WO2015055822A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015055822A1 WO2015055822A1 PCT/EP2014/072331 EP2014072331W WO2015055822A1 WO 2015055822 A1 WO2015055822 A1 WO 2015055822A1 EP 2014072331 W EP2014072331 W EP 2014072331W WO 2015055822 A1 WO2015055822 A1 WO 2015055822A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- inductor
- enamel
- heating
- component
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
- C23D9/06—Electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/04—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing an at least partially enamelled component.
- Enamelling is a technologically relatively complex process, which results in a highly resilient, chemically neutral, corrosion-resistant, highly insulating and hygienically high-quality composite material.
- enamelled surfaces have particular advantages, also with regard to long-term stability.
- Enamelled components are usually prepared by applying enamel slip or enamel powder to a suitably selected carrier body after suitable pretreatments, melting them and baking them at temperatures in the range of about 800 to 900 degrees.
- an enamelling process is usually carried out in such a way that after a cleaning, predrying and optional preheating of the carrier body and subsequent application of substrate (especially silicates) - all in several stages - on the respective usually metallic surface of the carrier body - preferably steel or gray cast iron - by heat radiation onto the surface thus prepared, it is heated with the substrate or enamel powder until the melting temperature of the enamel powder or enamel scrubber is reached, and the "molten" substrate or enamel powder forms an intimate bond with the support material at about 820 ° C.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for producing an at least partially enamelled component, which allows a particularly high product quality with particularly low energy consumption and low environmental impact.
- an induction powder carrying carrier body is inductively heated, wherein the operating frequency of the inductor with respect to the material properties of the workpiece is selected such that the electromagnetic penetration depth in the workpiece is at most 1 mm.
- the invention is based on the consideration that a high product quality can be ensured by reliably adhering to the fundamental parameters which are important for the enameling process, in particular the local transformation temperatures during the "melting" of the enamel powder or substrate material onto the carrier body
- the required energy demand - and with it also the associated environmental impact and resource consumption - can be kept to a minimum by limiting and restricting the energy application during the transformation or the melting process to a local spatial area
- the desired conversion process is heated and heated, so now a localized, focused heating of a limited space region of the support body is provided, to which the intended material conversion should be limited. This can be achieved in a particularly simple way by local heating of the carrier body by inductive heating.
- the heat required for the enamelling process is thus not applied via a third medium to the substrate surface and then through this to the interface of substrate and substrate. Instead, the relevant spatial region, in particular at the boundary of the carrier body and substrate or enamel powder, is heated directly and directly inductively.
- the layer formation process of the enameling layer (baking / hardening), this leads to the fact that it is built up directly and growing from the carrier to the surface and not - as in conventional methods - from the surface to the carrier body out.
- connection of the thermal glaze resulting from the enameling process with the metallic carrier material is thereby significantly improved, since the energy or heat deposition develops from the inside out. This results in a significantly improved anchoring of the enamel coating on the carrier body and a new enamelling quality.
- the adhesion of the substrate or enamelling material to the carrier material is thereby further improved, even at "critical points", and flaking, in particular at corners or edges, is further significantly reduced.
- any air or other moisture or other inclusions that may still be present during the layer formation process or the subsequent curing process may escape outward from the boundary surface of the carrier body, because the surface is still "open” during the layer formation process Bubble-like air or gas inclusions are minimized.
- a second and / or third substrate or material application contours can be selectively applied and merged with the lower substrate layer.
- This can z. B. can be used specifically for advertising.
- For writings on the lower layer can z. B. differently colored / different substrate (eg screen printing / stencils) and immediately melted and cured by tracking a correspondingly shaped inductor (possibly further inductor).
- the inductive heating with another or the same inductor can also be used for pre-drying or preheating for special substrate jobs, which in particular improved adhesion can be achieved. It is also possible to inductively dry between the individual cleaning stages.
