WO2015062280A1 - 一种电梯监测装置 - Google Patents

一种电梯监测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015062280A1
WO2015062280A1 PCT/CN2014/079740 CN2014079740W WO2015062280A1 WO 2015062280 A1 WO2015062280 A1 WO 2015062280A1 CN 2014079740 W CN2014079740 W CN 2014079740W WO 2015062280 A1 WO2015062280 A1 WO 2015062280A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elevator
speed
encoder
car
control board
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Application number
PCT/CN2014/079740
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭宝忠
宋艾峰
Original Assignee
苏州德奥电梯有限公司
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Publication of WO2015062280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015062280A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B3/00—Applications of devices for indicating or signalling operating conditions of elevators
    • B66B3/002—Indicators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/34—Details, e.g. call counting devices, data transmission from car to control system, devices giving information to the control system
    • B66B1/3492—Position or motion detectors or driving means for the detector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/06—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of elevators, and in particular to a monitoring device for the position of an elevator speed.
  • the existing elevator has no display speed in the car. Only when the main board is connected to the operator, the elevator running speed can be viewed, so the passenger can not understand the actual running speed of the elevator, especially the high-speed elevator problem is more prominent.
  • This problem can be achieved by transmitting the encoder feedback data to the display in the car.
  • the key component is the encoder, and the elevator safety control signal is also from the encoder.
  • Situation 1.
  • the elevator has established the direction of the current operation, but the elevator is not running. If it is detected that the pulse speed fed back by the rotary encoder is less than half of the rated speed of the elevator, and the state is maintained for 0.15s, the elevator is no longer running. The elevator disappears. According to the currently established direction, if the direction returned by the encoder is inconsistent with the current direction, and the speed V>0.35 m/s, the state is maintained for 0.8 s, the elevator stops. During the normal operation of the elevator overspeed elevator, if it is detected that the encoder feedback speed is greater than 1.15 times the rated speed of the elevator, this state can only be maintained for 0.8s, then the elevator stops. If the correction is not made after 4 repetitions, the main controller is no longer running.
  • the encoder Since the encoder is usually set on the main motor, by monitoring the motor or the transmission wheel linked with the motor, its failure will inevitably lead to chaos in the running state of the elevator. The error may also lead to the occurrence of elevator safety accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the monitoring mode of the elevator running state.
  • the means adopted are mainly to install the proximity switch sensor, which increases the elevator pipeline and has complicated layout.
  • the invention firstly provides a speed display device in an elevator car
  • a dual-mode signal acquisition is provided, which can prevent the encoder from malfunctioning, and can accurately display the running speed of the elevator.
  • the elevator can clearly display the current running speed of the car, so that the passenger can understand the running speed of the elevator and enrich the car. Display the screen.
  • a further step is to provide a dual-mode signal acquisition, safety device for elevator abnormal condition monitoring.
  • the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an elevator monitoring device, the elevator running speed, the car inner display device collects the actual running speed signal of the elevator through the encoder installed on the main shaft end, and transmits the signal to the control main board through the PG card, and the elevator control program runs according to the collection.
  • the speed signal is analyzed and processed, and then transmitted to the display panel of the car through CAN communication.
  • the elevator includes a driving circuit for driving the main motor to move, and a speed measuring wheel with an encoder is connected to the output shaft of the main motor, and the encoder transmits the motor rotation signal monitored by the speed measuring wheel to the PG card, and the PG card will have different output forms.
  • the signal of the encoder is processed and output to the elevator control board.
  • the elevator control board converts the signal processed by the time parameter into the speed parameter v1, transmits it to the car top board through the CAN bus, and the car top board passes the data connection.
  • the speed data is transmitted to the display in real time on the display inside the car.
  • the device is further provided with a light detecting module installed on the outer side of the elevator car to obtain the car displacement parameter, and the light detecting module transmits the displacement parameter s in real time to the single chip microcomputer controlling the same, and the time of the crystal oscillator through the single chip itself Parameter t, calculate the real-time speed v2 of the elevator, and transmit the speed parameter v2 to the elevator control panel, and the elevator control panel compares it with the speed v1 calculated by the encoder signal itself, if the difference is within the acceptable range The data is valid, the verification encoder works effectively, and the elevator works normally.
  • the car operating in the hoistway is towed by the steel cable 2, while the steel cable 2 is driven by the electric motor 1 with the drive pulley.
  • a marking strip 4 is mounted on one side of the hoistway and a light detecting module 3 is mounted on the car.
