WO2015045660A1 - 蓄電装置、蓄電制御装置および蓄電制御方法 - Google Patents
蓄電装置、蓄電制御装置および蓄電制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045660A1 WO2015045660A1 PCT/JP2014/071266 JP2014071266W WO2015045660A1 WO 2015045660 A1 WO2015045660 A1 WO 2015045660A1 JP 2014071266 W JP2014071266 W JP 2014071266W WO 2015045660 A1 WO2015045660 A1 WO 2015045660A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power storage device, a power storage control device, and a power storage control method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a power storage device that stores electricity in a cell, a power storage control device, and a power storage control method.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an inter-battery voltage equalization circuit that boosts the terminal voltage of a capacitor with the voltage of a boosting element in which charges are accumulated and transfers the charge to a secondary battery.
- the present disclosure provides a power storage device, a power storage control device, and a power storage control method that suppress a burden on the cell when equalizing the cell voltage.
- a power storage device includes a plurality of cells connected in series, a series resonance circuit including a reactor and a capacitor, and a power storage control device that controls a connection state between the cell and the series resonance circuit, The power storage control device transfers energy between the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit.
- the power storage control device includes the same number of cells as the first cells after connecting a first cell including at least one cell to the series resonant circuit, and has a total voltage compared to the first cell.
- a second cell having a relatively small value may be connected to the series resonant circuit. In this case, the power storage control device may select a plurality of consecutive cells as the first cell and select the same number of consecutive cells as the first cell as the second cell.
- the power storage control device disconnects the first cell from the series resonance circuit when the direction of the current flowing through the series resonance circuit changes after the first cell is connected to the series resonance circuit. You may let them.
- the power storage control device removes the second cell from the series resonance circuit when the direction of the current flowing through the series resonance circuit changes after the second cell is connected to the series resonance circuit. It may be cut.
- the power storage control device maintains a state in which all the cells are disconnected from the series resonance circuit. In the set period, it may be determined whether or not to transfer energy based on the voltage of the cell.
- the series resonance circuit may include a resistor, and the power storage control device may detect a direction of a current flowing through the series resonance circuit based on a potential difference between both ends of the resistor.
- the power storage control device may switch connection between the series resonance circuit and the cell at a resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit.
- the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit may be a frequency when the imaginary component in the Cole-Cole plot of the internal impedance of the cell measured by the alternating current impedance method becomes zero.
- the power storage control device may include a cell having a maximum voltage in the first cell. In this case, the power storage control device may include a cell having a minimum voltage in the second cell.
- the power storage device further includes a switch for connecting or disconnecting the cell and the series resonant circuit, and the power storage control device controls a connection state between the cell and the series resonant circuit by controlling an operation of the switch.
- the cell may have a discharge characteristic in which a voltage change in a series of sections over 50% or more of sections with a charging rate of 0% to 100% is 0.25 V or less.
- the power storage control device according to the present disclosure is configured to control a connection state between a plurality of cells connected in series and a series resonance circuit including a reactor and a capacitor, and transfers energy between the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit. It is something to be made.
- the power storage control method controls a connection state between a plurality of cells connected in series and a series resonance circuit including a reactor and a capacitor by a control device, and energy is transmitted between the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit. Give and receive.
- A shows the connection state of two cells and a series resonance circuit
- B is the said 2
- It is a figure which shows the connection state to the series resonance circuit by one of one cell and another one cell.
- It is a figure which shows typically the structural example of the electrical storage apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this indication.
- It is a figure which shows typically the structural example of the electrical storage control apparatus in the electrical storage apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this indication.
- 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a time chart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure, in which A indicates a current flowing in the series resonance circuit, B indicates a cell voltage, and C indicates a first switch The open / close state is shown, and D is a time chart showing the open / close state of the second switch. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the resonance current direction detection part in the electrical storage apparatus of the 1st modification of 3rd Embodiment of this indication. 14 is a time chart illustrating an operation example of a resonance current direction detection unit in the power storage device of the first modification example of the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- A is the resonance current flowing in the series resonance circuit
- B is the output of the first comparator
- C is the output of the second comparator
- D is the output of the first D-type flip-flop
- E is the first 2 indicates the output of the D-type flip-flop
- F indicates the output of the first AND circuit
- G indicates the output of the second AND circuit.
- 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a time chart which shows the operation example of the electrical storage apparatus of the 1st modification of 4th Embodiment of this indication, A shows the resonance current which flows into a series resonance circuit, B shows the open / close state of a 1st switch C is a time chart showing the open / closed state of the second switch.
- FIG 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device according to the first modification example of the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a figure which shows typically the example of a part of structure in the electrical storage apparatus of 5th Embodiment of this indication. It is a figure which shows the electrical storage apparatus of 5th Embodiment of this indication as an equivalent circuit. It is a figure which shows typically the example of a one part structure in the electrical storage apparatus of the 1st modification of 5th Embodiment of this indication. It is a figure which shows typically the example of a part of structure in the electrical storage apparatus of the 2nd modification of the 5th Embodiment of this indication.
- FIG 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a Cole-Cole plot figure for demonstrating the structural example of the electrical storage apparatus of 7th Embodiment of this indication. It is a Cole-Cole plot figure for demonstrating the structural example of the electrical storage apparatus of the 1st modification of 7th Embodiment of this indication. It is a discharge curve figure of a cell for explaining an example of composition of an electrical storage device of an 8th embodiment of this indication.
- Second modification of the first embodiment (an example of a power storage device that transfers energy between a group of cells with the same number of overlapping cells) 4).
- Second embodiment (an example of a power storage device that transfers energy between a first cell having a relatively high voltage and a second cell having a relatively low voltage) 5.
- First modification of second embodiment (an example of a power storage device that transfers energy between a first cell including a plurality of cells and a second cell including the same number of cells as the first cells) 6).
- Third embodiment (an example of a power storage device that switches connection between a cell and a series resonant circuit in response to a current of 0 A) 7).
- First modification of third embodiment (an example of a power storage device that switches connection between a cell and a series resonant circuit in accordance with a change in the direction of current) 8).
- Fourth Embodiment (All cells were disconnected from the series resonant circuit for a period set between the disconnection of the second cell from the series resonant circuit and the connection to the series resonant circuit of the next first cell.
- Example of power storage device that maintains state) 9.
- First modification of the fourth embodiment (all cells in series resonance during a period set between disconnection of the first cell from the series resonance circuit and connection to the series resonance circuit of the second cell)
- Fifth embodiment (an example of a power storage device in which a series resonance circuit includes a resistor) 11.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view schematically showing a configuration example of a power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the power storage device 100 includes a plurality of cells 110 a and 110 b, a series resonance circuit 120, and a power storage control device 130.
- Cells 110a and 110b As shown in FIG. 1, the cells 110a and 110b are connected in series. Each of the cells 110a and 110b can be charged and discharged. That is, each of the cells 110a and 110b accumulates a charging current supplied from a charging device (not shown) as a charge when charging, and a load (not shown) using the accumulated charge as a discharging current when discharging. Can be supplied to.
