WO2015055756A1 - Verfahren zur vorbereitung von metallischen formkörpern für die kaltumformung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur vorbereitung von metallischen formkörpern für die kaltumformung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015055756A1 WO2015055756A1 PCT/EP2014/072191 EP2014072191W WO2015055756A1 WO 2015055756 A1 WO2015055756 A1 WO 2015055756A1 EP 2014072191 W EP2014072191 W EP 2014072191W WO 2015055756 A1 WO2015055756 A1 WO 2015055756A1
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- layer
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- oxalic acid
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- bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/46—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing oxalates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2080/00—Special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated, e.g. phosphatising or chromatising of a metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating metallic moldings first with an aqueous acidic oxalating solution and optionally thereafter with a lubricant composition, in particular in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion based on organic polymer / copolymer, an oil emulsion, an oil, a solid lubricant or a dry lubricant such as Powder soaps for preparing the metallic moldings for cold forming.
- Cold working can usually be done at surface temperatures of up to about 450 ° C without external heat input. The heating can occur solely by the frictional forces acting between the coated metallic shaped body blank and the tool and by internal frictional forces due to material flow, but possibly also by preheating the shaped bodies to be formed.
- the temperature of the shaped body to be formed initially often at ambient temperature, ie at about 10 to 32 ° C.
- ambient temperature ie at about 10 to 32 ° C.
- the shaped articles to be formed are heated up to temperatures, for example in the range from 650 to 850 ° C., from 850 to 1250 ° C. or from 650 to 1250 ° C., this is referred to as warm forging or forging.
- cold toughening usually involves elevated to high pressures, e.g. for steel in the range of 200 MPa to 1 GPa and sometimes even up to 2 GPa.
- the cold formed metallic moldings can basically consist of any metallic material. Preferably, they consist essentially of steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, in particular of structural steel, high-strength steel, stainless steel, iron or steel material with a chromium content or / and metallically coated steel such as aluminized or galvanized steel. In most cases, the molded body consists essentially of steel.
- At least one coating is used as a release layer between mold and tool to avoid cold welding of moldings and tools.
- the cold forming includes above all:
- a slide pull e.g. welded or seamless tubes, hollow sections, solid sections, wires or rods, e.g. during wire drawing or pipe drawing,
- ironing ironing (final gauge) and / or deep drawing e.g. from strips or sheets to specially deep-drawn moldings or from hollow bodies to more deformed hollow bodies,
- a thread rolling and / or threading e.g. at nuts or
- a pressing such as Cold extrusion (compression molding) e.g. from Hohloder full bodies or extruders or / and
- cold-forming metal moldings were prepared almost exclusively by either applying a grease, an oil, or an oil emulsion for cold forming.
- a lubricant layer is usually followed by a separating layer in order to minimize the friction occurring during the forming process.
- the blanks are usually coated first with zinc phosphate to form a release layer and then either with a soap, in particular based on alkali and / or alkaline earth metal stearate and / or with a solid lubricant in particular based on molybdenum sulfide and / or carbon to form a lubricant layer before the thus coated blanks are cold formed.
- a soap in particular based on alkali and / or alkaline earth metal stearate and / or with a solid lubricant in particular based on molybdenum sulfide and / or carbon to form a lubricant layer before the thus coated blanks are cold formed.
- the aforementioned lubricant systems of the prior art are based mainly on zinc phosphate as a separating layer.
- the conditions of environmental compatibility and occupational hygiene as well as the requirements for safety-relevant components in phosphate-free and low-calorific baths and coatings must be taken into account even more than before.
- the cold-formed metallic moldings are precoated before cold forming.
- the metallic surface of the molding or its metallically coated coating can be provided with a conversion coating, in particular oxalated or phosphated.
- the conversion coating can preferably be carried out with an aqueous composition based on oxalate, alkali phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, manganese phosphate, zinc phosphate or corresponding mixed crystal phosphate such as ZnCa phosphate.
- the metallic moldings are also blank, that is wetted without a previous conversion coating, with a lubricant composition. The latter is only possible if the metallic surface of the shaped body to be formed is previously cleaned chemically and / or physically.
- the steels which can be used according to the invention are characterized as having a carbon content in the range from 0 to 2.06% by weight and therefore do not belong to the iron materials, and as such having a chromium content in the range from 0 to ⁇ 10 wt .-% and in particular in the range of 0.01 to 9 wt .-%, from 0.05 to 8 wt .-%, from 0.1 to 7, from 0.2 to 5 Wt .-%, from 0.25 to 4 wt .-% or from 0.3 to 2.5 wt .-% have.
- Steels have a carbon content in the range of 0 to 2.06% by weight.
- the chromium content of the steel influences the pickling attack of an acidic aqueous oxalating composition and also an acidic aqueous zinc phosphating composition. Because if the chromium content is well over 10 wt .-%, forms on the steel surface, a passivating layer that protects the steel from oxidation and chemical attack. In that case, however, the etching attack on the substrate is inhibited or completely prevented, and no separation layer is formed because no iron can be dissolved out of the substrate.
- Coating of steel blanks with a chromium content of significantly more than 10% by weight resulted in aqueous oxalate compositions containing, for example, sodium chloride.
- the table illustrates the strong dependence of cold workability and quality of cold working on the presence and quality of the oxalate layer.
- Gardomer ® based on organic polymer / copolymer was used, which is excellently suited for cold forming as a lubricant layer and has a very broad performance.
- the pickling attack is so strong that it removes the passivating layer on the high chromium steel, so that the pickling, the coating weight and the ratio BA to SG are in a suitable thickness; This forms a good oxalate layer which allows good cold working.
- phosphating is still the usual treatment for forming a separating layer.
- phosphating has the significant disadvantage that it contains phosphate for the material properties of critical components in which, for example, exact material properties are set by heat treatment.
