WO2015067451A1 - Réservoir de stockage d'ammoniac liquide - Google Patents
Réservoir de stockage d'ammoniac liquide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015067451A1 WO2015067451A1 PCT/EP2014/072185 EP2014072185W WO2015067451A1 WO 2015067451 A1 WO2015067451 A1 WO 2015067451A1 EP 2014072185 W EP2014072185 W EP 2014072185W WO 2015067451 A1 WO2015067451 A1 WO 2015067451A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- wall
- concrete
- steel
- lightweight concrete
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/022—Land-based bulk storage containers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0678—Concrete
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0136—Terminals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tank for the above-ground storage of liquid gas and in particular for the storage of liquid ammonia.
- a Tank within the meaning of the present invention comprises a floor and an outer wall adjacent thereto.
- a container for the storage of a liquid is provided.
- such a tank comprises a roof structure through which the container is closed.
- Liquefied gas is usually stored in thermally insulated steel tanks. Plastic is commonly used for thermal insulation. The thermal insulation is usually outside on the outside wall of the tank.
- JP 56167996 A discloses an underground tank which comprises an outer wall and an inner wall.
- the outer wall of the tank is separated from the inner wall by a gap.
- the gap is filled by heat insulating material.
- lightweight concrete is proposed.
- Lightweight concrete is concrete with a density of not more than 2000 kg / m 3 . The requirements for such a tank are different from the requirements for a tank, which is provided according to the present invention for an above-ground storage.
- a tank comprises the features of the first claim.
- the tank in particular ammonia can be stored in liquid form above ground, an inner tank made of steel consists.
- an outer tank with a wall - in the following called outer wall which consists of concrete.
- the outer wall is entirely or partially made of lightweight concrete, which is able to insulate the tank sufficiently thermally.
- An additional thermal insulation for the outer wall or inner wall, ie for the wall of the inner tank, is advantageously not present and that in particular not on the outside of the outer wall.
- Ammonia is stored in liquid at relatively warm temperatures of -35 degrees. Ammonia can attack plastics and is toxic. Both steel and concrete are materials that could not be damaged by ammonia. These materials are also grown to the temperatures that are to be considered for the storage of ammonia. Overall, the tank is extremely resistant to interference, since the lightweight concrete not only ensures adequate thermal insulation, but also a very strong protective cover is provided by the outer wall made of concrete in the event that the inner tank is damaged. In particular, such an outer protective cover can be provided, which is mechanically much more stable than a conventional steel tank. Overall, this tank is particularly well suited for the storage of ammonia for the reasons mentioned.
- the outer lightweight concrete wall is basically much thicker than the opposite wall of the inner tank, so the inner wall.
- a relatively thick lightweight concrete wall is therefore already required to provide adequate thermal insulation. Concrete walls, however, must cool down after their manufacture before such a tank can be used to store LPG. If thermal insulation is applied to the exterior of the concrete shell or if cooling is delayed by an external wall, the concrete can not cool sufficiently quickly.
- the outer wall is made of concrete and has no thermal insulation on the outside thereof, there is advantageously no heat insulation which prevents a sufficiently rapid cooling of the concrete.
- the bottom of the outer tank and / or the outer wall of the outer tank are made entirely of lightweight concrete. It has been found that on the one hand such a sufficient thermal insulation and on the other hand a high mechanical stability can be provided.
- the walls of the steel tank are 10 to 40 mm, preferably up to 20 mm thick. This wall thickness is sufficient to provide an inner tank, which is basically grown all requirements for storage of ammonia in liquid form.
- a layer of lean concrete in one embodiment of the invention is located between the bottom of the outer tank and the bottom of the inner tank, a layer of lean concrete, so a Kles-cement mixture with a high proportion of gravel to compensate for any unevenness and thus to create a particularly suitable support for the inner tank.
- the inner steel tank made of steel is welded together from a plurality of steel sheets in order to be able to produce these advantageously with little technical effort.
- the gap can be used world-wide, for example, filled with, for example, loose thermal insulation material.
- the outer wall consisting of concrete has, in a preferred embodiment, a gastight inner lining. It is advantageous This catfish ensures that ammonia can not escape from the tank in gaseous form.
- the gas-tight inner coating is preferably made of metal.
- the inner coating is then advantageously resistant to ammonia.
- a gas-tight inner coating is preferably a 1 to 40 mm, preferably provided to 10mm thick steel sheet, which is anchored in an advantageous embodiment with bolts in the concrete of the outer wall.