  • the marker tape 4 is made of a reflective material. The marking tape is arranged at a special position of the hoistway, for example, when the car is at the exit position of each layer, the position of the light detecting module of the car is different, and the width of each marking tape is different.
  • the light detecting module passes the marking tape, since the principle is to receive the diffuse reflection light to realize the detection, when the mirror-reflecting reflective material is used, there is no diffuse reflection light signal, and the signal is missing, and the missing distance is calculated by calculating the missing distance. , can determine the location of the elevator car.
  • the light detecting module is composed of an illumination lamp 7, a lens 12, a comb-shaped photovoltaic device 10, a small aperture partition 11, an amplifier 9 and a casing bracket 6 and the like, and the light beam is emitted by the illumination lamp and shines on the object 8, and the reflection thereof
  • the light enters the probe through the lens 12, and is imaged onto the dressing optoelectronic device through the aperture plate, and the signal is processed by the amplifier 9 and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer.
  • the probe is perpendicular to the surface of the object 8, and the illumination lamp and the probe have an acute angle, especially 45 degrees.
  • the comb-shaped photovoltaic device 10 is composed of a plurality of photosensitive strips composed of a silicon photodiode array, which are connected in two groups and arranged in a symmetrical phase-like comb shape.
  • the invention has the following advantages: the elevator running speed display device in the car can clearly display the current running speed of the car, so that the passenger knows the running speed of the elevator and enriches the display screen in the car.
  • a variety of monitoring methods ensure the reliability of the monitoring of the elevator operating state, the setting of the light detection module makes the elevator monitoring system simpler, eliminating the impact of redundant wiring and elevator sway on the monitoring system. .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an elevator arrangement of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a light detecting module of the present invention.
  • Elevator running speed The display device in the car is used to collect the actual running speed signal of the elevator through the encoder installed on the main shaft end, and is transmitted to the control main board through the PG card.
  • the elevator control program analyzes and processes according to the collected running speed signal, and then transmits it to the car through CAN communication. display board.
  • the encoder used in the present invention is an absolute rotary magnetic encoder that utilizes the Hall principle to detect the position of the shaft, which is attached to the shaft of the equipment device by a permanent magnet and a double shaft mounted on the encoder housing. Hall effect sensor. When the shaft and magnet rotate, the Hall effect sensor measures the change in the magnetic field and provides an angular measurement to the control system.
  • the encoder is a digital sensor that can be used in motion systems in elevators that require precise control of speed. Compared with optical encoders, magnetic encoders are not susceptible to environmental pollution, moisture and radiation, high reliability, simple and compact structure, small size, low cost and fast response.
  • the encoder is used to measure the rotation of the motor, so that the encoder outputs a continuous pulse signal to the PG card to realize digital speed measurement.
  • the PG card can process the signals of the encoders of different output forms and output them to the elevator control board, which can realize motor speed control and position control (positioning).
  • the encoder reflects the actual running speed of the elevator through the speed measuring wheel. The faster the running speed of the elevator, the higher the running motor speed.
  • the running motor runs normally; when the elevator running speed exceeds the rated speed and continuously accelerates to reach the running speed of the running motor overspeed switch, the overspeed switch generates an electrical action, and the control circuit is cut off to stop the elevator; if the stop is invalid and
  • the elevator continues to accelerate, when it reaches 120% of its rated speed, the sheave is stopped by mechanical action, and the link mechanism mounted on the car beam is pulled up by the friction force or the rope pulling mechanism in the sheave. Therefore, the elevator car is forcibly stopped on the guide rail.
  • the elevator can only be restarted after all safety switches have been reset.
  • the elevator includes a driving circuit for driving the main motor to move, and a speed measuring wheel with an encoder is connected to the output shaft of the main motor, and the encoder transmits the motor rotation signal monitored by the speed measuring wheel to the PG card, and the PG card will have different output forms.
  • the signal of the encoder is processed and output to the elevator control board.
  • the elevator control board converts the signal processed by the time parameter into the speed parameter v1, transmits it to the car top board through the CAN bus, and the car top board passes the data connection.
  • the speed data is transmitted to the display in real time on the display inside the car.
  • the device is further provided with a light detecting module installed on the outer side of the elevator car to obtain the car displacement parameter, and the light detecting module transmits the displacement parameter s in real time to the single chip microcomputer controlling the same, and the time of the crystal oscillator through the single chip itself Parameter t, calculate the real-time speed v2 of the elevator, and transmit the speed parameter v2 to the elevator control panel, and the elevator control panel compares it with the speed v1 calculated by the encoder signal itself, if the difference is within the acceptable range The data is valid, the verification encoder works effectively, and the elevator works normally.