- a charging device not shown
- a load not shown
- the number of cells 110a and 110b is not limited to two as shown in FIG.
- Each cell 110a, 110b may be comprised by the same standard, or may be comprised by another standard.
- Each of the cells 110a and 110b may be either a single battery or an assembled battery. When the cells 110a and 110b are assembled batteries, the connections in the assembled batteries may be in series or in parallel or both. More preferable modes of the cells 110a and 110b are described in ⁇ 16. Eighth Embodiment> The description will be given.
- the series resonant circuit 120 includes a reactor 121 and a capacitor 122. Reactor 121 and capacitor 122 are connected in series.
- the self-inductance [H] of the reactor 121 and the capacitance [F] of the capacitor 122 are not limited.
- a more preferable embodiment of the series resonance circuit 120 will be described in ⁇ 14. ⁇ Seventh Embodiment>
- the power storage control device 130 controls the electrical connection state between the cells 110 a and 110 b and the series resonance circuit 120.
- a connection state between the cells 110 a and 110 b formed by the control of the power storage control device 130 and the series resonant circuit 120 is schematically shown by a bidirectional arrow A.
- the configuration in which the power storage control device 130 controls the connection state is schematically indicated by a broken line in the drawing.
- FIG. 1A shows a state where one cell 110a and the series resonance circuit 120 are connected, and the other one cell 110b and the series resonance circuit 120 are disconnected.
- FIG. 1B shows a state in which one cell 110a and the series resonance circuit 120 are disconnected, and another one cell 110b and the series resonance circuit 120 are connected.
- the power storage control device 130 transfers energy between the same number of cells. It has a configuration. Specifically, for example, the power storage control device 130 selectively forms the connection state illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B to transfer energy between the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit 120.
- energy is transferred between the same number of cells by transferring energy from n (where n is an arbitrary natural number) cell to the series resonance circuit and transferring the energy to the series resonance circuit.
- n where n is an arbitrary natural number
- energy transfer between the same number of cells in the present disclosure is performed by selectively connecting n power supply side cells and n power reception side cells to the series resonance circuit.
- the energy transfer between the same number of cells in the present disclosure is a power storage that does not correspond to either the same number of cells or the series resonance circuit, such as a cell other than the same number of cells or a capacitor other than a capacitor of the series resonance circuit. There is no transfer of energy with the element.
- the power storage control device 130 controls the connection state between the cells 110a and 110b and the series resonance circuit 120 by electrically controlling an electronic device or the like that connects or disconnects the cells 110a and 110b and the series resonance circuit 120. Also good.
- the electronic apparatus may include a switching device or the like.
- the power storage control device 130 may be configured by an electronic device or the like.
- the electronic device may include an arithmetic processing device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro-Processing Unit) and a storage device such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a ROM (Read Only Memory).
- the ROM may store a program for realizing the function of the power storage control device 130, that is, a program or data for causing the computer to function as the power storage control device 130.
- the arithmetic processing unit may realize the function of the power storage control device 130 by executing a program stored in the ROM.
- the RAM may be used as a work area for the arithmetic processing unit. However, it is not limited to such a configuration.
- connection state between the cells 110a and 110b and the series resonant circuit 120 is controlled as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B by the power storage control device 130, so that the cells 110a and 110b are selectively used as the series resonant circuit 120.
- the cells 110a and 110b connected to the series resonance circuit 120 transfer energy to and from the series resonance circuit 120 by exchanging current. As a result, energy is transferred between the cells 110a and 110b via the series resonant circuit 120.
- the energy held by one cell 110a is larger than the energy held by another cell 110b, the energy is supplied from the cell 110a to the cell 110b via the series resonance circuit 120. After the energy is supplied, the energy variation between the cells 110a and 110b is reduced or eliminated.
- the power storage control device 130 performs the cell operation under the condition that the potential difference between the same number of cells, that is, between one cell 110a and another cell 110b is small. Energy can be exchanged with a small amount of current. If the series resonant circuit 120 is boosted by a boosting element, it is difficult to transfer energy with a small current. In addition, since energy can be exchanged via the series resonant circuit 120, the voltage equalization processing speed can be increased compared with the case where only the capacitor is used, and the short circuit of the cell can be prevented as compared with the case where only the reactor is used. High ability. That is, according to the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment, the burden on the cell 110 is small, and an efficient and safe voltage equalization process, that is, an active cell balance process can be performed.
- FIG. 2 is an overall view schematically showing the configuration of the power storage device 100 of the first modification example of the present embodiment.
- the power storage device 100 of this modification is different from the power storage device 100 of FIG. 1 in the arrangement of cells and the connection state between the cells formed by the power storage control device 130 and the series resonance circuit 120.
- the differences will be described in detail.
- the power storage device 100 of the present modification includes four cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d connected in series.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a connection state between the cells 110 a to 110 d formed by the control of the power storage control device 130 and the series resonance circuit 120.
- FIG. 2A shows a state in which two cells 110a and 110b are connected to the series resonant circuit 120.
- FIG. 2A shows a state in which the other two cells 110c and 110d are disconnected from the series resonance circuit 120.
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which the two cells 110 a and 110 b connected to the series resonant circuit 120 in FIG. 2A are disconnected from the series resonant circuit 120.
- 2B shows a state in which the two cells 110c and 110d that have been disconnected from the series resonant circuit 120 in FIG. 2A are connected to the series resonant circuit 120.
- the power storage control device 130 selectively forms a connection state as shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, thereby transferring energy between cell groups having the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit 120.
- Other configurations and operations are basically the same as those of the power storage device 100 of FIG.
- the same operational effects as those of the power storage device 100 of FIG. 1 can be obtained, and voltage can be evenly applied with a smaller current in which the potential difference is further relaxed by transferring energy between the cell groups. Can be processed. Furthermore, the degree of freedom of the mode of voltage equalization processing can be improved.
- FIG. 3 is an overall view schematically showing the configuration of the power storage device 100 of the second modification example of the present embodiment.
- the power storage device 100 of the present modification is different from the power storage device 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in the cell arrangement mode and the connection state between the cell formed by the power storage control device 130 and the series resonance circuit 120.
- the differences will be described in detail.
- the power storage device 100 of this modification includes three cells 110a, 110b, and 110c connected in series.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a connection state between the cells 110 a to 110 c selectively formed by the power storage control device 130 and the series resonant circuit 120.
- FIG. 3A shows a state where the two cells 110a and 110b and the series resonance circuit 120 are connected, and the other one cell 110c and the series resonance circuit 120 are disconnected.
- FIG. 3B shows a state where two cells 110b and 110c in a combination different from FIG. 3A are connected to the series resonance circuit 120, and the other one cell 110a and the series resonance circuit 120 are disconnected.