- Inductive heating also brings about considerable reductions in the necessary process times and capacities in these steps, which are actually upstream of the burn-in, and also, as a result of the corresponding process improvements, a reduction in the apparatus and process-related expense.
- the inductive heating is used for repair purposes, in particular isolated damaged areas in an enamel coating, for example, locally provided with an enamel and then the component in need of repair inductively locally heated and the "replacement enamel" is thus applied.
- the inductive solution - for example when scanning large parts - does not show this disadvantage. Rather, it allows smooth transitions and a line in line merging of the coating, which ultimately leads to a surface "in one piece".
- the inductive heating of the carrier body Due to the inductive heating of the carrier body, it is locally limited to a spatial region of the carrier body, so that a selective, object-specific process control is made possible by appropriate activation of the positioning of the energy input.
- a sequential sweeping of the surface regions of the carrier body is also possible in the manner of a "scan.”
- the entire body or else it can be scanned and heated in sections over a large area, in particular the heat conduction in the metal to the effect, which, however, exerts little influence on a localized "burn-in” and has a rather advantageous effect as a disruptive and thus rather corresponds to a kind of pre-heating or basic heating.
- inductor design and layout there are hardly any limits to the inductor design and layout.
- ring inductors are conceivable or advantageous.
- the area to be treated can also be scanned by means of HF from one side with a "surface inductor" and thus heated.
- a toroidal coil or a shaped ring inductor (angular / oval or the like) is advantageous. Optimizations can be determined by experiments.
- the size and condition of the parts to be enamelled also determine the frequency choice for inductive heating (MF or HF), whereby in many applications an HF selection should be favorable, as the interface to the substrate is specifically addressed / heated (skin effect).
- MF or HF inductive heating
- the optionally also possible local limitation of the induction action, in particular by means of suitable process control, also makes it possible in particular to provide an effective and cost-effective solution in the repair sector in the processing of completely or partially scraped, chipped or otherwise damaged surfaces, especially in industrial parts or high-quality consumer goods.
- Such a repair can be carried out particularly advantageously also in the manner of an in situ treatment directly at the installation location, ie without the need for removal and replacement of the respective component.
- the damaged spot requiring treatment is preferably mechanically and / or chemically cleaned before the actual treatment and freed of rust or other contaminants.
- enamel putty preferably adapted in shape and / or color to the component requiring treatment, applied and then in and with the existing "old environment", ie the locally still existing coating residues, inductive
- the contours merge and run together to create a homogenous overall impression of the repaired surface, whereby the repaired part surface can be suitably adapted to the existing surface in terms of color and / or surface properties by suitable choice of material, in particular the enamel filler Customized old surface, or even be highlighted by this distinguishable as an independent segment visually highlighted.
- the choice of operating parameters ie in particular the energy density, the frequency and / or the exposure time, thereby targeted with respect to and taking into account the respective material properties of the carrier body.
- the most common carrier materials Steel, copper and aluminum have the following thermal conductivities (in W / (mK)): steel 50, copper 300, aluminum 240.
- the operating parameters for the process management are advantageously adapted to the carrier material a chosen ngepasst to obtain a uniform and reproducible melting behavior of the enamel.
- the process flow and the quality of the enamelling are particularly influenced and influenced by:
- the movement sequence of the inductor relative to the surface to be coated is particularly preferably chosen and adjusted with regard to the further process parameters, such as, for example, treatment temperature, transmitted energy or power densities and the like.
- the further process parameters such as, for example, treatment temperature, transmitted energy or power densities and the like.
- material requirements it may be provided, for example, to avoid excessive temperature differences in the component to be coated between the currently inductively heated regions on the one hand and the currently unheated regions on the other hand, by moving the inductor fast enough over the respectively treated spatial regions. This thermally induced deformations of the piece of material and the like can be avoided or at least kept low.
- Vortsellbar for the movement pattern of the respective inductor on the surface to be treated for example, linear and / or rotational movements or even composed of these motion profiles.
