- the frequency detection unit 202 detects a frequency periodically (for example, every 1 second or every 4 seconds).
- the frequency detection unit 202 calculates a frequency deviation that is a difference between the reference frequency and the detected frequency of the power system.
- the reference frequency includes (1) a method of setting a moving average value of frequencies measured in the past and (2) a method of setting a standard frequency of the power system.
- the method (1) it is possible to obtain a relatively short period fluctuation (short period component) of the frequency of the power system. If frequency control in this Embodiment is performed using this, the fluctuation
- the base point determination unit 203 determines a base point that is a value indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery 141. Specifically, the base point determination unit 203 determines the base point such that the larger the remaining capacity acquired by the remaining capacity acquisition unit, the more the storage battery 141 is discharged or the less the storage battery 141 is charged.
- the average change rate of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point is defined as the first change rate
- the acquired remaining capacity is When the average rate of change of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point in the second range that is greater than the second threshold and greater than the second threshold is the second rate of change, the acquired remaining capacity is equal to or greater than the first threshold and
- the third rate of change which is the average rate of change of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point when it is within the third range that is less than or equal to the second threshold, is made smaller than both the first rate of change and the second rate of change.
- the charge / discharge variable width determination unit 204 determines the charge / discharge variable width that is the maximum change width of the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 141.
- the determined charge / discharge variable width is used later when determining the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 141.
- A can take an arbitrary constant.
- the inverter capacity of the storage battery 141 can be taken.
- the inverter capacity is the capacity of an inverter that converts DC power output from the storage battery into AC power. That is, if the storage battery and the inverter are considered as an integral unit, the inverter capacity can be said to be the maximum value of AC power that can be discharged by the storage battery.
- the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines a charge / discharge command value indicating the power to charge or discharge the storage battery 141, which is a charge / discharge command value that is changed from the base point by an amount corresponding to the frequency deviation. To do. Further, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 sets the value obtained by adding the charge / discharge variable width to the base point as the maximum discharge value, and subtracts the charge / discharge variable width from the base point as the maximum charge value. If the frequency deviation is greater than zero, the charge / discharge command value is determined to be closer to the maximum charge value as the absolute value of the frequency deviation is larger. The charge / discharge command value may be determined to a value closer to the maximum discharge value as the absolute value of is larger. The charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 corresponds to a command value determination unit. The method for determining the charge / discharge command value will be described in detail later.
- the charge / discharge control unit 206 charges or discharges the storage battery 141 according to the charge / discharge command value determined by the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205.
- FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the remaining capacity of the storage battery in the present embodiment.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 calculates the ratio of the remaining capacity in a partial range (for example, a range from 20% to 80%) of the total capacity of the storage battery 141.
- the remaining capacity used for frequency control also referred to as a residual capacity for frequency control
- FIG. 3A (b) the remaining capacity used for frequency control is 0% when the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 is 20%
- the remaining capacity for frequency control is 100% when the remaining capacity is 80%.
- a linear relationship with the remaining frequency control capacity may be provided.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 may obtain the remaining capacity for frequency control by (Equation 2).
- the backup capacity is the lower limit capacity of the range used for frequency control among the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141.
- the frequency control capacity indicates a range used for frequency control in the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141.
- the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 As described above, by using a part of the range of the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 as the remaining capacity for frequency control, there is an advantage that it is possible to avoid using all of the power charged in the storage battery 141 for frequency control. is there. This is because the power charged in the storage battery 141 is also used to operate the load 13, and therefore it is not desirable to use up all of the power for frequency control. In addition, when operating the load 13 using the electric power charged in the storage battery 141, the storage battery 141 and the load 13 may be disconnected from the power system by a switch or the like (not shown). Note that the remaining capacity when the storage battery 141 uses up all of the charge amount for frequency control is also referred to as backup capacity.
- the storage battery 141 has a remaining capacity in a range close to 100% (for example, 80% to 100%, or 90% to 100%), or a remaining capacity in a range close to 0% (for example, 0% to 20%, or , 0% to 10%), it is known that the deterioration is accelerated. Therefore, the deterioration of the storage battery 141 can be suppressed by using it while avoiding the remaining capacity range in which the deterioration of the storage battery 141 is accelerated.