- one cell 110b is connected to the series resonance circuit 120 in any connection state.
- Such a case is also within the scope of the present disclosure because energy is transferred between the same number of cells such as the two cells 110a and 110b and another combination of the two cells 110b and 110c.
- Other configurations and operations are basically the same as those of the power storage device 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is an overall view schematically showing a configuration example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the configuration of the power storage control device 130 is specified with respect to the power storage device 100 of FIG. That is, the power storage control device 130 connects the first cell including at least one cell to the series resonant circuit 120, and then includes the same number of cells as the first cell and has a total voltage higher than that of the first cell. A relatively small second cell is connected to the series resonant circuit 120. As shown in FIG. 4, when the total number of cells 110a and 110b is two, there is one first cell and one second cell.
- the power storage device 100 includes switches 140a, 140b, and 140c. 140d and cell voltage detectors 150a and 150b.
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to control the connection state between the cells 110a and 110b and the series resonant circuit 120 by controlling the operation of the switches 140a to 140d.
- switches 140a to 140d As shown in FIG. 4, four switches 140a to 140d are provided corresponding to the cells 110a and 110b, respectively. Specifically, two switches 140a to 140d are arranged corresponding to each of the cells 110a and 110b, and are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of each of the cells 110a and 110b. Yes.
- one switch 140a is connected to the positive electrode of the cell 110a.
- the other switch 140b is connected to the negative electrode of the cell 110a.
- the other switch 140c is connected to the positive electrode of the cell 110b.
- the remaining one switch 140d is connected to the negative electrode of the cell 110b.
- one switch 140a is disposed on a connection line 161 that connects the positive electrode of the cell 110a and the first end 120a of the series resonant circuit 120.
- the switch 140a closes or opens the connection line 161 by being turned on or off in accordance with a switch control signal input from the power storage control device 130.
- Switch 140b is disposed on a connection line 162 that connects the negative electrode of the cell 110a and the second end 120b of the series resonant circuit 120. Switch 140 b opens and closes connection line 162 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- Another switch 140c is arranged on a connection line 163 that connects the positive electrode of the cell 110b and the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the connection line 163 is connected to another connection line 161 toward the first end 120a at the node N1.
- Switch 140 c opens and closes connection line 163 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- connection line 164 that connects the negative electrode of the cell 110b and the second end 120b of the series resonant circuit 120.
- the connection line 164 is connected to another connection line 162 toward the second end 120b at the node N2.
- Switch 140d opens and closes connection line 164 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- a switch connected to the positive electrode of the first cell is referred to as a first positive electrode side switch
- a switch connected to the negative electrode of the first cell is referred to as the first negative electrode.
- a switch connected to the positive electrode of the second cell is referred to as a second positive electrode side switch
- a switch connected to the negative electrode of the second cell is referred to as a second negative electrode side switch.
- the mode of the switches 140a to 140d is not limited.
- the switches 140a to 140d may be constituted by semiconductor elements or the like.
- the semiconductor element may be a transistor or the like.
- the transistor may be a field effect transistor or the like.
- the field effect transistor may be a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) or the like. By using a field effect transistor, power consumption can be suppressed.
- Cell voltage detectors 150a and 150b As shown in FIG. 4, the cell voltage detectors 150a and 150b are provided corresponding to the cells 110a and 110b, respectively. Each cell voltage detector 150a, 150b is connected in parallel to the corresponding cell 110a, 110b. Each cell voltage detection unit 150a, 150b detects the voltage of the corresponding cell 110a, 110b, that is, the terminal voltage, and outputs the detection result to the power storage control device 130 as cell voltage information. At this time, the cell voltage information may be output in such a manner that the cell corresponding to the cell voltage information can be specified on the power storage control device 130 side. For example, the cell voltage information may be output toward an input terminal for each of the cells 110a and 110b of the power storage control device 130, or may be associated with cell number information.
- the mode of the cell voltage detectors 150a and 150b is not limited, and various electronic devices that can detect the voltages of the cells 110a and 110b can be employed.
- the electronic device may include an integrated circuit or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the power storage control device 130 according to the present embodiment.
- the power storage control device 130 includes a cell voltage information acquisition unit 131 and a switch control unit 132.
- the cell voltage information acquisition unit 131 acquires the cell voltage information output from the cell voltage detection units 150a and 150b.
- the switch control unit 132 outputs a switch control signal corresponding to the cell voltage information acquired by the cell voltage information acquisition unit 131 to the switches 140a to 140d.
- the content of the switch control signal is to connect the second cell to the series resonant circuit 120 after connecting the first cell to the series resonant circuit 120.
- the switch control signal may be, for example, a gate voltage applied to the field effect transistor.
- the cell voltage information acquisition unit 131 and the switch control unit 132 may be realized by hardware, software, or both.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the operation example illustrated in FIG. 6 includes an embodiment of the power storage control method according to the present disclosure.
- any of the switches 140a to 140d is in an off state, that is, any of the cells 110a and 110b is disconnected from the series resonant circuit 120.
- the power storage control device 130 determines the first cell and the second cell based on the cell voltage information. For example, when the cell voltage information from the cell voltage detection unit 150a corresponding to the cell 110a indicates a voltage larger than the cell voltage information from the cell voltage detection unit 150a corresponding to the cell 110b, the power storage control device 130 The cell 110a is determined as the first cell. At the same time, the power storage control device 130 determines the cell 110b as the second cell.
- step 62 the power storage control device 130 turns on the first positive electrode side switch and the first negative electrode side switch corresponding to the first cell determined in step 61 (S61). Switch. On the other hand, the power storage control device 130 maintains the second positive electrode side switch and the second negative electrode side switch corresponding to the second cell determined in step 61 (S61) in the off state.
- the first cell is connected to the series resonance circuit 120 via the connection line closed by the first positive switch and the connection line closed by the first negative switch. Then, a current flows from the first cell to the series resonance circuit 120, and energy is transferred from the first cell to the series resonance circuit 120.
- step 63 the power storage control device 130 switches the first positive electrode side switch and the first negative electrode side switch that were turned on in step 62 (S62) to the off state.
- step 64 the power storage control device 130 turns on the second positive switch and the second negative switch corresponding to the second cell determined in step 61 (S61). Switch. At this time, the power storage control device 130 maintains the first positive switch and the first negative switch in the off state.
- step 65 the power storage control device 130 switches the second positive electrode side switch and the second negative electrode side switch switched to the on state in step 64 (S64) to the off state. Thereafter, the voltage equalization process is terminated, or the process returns to step 62 (S62) or step 64 (S64) as necessary.
- the second cell can receive energy from the series resonant circuit 120.
- Simple and appropriate voltage equalization processing is possible.
- the connection state between the cells 110a and 110b and the series resonant circuit 120 can be controlled with a simple configuration including the switches 140a to 140d.
- FIG. 7 is an overall view schematically showing the configuration of the power storage device 100 according to the first modification of the present embodiment.