  • the car operating in the hoistway is towed by the steel cable 2, while the steel cable 2 is driven by the electric motor 1 with the drive pulley.
  • a marking strip 4 is mounted on one side of the hoistway and a light detecting module 3 is mounted on the car.
  • the marker tape 4 is made of a reflective material. The marking tape is arranged at a special position of the hoistway, for example, when the car is at the exit position of each layer, the position of the light detecting module of the car is different, and the width of each marking tape is different.
  • the light detecting module passes the marking tape, since the principle is to receive the diffuse reflection light to realize the detection, when the mirror-reflecting reflective material is used, there is no diffuse reflection light signal, and the signal is missing, and the missing distance is calculated by calculating the missing distance. , can determine the location of the elevator car.
  • the light detecting module is composed of an illumination lamp 7, a lens 12, a comb-shaped photovoltaic device 10, a small aperture partition 11, an amplifier 9 and a casing bracket 6 and the like, and the light beam is emitted by the illumination lamp and shines on the object 8, and the reflection thereof
  • the light enters the probe through the lens 12, and is imaged onto the dressing optoelectronic device through the aperture plate, and the signal is processed by the amplifier 9 and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer.
  • the probe is perpendicular to the surface of the object 8, and the illumination lamp and the probe have an acute angle, especially 45 degrees.
  • the comb-shaped photovoltaic device 10 is composed of a plurality of photosensitive strips of n>>1 composed of a silicon photodiode array, which are connected into two groups of A and B, arranged in a symmetrical phase-like comb shape, and the spacing of the same group of photosensitive strips is T, x is Direction of movement. An image formed by the lens is imaged on the large-area comb device to form photocurrents Ia, Ib, and the circuit subtracts the two. Generally speaking, the two are not equal due to the irregularity of the image and the illumination area. When the sensor moves, the image changes, and Ia and Ib also change.
  • the T on the comb device corresponds to the distance MT at which the ground image moves. That is to say, the ground distance MT is converted into an electrical signal, which is equivalent to a pseudo sine wave.
  • the sensor design factor is 4mm/pulse, which means that a 4mm distance from the road surface can produce a waveform. Since the number of photosensitive bars is n>>1 and the image movement is gradual, the amplitude of the electrical signal is also gradual. As long as the signal conditioning circuit processes the signal into a TTL square wave, the microcomputer system counts the number of square waves, and the time reference can conveniently calculate the distance, velocity, and acceleration.
  • the actual sensor signal When the elevator moves, due to vibration and sensor manufacturing processes, the actual sensor signal always contains considerable harmonic interference, accompanied by the DC component of the waveform twist.
  • the sensor has been manufactured with bumps in mind, a special optical path design is adopted so that the center of the beam incident on each of the photosensitive strips is strictly parallel to the main optical axis of the lens, even if the object distance changes, the center of the speckle generated on the focal plane The distance is always the same, but the noise and amplitude of the signal are still large.
  • This signal must be processed by the conditioning circuit to be used by the microcomputer system.
  • the sensor signal removes the DC component of the signal through a 20Hz-20KHz bandpass filter, and filters the out-of-band interference.
  • the amplitude of the signal varies greatly due to image and bumps.