- the center of the range of the remaining capacity for frequency control is matched with the center of the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141, the use in the range where the remaining capacity is close to 100% and the range where the remaining capacity is close to 0% While avoiding, it is desirable that the range of the remaining capacity as much as possible can be used as the remaining capacity for frequency control.
- FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram for controlling the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery using the base point in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3B shows that the storage battery 141 is charged according to the frequency of the power system detected by the frequency detection unit 202 when the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 is relatively low, 50%, and relatively high. Or the electric energy which discharges is shown.
- the positive side of the vertical axis of the graph indicates the discharge amount of the storage battery 141, and the negative side indicates the charge amount of the storage battery 141.
- a discharge amount smaller than 0 means a charge amount obtained by reversing the sign of the discharge amount, and a charge amount smaller than 0 means a discharge amount obtained by reversing the sign of the charge amount.
- the base point is also referred to as “BP”.
- the base point determination unit 203 determines the base point to be 0 kW. In this case, if the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 50 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge command value as 0 kW. If the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 49.8 Hz or 50.2 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge command value as discharge 15 kW and charge 15 kW, respectively.
- the base point determination unit 203 determines the base point to a value smaller than 0 kW (for example, ⁇ 5 kW). In this case, if the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 50 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge amount as 5 W charge. If the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 49.8 Hz or 50.2 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 sets the charge / discharge command value to discharge 10 kW and charge 20 kW, respectively.
- the base point determination unit 203 determines the base point to a value larger than 0 kW (for example, 5 kW). In this case, if the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 50 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge amount as discharge 5 kW. If the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 49.8 Hz or 50.2 Hz, the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 sets the charge / discharge command value to discharge 20 kW and charge 10 kW, respectively.
- the base point determination unit 203 determines the amount of charge or discharge by the storage battery 141 while avoiding the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 becoming zero according to the remaining capacity and the frequency of the power system. Can do.
- the base point determination unit 203 can also determine a base point according to the remaining capacity. Problems in the base point determination method and the charge / discharge amount control method using the base point will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a base point determination method in the related technology related to the present embodiment.
- the remaining capacity is shown on the horizontal axis
- the base point for each value of the remaining capacity is shown on the vertical axis. It is shown that the base point changes linearly with respect to the remaining capacity.
- the storage battery may charge and discharge against the frequency control of the power system. Specifically, consider a case where the remaining capacity is 30% and the frequency of the power system is 49.95 Hz. In this case, if there is no control by the base point, the charge / discharge command value for frequency control of the power system is 3 kW of discharge (the left diagram of FIG. 4B). However, when control is performed using the base point, the charge / discharge command value is 2 kW for charging (the right diagram in FIG. 4B). That is, the storage battery 141 performs charge and discharge opposite to frequency control. In this case, it cannot be said that the frequency of the power system is controlled so as to approach the reference frequency.
- charging / discharging by the storage battery 141 which is opposite to the frequency control as described above, can be suppressed.
- charging / discharging by the storage battery 141, which is opposite to the frequency control may be referred to as “reverse operation”.
- 5A to 5C are explanatory diagrams of a base point determination method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram of a first base point determination method in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 on the horizontal axis and the base point for each value of the remaining capacity on the vertical axis.
- the remaining capacity is a first range that is a range that is smaller than the first threshold, a second range that is larger than the first threshold, a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold, a first threshold value and a second threshold value. Divided into a third range.
- the change rates of the remaining capacity with respect to the base point (slopes in the graph) in the first, second, and third ranges correspond to the first, second, and third change rates, respectively.
- the third change rate is smaller than either the first change rate or the second change rate.
- FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram of the second base point determination method in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5B shows the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 on the horizontal axis and the base point for each value of the remaining capacity on the vertical axis.
- the base point in the third range is zero.
- the change amount of the base point with respect to the change amount of the remaining capacity when the remaining capacity is relatively close to 50% can be made zero. Further, it is possible to prevent the reverse operation from occurring at all by appropriately setting the first threshold value and the second threshold value.
- A can take an arbitrary constant. Further, as A, the inverter capacity of the storage battery 141 can be taken.
- FIG. 5C is an explanatory diagram of a third base point determination method in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5C shows the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 on the horizontal axis and the base point for each value of the remaining capacity on the vertical axis.