- phosphorus diffuses in a heat treatment of the metallic surface in the steel structure and the phosphorus content damages the properties of such Steels, in particular by delta-ferrite formation, susceptibility to impact and embrittlement.
- Phosphorus-induced embrittlement makes critical components unusable, as their impact strength, brittleness, etc. are impaired.
- Phosphorus increases the sensitivity to temper embrittlement even at very low levels and leads to cold brittleness and brittle fracture tendency. Therefore, critical components such as screws and other fasteners must be cleaned very carefully and laboriously after phosphating. A residual phosphate content can almost not be avoided. A metallographically detectable phosphorus content is not permitted according to EN ISO 898. Therefore, it would be beneficial to use a phosphate-free treatment method to prepare for cold working, but this is not known in the prior art when considered in detail. Even contact of these steels with sulfur significantly affects the material properties. For these steels which can be used according to the invention, the expert applicant is not aware of a low-metal-poor and, at the same time, largely environmentally friendly method of preparation for cold forming.
- DE 976692 B teaches the use of oxalating solutions containing from 1 to 200 g / L oxalic acid, from 0.2 to 50 g / L iron chlorides, from 5 to 50 g / L phosphate calculated as P2O 5 and optionally Cr or Ni -Salt.
- No. 2,550,660 describes the addition of oxygen-containing sulfur compounds such as sodium thiosulfate and halogen compounds such as sodium chloride and ammonium bifluoride, which increase the attack of oxalic acid solutions on stainless steels and therefore form oxalate layers with lower activator contents.
- oxygen-containing sulfur compounds such as sodium thiosulfate and halogen compounds such as sodium chloride and ammonium bifluoride
- the oxalating of metallic surfaces is also known for the purposes of corrosion protection and optionally also for improving the adhesion of the paint.
- the oxalate layers have proven to be so low in corrosion protection and in comparison to zinc phosphate layers that they are so low in corrosion protection and adhesion that they have not been oxalated for decades for the purpose of corrosion protection.
- the only exception is to form the separation layer for the cold forming of corrosion-resistant steels with significantly more than 10 wt .-% chromium content.
- Oxalating allows the formation of a completely phosphate-free separating layer without the use of environmentally unfriendly heavy metals.
- Iron and zinc are not classified as environmentally unfriendly in the sense of this application Cations and heavy metals considered.
- Iron or zinc compounds are not considered as environmentally unfriendly heavy metal compounds in the context of this application.
- the use of oxala- tion according to the prior art due to the halogen or / and sulfur compounds used on non-corrosion resistant steels with a chromium content of less than 10 wt .-% to undesirable corrosion and very poorly adherent layers, which are not suitable for cold forming because they have no reliably working during cold forming separation layer.
- the object was to propose methods for treating moldings with an iron or steel surface having a chromium content in the range from 0 to ⁇ 10% by weight in a conversion treatment before cold forming, in which essentially phosphate-free or completely free from phosphate work and in which the addition of environmentally unfriendly heavy metals can be dispensed with.
- the object is achieved with a method for treating shaped articles with a steel surface having a carbon content in the range of 0 to 2.06 wt .-% and with a chromium content in the range of 0 to ⁇ 10 wt .-% in particular before a cold forming, this steel surface may optionally also be galvanized or alloy-galvanized, which is characterized
- the aqueous acidic composition is / are prepared only with an approach consisting essentially of
- At least one thickening agent based on at least one compound of polyacrylamide, polyallylamine, polyethylene glycol, polysaccharide, polysiloxane, polyvinylamide and / or polyvinylamine, optionally from a pigment for the flowability of oxalic acid and optionally from at least one surfactant and
- the conversion layer is optionally dried, that the pickling of the aqueous acidic composition in the range of 1 to 6 g / m 2 is measured by gravimetric determination according to DIN EN ISO 3892,
- Range of 1, 5 to 15 g / m 2 is measured by gravimetric determination according to DIN EN ISO 3892,
- the ratio of pickling to coating weight BA: SG of the dried conversion layer is in the range of (0.30 to 0.75): 1, that the dried conversion layer forms a firmly adhering coating, and
- a lubricant layer to the conversion layer with a lubricant composition and drying the lubricant layer.
- a lubricant layer is optionally applied to the conversion layer with a lubricant composition and drying the lubricant layer.
- a lubricant layer is optionally applied to the conversion layer with a lubricant composition and drying the lubricant layer.
- a lubricant layer is optionally applied to the conversion layer with a lubricant composition and drying the lubricant layer.
- a steel material having a carbon content in the range of 0 to 2.06 wt. % and having a chromium content in the range of 0 or 0.001 to ⁇ 10 wt .-% used.
- the substrate it is preferable for the substrate to be a strip, sheet metal, slug, wire, wire bundle, more complicated shaped part, a sleeve, a profile, a tube, a blank, a disc, a rod, a rod and / or cylinder of a steel material before cold-forming is oxalated.
- the substrate may optionally have a zinc or zinc alloy layer.
- slugs are provided with a galvanizing or alloy galvanizing.
- the blanks to be formed are first heat treated to adjust the material properties, e.g. by soft annealing, so that they come in a good cold formable state.
- the surfaces of the cold-formed blanks or / and the surfaces of their metallic coated coating may be Cleaning with the aqueous Oxalatleiterszusammen stu be cleaned in at least one cleaning method, in principle, all cleaning methods are suitable for this purpose.
- the chemical and / or physical cleaning may include, above all, mechanical descaling, annealing, peeling, blasting, for example sandblasting, in particular alkaline cleaning and / or acid pickling.
- the chemical cleaning is carried out by degreasing with organic solvents, by cleaning with alkaline and / or acidic cleaners, with neutral cleaners, with acid pickling or / and by rinsing with water.
- Pickling and / or blasting is used above all for descaling the metallic surfaces.