- the inductor design can be application-oriented multi-layered and provided in wide variations, for example, round, flat for scanning, single and multi-threaded according to object size and application, meandering felicitninduktor (larger "attack surface”); Object adapted also half round, oval or rectangular executed
- all metals are basically favorable, particularly those with good inductive coupling (iron, steel, alloys); Copper Alu, precious metals (art!), Gold, silver, platinum.
- the quality of the enamelling material should be selected in terms of: composition, chemistry, grain size, pretreatment
- a particularly preferred pretreatment of the support material comprises: cleaning, washing, drying, former pretreatment, degreasing
- a relevant parameter for the selection of the operating parameters in the process control is also the - usually frequency- and temperature-dependent - penetration depth of the electromagnetic field into the material surface.
- treatment temperature and / or operating frequency of the inductor are particularly preferably chosen such that the penetration depth is at most about 1 mm.
- the operating frequency of the inductor is selected to be about 10kHz or greater, but at a treatment temperature of about 100 ° C operating frequencies of greater than about 20kHz are preferred for that criterion intended.
- operating frequencies of more than about 500Hz and for aluminum operating frequencies of more than about 1 kHz are preferably provided for steel as support material.
- an operating frequency of at least 300 kHz is selected for the inductor. This can ensure that even with varying materials or environmental conditions, the electromagnetic penetration depth can be kept sufficiently low to limit the heating to the immediate vicinity of the surface.
- a defective enamel layer already located on the workpiece is repaired with the aid of inductive heating. This can be done very needs-based and thus resource-conserving due to the localized and thus very well focusable heat input.
- a power density of at least 10 kW / cm 2 is inductively transmitted to the workpiece via the inductor.
- the concept of inductive heating of a component is used for powder coating / baking (preferably for window sills, window profiles, facade elements, fence elements or other building materials), Teflon coating or diamond, ceramic and / or or crystal coating of surfaces.
- the enamelling apparatus 1 is provided for applying a corrosion-protecting enamel coating to a workpiece 2.
- the enamel coating is produced by first a suitably selected starting material, in particular a so-called enamel paste, is applied to the workpiece 2. Subsequently, the workpiece 2 is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the enameling material in that area in which the application is to take place, so that a melting of the enameling material begins.
- a selected depending on the material of the workpiece 2 minimum temperature is exceeded in each treated space area, for example, for aluminum as a material of the workpiece 2 about 500 ° C and steel as the material of the workpiece 2 about 850 ° C.
- the enamelling 1 is specifically designed to achieve a high quality coating result with homogeneous and qualtitativ ansprochs Kunststoff surface with a particularly low resource use, so in particular energy consumption.
- the enamelling plant 1 is designed for local or regional heating of the workpiece 2 by electromagnetic induction.
- the enamelling plant 1 comprises an induction head or inductor 4, which via an electrical line system 6 with a one
- Converter and a control unit comprehensive power supply unit 8 is connected.
- the inductor 4 is positioned close to the surface of the workpiece 2, so that the electromagnetic alternating field emitted by the inductor 4 couples into the surface of the workpiece 2 and heats it.
- the inductor 4 can be embodied in a variety of possible variants with regard to its geometry and design parameters.
- the lateral extent of the inductor 4, which also determines the size of the surface segment of the workpiece 2 that is simultaneously heated during operation may be comparatively small (a few cm 2 or even less, depending on the application, enables locally highly differentiated machining of the workpiece surface during enameling), comparatively large (for example, 1000 cm 2 or even more, allows a comparatively large-scale and therefore rapid processing of comparatively large total surfaces) or be carried out with values between these limits.
- the enamelling apparatus 1 is designed, for example by means of holding devices for the inductor 4 and / or the workpiece 2, not shown in detail, for a so-called “scanning operation” in which the inductor 4 is moved relative to the surface of the workpiece 2 during the enamelling operation. and / or y-direction (indicated in the figure by the arrows 10) and thereby sweeps over the surface 10.