- the base point in the third range is characterized by being zero as in the case of FIG. 5B. Further, in each of the first range and the second range, the base point changes stepwise with respect to the change in the remaining capacity. Even if it does in this way, there exists an effect similar to FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method for determining a charge / discharge command value in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 on the horizontal axis and the maximum discharge value and the maximum charge value for each value of the remaining capacity on the vertical axis.
- the maximum discharge value is the maximum power that the storage battery 141 discharges for frequency control, and is obtained as a value that is larger than the base point by the charge / discharge variable width.
- the maximum charging value is the maximum power that the storage battery 141 is charged for frequency control, and is obtained as a value smaller than the base point by the charge / discharge variable width.
- the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the amount of power to be charged / discharged from the storage battery 141 as the charge / discharge amount command value.
- the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge command value according to the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 and the frequency of the power system detected by the frequency detection unit 202. Specifically, the charging maximum value and the discharging maximum value corresponding to the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141 are acquired from FIG. 6 and determined based on the frequency of the power system between the acquired charging maximum value and discharging maximum value. The determined value is determined as the charge / discharge command value.
- the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the charge / discharge command value according to (Equation 6).
- the frequency deviation is a difference between the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 and the reference frequency.
- the frequency detected by the frequency detection unit 202 is 50.2 Hz and the reference frequency is 50 Hz
- the frequency deviation is 0.2 Hz.
- the frequency appropriate width indicates a range in which the frequency of the power system is determined to be appropriate even if the frequency is increased or decreased from the reference frequency. For example, when the reference frequency is 50 Hz and the frequency between 49.8 Hz and 50.2 Hz is determined to be appropriate, the frequency appropriate width is 0.2.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the frequency control method in the present embodiment.
- step S301 the frequency detection unit 202 detects the frequency of the power system.
- step S302 the frequency detection unit 202 calculates a frequency deviation from the frequency of the power system acquired in step S301.
- frequency deviation calculation methods There are two types of frequency deviation calculation methods as described in (1) and (2) above.
- step S311 the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 detects the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141.
- step S312 the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 calculates a remaining capacity (frequency control remaining capacity) to be used for frequency control based on the remaining capacity acquired in step S311.
- the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 may use the remaining capacity acquired in step S311 as it is for frequency control. In such a case, it is the same even if step S312 is not performed. That is, step S312 is not essential.
- step S313 the base point determination unit 203 determines a base point that is a value indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery 141.
- step S314 the charge / discharge variable width determination unit 204 determines the charge / discharge variable width that is the maximum change width of the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 141.
- step S321 the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205 determines the amount of power to be charged / discharged from the storage battery 141 as the charge / discharge amount command value.
- step S322 the charge / discharge control unit 206 charges or discharges the storage battery 141 according to the charge / discharge command value determined by the charge / discharge command value determination unit 205.
- the processing in steps S307 to S308 may be performed after both the processing in steps S301 to S302 and the processing in steps S303 to S306 are completed (as described in FIG. 7).
- the processing of steps S307 to S308 may be performed when one of the processing of S301 to S302 and the processing of steps S303 to S306 is completed.
- the latest value at the time of processing among the previously calculated values (that is, the value determined in the previous step) may be used.
- steps S301 to S302 are performed each time the frequency detection unit 202 detects the frequency of the power system.
- the period is, for example, 1 second.
- steps S303 to S306 are performed every time the remaining capacity acquisition unit 201 detects the remaining capacity of the storage battery 141.
- the period is, for example, 1 minute.
- the processing of steps S307 to S308 may be performed every time the processing of steps S301 to S302 is completed every second.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a first example of the frequency and the charge / discharge amount according to the frequency control method in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows the time change of the frequency of the power system.
- the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
- FIG. 8B shows the change over time in the charge / discharge amount when the frequency control according to the present embodiment is performed on the frequency shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8B shows a case where the frequency detector 202 calculates the frequency deviation by the calculation method (1).
- the charge amount and the discharge amount are controlled to be balanced over a relatively long time.
- the area of the graphic indicating the discharge amount is substantially equal to the area of the graphic indicating the charge amount.
- the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 141 can be balanced over a relatively long time by the frequency control using the frequency deviation calculated by the calculation method (1) of the frequency detection unit 202.