- the cleaning of the metallic surfaces also at least one strong acid-resistant surfactant such as in particular at least one cationic surfactant such as a Laurylaminpolyethylenglykolether as Marlazin ® L 10 or / and a benzalkonium chloride such as Lutensit ® TC -KLC 50 is / are added to the oxalating composition according to the invention, so that during the oxalate treatment at least some cleaning or / and a cleaning and oxalating takes place in a one-pot process. For less dirty parts then the separate cleaning step can be omitted.
- at least one strong acid-resistant surfactant such as in particular at least one cationic surfactant such as a Laurylaminpolyethylenglykolether as Marlazin ® L 10 or / and a benzalkonium chloride such as Lutensit ® TC -KLC 50 is / are added to the oxalating composition according to the invention, so that during
- surfactant in the oxalating bath also has the advantages that it can be purified and oxalated simultaneously in a single bath and in a single process step, that the metallic surface is attacked more uniformly by the oxalic acid and can be coated better and more uniformly with the oxalate layer and that the attachment of sludge particles on the oxalate layer can be more prevented. All compositions which consist “essentially of” certain components can also “consist" of these components or “contain” these components.
- the aqueous conversion layer can be dried separately or first together with the subsequently applied lubricant layer, wherein the conversion layer in the latter variant can contain a residual water content during the application of the lubricant layer, in order to avoid a drying step and / or around the lubricant layer to a sufficiently adherent and still Apply wet conversion layer. It is particularly preferred that the oxalated substrates are coated in the wet-on-wet process with a lubricant layer.
- no heavy metal other than iron is intentionally added, and in particular, no environmentally unfriendly heavy metal is intentionally added.
- levels of iron, zinc, steel refining elements and / or alloying constituents and, optionally, small amounts of impurities of halogen compounds, phosphorus compounds and / or sulfur compounds from other baths and parts of the plant are formed in the bath to form the release layer introduced into the bath to form the separation layer at least from time to time in some systems.
- the solvent used is water, in particular as deionized water or as city water.
- the content of the aqueous oxalating composition in water is preferably 40 to 99.75% by weight of water.
- This composition or / and the bath will be / are only used with a batch consisting essentially of water, 2 to 500 g / L oxalic acid calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid and a) 0.01 to 20 g / L calculated on at least one guanidine-based accelerator as nitroguanidine or / and b) 0.01 to 20 g / L of at least one nitrate calculated as sodium nitrate and optionally at least one thickener based on at least one compound of polyacrylamide, polyallylamine, polyethylene glycol, polysaccharide, polysiloxane, polyvinyl amide or / and polyvinylamine in a content in the range of 0.01 to 50 g / L, optionally of a pigment for the flowability of oxalic acid in a
- a supplement is added, which consists essentially only or only of at least one of the components of the approach.
- oxalic acid is consumed the most here and is therefore usually in the first place to complete.
- water does not necessarily have to be added.
- the oxalic acid is hereby counted as completely dissolved oxalic acid, since the unit used is g / L.
- the oxalic acid is usually stably contained in water and in the entire bath up to the solubility limit at the respective temperature.
- Commercially available oxalic acid is often in the form of a coarse powder and then optionally finely ground before being added to the bath. It may be advantageous to add to the present in the form of powder oxalic acid a finely divided powder such as an oxidic or silicatic powder in particular with a mean powder grain size in the range of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ to avoid caking of the slightly hygroscopic powder and a To ensure flowability.
- the free-flowing oxalic acid has the advantages that the oxalic acid does not caking and is therefore easier to handle.
- the flowability is of great importance for the pumping and metering ability of the powder.
- the trickle This is ensured by the fact that a suitable fine-grained pigment encloses the constituents, in particular the oxalic acid, and prevents the coalescence of adjacent powder particles.
- a clumping of oxalic acid is significantly reduced or completely prevented.
- Clumped products can not be dosed and sometimes can not be used with automatic suction systems. Furthermore, the dissolution times of clumped products are much greater.
- the aqueous composition may contain 0.001 to 20 g / L of at least one inorganic or organic pigment, preferably pigment based on oxide, organic polymer or / and wax.
- inorganic or organic pigment preferably pigment based on oxide, organic polymer or / and wax.
- titanium oxide powders have proven particularly useful.
- oxalate contents of oxalic acid in the range from 0.5 to 400 g / l can generally be used well. However, especially high levels of oxalic acid are dissolved in water only at high temperatures. However, when using levels of the order of 1 g / L, the oxalic acid content of the aqueous composition is very short and often to be supplemented.
- the aqueous acidic composition for forming a conversion layer and / or the bath according to the present invention preferably has an oxalic acid content in the range of 5 to 400 g / L, 10 to 300 g / L, 15 to 200 g / L, 20 to 120 g / L, from 25 to 90 g / L, from 30 to 60 g / L or from 35 to 40 g / L, calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid C2H 2 O 4 .
- the dilution factor of an oxalic acid-containing concentrate to the bath may preferably be in the range of 1 to 20, being diluted with water.
- oxalating oxalic acid forms depending on the composition of the contacted metallic surfaces of the blanks due to the Togeizizizten metal ions in particular iron oxalate, Eisenoxalatdihydrat, zinc oxalate or / and Zinkoxalatdihydrat.
- At least one accelerator based on guanidine or / and at least one nitrate, including nitric acid calculated as NO3, can be used as the accelerator. Further accelerators are not required in this case and often do not make sense.
- nitrite is unstable in the presence of iron oxalate and forms troublesome nitrous gases.
- Chlorate is halogen-containing as accelerator.
- An m-nitrobenzenesulfonate such as the sodium salt SNBS, contains sulfur as an accelerator. Hydrogen peroxide reacts chemically with oxalic acid and does not act as an accelerator. Hydroxylamine compounds as accelerators are thought to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Thiosulfates as accelerators cause too much pickling attack, so that no oxalate layer is formed.
- guanidine-based accelerator a it is possible, for example, to add aceto guanidine, aminoguanidine, carbonatoguanidine, iminoguanidine, melanilinoguanidine, nitroguanidine, nitratoguanidine or / and ureidoguanidine.