- the inductor 4 can be gradually guided over the entire surface of the workpiece 2, so that they are completely swept over Alternatively, however, the inductor 4 can also be activated only via selected parts or segments of the surface of the workpiece 2, for example for repairs of damaged surface parts or the like due to the very demand-oriented use and thus very low total energy consumption very advantageous t.
- the inductor 4 can also be designed as a portable hand-held device which can be moved manually over the surface of the workpiece 2.
- the enamelling plant is designed for a particularly resource-saving operation in the surface treatment of the workpiece 2, in which both the energy consumption and the material consumption with high material quality of the surface should be kept particularly low.
- in the inductive heating of the workpiece 2 consistently use the so-called skin effect, so the limited penetration depth of alternating electromagnetic fields in metallic surfaces, for limiting the inductively generated heating as possible to the actual surface of the workpiece 2, without it should come to a high heating of the underlying layers or areas of the workpiece 2.
- the operating parameters of the enamelling plant 1 are chosen such that - taking into account the material properties of the workpiece 2 - the penetration depth is at most about 1 mm.
- the operating frequency of the inductor is selected to be about 10kHz or greater, but at a treatment temperature of about 100 ° C operating frequencies of greater than about 20kHz are preferred for that criterion intended.
- operating frequencies of more than about 500Hz and for aluminum operating frequencies of more than about 1 kHz are preferably provided for steel as support material.
- an operating frequency of at least 300 kHz is selected. This ensures that the penetration depth can be kept sufficiently small under all expected conditions, so that the heating on the immediate surface area can be kept limited and deeper-lying structural layers are not appreciably affected by the heating.
- the further operating parameters are also suitably selected with regard to the intended resource-saving mode of operation.
- the inductor 4 is operated at a power density of about 10 kW / cm 2 (relative to the radiating surface).
- Enamel paste is achieved, can be kept very short.
- a particularly advantageous aspect of such a parameter selection is that, as a result of the targeted directed to the surface heating and relatively thin held coatings can be produced, which are based in their material properties such as elasticity, etc. on the substrate or carrier body.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020167013150A KR102045431B1 (ko) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | 완전히 또는 부분적으로 에나멜링된 컴포넌트를 생산하기 위한 방법 |
CN201480065676.7A CN105793470A (zh) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | 用于生产完全或部分搪瓷组件的方法 |
EP14799969.2A EP3058117A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils |
US15/029,800 US20160265118A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | Method for producing a completely or partially enameled component |
JP2016524496A JP6561050B2 (ja) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | 完全に又は部分的にエナメル引きされた部材の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310017298 DE102013017298A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten Bauteils |
DE102013017298.5 | 2013-10-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015055822A1 true WO2015055822A1 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
Family
ID=51932309
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/072331 WO2015055822A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160265118A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3058117A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6561050B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102045431B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105793470A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013017298A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015055822A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3569737A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-20 | INNO HEAT GmbH | Verfahren zum reparieren einer schadstelle in der emaillebeschichtung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils |
EP3763686A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-13 | OMERAS GmbH Oberflächenveredelung und Metallverarbeitung | Reparatur von fehlstellen in einem glas oder glaskeramischen überzug auf einem metallischen oder keramischen substrat inklusive der substratoberfläche |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3388550A1 (de) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-17 | INNO HEAT GmbH | Komponente für eine strömungsmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer solchen komponente |