  • the amplification limiter stage amplifies the small signal. Signal clipping prevents signal loss.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

一种电梯监测装置，在主电机的输出轴上连接带有编码器的测速轮，编码器将电机转动信号传输到PG卡上，进行处理后输出到电梯控制板上，电梯控制板将结合时间参数处理过的信号换算成速度v1，通过CAN总线通讯传送到轿内显示板；还设置有光探测模块（3），可获取轿厢位移参数s，通过单片机自身晶振的时间参数t，计算出电梯的实时速度v2，电梯控制板将其与速度v1进行比较，若差值在可接受范围则数据有效，验证编码器有效工作。通过采取双方式信号采集，可防止编码器失灵，确保对电梯运行状态的监测可靠性。

Description

一种电梯监测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电梯领域，具体地说是指一种电梯速度位置的监测装置。
背景技术
现有的电梯是没有轿内运行速度显示的，只有在主板连接操作器时才能查看电梯运行速度，所以乘客无法了解所乘坐电梯的实际运行速度的，尤其高速电梯问题更加突出。该问题可以通过将编码器反馈数据传输到轿厢内的显示器上来实现，其关键部件在于编码器，而电梯安全控制的信号也来自于编码器，如：产生电梯失速故障的原因有以下两种情况：1．电梯已经运行，即速度V＞0m/s，如果此时检测到通过编码器反馈回来的速度V＝0，且这种情况维持5s钟，则出现失速故障，电梯急停。重复4次后如果没有得到修正，则主控制器停止运行。2．电梯已经确立当前运行的方向，但电梯没有运行，如果这时检测到通过旋转编码器反馈回来的脉冲速度小于电梯额定速度的一半，且这种状态维持0.15s钟，则电梯不再运行，同时电梯消号。电梯倒溜根据当前已经确立的方向，如果测得经编码器反馈回来的方向和当前方向不一致，且速度V＞0.35m/s，此种状态维持0.8s，则电梯急停。电梯超速电梯在正常运行过程当中，如果检测到编码器反馈回来的速度大于电梯额定速度的1.15倍，这种状态只能维持0.8s，则电梯急停。重复4次后如果没有得到修正，则主控制器不再运行。需人为将控制柜上的检修/正常开关先拨到T检修T，再重新恢复到T正常T；或先断电再重新上电复位。尝试通过加大变频器低频时的比例系数；或加大T抱闸延时1T的系数解决；或加载荷补偿解决。 错位（超过45CM），撞到下终短减速开关时修正在非写层状态下，电梯向下运行过程当中，通过旋转编码器反馈回来轿厢的位置（下行单层减速开关由不动作→动作）和写层时记录下来的此数据相比较，其差值的绝对值大于45CM时，在下行单层减速开关动作的瞬间，对原有写层时记录的下行单层减速开关的数据进行修正。可见编码器信号对电梯运行起到了至关重要的作用，由于编码器通常设置在主电机上，通过监视电机或与电机联动的传动轮上，其失效必将导致电梯运行状态的混乱，其数据错误还有可能导致电梯安全事故的发生，故增加对电梯运行状态的监测方式甚为必要，目前，所采用手段主要是加装接近开关传感器等方式，其增加了电梯管线，布置复杂。
技术问题
本发明首先要提供一种电梯轿厢内的速度显示装置，
进而提供一种双方式信号采集，可防止编码器失灵，可准确显示电梯运行速度的装置，可以在电梯内厢清晰显示轿厢当前运行速度，使乘客了解所乘坐电梯的运行速度，丰富轿内显示画面。
更近一步的提供一种双方式信号采集，电梯异常状态监测的安全装置。
 技术解决方案
本发明采用如下技术方案：一种电梯监测装置，电梯运行速度轿内显示装置是通过安装在主机轴端编码器采集电梯实际运行速度信号，通过PG卡传送到控制主板，电梯控制程序根据采集运行速度信号分析处理，再通过CAN通讯传送到轿内显示板。
该电梯包括驱动电路驱动主电机运动，在主电机的输出轴上连接带有编码器的测速轮，编码器将通过测速轮监测到的电机转动信号传输到PG卡上，PG卡将不同输出形式的编码器的信号进行处理后输出到电梯控制板上，电梯控制板将结合时间参数处理过的信号换算成速度参数v1，通过CAN总线，传输到轿顶板上，轿顶板通过数据连线，将该速度数据实时传输到，设置在轿厢内部的显示器上。
进一步的，该装置还设置有光探测模块，其安装在电梯轿厢外侧，可获取轿厢位移参数，光探测模块将该位移参数s实时传输到控制其的单片机上，通过单片机自身晶振的时间参数t，计算出该电梯的实时速度v2，将速度参数v2，传输至电梯控制板，电梯控制板将其与自身通过编码器信号计算出的速度v1进行比较，若差值在可接受范围则数据有效，验证编码器有效工作，电梯工作正常。