- the power storage device 100 of this modification is different from the power storage device 100 of FIG. 4 in the arrangement of the cells and the connection state between the cell formed by the power storage control device 130 and the series resonance circuit 120.
- the differences will be described in detail.
- the power storage control device 130 connects a first cell including a plurality of cells to the series resonance circuit 120, and then performs a series resonance on a second cell including the same number of cells as the first cell.
- the circuit is connected to the circuit 120.
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to select a plurality of continuous cells as the first cell and to select the same number of continuous cells as the first cell as the second cell.
- the power storage control device 130 has a configuration in which a cell having the maximum voltage among the plurality of cells connected in series is included in the first cell and a cell having the minimum voltage is included in the second cell.
- the power storage device 100 includes two cells 110c and 110d and two cell voltage detection units 150c and 150d corresponding to the cells 110c and 110d, respectively, in the configuration of FIG. Have been added.
- four switches 140e, 140f, 140g, and 140h and four connection lines 165, 166, 167, and 168 are further added.
- the specific arrangement of the added configuration is as follows.
- the negative electrode of the cell 110c is connected to the positive electrode of the cell 110d.
- the positive electrode of the cell 110c is connected to the negative electrode of the cell 110b. That is, in this modification, four cells 110a to 110d are connected in series in the order of 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d from the positive terminal P to the negative terminal N of the entire cell.
- the cell voltage detectors 150c and 150d are connected in parallel to the corresponding cells 110c and 110d.
- the cell voltage detection units 150c and 150d detect the voltages of the corresponding cells 110c and 110d, and output the detection results to the power storage control device 130 as cell voltage information.
- the switch 140e is disposed on a connection line 165 that connects the positive electrode of the third cell 110c counting from the positive electrode terminal P and the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the connection line 165 is connected to another connection line 163 from the positive electrode of the second cell 110b toward the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120 at the node N3.
- Switch 140 e opens and closes connection line 165 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- the switch 140f is disposed on a connection line 166 that connects the negative electrode of the third cell 110c and the second end 120b of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the connection line 166 is connected to the other connection line 168 from the negative electrode of the fourth cell 110d toward the second end 120b of the series resonant circuit 120 at the node N4.
- the connection line 166 is connected to the other connection line 164 from the negative electrode of the second cell 110b toward the second end 120b of the series resonant circuit 120 at the node N5.
- Switch 140 f opens and closes connection line 166 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- the switch 140g is disposed on a connection line 167 that connects the positive electrode of the fourth cell 110d and the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the connection line 167 is connected to the other connection line 165 from the positive electrode of the third cell toward the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120 at the node N6.
- the switch 140g opens and closes the connection line 167 in accordance with a switch control signal input from the power storage control device 130.
- the switch 140h is disposed on a connection line 168 that connects the negative electrode of the fourth cell 110d and the second end 120b of the series resonant circuit 120.
- Switch 140 h opens and closes connection line 168 in accordance with a switch control signal input from power storage control device 130.
- the power storage control device 130 detects that the voltage of the first cell 110a is the maximum and the voltage of the third cell 110c is the minimum. It is assumed that all the switches 140a to 140h are in the off state.
- the power storage control device 130 determines the first cell 110a and the second cell 110b continuous thereto as the first cell. At the same time, the power storage control device 130 determines the third cell 110c and the fourth cell 110d continuous thereto as the second cell.
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switch 140a corresponding to the positive electrode of the first cell 110a, that is, the first positive electrode side switch to the ON state.
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switch 140d corresponding to the negative electrode of the second cell 110b, that is, the switch on the first negative electrode side to the ON state.
- the positive electrode of the first cell 110a is connected to the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120
- the negative electrode of the second cell 110b is connected to the second end 120b of the series resonance circuit 120. .
- energy is transferred toward the series resonant circuit 120 from the first cell composed of two cells 110a and 110b that are continuous or adjacent to each other.
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switches 140a and 140d to the off state. At this time, the energy transferred to the series resonance circuit 120 is held in the series resonance circuit 120.
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switch 140e corresponding to the positive electrode of the third cell 110c, that is, the switch on the second positive electrode side to the ON state.
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switch 140h corresponding to the negative electrode of the fourth cell 110d, that is, the switch on the second negative electrode side to the ON state.
- the positive electrode of the third cell 110c is connected to the first end 120a of the series resonance circuit 120
- the negative electrode of the fourth cell 110d is connected to the second end 120b of the series resonance circuit 120.
- energy is transferred from the series resonance circuit 120 toward the second cell including the two continuous cells 110c and 110d.
- the first cell, the second cell are selected while the cell having the maximum voltage is selected as the first cell and the cell having the minimum voltage is selected as the second cell to realize efficient energy transfer.
- this cell By making this cell a cell group, the potential difference between the power supply side cell and the power reception side cell can be more effectively reduced. Further, by adopting a configuration in which adjacent cells are selected as the first or second cell, wiring is simplified as compared with a configuration in which non-adjacent cells are selected as the first or second cell. be able to.
- FIG. 8 is an overall view schematically showing a configuration example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the switching timing of the connection between the cell and the series resonance circuit 120 is specified with respect to the power storage device 100 of FIG. Details will be described below.
- the power storage control device 130 removes the first cell from the series resonance circuit 120 when the current flowing through the series resonance circuit 120 becomes 0 A after the first cell is connected to the series resonance circuit 120. It is the structure made to cut
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to disconnect the second cell from the series resonance circuit 120 when the current flowing through the series resonance circuit 120 becomes 0 A after the second cell is connected to the series resonance circuit 120. It is.
- the power storage device 100 includes a resonance current detection unit 170 between the node N ⁇ b> 1 and the first end 120 a of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the resonance current detection unit 170 detects the resonance current flowing through the series resonance circuit 120 and outputs the detection result to the power storage control device 130 as current value information.
- the power storage control device 130 of the present embodiment has a current value information acquisition unit 133 added to the power storage control device 130 of FIG. 5.
- the current value information acquisition unit 133 acquires the current value information output from the resonance current detection unit 170.
- the switch control unit 132 outputs switch control signals corresponding to the cell voltage information acquired by the cell voltage information acquisition unit 131 and the current value information acquired by the current value information acquisition unit 133 to the switches 140a to 140d.
- the content of the switch control signal is to disconnect the cell connected to the series resonance circuit 120 at that time from the series resonance circuit 120 when the value of the current flowing through the series resonance circuit 120 becomes 0A.
- the current value information acquisition unit 133 may be embodied by hardware, software, or both.
- the operation of the power storage device 100 of this embodiment can be described as the operation of the equivalent circuit of the power storage device 100 shown in FIG.
- the first positive switch and the first negative switch corresponding to the first cell (Cell1) are represented as one switch SW1.
- the second positive electrode side switch and the second negative electrode side switch corresponding to the second cell (Cell2) are expressed as one switch SW2.