- a generator for example, a thermal power generator
- Charging / discharging of storage batteries is characterized by a faster response speed than charging / discharging of generators. Therefore, frequency control of the power system using both the storage battery and the generator in a manner that suppresses fluctuations in a relatively short cycle by charging and discharging with the storage battery and suppressing deviation from the standard frequency by the thermal power generator. It can be said that the merit of doing is great.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a second example of the frequency and the charge / discharge amount according to the frequency control method in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows the time change of the frequency of the power system.
- the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
- FIG. 9B shows the change over time in the amount of charge and discharge when the frequency control according to the present embodiment is performed on the frequency shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9B shows a case where the frequency detector 202 calculates the frequency deviation by the calculation method (2).
- the frequency of the power system can be brought close to the standard frequency by frequency control using the frequency deviation calculated by the calculation method (2) of the frequency detection unit 202.
- the frequency control apparatus can perform frequency control of the power system over a long time.
- the base point change width with respect to the change in the remaining capacity is the same in the first range, the second range, and the third range. In that case, even if the remaining capacity is in the vicinity of the predetermined value (third range), the base point changes as the remaining capacity changes.
- a correction is made to appropriately maintain the remaining capacity of the storage battery with respect to the charge / discharge amount to be charged / discharged to the power system for frequency control, but the charge or discharge to the power system is reversed by the correction.
- the frequency control is not properly performed.
- the change width when the remaining capacity is in the third range is reduced, and the inversion of the charge or discharge is suppressed.
- the frequency control device can control the frequency of the power system by the storage battery while appropriately maintaining the remaining capacity of the storage battery.
- the frequency control device is based on a value indicating the power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery when the frequency of the power system matches the reference frequency, and a value that is changed from the reference by an amount corresponding to the frequency deviation is used.
- the charge / discharge amount can be determined.
- the frequency control can be performed so that the remaining capacity of the storage battery is maintained within the third range.
- the frequency control device can suppress fluctuations in frequency with a relatively short period.
- the frequency control device can suppress the deviation of the frequency of the power system from the standard frequency.
- the frequency control device can determine the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery according to the frequency deviation within the charge / discharge variable width.
- the frequency control device can determine the base point and the charge / discharge command value each time the frequency of the power system is acquired, and perform frequency control continuously.
- the frequency control device can newly determine the base point only when the remaining capacity of the storage battery changes relatively large. Since the frequency control device does not update the base point when the change in the remaining capacity of the battery is small, the processing load on the frequency control device is reduced.
- the frequency control device can charge / discharge the storage battery while avoiding the range of the remaining capacity where the deterioration of the storage battery is accelerated. Therefore, deterioration of the storage battery can be suppressed.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a power network including the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- the power network includes a distribution transformer 11, a distribution line 12, a load 13, a communication network 92, a storage battery system 94, a frequency control device 942, and a power sensor 95.
- the communication network 92 is a communication network that connects the frequency control device 942 and the storage battery system 94 so that they can communicate with each other.
- the communication network 92 is realized by a wired LAN conforming to the IEEE 802.3 standard, a wireless LAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11a, b, g standard, a public communication line such as a mobile phone line, or the like.
- the power sensor 95 is a power sensor that detects the frequency of power in the power system.
- the storage battery system 94 includes a storage battery 941 and a communication unit (not shown).
- the storage battery 941 charges or discharges power according to control by the frequency control device 142 via the communication network 92.
- the communication unit is a communication interface that communicates with the frequency control device 142 via the communication network 92.
- the storage battery system 94 is different from the storage battery system 14 in that it is controlled via the communication network 92. The other points are the same as the storage battery system 14.
- the frequency control device 942 detects the frequency of the power supplied from the power system by the power sensor 95, and charges or discharges the storage battery 141 so that the power frequency of the power system approaches the reference frequency based on the detected frequency. Control is performed via the communication network 92. Further, the frequency control device 942 includes a communication unit (not shown) that is a communication interface that communicates with the frequency control device 142 via the communication network 92. The frequency control device 942 is different from the frequency control device 142 in that the storage battery system 94 is controlled via the communication network 92. Further, the frequency control device 942 controls one or more storage battery systems. The other points are the same as the storage battery system 94.
- the frequency control device 942 transmits a charge / discharge command value to each of the one or more storage battery systems in order to control charge / discharge of the one or more storage battery systems.
- the charge / discharge command value transmitted to each storage battery system is obtained by distributing the charge / discharge amount as a whole to each storage battery system.
- the storage battery system 94 transmits the inverter capacity of the storage battery system 94 to the frequency control device 942 via the communication network 92.