- Aminoguanidine and nitroguanidine are particularly preferred.
- nitroguanidine may preferably also be used to reduce the impact sensitivity, a stabilizer such as e.g. contain a content as silicate. Due to a low concentration of nitroguanidine in the aqueous composition and optionally also of a stabilizer additive, an excessively rapid reaction of the nitroguanidine is reliably avoided.
- this stabilizer also acts as a biocide and / or as a thickener.
- nitrate-based accelerator for example, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid and many other organic and / or inorganic nitrates may be used, e.g. Ferric nitrate.
- nitrate, potassium nitrate and nitric acid particularly preferred are sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and nitric acid.
- guanidine compound When only a guanidine compound is used as the accelerator, a slightly increased consumption of this accelerator can often be observed. If only nitrate is used as the accelerator, then a slightly higher concentration of this accelerator should be chosen. If at least one Guanidine compound and at least one nitrate can be used as an accelerator, then often a significantly lower consumption of guanidine compound and at the same time a slightly lower consumption of nitrate can be observed.
- the aqueous acidic composition according to the invention for forming a conversion layer and / or the bath preferably have a total content of accelerators a) or / and b) in the range from 0.05 to 30 g / l, from 0.1 to 20 g / l From 0.2 to 12 g / L, from 0.25 to 10 g / L, from 0.3 to 8 g / L, from 0.35 to 6 g / L, from 0.4 to 4 g / L, from 0.45 to 3 g / L or from 0.5 to 2 g / L, calculated as the sum of the calculated contents based on nitroguanidine and sodium nitrate.
- accelerators a) or / and b) in the range from 0.05 to 30 g / l, from 0.1 to 20 g / l From 0.2 to 12 g / L, from 0.25 to 10 g / L, from 0.3 to 8 g / L, from 0.35 to 6 g / L
- the aqueous acidic composition according to the invention for forming a conversion layer and / or the bath preferably have a content of guanidine-containing accelerators a) in the range from 0.05 to 18 g / L, from 0.1 to 15 g / L, from 0, From 2 to 12 g / L, from 0.3 to 10 g / L, from 0.4 to 8 g / L, from 0.5 to 6 g / L, from 0.6 to 5 g / L, from 0, From 7 to 4 g / L, from 0.8 to 3 g / L, from 0.9 to 2.5 g / L or from 1 to 2 g / L, calculated as nitroguanidine CH 4 N 4 O 2 .
- the aqueous acidic composition according to the invention for forming a conversion layer and / or the bath preferably have a total content of nitrate-containing accelerators b) in the range from 0.05 to 18 g / L, from 0.1 to 15 g / L, from 0, From 2 to 12 g / L, from 0.25 to 10 g / L, from 0.3 to 8 g / L, from 0.35 to 6 g / L, from 0.4 to 4 g / L, from 0, 45 to 3 g / L or from 0.5 to 2 g / L, calculated as sodium nitrate NaNO3.
- the ratio of the concentrations in g / L of oxalic acid calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid to the totality of the accelerators a) and b) calculated as nitroguanidine and / or sodium nitrate, of which at least one accelerator is present, in the aqueous acidic composition to form a conversion layer or / and the bathroom is preferably located in the from 500: 1 to 2: 1, from 150: 1 to 5: 1, from 80: 1 to 8: 1, from 40: 1 to 10: 1 or from 20: 1 to 12: 1.
- the content of the at least one accelerator in the bath is too low or even absent, it may interfere with the formation of layers or even the elimination of the layer formation. If the content of the at least one accelerator in the bath is too high, an unnecessarily high consumption of accelerator (s) may occur.
- a thickening agent can help to adjust the viscosity of the bath, to influence the formation of the wet film and to reduce the corrosion of the surfaces of the blanks. If no thickener is used, the wet film formation can be significantly lower than with a thickener, and drying of the wet film can be faster than with a thickener. If the content of a thickening agent in the bath is too high, it may happen that the wet film only dries very slowly. The thickener should be stable in the bath. The thickener can be added both in the batch, as well as in the current bath operation.
- a viscosity of the bath is approximately in the range of 0.2 to 5 mPa-s measured at 20 ° C adjusted with a rotational viscometer.
- the thickening agent according to the invention is preferably a polysaccharide such as, for example, based on cellulose or xanthan or / and a polyethylene glycol, in particular a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in the range from 50 to 2000 or from 200 to 700.
- the at least one thickener in a content of 0 or in the range of 0.01 to 50 g / L in the aqueous acidic composition according to the invention for forming a conversion layer and / or used in the bath, more preferably in a content in the range of 0.1 to 50 g / L from 1 to 45 g / L, from 2 to 40 g / L, from 3 to 30 g / L, from 4 to 25 g / L or from 5 to 20 g / L, calculated as the total dissolved active substance or as a completely dissolved thickening agent in the bath.
- the treatment bath can be prepared with a liquid aqueous concentrate which is prepared by dissolving a predetermined amount of oxalic acid and optionally also by adding accelerator, pigment, surfactant or / and thickener in deionised water.
- the dilution factor for the dilution of a concentrate to the bath batch can be kept in the range of 1 to 100.
- the treatment bath with a powdery concentrate can be prepared by kneading, rubbing, mixing or / and trituration of powdery oxalic acid and optionally with the addition of nitrate dissolved in water, pigment for increasing the flowability, surfactant and / or thickening agent, for example in a kneader and / or mixer is produced.
- the factor for the dissolution of the concentrate in water to the bath batch can be kept in the range of 1 to 100.
- the treatment bath with a pasty concentrate can be prepared by mixing oxalic acid with water and optionally with the addition of at least one dissolved in water accelerator, pigment for increasing the flowability, surfactant o / / and thickening agents, for example in one Kneader and / or mixer is produced. It may have a water content of up to about 10% by weight.