- the resonance current detector 170 detects the resonance current i from the first cell toward the series resonance circuit 120 in a state where the first cell is connected to the series resonance circuit 120, that is, in an ON state of the switch SW1.
- the resonance current detection unit 170 detects the resonance current i from the series resonance circuit 120 toward the second cell in a state where the second cell is connected to the series resonance circuit 120, that is, in an ON state of the switch SW2.
- FIG. 11 is a time chart of the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- the time chart of FIG. 11 shows an operation from time t1 when the resonance current i (see FIG. 11A) becomes 0A.
- the time t1 may be an operation start time.
- 0A is detected by the resonance current detection unit 170, and the power storage control device 130 switches the switch SW1 to the ON state as shown in FIG. 11C based on the detection result of the resonance current detection unit 170.
- the switch SW1 may be switched at the time t1 triggered by the determination of the first cell and the second cell.
- the terminal voltage Vin [V] in FIG. 10 becomes the voltage E1 [V] of the first cell, and the resonance current in the positive direction from the first cell toward the series resonance circuit 120. i flows. Thereby, the discharge from the first cell to the series resonance circuit 120 is performed.
- the amplitude of the resonance current i in the positive direction changes with time in a sinusoidal manner and reaches 0A at time t2 after reaching the positive peak value ipp (see FIG. 11A).
- the power storage control device 130 switches the switch SW1 to the off state and switches the switch SW2 to the on state.
- the switch SW2 When the switch SW2 is turned on, the terminal voltage Vin [V] becomes the voltage E2 [V] of the second cell, and the resonance current i whose direction is reversed flows from the series resonance circuit 120 into the second cell. . As a result, the second cell is charged from the series resonant circuit 120. The amplitude of the resonance current i in the reverse direction changes with time in a sinusoidal manner and reaches 0A at time t3 after reaching a negative peak value ipn (see FIG. 11A). At this time, when the resonance current detection unit 170 detects 0A again, the power storage control device 130 switches the switch SW2 to the off state, and switches the switch SW1 to the on state as necessary.
- the power storage control device 130 of the present modification disconnects the first cell from the series resonant circuit 120 when the direction of the current flowing through the series resonant circuit 120 changes after the first cell is connected to the series resonant circuit 120. It is the composition to make it.
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to disconnect the second cell from the series resonant circuit 120 when the direction of the current flowing through the series resonant circuit 120 changes after the second cell is connected to the series resonant circuit 120. It is.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the resonance current direction detection unit 180 provided in the power storage device 100 of the present modification.
- the resonance current direction detector 180 is roughly divided into a Hall element 181, first and second comparators 182, 183, first and second AND circuits 184 and 185, and first and second D-type flip-flops 186. , 187 and first and second NOT circuits 188, 189.
- the Hall element 181 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the first comparator 182 and the inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ) of the second comparator 183.
- the inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ) of the first comparator 182 and the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the second comparator 183 are grounded.
- the output terminal of the first comparator 182 is connected to the input terminal (D) of the first D-type flip-flop 186 and the input terminal of the first AND circuit 184.
- the output terminal of the second comparator 183 is connected to the input terminal (D) of the second D-type flip-flop 187 and the input terminal of the second AND circuit 185.
- the output terminal (Q) of the first D-type flip-flop 186 is connected to the input terminal of the first NOT circuit 188.
- the output terminal (Q) of the second D-type flip-flop 187 is connected to the input terminal of the second NOT circuit 189.
- the output terminal of the first NOT circuit 188 is connected to the input terminal of the first AND circuit 184.
- the output terminal of the second NOT circuit 189 is connected to the input terminal of the second AND circuit 185.
- the first and second D-type flip-flops 186 and 187 are configured to receive a clock signal CK having a frequency sufficiently higher than the resonance frequency of the resonance current.
- the resonance current i that is, the direction of the resonance current is changed from the reverse direction, that is, the direction from the series resonance circuit 120 to the cell, in the forward direction, that is, the direction from the cell to the series resonance circuit 120.
- the value of the resonance current i is switched from negative to positive.
- the first comparator 182 receives an electric signal corresponding to the positive resonance current i from the Hall element 181 so that the value of the non-inverting input terminal (+) becomes the value of the inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ). Higher than the value.
- the output of the first comparator 182 becomes “High” (H in FIG. 13), that is, “1”.
- the second comparator 183 receives the electrical signal corresponding to the resonance current i in the positive direction from the Hall element 181 so that the value of the non-inverting input terminal (+) becomes the value of the inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ). Lower than.
- the output of the second comparator 183 becomes “Low” (L in FIG. 13), that is, “0”.
- the input value of the clock signal is “Low” (not shown).
- the output Q of the first D-type flip-flop 186 in the previous state is held.
- the output of the first D-type flip-flop 186 (first D-type FF) becomes “Low”.
- the output Q of the second D-type flip-flop 187 in the previous state is held.
- the output of the second D-type flip-flop 187 (second D-type FF) becomes “High”.
- the first AND circuit 184 receives the output “High” of the first comparator 182 and the output “High” of the first NOT circuit 188 that negates the output of the first D-type flip-flop 186.
- the output of the first AND circuit 184 that is, the logical product becomes “High”.
- the second AND circuit 185 has an output “Low” of the second comparator 183 and an output “Low” of the second NOT circuit 189 that negates the output of the second D-type flip-flop 187. Entered. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13G, at time t1, the output of the second AND circuit 185 becomes “Low”.
- the resonance current direction detection unit 180 As described above, according to the resonance current direction detection unit 180, the fact that the current direction at the time t 1 is the positive direction indicates that the output “High” of the first AND circuit 184 and the output “ Detected by “Low”. Then, the resonance current direction detection unit 180 outputs the detection result to the power storage control device 130.
- the clock signal input to the first and second D-type flip-flops 186 and 187 changes from “Low” to “High”, although not shown. Switch.
- the output of the first D-type flip-flop 186 switches to “High” that is the input value of the D terminal.
- the output of the second D-type flip-flop 187 is switched to “Low” which is the input value of the D terminal.
- the output of the first AND circuit 184 switches to “Low”.
- the output of the second AND circuit 185 maintains “Low”.
- the direction of the resonance current i is switched from the normal direction to the reverse direction.
- the operation of the resonance current direction detection unit 180 is reversed between “High” and “Low” at time t1. That is, at time t3, the reverse direction of the current is detected by the output “Low” of the first AND circuit 184 and the output “High” of the second AND circuit 185.
- resonance current direction detection unit 180 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the operation example illustrated in FIG. 14 includes an embodiment of the power storage control method according to the present disclosure.
- step 141 (S141) and step 142 (S142) are executed between step 62 (S62) and step 63 (S63).
- step 143 (S143) to step 146 (S146) are executed after step 64 (S64).
- step 141 the direction of the resonance current i is detected by the resonance current direction detector 180.
- step 142 the power storage control device 130 determines whether i ⁇ 0, that is, whether the direction of the resonance current i has changed, based on the detection result in step 141 (S141).