CN108823568B (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-04-07 | 常熟市南湖化工设备制造有限责任公司 | 一种搪玻璃搅拌器的节能生产工艺 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR654016A (fr) * | 1928-05-09 | 1929-03-30 | Procédé pour appliquer des revêtements sur des matières conductrices, destiné plus spécialement à émailler le fer | |
US2848566A (en) * | 1954-02-01 | 1958-08-19 | Smith Corp A O | Induction heating apparatus for fusing vitreous enamel |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE850258C (de) * | 1950-02-10 | 1952-09-22 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Verfahren zum Auskleiden von metallischen Rohren, insbesondere Stahl- und Eisenrohren |
DE1015659B (de) * | 1953-02-23 | 1957-09-12 | Licentia Gmbh | Anlage zum Emaillieren von Blechen |
DE1010347B (de) * | 1953-02-23 | 1957-06-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausbessern von fehlerhaft emaillierten Blechteilen |
AT267279B (de) * | 1966-08-08 | 1968-12-27 | Austria Email Ag | Verfahren zum Außen- und Innenemaillieren von Stahlrohren |
CH545352A (de) * | 1972-07-21 | 1974-01-31 | Vnii Po Stroitelstvu Magistr | Vorrichtung zur Induktionserhitzung von langen Metallerzeugnissen während des Emaillierens derselben |
DD98117A1 (de) * | 1972-08-09 | 1973-06-12 | ||
JPS60234978A (ja) * | 1984-05-09 | 1985-11-21 | Gadelius Kk | 高周波誘導加熱式琺瑯被覆金属性長尺パイプの製造装置 |
CN1015916B (zh) * | 1988-12-07 | 1992-03-18 | 袁新 | 景泰蓝的电磁感应加热方法 |
CN1018292B (zh) * | 1989-10-17 | 1992-09-16 | 王理泉 | 一种复合防腐管道及其制造方法 |
US7291817B2 (en) * | 2004-10-30 | 2007-11-06 | Inductotherm Corp. | Scan induction heating |
US7772530B2 (en) * | 2004-10-30 | 2010-08-10 | Inductotherm Corp. | Induction heat treatment of workpieces |
US7462378B2 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2008-12-09 | General Electric Company | Method for coating metals |
JP5318146B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-07 | 2013-10-16 | 阪和ホーロー株式会社 | 発熱琺瑯釉薬 |
JP5840523B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-13 | 2016-01-06 | Jfe建材株式会社 | 優れた表面品質を有するほうろう材の製造方法 |
CA2918333A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Gordhanbhai Patel | Fast and economical methods and apparatus for manufacturing glass lined metal objects by induction heating |
-
2013
- 2013-10-18 DE DE201310017298 patent/DE102013017298A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-10-17 EP EP14799969.2A patent/EP3058117A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-17 JP JP2016524496A patent/JP6561050B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-17 US US15/029,800 patent/US20160265118A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-10-17 WO PCT/EP2014/072331 patent/WO2015055822A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-10-17 CN CN201480065676.7A patent/CN105793470A/zh active Pending
- 2014-10-17 KR KR1020167013150A patent/KR102045431B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR654016A (fr) * | 1928-05-09 | 1929-03-30 | Procédé pour appliquer des revêtements sur des matières conductrices, destiné plus spécialement à émailler le fer | |
US2848566A (en) * | 1954-02-01 | 1958-08-19 | Smith Corp A O | Induction heating apparatus for fusing vitreous enamel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3058117A1 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3569737A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-20 | INNO HEAT GmbH | Verfahren zum reparieren einer schadstelle in der emaillebeschichtung eines vollständig oder teilweise emaillierten bauteils |
EP3763686A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-13 | OMERAS GmbH Oberflächenveredelung und Metallverarbeitung | Reparatur von fehlstellen in einem glas oder glaskeramischen überzug auf einem metallischen oder keramischen substrat inklusive der substratoberfläche |
WO2021004823A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | Omeras Gmbh Oberflächenveredelung Und Metallverarbeitung | Reparatur von fehlstellen in einem glas oder glaskeramischen überzug auf einem metallischen oder keramischen substrat inklusive der substratoberfläche |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105793470A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
KR20160113579A (ko) | 2016-09-30 |
US20160265118A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
KR102045431B1 (ko) | 2019-11-15 |
EP3058117A1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
JP2016540116A (ja) | 2016-12-22 |
JP6561050B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 |
DE102013017298A1 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
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