- This concentrate can be adjusted to a pasty meterable and easily dissolvable product.
- the dilution factor for the dilution of this concentrate to the bath batch can be kept in the range of 1 to 100.
- the powdery concentrates are particularly advantageous in the production and in the transport.
- the highly concentrated paste has the advantage of being one-component and easy to handle.
- a pickling inhibitor such as a thiourea compound or tribenzylamine TBA were added to the oxalation compound, the pickle attack and film formation would be significantly lowered or even eliminated altogether. Therefore, in the process according to the invention, usually no small addition of a pickling inhibitor should be added, but the starting solution and the supplementary solutions should usually only consist of the components mentioned in the main claim.
- the pH of the aqueous acidic composition for forming the conversion layer is usually in the range of 0 to 3 or 0.2 to 2.
- the aqueous acid bath composition for forming a conversion layer as a release layer, the oxalate bath preferably has a total acid GS in the range of 3 to 870 points.
- the total acid is measured as follows:
- the acids are oxalic acid and optionally nitric acid. It is determined by the consumption of 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution using the indicator phenolphthalein diluted to 10 ml of oxalating composition with 50 ml of demineralized water. This consumption of 0.1 M NaOH in ml corresponds to the total acid score. If, in addition to oxalic acid, another acid occurs in the oxalating composition, the content of the further acid can be determined separately and subtracted from the total acidity determined in order to obtain the value GS based only on the oxalic acid.
- the content of total acid based on oxalic acid may preferably be in the range of from 3 to 900 points, from 8 to 800 points, from 12 to 600 points, from 20 to 400 points 30 to 200 points, from 40 to 100 points or from 50 to 70 points.
- the contact time of a metallic surface of a blank during dipping is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 30 minutes, in particular in the range from 1 to 20 minutes, from 1.5 to 15 minutes, from 2 to 10 minutes or from 3 to 5 minutes.
- the contact time of a metallic surface of a blank during spraying is preferably in the range from 1 to 90 s, in particular in the range from 5 to 60 s or from 10 to 30 s.
- the blanks are contacted by sprinkling, spraying or / and thawing at a temperature of 10 to 90 ° C with the Oxalat istszusammenam- composition.
- the bath temperature of the oxalate bath is preferably in the range of ambient temperature to about 90 ° C, that is about in the range of 10 to 90 ° C, in particular in the range of 25 to 80 ° C, from 40 to 70 ° C or from 50 to 65 ° C.
- the pickle removal BA is in this case often in the range of 1 to 6 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 1, 3 to 4.5 g / m 2 or from 1, 5 to 3 g / m 2 . It is determined by weighing dried coated substrates before and after coating. In this case, it may be desirable to set the lowest possible pickling removal, in order to also produce as little as possible sludge, in particular based on iron oxalate, which is to be disposed of. On the other hand, it may be advantageous to adjust the pickling removal to the substrate and plant conditions, so that, among other things, light scale residues are pickled on the substrate.
- the aqueous solution or dispersion of the bath prepared with the batch and optionally also with at least one supplement is preferably largely or completely difficult to add to the components added.
- metal-free, substantially or completely halogen-free, substantially or completely free of sulfur and largely or completely phosphate-free may occasionally contain up to about 0.001 g / L PO 4 .
- undesirable levels in small amounts or traces, especially of halogen, phosphorus, sulfur or / and especially environmentally unfriendly heavy metal compounds are of particular importance from previous baths, pipes and other parts of the system.
- iron and other elements such as the steel finishing elements and other alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, tungsten and zinc and / or their ions ,
- these elements or ions do not form precipitates that sink and form sludge but precipitate as oxalates.
- the precipitated oxalates and oxalate dihydrates form an easily removable sludge which is environmentally friendly compared to phosphates, and in comparison to phosphatings, the sludge is obtained in a smaller amount in oxalations than in phosphating.
- the bath can hold an iron content of up to 0.5 g / L or even up to about 1 g / L for a long time.
- the bath composition for oxalating or / and the oxalate layer consist essentially only of oxalic acid, guanidine compound, nitrate or / and derivatives thereof and optionally of pigment, surfactant or / and thickener and are / are largely or completely free from halogen Compounds, phosphorus compounds, sulfur compounds or / and heavy metals except iron and zinc.
- the starting solution and / or the supplementary solutions no compound based on aluminum, boron, halogens, copper, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, tungsten, other carboxylic acids in addition to oxalic acid, amine, nitrite or / and their Derivatives is / is added - optionally with the exception of polyallylamines and / or polyvinylamines as thickeners.
- the oxalate layer produced by the process according to the invention can be dried, optionally it is easy to dry it on or it can also be further wet-coated.
- drying with hot air of a temperature e.g. in the range of 80 to 120 ° C.
- the oxalated and optionally also coated with a lubricant layer substrates are in particular by Gleitssen such. during wire drawing or tube drawing, by cold forming, ironing, ironing, deep drawing, cold extrusion, thread rolling, tapping, pressing and / or cold heading cold formed.
- the metallic shaped bodies coated with an oxalate layer according to the invention are preferably dried before coating with a lubricant composition if the lubricant composition consists essentially of oil such as, for example, forming oil.
- a lubricant composition consists essentially of oil such as, for example, forming oil.
- the oxalate layer according to the invention contains predominantly or preferably consists essentially of iron (II) oxalate, iron (II) oxalate dihydrate or other oxalates. It preferably contains no halogen compounds, no phosphorus compounds and / or no sulfur compounds. Preferably, it contains only traces or no environmentally unfriendly heavy metals.
- the iron oxalates are usually crystalline.
- Figure 1 shows a typical example of a crystalline iron oxalate layer.
- the oxalate crystals often have a mean crystal size in the range of 3 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the oxalate layer usually looks light gray, greenish yellow and / or greenish gray.
- the dried conversion layer is closed at least 90 area percent or even at least 95 area percent and adheres as firmly as possible to the metallic surface.