- step 142 the process proceeds to step 63 (S63), and when a negative determination result is obtained, the process returns to step 141 (S141).
- step 143 the resonance current direction detector 180 detects the direction of the resonance current i.
- step 144 the power storage control device 130 determines whether i ⁇ 0, that is, whether the direction of the resonance current i has changed, based on the detection result in step 143 (S143).
- step 144 the process proceeds to step 145 (S145), and when a negative determination result is obtained, the process returns to step 143 (S143).
- step 145 the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not the voltage equalization process should be terminated. This determination may be based on, for example, whether or not an external control signal is input to the power storage control device 130 and whether or not the voltage difference between the first cell and the second cell is within a specified value. If a positive determination result is obtained in step 145 (S145), the process proceeds to step 65 (S65). If a negative determination result is obtained, the process proceeds to step 146 (S146).
- step 146 the power storage control device 130 switches the second positive electrode side switch and the second negative electrode side switch to the OFF state, and proceeds to step 62 (S62).
- the power storage device 100 of the present modification a simple method such as a change in the direction of current is performed at the timing at which the transfer of energy between the first cell or the second cell and the series resonant circuit 120 is considered complete. And the cell can be disconnected from the series resonant circuit 120. Thereby, it is possible to perform voltage equalization processing more quickly and at low cost.
- the resonance current direction detection unit 180 can quickly and accurately detect the direction of the resonance current.
- the power storage device 100 of this embodiment differs from the power storage device 100 of FIGS. 8 and 12 in the switching timing of the connection between the cell and the series resonance circuit 120. Details will be described below.
- any cell that is set for a set period (hereinafter referred to as a standby period) is disconnected from the series resonance circuit 120. It is the structure which holds.
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to determine whether or not to end the energy transfer, that is, the voltage equalization process, based on the cell voltage during the standby period.
- the mode of the standby period is not limited, and a time suitable for measuring the voltage of the cell and determining whether or not the voltage equalization process is appropriate may be set in the power storage control device 130.
- the waiting period may be changeable.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment as a time chart similar to FIG.
- the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not to end the voltage equalization process based on the detection result of the cell voltage. In the standby period T, since the resonance current i is 0 A, the cell voltage measured in the standby period T is an accurate value that is not affected by the internal impedance of the cell. If it is determined whether or not the voltage equalization process is finished based on such an accurate cell voltage, an appropriate determination result can be obtained. Note that if the power storage control device 130 determines that the voltage equalization processing should be terminated during the standby period T, the power storage control device 130 does not switch the switch SW1 on at time t4.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment as a flowchart.
- the flowchart of FIG. 16 differs from the flowchart of FIG. 14 in the processing after step 144 (S144). Specifically, in FIG. 16, after a positive determination result is obtained in step 144 (S144), step 65 (S65), step 161 (S161), and step 162 (S162) are sequentially executed.
- step 161 the power storage control device 130 waits for the next connection of the first cell to the series resonance circuit 120 for the standby period, and measures the cell voltage during this standby period.
- the cell voltage may be measured by the cell voltage detectors 150a and 150b shown in FIG.
- step 162 the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not the voltage equalization process should be terminated based on the measurement result of the cell voltage in step 161 (S161). If a positive determination result is obtained in step 162 (S162), the process is terminated. If a negative determination result is obtained, the process proceeds to step 62 (S62).
- the power storage device 100 of this embodiment differs from the power storage device 100 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 in the switching timing of connection between the cell and the series resonance circuit 120. Details will be described below.
- the power storage control device 130 of the present embodiment maintains the state in which any cell in the standby period is disconnected from the series resonant circuit 120, and during the standby period, In this configuration, the end of the voltage equalization process is determined.
- This standby period may also be set to be changeable with respect to the power storage control device 130.
- FIG. 17 is a time chart showing an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the switch SW2 is switched on at time t3 when the second standby period T2 has elapsed.
- the switch SW1 is turned on at time t5 when the first standby period T1 has elapsed.
- the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not to end the voltage equalization process based on the detection result of the cell voltage.
- the waiting periods T1 and T2 may be the same as each other or different from each other.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the flowchart of FIG. 18 differs from the flowchart of FIG. 16 in that step 181 (S181) and step 182 (S182) are executed between step 63 (S63) and step 64 (S64).
- step 181 the power storage control device 130 waits for the second standby period for the connection of the second cell to the series resonant circuit 120, and sets the cell voltage during the second standby period. taking measurement.
- step 182 the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not the voltage equalization process should be terminated based on the measurement result of the cell voltage in step 181 (S181). If a positive determination result is obtained in step 182 (S182), the process ends. If a negative determination result is obtained, the process proceeds to step 64 (S64).
- the power storage device 100 of this modification it is possible to increase the chances of accurately determining whether or not the voltage equalization process is finished.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the series resonance circuit 120 in the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the series resonance circuit 120 according to the present embodiment is different from the series resonance circuits 120 according to the first to fourth embodiments in that a resistor 123 is included in addition to the reactor 121 and the capacitor 122. That is, the series resonance circuit 120 in this embodiment is an RLC series resonance circuit.
- An operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment can be described as an operation example of an equivalent circuit of the power storage device 100 illustrated in FIG.
- the peak value Ipeak [A] of the resonance current i flowing through the first cell (Cell1) and the second cell (Cell2) is a value represented by the following equation (1).
- Ipeak (E1-E2) / (2 ⁇ R) (1)
- E1 is the voltage [V] of a 1st cell.
- E2 is the voltage [V] of the second cell.
- R is the value [ ⁇ ] of the resistor 123.
- the peak value Ipeak varies depending on the value of the resistor 123, and the smaller the resistance value, the smaller the peak value Ipeak.
- the resonance current i [A] has a value represented by the following equation (2).
- i ⁇ (E1-E2) / (2 ⁇ R) ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ 0 t (2)
- ⁇ 0 is a resonance angular frequency [rad / s] expressed by the following Formula (3).
- ⁇ 0 1 / (L ⁇ C) 1/2 (3)
- L is the self-inductance [H] of the reactor 121
- C is the electrostatic capacitance [F] of the capacitor 122. From equation (3), the resonance frequency f 0 is ⁇ 0 / 2 ⁇ .
- the burden on the cell can be reduced more effectively.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a main part of the power storage device 100 according to the present modification.
- the power storage device 100 of this modification is configured such that the power storage control device 130 detects the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through the series resonant circuit 120 based on the potential difference between both ends of the resistor 123 of the series resonant circuit 120.
- the potential difference between both ends of the resistor 123 may be detected by the voltage detection unit 190.
- the cost can be further reduced as compared with the case where the resonance current detection unit 170 of FIG. 8 or the resonance current direction detection unit 180 of FIG. 12 is provided to detect the resonance current. .
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the series resonant circuit 120 in the power storage device 100 of the present modification.