- the frequency control device 942 receives the inverter capacity sent from the storage battery system 94. Then, the frequency control device 942 determines the charge / discharge amount of each storage battery system so as to be proportional to the received inverter capacity, and transmits the determined charge / discharge amount to each storage battery system 94 as a charge / discharge command value.
- ( ⁇ I) is a total value of inverter capacities of N storage battery systems.
- the frequency control device can control a plurality of storage battery systems via a network.
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be realized by executing a software program suitable for each component.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the software that realizes the frequency control device of each of the above embodiments is a program as follows.
- the program is a frequency control method for controlling the computer to bring the frequency of the power system closer to the reference frequency, a frequency detection step for detecting the frequency, and a capacity acquisition step for acquiring the remaining capacity of the storage battery.
- a base point determination step for determining a base point indicating a reference value of power to be charged or discharged to the storage battery, and an amount corresponding to a frequency deviation which is a difference between the reference frequency and the detected frequency,
- the base point determination step includes a command value determination step for determining a charge / discharge command value that is a value changed from a base point, and a charge / discharge control step for charging or discharging the storage battery based on the charge / discharge command value.
- the larger the acquired remaining capacity, the more the storage battery is discharged Determining the base point to charge the storage battery to a lesser extent and averaging the base point with respect to the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a first range that is less than a first threshold
- the rate of change is the first rate of change
- the average rate of change of the base point with respect to the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a second range that is greater than the second threshold and greater than the second threshold.
- the second rate of change the average rate of change of the base point with respect to the remaining capacity when the acquired remaining capacity is within a third range that is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold.
- the frequency control device according to one or a plurality of aspects has been described based on the embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Unless it deviates from the gist of the present invention, various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art have been made in this embodiment, and forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments are also within the scope of one or more aspects. May be included.
- the present invention can be used for a frequency control device that performs control for bringing the frequency of the power system close to the reference frequency.
- the present invention can be used for a frequency control device that controls the frequency of a power system operated and managed by an electric power company.
Abstract
Description
本発明者は、「背景技術」の欄において記載した、周波数制御方法に関し、以下の問題が生じることを見出した。
本実施の形態において、蓄電池システムを用いて電力系統の周波数を基準周波数に近づける制御を行う周波数制御装置について説明する。
=100×{(残存容量)-(バックアップ容量)}/(周波数制御用容量) (式2)
=A×{(残存容量)-(第一閾値)}/[100-{(第二閾値)-(第一閾値)}] (式3)
=A×{(残存容量)-(第二閾値)}/[100-{(第二閾値)-(第一閾値)}] (式4)