- the closure can be roughly estimated from scanning electron micrographs, with higher resolution used to identify pores and access paths to the metallic surface.
- the layer weight of the dried oxalate layer is preferably in the range from 1.5 to 15 g / m 2 , in particular in the range from 3 to 12 g / m 2 , from 4 to 10 g / m 2 or from 5 to 7 g / m 2 .
- the ratio of pickling to coating weight BA: SG of the dried conversion layer is preferably in the range of (0.35 to 0.70): 1, from (0.36 to 0.55): 1 or from (0.37 to 0, 45): 1.
- the layer thickness of the oxalate layer is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 6 ⁇ m, and in particular in the range from 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m, from 1 to 3 ⁇ m, from 1.5 to 2.5 ⁇ or about 2 ⁇ .
- the preferred oxalate layer thickness can vary somewhat depending on the type of molded article: In the case of more demanding shaped articles or / and in the case of more demanding degrees of reshaping, it is preferably somewhat larger, ie for example about 4 ⁇ m instead of about 2 ⁇ m.
- the lubricant composition can be composed very differently. It can be composed, for example, on the following basis:
- Oil e.g. Mineral oil, animal or / and vegetative oil, their derivatives and / or their distillates and containing in each case at least one boron compound, a metasilicate, a hydrogen phosphate and / or lime, in particular for wires and wire coils in wire drawing;
- a salt lubricant carrier composition containing alkali (s) and / or alkaline earth metal soap (s) and containing in each case at least one boron compound, a metasilicate, a hydrogen phosphate and / or lime, in particular for wires and wire coils in the wire drawing;
- a salt lubricant carrier composition containing organic polymer or / and copolymer and each containing at least one boron compound, a metasilicate, a hydrogen phosphate or / and lime and with or without a content of soap (s) based on Alkali and / or alkaline earth metals, in particular for wires and wire coils in wire drawing;
- Mineral oil animal or / and vegetative oil, their derivatives and / or their distillates and optionally with in each case at least one EP additive (extreme pressure), AW additive (anti-wear for protection against wear) and / or Vl-additive (viscosity index), in particular for wire drawing, cold massive forming, tube drawing and / or deep drawing;
- EP additive extreme pressure
- AW additive anti-wear for protection against wear
- Vl-additive viscosity index
- Solid lubricant such as e.g. Graphite, molybdenum disulfide or / and tungsten disulfide and optionally a content of at least one organic polymer, organic copolymer or / and wax, in particular for a cold massive forming;
- the lubricant compositions 6.) to 8.) are also suitable for heaviest cold forming.
- the lubricant layer is formed with a lubricant composition containing soap, oil or / and organic polymer and / or copolymer.
- the lubricant composition used in the process according to the invention contains a soap which chemically attacks the conversion layer.
- This chemical attack on the oxalate layer relates, in particular, to a significant attack or even to an attack of at least 15% by weight, based on the detachment or / and reaction of the oxalate layer which occurs in this process.
- This layer partially detached or / and partially in particular to iron hydroxide, iron stearate and / or oxalic acid is reacted.
- the metallic shaped bodies are preferably thoroughly dried after coating with the lubricant composition, in particular with warm air and / or radiant heat. This is often necessary because, as a rule, water contents in coatings interfere with cold forming, because otherwise the coating can be insufficiently formed and / or because a coating of inferior quality can be formed. Otherwise, vapor bubbles, surface defects or deformation defects can occur. This can generally also occur rusting, which can be prevented or reduced with oxal lat slaughter as closely as possible closed and rapid further treatment with a lubricant composition such. based on or with a content of oil. It is recommended that the oxalate layer be rapidly, e.g. to dry with hot air, if longer lifetimes are to be expected until coating with a lubricant composition.
- the lubricant layer produced according to the invention preferably has, after drying, a layer thickness in the range from 0.01 to 40 ⁇ m, which is preferably made thinner or thicker depending on the type of lubricant composition.
- their average dry film thickness is preferably in the range from 0.03 to 30 ⁇ m, from 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m, from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, from 1 to 5 ⁇ m or from 1.5 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the average dry layer thickness of the lubricant layer increases, depending on which base composition is selected, the lubricant layers of the lubricant composition 5.) are usually the thinnest.
- the oxalate layers according to the invention can be thinner than the zinc phosphate layers of the prior art, so that less chemical consumption occurs despite the same cold working performance significantly reduces operating costs.
- the oxalate layers according to the invention are phosphate-free.
- the sludges and effluents of the oxalation process according to the invention are hardly or not contaminated with environmentally unfriendly heavy metals, environmentally unfriendly phosphates and / or environmentally unfriendly additives, so that a simpler and significantly less expensive preparation compared to zinc phosphating and also for oxalating according to the state of the art Disposal of sludge and wastewater is possible.
- the oxalated and possibly also coated with a lubricant layer blanks can in particular by pressing, Kaltmassivum- forming, pressing, punching, upsetting, rolling or / and drawing cold-formed.
- the cold-worked substrates may be used as structural or connecting elements, as sheets, wires, wire coils, more complicated shaped articles, sleeves, profile elements, tubular elements, e.g. be used as welded seamless tubes, cylinders and / or as components in particular in power engineering, vehicle construction, equipment or mechanical engineering.
- Particularly advantageous in the process according to the invention are the complete or extensive freedom from environmentally unfriendly heavy metals and from phosphorus, halogen and sulfur compounds.
- Particularly advantageous in the method according to the invention are the simple bath management and much easier control and regulation of the bath and the layer quality by checking the temperature, treatment time and acidity by GS points Therefore, the inventive method is much simpler than, for example, zinc phosphating.
- the accumulation of sludge and its complete or extensive freedom from environmentally unfriendly heavy metals and other environmentally unfriendly compounds are also particularly advantageous in comparison to phosphating. Therefore, the disposal costs for sludge and contaminated water is significantly lower and requires significantly less effort and significantly lower costs.