- the outer wall of the outer tank is preferably made entirely of lightweight concrete and is particularly preferably at least 90 cm, preferably at least 1 10 cm thick. In this embodiment, a sufficiently thick outer wall is available, which is able to insulate sufficiently thermally. Basically, the outer wall is then no thicker than 150 cm, in order not to increase the material requirements and space requirements excessively.
- the outer wall made of concrete is double-layered.
- An outer layer is basically made of normal concrete with a density of more than 2000 kg / m 3 and then the other adjacent inner layer of thermally insulating lightweight concrete. Since the inner layer is thermally insulated, it does not obstruct excessively cooling the outer layer after its completion.
- the outer layer of normal concrete is at least 50 cm, preferably at least 65 cm thick.
- the inner layer of lightweight concrete is preferably at least 30 cm, more preferably at least 40 cm thick.
- the outer tank has grown particularly well to the requirements for the storage of ammonia in liquid form. Basically, the outer wall is then no thicker than 1 30 cm, in order not to increase the material requirements and space requirements excessively.
- the outer tank made of concrete forms a sufficient, at least zeltweise protection even if not only the inner tank damaged, but also a réellebeschlchtung the outer wall of the outer tank.
- a gas-tight Polymerbeschlchtung can be used.
- the roof of the tank in one embodiment, has a steel construction, such as structural steel, which is provided as a substructure to make a roof area by pouring concrete.
- structural steel On this construction of structural steel is therefore preferably a, for example 1 to 10 mm thick steel sheet on which concrete can be poured.
- Above the steel sheet is then after its completion in particular reinforced concrete with a thickness of, for example, 30 to 60 cm, for example, of 40 cm.
- From the construction of structural steel from a ceiling is preferably suspended, so that a space between the suspended ceiling and the construction of structural steel is present. This space is preferably completely or partially filled with thermally insulating material.
- a very lightweight lightweight concrete can be used, for example LC1 2/1 3 with a density of only 600 kg / m 3 and then one relatively low thermal conductivity of, for example, only 0, 1 9 W / mK, sols of lightweight concrete also provide the mechanical stability and therefore the outer wall is made entirely of lightweight concrete, such as light concrete LC40 / 44, so a lightweight concrete with a higher density used ,
- the invention is especially well suited for the storage of liquid ammonia. But it can also be stored with advantage other liquefied gases, and in particular liquid propane, liquid propylene or liquid butane.
- FIG. 2 enlarged detail of the roof of the tank of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 enlarged detail at the bottom of the tank according to Figure 1;
- Figure 4 enlarged detail of a second embodiment of the
- Figure 5 enlarged detail of the second embodiment of the
- the inner tank comprises a wall 1 made of steel and a floor 2 made of steel.
- the outer tank comprises a wall 3 made of prestressed lightweight concrete (for example LC 40/44), for example 1 10 cm thick.
- An example, five mm thick steel sheet 4 forms a gas-tight inner coating for the outer wall 3, which is anchored in lightweight concrete with head bolts 1 2 - as shown in the detail views in Figures 2 and 3.
- the inner wall consists of welded steel sheets.
- the outer tank further comprises a concrete base 6, which is arranged on a foundation, in particular on a pile foundation 7.
- the bottom 6 is made of lightweight concrete such as LC 40/44 with a density of 1400 kg / cubic meter.
- the roof of the tank comprises a steel structure 8, on which, for example, a 5 mm thick steel sheet 9 is located. Above the steel sheet 9, there is a reinforced concrete layer 10, which is 40 cm thick, for example, in the zenith.
- the roof also includes a suspended, for example, 1 0 cm thick ceiling 1 1 made of, for example, foam glass. Further details of the construction of the roof can be seen in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the ground, Preferably, the bottom formed of concrete is gas-tight lined with, for example, 5 mm thick steel sheet, as Figure 3 illustrates. Above this steel lining there is preferably a leveling layer of lean concrete with a thickness of for example 5 to 10 cm.
- the outer wall consists of two layers, namely an inner layer 13 of lightweight concrete and a outer layer 15 of prestressed concrete.
- the prestressed concrete is prestressed vertically and / or in the circumferential direction.
- the outer layer is, for example, 60 to 70 cm, in particular 65 cm thick.
- LC 1 2/1 3 is used with a density of about 600 kg / m 3 .
- the existing lightweight concrete, heat-roller bearing layer 1 for example, 40 to 50 cm thick, so for example 45 cm.