在井道中运行的轿厢由钢缆2曳引，而钢缆2则由带驱动滑轮的电动机1驱动。井道的一侧装有标记带4，轿厢上则装有光探测模块3。标记带4用反光材料制作。标记带设置在井道特殊位置，如与轿厢在每层出口位置时，轿厢上光探测模块对应位置，各标记带宽度不同。光探测模块通过标记带时，由于其原理是接受漫反射光线来实现探测，其经过镜面反射的反光材料时，会出现无漫反射光信号，信号缺失的情况，此时通过计算缺失出现的距离，可以判断出电梯轿厢所处位置。
光探测模块为由照明灯7、透镜12、梳状光电器件10、小孔隔板11，,放大器9及外壳支架6等部件组成一体，光束由照明灯发射，照在物体8上，其反射光通过透镜12进入探测头中，经小孔隔板后成像至梳妆光电器件上，形成信号经放大器9处理后，传输至单片机上。其中探测头与物体8表面垂直，照明灯与探测头呈锐角，尤其以45度为佳。
梳状光电器件10由硅光电二级管阵列组成的多个光敏条，连接成两组，呈对称相间梳状排列。
 有益效果
和现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：电梯运行速度轿内显示装置，可以清晰显示轿厢当前运行速度，使乘客了解所乘坐电梯的运行速度，丰富轿内显示画面。多种监测方式确保了对电梯运行状态的监测可靠性，光探测模块的设置，使得电梯监测系统更为简单，免去了冗余布线及电梯晃动对监测系统的影响 。
附图说明
图1为本发明电梯布置示意图；
图2为本发明控制电路图；
图3为本发明光探测模块结构示意图；
 本发明的最佳实施方式
电梯运行速度轿内显示装置是通过安装在主机轴端编码器采集电梯实际运行速度信号，通过PG卡传送到控制主板，电梯控制程序根据采集运行速度信号分析处理，再通过CAN通讯传送到轿内显示板。
本发明所采用编码器为绝对旋转式磁性编码器，其利用了霍尔原理来探测轴位置，它靠着一个永磁铁附在设备装置的轴上和一个安装在编码器壳体上的双轴霍耳效应传感器。当轴和磁铁旋转，霍耳效应传感器测量磁场的变化并向控制系统提供角度测量值。
编码器是一种数字式传感器，可用于电梯中需要对速度进行精确控制的运动系统上。与光学编码器相比，磁性编码器不易受环境污染、潮湿和射线的影响，可靠性高，结构简单紧凑，体积小，成本低，响应速度快。
通过编码器测量电机的转动，使编码器输出连续的脉冲信号给PG卡，实现数字测速。PG卡，可将不同输出形式的编码器的信号进行处理后输出到电梯控制板上，可实现电机速度控制和位置控制(定位).
编码器通过测速轮反映电梯的实际运行速度，电梯运行速度越快，运转电机转速越高。当电梯以额定速度运行时，运转电机正常运转；当电梯运行速度超过额定速度并不断加速达到运转电机超速开关动作速度时，超速开关产生电气动作，切断控制电路制停电梯；若制停无效且电梯继续加速行，达到其额定速度的120％以上时，通过机械动作使其绳轮停止运转，并借助绳轮中的摩擦力或夹绳机构提拉起安装在轿厢梁上的连杆机构，从而使电梯轿厢强行制停在导轨上。只有在所有安全开关复位后，电梯才能重新启动。
该电梯包括驱动电路驱动主电机运动，在主电机的输出轴上连接带有编码器的测速轮，编码器将通过测速轮监测到的电机转动信号传输到PG卡上，PG卡将不同输出形式的编码器的信号进行处理后输出到电梯控制板上，电梯控制板将结合时间参数处理过的信号换算成速度参数v1，通过CAN总线，传输到轿顶板上，轿顶板通过数据连线，将该速度数据实时传输到，设置在轿厢内部的显示器上。
进一步的，该装置还设置有光探测模块，其安装在电梯轿厢外侧，可获取轿厢位移参数，光探测模块将该位移参数s实时传输到控制其的单片机上，通过单片机自身晶振的时间参数t，计算出该电梯的实时速度v2，将速度参数v2，传输至电梯控制板，电梯控制板将其与自身通过编码器信号计算出的速度v1进行比较，若差值在可接受范围则数据有效，验证编码器有效工作，电梯工作正常。
在井道中运行的轿厢由钢缆2曳引，而钢缆2则由带驱动滑轮的电动机1驱动。井道的一侧装有标记带4，轿厢上则装有光探测模块3。标记带4用反光材料制作。标记带设置在井道特殊位置，如与轿厢在每层出口位置时，轿厢上光探测模块对应位置，各标记带宽度不同。光探测模块通过标记带时，由于其原理是接受漫反射光线来实现探测，其经过镜面反射的反光材料时，会出现无漫反射光信号，信号缺失的情况，此时通过计算缺失出现的距离，可以判断出电梯轿厢所处位置。