- the series resonant circuit 120 in FIG. 22 is different from the series resonant circuit 120 in FIG. 19 in that the resistor 121 is a parasitic resistance.
- the parasitic resistance may be at least one parasitic resistance of the reactor 121, the circuit wiring, and the switch. According to this modification, the peak value of the resonance current can be suppressed with a small number of parts.
- the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment is different from the power storage devices 100 of the first to fifth embodiments in the configuration for switching the connection between the cell and the series resonance circuit 120. Details will be described below.
- the power storage control device 130 is configured to switch the connection between the series resonance circuit 120 and the cell at the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120.
- connection switching cycle Since the connection switching cycle is a half cycle of the resonance cycle of the series resonance circuit 120, it is ⁇ (L ⁇ C) 1/2 [s]. It can also be said that the power storage control device 130 according to the present modification switches the connection between the series resonant circuit 120 and the cell every connection switching period.
- the power storage control device 130 may be configured to store information such as a resonance frequency and a connection switching cycle, and to operate by determining a connection switching timing based on the stored information.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power storage device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the power storage control device 130 connects the power feeding side cell to the series resonance circuit 120.
- step 232 the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not the connection switching timing based on the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120 has come. If a positive determination result is obtained in step 232 (S232), the process proceeds to step 233 (S233), and if a negative determination result is obtained, the process returns to step 232 (S232).
- step 233 the power storage control device 130 causes the power supply side cell to be disconnected from the series resonance circuit 120.
- step 234 the power storage control device 130 connects the power reception side cell to the series resonance circuit 120.
- step 235 the power storage control device 130 determines whether or not the connection switching timing based on the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120 has come. If a positive determination result is obtained in step 235 (S235), the process proceeds to step 236 (S236), and if a negative determination result is obtained, step 235 (S235) is repeated.
- step 236 the power storage control device 130 disconnects the power receiving side cell from the series resonance circuit 120.
- step 237 the power storage control device 130 ends the process if the voltage equalization process is to be terminated, and returns to step 231 (S231) if the voltage equalization process is to be continued.
- the determination as to whether or not to end the voltage equalization process may be made before step 237 (S237).
- the power storage device 100 of this embodiment it is not necessary to monitor the current flowing through the series resonance circuit 120, and the cell connection can be switched at a timing suitable for energy transfer.
- the power storage device 100 of this embodiment differs from the power storage devices 100 of the first to sixth embodiments in the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120.
- the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120 in the present embodiment is a frequency when the imaginary component in the Cole-Cole plot of the internal impedance of the cell measured by the AC impedance method is zero.
- the internal impedance for each frequency is measured while changing the frequency by applying AC to the cell.
- the Cole-Cole plot is one method for illustrating the measurement result of the AC impedance method.
- the internal impedance of the cell for each frequency obtained by the AC impedance method is plotted on a complex plane with the real component of internal impedance on the horizontal axis and the imaginary component of internal impedance on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 24 An example of the Cole-Cole plot is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 24 is the real part of the internal impedance of the cell, and the vertical axis in FIG. 24 is the imaginary part of the internal impedance of the cell.
- the frequency when the imaginary component of the internal impedance is 0 is fmin [Hz].
- the series resonance circuit 120 may be designed so that fmin becomes the resonance frequency.
- the internal impedance of the cell is minimum for the current flowing between the cell and the series resonant circuit 120. Therefore, energy can be exchanged efficiently.
- the power storage device 100 of the present modification differs from the power storage device 100 described with reference to FIG. 24 in the manner of setting the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit 120.
- FIG. 25 An example of a Cole-Cole plot for explaining the power storage device 100 of the present modification is schematically shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis Z ′ in FIG. 25 is the real part of the internal impedance of the cell
- the vertical axis Z ′′ in FIG. 25 is the imaginary part of the internal impedance of the cell.
- the call call plot for each SOC (State of Charge) [%] is shown in Fig. 25.
- the call call plot of Fig. 25 is a plot based on the measurement result of the internal impedance of the cell by FRA (Frequency Response Analyzer).
- FRA Frequency Response Analyzer
- the Cole-Cole plot may differ depending on the SOC.
- the frequency fmin when the imaginary number component in the Cole-Cole plot is 0 differs depending on the SOC
- the fmin is obtained for each SOC
- the resonance frequency of the DC resonant circuit 120 is comprehensively taken into consideration for the obtained fmin for each SOC. May be set.
- the average value of fmin for each SOC may be obtained, and the DC resonance circuit 120 may be designed so that this average value becomes the resonance frequency.
- a cell is specified with respect to the power storage devices 100 of the first to seventh embodiments.
- the cell according to the present embodiment has a discharge characteristic in which a voltage change in a series of sections over 50% or more of sections with a charging rate of 0% to 100% is 0.25 V or less. .
- FIG. 26 shows a discharge curve when a 1 C discharge is performed on a lithium ion secondary battery in which the positive electrode material is olivine type iron phosphate.
- the horizontal axis represents SOC [%] as an example of the charging rate
- the vertical axis represents the cell terminal voltage [V].
- the voltage change in a series of sections over 50% of the sections with the charging rate of 0% to 100% is 0.25 V or less.
- the voltage change in the section where the charging rate is 20% to 90% is about 0.1V.
- the cell is not limited to a lithium ion secondary battery using olivine type iron phosphate.
- the temperature distribution in the power storage device 100 is relatively uniform and the load current is less fluctuated than an automobile or the like, the voltage variation between the cells is small. Therefore, in the power storage device 100, it is preferable to secure a cell balance with a small current without waste rather than using a large current in the voltage equalization process to quickly eliminate variations in the voltage between cells. If a cell having a flat discharge characteristic as in the present embodiment is applied, the effectiveness of the voltage equalization process with a small current can be ensured.
- the present disclosure can take the following configurations. (1) a plurality of cells connected in series; A series resonant circuit including a reactor and a capacitor; A power storage control device for controlling a connection state between the cell and the series resonant circuit; The power storage control device is configured to transfer energy between the same number of cells via the series resonance circuit. (2) The power storage control device includes the same number of cells as the first cell after connecting the first cell including at least one cell to the series resonant circuit, and compares the first cell with the first cell.
- the power storage device according to (1) wherein a second cell having a relatively low total voltage is connected to the series resonance circuit.
- the configuration (2) wherein the power storage control device selects a plurality of consecutive cells as the first cell and selects the same number of consecutive cells as the first cell as the second cell. Power storage device.
- the power storage control device removes the first cell from the series resonance circuit when the direction of the current flowing through the series resonance circuit changes after the first cell is connected to the series resonance circuit.
- the power storage device according to (2) or (3) which is configured to be disconnected.
- the power storage control device removes the second cell from the series resonant circuit.
- the power storage device according to (4) configured to be disconnected.
- the power storage control device maintains a state in which all the cells are disconnected from the series resonance circuit for a set period after the first and / or second cells are disconnected from the series resonance circuit.