- the bottom of the outer tank preferably also consists of two layers, namely a heat-insulating layer 14 of lightweight concrete and a underlying layer 16 of normal concrete, which forms the mechanically particularly stable foundation.
- Belm roof can be provided in both embodiments Neoprenstrelfen between suspended ceiling and outer wall, which have interruptions to ventilate defined.
- the lining overlaps 4 in the roof area as shown with the sheet 9 of the roof structure and can be connected in a gas-tight manner with the metal sheet, such as by welding. This helps to improve that ammonia can not escape unplanned.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un réservoir de stockage de gaz liquéfié, et plus particulièrement de stockage d'ammoniac liquide. La présente invention vise à proposer un réservoir de gaz liquéfié qui soit approprié pour le stockage d'ammoniac sous forme liquide. A cet effet, le réservoir dans lequel peut en particulier être stocké de l'ammoniac sous forme liquide présente un réservoir intérieur qui est constitué d'acier, et un réservoir extérieur muni d'une paroi - ci-après appelée paroi extérieure - constituée de béton. La paroi extérieure est par ailleurs constituée entièrement ou partiellement de béton léger qui peut assurer une isolation thermique suffisante du réservoir. Avantageusement, il n'y a pas d'isolation thermique supplémentaire pour la paroi extérieure ou pour la paroi intérieure, donc pour la paroi du réservoir intérieur.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2016120457A RU2016120457A (ru) | 2013-11-11 | 2014-10-16 | Резервуар для хранения жидкого аммиака |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310222858 DE102013222858A1 (de) | 2013-11-11 | 2013-11-11 | Tank zur Lagerung von flüssigem Ammoniak |
DE102013222858.9 | 2013-11-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015067451A1 true WO2015067451A1 (fr) | 2015-05-14 |
Family
ID=51726517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/072185 WO2015067451A1 (fr) | 2013-11-11 | 2014-10-16 | Réservoir de stockage d'ammoniac liquide |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102013222858A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2016120457A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015067451A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104806873A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-07-29 | 华陆工程科技有限责任公司 | 双金属壁全包容式低温储罐 |
CN112303475A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 中太海事技术(上海)有限公司 | 一种用于液化天然气储存的双金属低温薄膜陆用储罐 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4041722A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-08-16 | Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company | Impact resistant tank for cryogenic fluids |
US4069642A (en) * | 1975-08-19 | 1978-01-24 | Bouwmaatschappij Nederhorst B. V. | Storage tank having a protective wall construction |
JPS56167996A (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1981-12-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Low temperature under ground tank |
US5174079A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1992-12-29 | Convault, Inc. | Fluid containment vault with homogeneous concrete-entombed tank |
US5201435A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-13 | Clawson Tank Company | Storage tank for combustible liquids |
US5234191A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1993-08-10 | Convault, Inc. | Apparatus for forming a fluid containment vault |
US5601204A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1997-02-11 | Hall; William Y. | Tank vault with sealed liner |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3852973A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1974-12-10 | R Marothy | Structure for storage of liquified gas |
NL153318B (nl) * | 1975-08-08 | 1977-05-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Tank voor de opslag van vloeibaar gemaakt gas van lage temperatuur. |
DE3913253A1 (de) * | 1989-04-22 | 1990-10-25 | Holzmann Philipp Ag | Behaelter zur einlagerung von tiefgekuehlten fluessigkeiten |
-
2013
- 2013-11-11 DE DE201310222858 patent/DE102013222858A1/de active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-10-16 RU RU2016120457A patent/RU2016120457A/ru unknown
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/EP2014/072185 patent/WO2015067451A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4069642A (en) * | 1975-08-19 | 1978-01-24 | Bouwmaatschappij Nederhorst B. V. | Storage tank having a protective wall construction |
US4041722A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-08-16 | Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company | Impact resistant tank for cryogenic fluids |
JPS56167996A (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1981-12-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Low temperature under ground tank |
US5174079A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1992-12-29 | Convault, Inc. | Fluid containment vault with homogeneous concrete-entombed tank |
US5234191A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1993-08-10 | Convault, Inc. | Apparatus for forming a fluid containment vault |
US5601204A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1997-02-11 | Hall; William Y. | Tank vault with sealed liner |
US5201435A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-13 | Clawson Tank Company | Storage tank for combustible liquids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2016120457A (ru) | 2017-12-19 |
DE102013222858A1 (de) | 2015-05-13 |
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