- the treatment bath was prepared using a liquid aqueous concentrate which was prepared by dissolving a predetermined amount of oxalic acid and if appropriate also by adding accelerator, pigment, surfactant or / and thickener in deionised water.
- the dilution factor for the dilution of a concentrate to the Badanthesis was in the range of 1 to 3.
- the treatment bath was prepared with a powdery concentrate by rubbing, mixing or / and trituration of powdery oxalic acid and optionally with the addition of water dissolved nitrate, pigment such as titanium dioxide powder of about 2 ⁇ average particle size for increasing the flowability, surfactant and / or thickening agent was prepared in a compulsory mixer.
- the powdery concentrate did not have to be dried and was of high flowability.
- the factor for the dissolution of the concentrate in water to bath batch was about 1 to 3.
- a non-free-flowing oxalic acid powder in a kneader with the titanium dioxide triturated to produce a durable free-flowing product was not have to be dried and was of high flowability.
- the factor for the dissolution of the concentrate in water to bath batch was about 1 to 3.
- a non-free-flowing oxalic acid powder in a kneader with the titanium dioxide triturated to produce a durable free-flowing product was produced.
- a pasty concentrate was prepared by reacting oxalic acid with water, with an accelerator dissolved in water and optionally with pigment such as e.g. was prepared with a stabilized with particles with layer structure suspension, surfactant and / or thickener in a compulsory mixer. This meterable highly concentrated one-component pasty mixture was diluted in dilutions up to a factor of 20 to a bath batch.
- the substrates used for oxalating and for cold forming were:
- the steel material also results from the substrate types.
- aqueous detergent solution Gardo- clean ® 351 a phosphate-free highly alkaline cleaners of Chemetall GmbH, cleaned from 50 g / L at 90 ° C for 10 min. Thereafter, the cleaned substrates were rinsed with cold city water for one minute before being oxalated without prior drying.
- aqueous solutions or dispersions having the compositions of city water listed in the tables were prepared using concentrates from various above-mentioned test series. If necessary, a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 400 was used as thickener 1. Alternatively, was added as a thickener 2 Rhodopol ® 23, a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide.
- Cold forming of the sheets coated and dried with the release liner or with the release liner and with the lubricant layer was accomplished by deep drawing in a laboratory cupping mill with a Erichsen Model 142-20 Universal Sheet Metal Testing Machine with a punching force of up to 200 kN not preheated blanks at room temperature.
- the cold forming of the slices coated and dried with the separating layer and with the lubricant layer and dried was carried out with a 300 t press from the company May at 180 t over 300 ms for one step on non-preheated blanks at room temperature by full forward backward extrusion.
- Cold forming has proven to be very good here when the oxalate layer has a layer weight of about 5 to 7 g / m 2 and the organic polymer based lubricant layer has a layer weight of about 1.5 g / m 2 and if the oxalate layer largely closed, evenly and adherently connected to the substrate.
- Cold forming has proved to be good when the oxalate layer has a coating weight of about 3 to 4 g / m 2 and the lubricant layer based on organic polymer, a coating weight of about 2.5 g / m 2 lubricant layer and if the oxalate adherent with connected to the substrate.
- Ratio BA / SG% 132 100 45.3 71, 4 40.7 37.3 36.8
- the oxalate layer was inadequately closed, exhibited clearly visible uncoated spots even with the naked eye, or if it was very inhomogeneous, it was at least considered poor.
- Table 5 Layer quality as a function of different accelerators.
- accelerators according to the invention good oxalate layers were produced, with other accelerators rather bad layers. If the oxalate layer quality was only sufficient, the layer was slightly coarser or not well closed.
- Table 7 Examples of different blanks, with different thickeners and drawing soap instead of polymer-based lubricant composition
- the oxalate layers according to the invention have surface properties which are particularly suitable for lubricant application and for cold forming.
- Oxalat für a layer has been found that is adherent to the substrate and is sufficiently thick and usually at least 1 ⁇ thick, if still a lubricant layer is applied before cold forming, or usually at least 2 ⁇ is thick, if after no lubricant layer is applied before cold forming.
- a less good layer has been found to be an oxalate layer which has inadequate adhesion and / or insufficiently closed layer on the substrate.
- Insufficiently closed oxalate layers with a ⁇ 90% cohesion degree may result in cold work forming of blank and tool, increased wear, scoring, and similar defects in reshaped bodies.
- the oxalate layer showed less adhesion when the thickness was too small and the coating weight too low.
- a thickness of the oxalate layer measured as a layer weight of about 1 g / m 2 is usually sufficient if the oxalate layer is sufficiently closed and rests sufficiently firmly on the metallic substrate.
- the oxalate layer has a layer weight of at least 2 g / m 2 . Therefore, the performance of the oxalate layer during cold forming is more important than the thickness of the oxalate layer. Their performance becomes apparent only during the forming process. The tests show very clearly that the quality of the cold forming depends above all on the quality of the oxalate layer and thus on the sufficient integrity, adhesion and thickness of the oxalate layer.
- the lubricant layer based on organic polymer or / and copolymer is of high performance and ruggedness in cold working.
- the lubricant layer based on drawing soap showed also in other, not shown in detail here experiments a very good performance in cold forming.
- nitroguanidine acts as an accelerator, but not as a pickling inhibitor.
- it In contrast to alkali, manganese and zinc phosphating, it apparently has an oxidizing effect and accelerates the formation of the oxalate layer.
- it behaves differently in oxalating than in phosphating and consumes unusually strong during oxalate- ment, whereas no consumption of this accelerator was found during phosphatisation.
- gas bubbles ascending frequently were visible over about 5 to 10 minutes, so that the gas time can be determined via the gases. It has been found that by the end of the gas time, that is the time of contact of the metallic surfaces with the acidic oxalating composition in oxalating, that the oxalate layer is substantially closed and well formed.