光探测模块为由照明灯7、透镜12、梳状光电器件10、小孔隔板11，,放大器9及外壳支架6等部件组成一体，光束由照明灯发射，照在物体8上，其反射光通过透镜12进入探测头中，经小孔隔板后成像至梳妆光电器件上，形成信号经放大器9处理后，传输至单片机上。其中探测头与物体8表面垂直，照明灯与探测头呈锐角，尤其以45度为佳。
梳状光电器件10由硅光电二级管阵列组成n>>1的多个光敏条，连接成A、B两组，呈对称相间梳状排列，设同组光敏条的间距为T，x为运动方向。由透镜形成的图像成像于该大面积梳状器件上，形成光电流Ia、Ib，电路使两者相减。一般来讲，两者因图像的不规则，光照面积的不同而不相等，当传感器移动时，图像在变化，Ia、Ib也在变化。
当图像在梳状器件上移过T／2时，除了前进方向最前的一条光敏条接收新图像外，其余的接收图像不变，不过原来处于A组光敏条的图像移到了B组上，反之亦然。由于n>>1，所以产生的光电流变成Ia<Ib，即仪用放大器接收的电信号反相。同样，当图像移过T距离时，在T／2的基础上，除运动方向最前的一条光敏条图像变化外，其余光敏条的图像又恢复原状，所以电信号再次反相，形成一个周期的伪正弦波。这时由于透镜的物像缩放作用，梳状器件上的T相当于地面图像移动的距离MT。也就是说，地面距离MT转变成电信号，就相当于出了一个伪正弦波。传感器设计系数为4mm／脉冲，即路面4mm距离可以产生一个波形。由于光敏条数n>>1，且图像移动是渐变的，所以电信号的幅度也是渐变的。信号调理电路只要把该信号处理成TTL方波，微机系统计数方波个数，加以时间基准就可以方便地计算出距离、速度、加速度来。
电梯运动时，由于震动以及传感器制造工艺等问题，实际的传感器信号中总含有相当的谐波干扰，并伴有波形扭动的直流分量。虽然传感器制造时已考虑了颠簸而采用了特殊的光路设计，使入射到每条光敏条上的光束中心严格平行于透镜主光轴，即使物距发生变化，焦面上产生的弥散斑的中心距离始终不变，但信号的噪声和幅度变化仍较大。这种信号必须由调理电路处理后方能为微机系统所使用。
传感器信号通过20Hz-20KHz带通滤波器将信号中的直流分量去除，并将带外的干扰滤去由于图像和颠簸等原因，信号的幅度变化很大，放大限幅级使小信号放大，大信号限幅，防止了信号丢失。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种电梯监测装置，其特征在于：驱动电路驱动主电机运动，在主电机的输出轴上连接带有编码器的测速轮，编码器将通过测速轮监测到的电机转动信号传输到PG卡上，PG卡将不同输出形式的编码器的信号进行处理后输出到电梯控制板上，电梯控制板将结合时间参数处理过的信号换算成速度参数v1，通过CAN总线，传输到轿顶板上，轿顶板通过数据连线，将该速度数据实时传输到，设置在轿厢内部的显示器上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种电梯监测装置，其特征在于：该装置还设置有光探测模块，其安装在电梯轿厢外侧，可获取轿厢位移参数，光探测模块将该位移参数s实时传输到控制其的单片机上，通过单片机自身晶振的时间参数t，计算出该电梯的实时速度v2，将速度参数v2，传输至电梯控制板，电梯控制板将其与自身通过编码器信号计算出的速度v1进行比较，若差值在可接受范围则数据有效，验证编码器有效工作，电梯工作正常。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种电梯监测装置，其特征在于：在井道中运行的轿厢由钢缆(2)曳引，而钢缆(2)则由带驱动滑轮的电动机(1)驱动，井道的一侧装有标记带(4)，轿厢上则装有光探测模块(3)，标记带(4)用反光材料制作，各标记带宽度不同。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种电梯监测装置，其特征在于：光探测模块为由照明灯(7)、透镜(12)、梳状光电器件(10)、小孔隔板(11)，放大器(9)及外壳支架(6)等部件组成一体，光束由照明灯发射，照在物体(8)上，其反射光通过透镜(12)进入探测头中，经小孔隔板后成像至梳妆光电器件上，形成信号经放大器(9)处理后，传输至单片机上。其中探测头与物体(8)表面垂直，照明灯与探测头呈锐角。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种电梯监测装置，其特征在于：梳状光电器件(10)由硅光电二级管阵列组成的多个光敏条，连接成两组，呈对称相间梳状排列。
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