=(ベースポイント)-(充放電可変幅)×(周波数偏差)/(周波数適正幅) (式6)
本実施の形態において、蓄電池システムを用いて電力系統の周波数を基準周波数に近づける制御を、ネットワークを介して行う周波数制御装置について説明する。なお、既に説明した実施の形態と同様の構成要素については、同様の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略することがある。
=(全体としての充放電量)×IX/(ΣI) (式7)
12 配電線
13 負荷
14、94 蓄電池システム
92 通信ネットワーク
95 電力センサ
141、941 蓄電池
142、942 周波数制御装置
201 残存容量取得部
202 周波数検出部
203 ベースポイント決定部
204 充放電可変幅決定部
205 充放電指令値決定部
206 充放電制御部
Claims (12)
- 電力系統の周波数を基準周波数へ近づけるための制御を行う周波数制御方法であって、
前記周波数を検出する周波数検出ステップと、
蓄電池の残存容量を取得する容量取得ステップと、
前記蓄電池に充電又は放電させる電力の基準値を示すベースポイントを決定するベースポイント決定ステップと、
前記基準周波数と、検出された前記周波数との差分である周波数偏差に対応する量だけ、前記ベースポイントから変化させた値である充放電指令値を決定する指令値決定ステップと、
前記充放電指令値に基づいて前記蓄電池を充電又は放電させる充放電制御ステップとを含み、
前記ベースポイント決定ステップでは、
取得された前記残存容量が大きいほど、より多く前記蓄電池に放電させ、又は、より少なく前記蓄電池に充電させるように前記ベースポイントを決定し、
取得された前記残存容量が、第一閾値より小さい範囲である第一範囲内にある場合の前記残存容量に対する前記ベースポイントの平均変化率を第一変化率とし、取得された前記残存容量が、前記第一閾値より大きい第二閾値より大きい範囲である第二範囲内にある場合の前記残存容量に対する前記ベースポイントの平均変化率を第二変化率とする場合、
取得された前記残存容量が、前記第一閾値以上かつ前記第二閾値以下である第三範囲内にある場合の前記残存容量に対する前記ベースポイントの平均変化率である第三変化率が、前記第一変化率及び前記第二変化率のいずれよりも小さい
周波数制御方法。 - 前記ベースポイントは、取得された前記周波数が前記基準周波数に一致する場合に前記蓄電池に充電又は放電させる電力を示す値である
請求項1に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記ベースポイント決定ステップでは、
取得された前記残存容量が前記第三範囲内にある場合に、前記ベースポイントをゼロと決定する
請求項2に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記第一閾値は、前記蓄電池の全容量のゼロ%より大きく50%より小さく、
前記第二閾値は、前記蓄電池の全容量の50%より大きく100%より小さい
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記基準周波数は、過去の所定期間内に検出された複数の周波数の移動平均値である
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記基準周波数は、前記電力系統の標準周波数である
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記周波数制御方法は、さらに、
前記ベースポイントを基準として、充電量を増加させ、又は、放電量を増加させる最大幅を示す充放電可変幅を決定する充放電可変幅決定ステップを含み、
前記指令値決定ステップでは、
前記ベースポイントに前記充放電可変幅を加算して得られる値を放電最大値とし、前記ベースポイントから前記充放電可変幅を減算して得られる値を充電最大値とする場合、
前記周波数偏差がゼロより大きい場合には、前記周波数偏差の絶対値が大きいほど、より充電最大値に近い値に充放電指令値を決定し、
前記周波数偏差がゼロより小さい場合には、前記周波数偏差の絶対値が大きいほど、より放電最大値に近い値に充放電指令値を決定する
請求項5または6に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記ベースポイント決定ステップでは、
前記充放電指令値が生成されるごとに新たにベースポイントを決定することで、前記ベースポイントを更新する
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記容量取得ステップでは、
前記残存容量を所定のタイミングで複数回取得し、
前記ベースポイント決定ステップでは、
前記容量取得ステップで取得された残存容量が、前記容量取得ステップで前回取得された残存容量に対して所定値以上異なる場合に、新たにベースポイントを決定することで、前記ベースポイントを更新する
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記容量取得ステップでは、
前記蓄電池の全容量のうちの一部の範囲に占める残存容量の割合を、前記残存容量として検出する
請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 電力系統の周波数を基準周波数へ近づけるための制御を行う周波数制御装置であって、
前記周波数を検出する周波数検出部と、
蓄電池の残存容量を取得する容量取得部と、
前記蓄電池に充電又は放電させる電力の基準値を示すベースポイントを決定するベースポイント決定部と、
前記基準周波数と、検出された前記周波数との差分である周波数偏差に対応する量だけ、前記ベースポイントから変化させた値である充放電指令値を決定する指令値決定部と、
前記充放電指令値に基づいて前記蓄電池を充電又は放電させる充放電制御部とを含み、
前記ベースポイント決定部では、
取得された前記残存容量が大きいほど、より多く前記蓄電池に放電させ、又は、より少なく前記蓄電池に充電させるように前記ベースポイントを決定し、
取得された前記残存容量が、第一閾値より小さい範囲である第一範囲内にある場合の前記ベースポイントに対する前記残存容量の平均変化率を第一変化率とし、取得された前記残存容量が、前記第一閾値より大きい第二閾値より大きい範囲である第二範囲内にある場合の前記ベースポイントに対する前記残存容量の平均変化率を第二変化率とする場合、
取得された前記残存容量が、前記第一閾値以上かつ前記第二閾値以下である第三範囲内にある場合の前記ベースポイントに対する前記残存容量の平均変化率である第三変化率が、前記第一変化率及び前記第二変化率のいずれよりも小さい
周波数制御装置。 - 請求項11に記載の周波数制御装置と、
前記蓄電池とを備える
蓄電システム。
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CN110875620A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 充电管理设备、充电管理系统和充电管理方法 |
Also Published As
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SG11201503507RA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
US9692243B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
JPWO2015075758A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
US20160013676A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
JP6183727B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
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