- nitroguanidine acts not as a pickling inhibitor, but as an accelerator and that the addition of a pickling inhibitor to the aqueous composition according to the invention is not required.
- nitrate With regard to the addition of nitrate, it was found during the experiments that this accelerator enables co-acceleration with nitroguanidine. This system is much more fuel efficient, but offers all the advantages. Bezüg- In addition, nitrate content was shown in experiments that the use of high levels of nitrate alone results in somewhat thicker layers and slightly reduced adhesion. Suitable layer qualities were only obtained by combination with nitroguanidine. With regard to the combination of nitrate and nitroguanidine, it was found that a ratio of about 0.4 g / L nitroguanidine to 2 g / L nitrate enables particularly good xalate layers and at the same time reduces consumption.
- a layer formation with the aqueous composition according to the invention is possible over the entire temperature range from 10 to 90 ° C., but a higher layer thickness is formed at a higher temperature under otherwise identical conditions such as the same concentration and the same contact time becomes.
- the coating weight increases with the temperature of the bath and may also depend on sufficient accelerator being present.
- the tests showed that it should be approximately in the range of 30 to 75%.
- the adhesion of the oxalate layers on the metallic substrate it was found in the tests that the adhesion strength is positively influenced by a suitable ratio of pickling to layer build-up and can also be adversely affected by unsuitable accelerators or their too low or too high concentration.
- the formation of sludge it was found in the tests that significantly less sludge is formed than in the case of comparable phosphatization. The Schlannnnaise depends heavily on the pickling attack.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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CN201480069242.4A CN105940144A (zh) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | 制备用于冷成型的金属成型体的方法 |
US15/029,450 US10392705B2 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Method for preparing shaped metal bodies for cold working |
CN202110475493.4A CN113278957B (zh) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | 制备用于冷成型的金属成型体的方法 |
EP14784475.7A EP3058116B1 (de) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Verfahren zur vorbereitung von metallischen formkörpern für die kaltumformung |
MX2016004805A MX2016004805A (es) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Metodo para preparar cuerpos de metal formados para la formacion en frio. |
ES14784475T ES2884814T3 (es) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Procedimiento para la preparación de cuerpos moldeados metálicos para la conformación en frío |
BR112016008260-5A BR112016008260B1 (pt) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Método para preparação de corpos metálicos moldados para encruamento |
CA2926737A CA2926737C (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Method for preparing shaped metal bodies for cold forming |
RU2016118792A RU2696628C2 (ru) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Способ подготовки металлических формованных изделий для холодного формования |
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EP (1) | EP3058116B1 (de) |
CN (2) | CN113278957B (de) |
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ES (1) | ES2884814T3 (de) |
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WO2020165035A1 (de) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-20 | Chemetall Gmbh | Vereinfachtes verfahren zur vorbehandlung von metallischen substraten für die kaltumformung und reaktiver schmierstoff hierzu |
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US10266934B1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-04-23 | Sabre Communications Corporation | Selective coating to inhibit cracking from galvanizing |
DE102017121629A1 (de) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-21 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerbauteils sowie Lagerbauteil |
CN110863199A (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-06 | 湖南金裕环保科技有限公司 | 不锈钢表面活化剂、制备方法及应用 |
MX2022010395A (es) * | 2020-02-25 | 2022-09-07 | Chemetall Gmbh | Metodo de pretratamiento de una etapa de sustratos metalicos para el conformado en frio de metales. |
CN112683634B (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-11-25 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | 清晰显示冷轧态α+β型钛合金管材金相组织的腐蚀方法 |
CN114045481B (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-07-25 | 永胜机械工业(昆山)有限公司 | 一种钛复合钢板设备热处理前去除钛表面铁离子的方法 |
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2014
- 2014-10-16 RU RU2016118792A patent/RU2696628C2/ru active
- 2014-10-16 CN CN202110475493.4A patent/CN113278957B/zh active Active
- 2014-10-16 EP EP14784475.7A patent/EP3058116B1/de active Active
- 2014-10-16 CA CA2926737A patent/CA2926737C/en active Active
- 2014-10-16 ES ES14784475T patent/ES2884814T3/es active Active
- 2014-10-16 CN CN201480069242.4A patent/CN105940144A/zh active Pending
- 2014-10-16 US US15/029,450 patent/US10392705B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-16 BR BR112016008260-5A patent/BR112016008260B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-10-16 DE DE201410220976 patent/DE102014220976A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-16 MX MX2016004805A patent/MX2016004805A/es unknown
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/EP2014/072191 patent/WO2015055756A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-10-16 TW TW103135765A patent/TW201525194A/zh unknown
- 2014-10-17 AR ARP140103884A patent/AR098079A1/es unknown
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EP3109340A3 (de) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-04-12 | Richard Bergner Verbindungstechnik GmbH & Co.KG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbindungselements sowie verbindungselement |
US10871181B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2020-12-22 | Richard Bergner Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing a connecting element as well as connecting element |
WO2020165035A1 (de) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-20 | Chemetall Gmbh | Vereinfachtes verfahren zur vorbehandlung von metallischen substraten für die kaltumformung und reaktiver schmierstoff hierzu |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112016008260A2 (de) | 2017-08-01 |
CN105940144A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
TW201525194A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
RU2016118792A (ru) | 2017-11-21 |
DE102014220976A1 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
CN113278957B (zh) | 2024-04-16 |
BR112016008260B1 (pt) | 2022-01-11 |
CA2926737C (en) | 2022-10-04 |
US20160265116A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
AR098079A1 (es) | 2016-04-27 |
MX2016004805A (es) | 2016-06-24 |
US10392705B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
ES2884814T3 (es) | 2021-12-13 |
RU2696628C2 (ru) | 2019-08-05 |
CA2926737A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
EP3058116B1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
RU2016118792A3 (de) | 2018-07-31 |
EP3058116A1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
CN113278957A (zh) | 2021-08-20 |
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