- the power storage device according to (5) wherein it is determined whether or not the transfer of energy should be terminated based on the cell voltage during the set period.
- the series resonant circuit includes a resistor,
- the power storage device according to any one of (1) and (4) to (6), wherein the power storage control device detects a direction of a current flowing through the series resonance circuit based on a potential difference between both ends of the resistor.
- the power storage device configured to switch the connection between the series resonant circuit and the cell at a resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit.
- the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit is any one of (1) to (8) when the imaginary component in the Cole-Cole plot of the internal impedance of the cell measured by the AC impedance method is 0
- the power storage device described in 1. 10
- the power storage device includes a cell having a maximum voltage in the first cell.
- the power storage control device includes a cell having a minimum voltage in the second cell.
- the power storage device according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the power storage control device is configured to control a connection state between the cell and the series resonant circuit by controlling an operation of the switch.
- the cell has a discharge characteristic in which a voltage change in a series of sections over 50% or more of sections with a charging rate of 0% to 100% is 0.25 V or less (1) to (12) The electrical storage apparatus in any one.
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Abstract
Description
前記蓄電制御装置は、少なくとも1つのセルを含む第1のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させた後に、前記第1のセルと同数のセルを含み、前記第1のセルと比較して総電圧が相対的に小さい第2のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させてもよい。
この場合、前記蓄電制御装置は、連続する複数のセルを前記第1のセルに選択し、前記第1のセルと同数の連続するセルを前記第2のセルに選択してもよい。
あるいは、前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第1のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させてもよい。この場合、前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第2のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第2のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させてもよい。この場合、前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1及び/又は第2のセルが前記直列共振回路から切断された後に、設定された期間いずれのセルも前記直列共振回路から切断された状態を保持し、前記設定された期間中に、前記セルの電圧に基づいてエネルギーの授受を終了すべきか否かを判定してもよい。
前記直列共振回路は抵抗を含み、前記蓄電制御装置は、前記抵抗の両端の電位差に基づいて、前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きを検知してもよい。
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記直列共振回路と前記セルとの接続を前記直列共振回路の共振周波数で切り替えてもよい。
前記直列共振回路の共振周波数は、交流インピーダンス法で測定された前記セルの内部インピーダンスのコールコールプロットにおける虚数成分が0となる場合の周波数であってもよい。
前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最大のセルを前記第1のセルに含ませてもよい。この場合、前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最小のセルを前記第2のセルに含ませてもよい。
蓄電装置は、前記セルと前記直列共振回路とを接続又は切断するスイッチを更に備え、前記蓄電制御装置は、前記スイッチの動作を制御することで前記セルと前記直列共振回路との接続状態を制御してもよい。
前記セルは、充電率0%~100%の区間のうちの5割以上に亘る一連の区間での電圧変化が0.25V以下となる放電特性を有してもよい。
本開示に係る蓄電制御装置は、直列接続された複数のセルとリアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する構成で、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させるものである。
本開示に係る蓄電制御方法は、直列接続された複数のセルとリアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路との接続状態を制御装置によって制御して、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる。
1.第1の実施形態
(同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受する蓄電装置の例)
2.第1の実施形態の第1の変形例
(セル数が同一のセル群間でエネルギーを授受する蓄電装置の例)
3.第1の実施形態の第2の変形例
(一部のセルが重複するセル数が同一のセル群間でエネルギーを授受する蓄電装置の例)
4.第2の実施形態
(相対的に電圧が大きい第1のセルと相対的に電圧が小さい第2のセルとの間でエネルギーを授受する蓄電装置の例)
5.第2の実施形態の第1の変形例
(複数のセルを含む第1のセルと、第1のセルと同数のセルを含む第2のセルとの間でエネルギーを授受する蓄電装置の例)
6.第3の実施形態
(電流0Aになったことに応じてセルと直列共振回路との接続を切り替える蓄電装置の例)
7.第3の実施形態の第1の変形例
(電流の向きの変化に応じてセルと直列共振回路との接続を切り替える蓄電装置の例)
8.第4の実施形態
(第2のセルの直列共振回路からの切断から次の第1のセルの直列共振回路への接続までの間に設定された期間すべてのセルが直列共振回路から切断された状態を保持する蓄電装置の例)
9.第4の実施形態の第1の変形例
(第1のセルの直列共振回路からの切断から第2のセルの直列共振回路への接続までの間にも設定された期間すべてのセルが直列共振回路から切断された状態を保持する蓄電装置の例)
10.第5の実施形態
(直列共振回路が抵抗を備える蓄電装置の例)
11.第5の実施形態の第1の変形例
(抵抗に基づいて共振電流の向きを検知する蓄電装置の例)
12.第5の実施形態の第2の変形例
(直列共振回路の抵抗が寄生抵抗である蓄電装置の例)
13.第6の実施形態
(セルと直列共振回路との接続を直列共振回路の共振周波数で切り替える蓄電装置の例)
14.第7の実施形態
(直列共振回路がコールコールプロットに適応した共振周波数を有する蓄電装置の例)
15.第7の実施形態の第1の変形例
(充電率ごとのコールコールプロットを考慮して直流共振回路の共振周波数が設定された蓄電装置の例)
16.第8の実施形態
(実質的にフラットな放電特性を有するセルを適用した蓄電装置の例)
[装置の構成例]
図1は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の構成例を模式的に示す全体図である。図1に示すように、蓄電装置100は、複数のセル110a、110bと、直列共振回路120と、蓄電制御装置130とを備える。
図1に示すように、各セル110a、110bは、直列接続されている。各セル110a、110bは、いずれも充放電可能とされている。すなわち、各セル110a、110bは、充電の際には、不図示の充電装置から供給された充電電流を電荷として蓄積し、放電の際には、蓄積された電荷を放電電流として不図示の負荷に供給することができる。
図1に示すように、直列共振回路120は、リアクトル121およびコンデンサ122を有する。リアクトル121およびコンデンサ122は直列接続されている。
蓄電制御装置130は、セル110a、110bと直列共振回路120との電気的な接続状態を制御する。ここで、図1には、蓄電制御装置130の制御によって形成されるセル110a、110bと直列共振回路120との接続状態が、双方向矢印Aによって模式的に示されている。また、図1には、蓄電制御装置130が接続状態を制御する構成であることが、図中の破線によって模式的に示されている。さらに、図1Aには、1つのセル110aと直列共振回路120とが接続され、かつ、他の1つのセル110bと直列共振回路120とが切断された状態が示されている。一方、図1Bには、1つのセル110aと直列共振回路120とが切断され、かつ、他の1つのセル110bと直列共振回路120とが接続された状態が示されている。
蓄電装置100の動作例を以下に述べる。以下の動作例は、本開示に係る蓄電制御方法の一実施形態を含む。ただし、本開示に係る蓄電制御方法は、蓄電装置100以外の構成で具現化されてもよい。
図2は、本実施形態の第1の変形例の蓄電装置100の構成を模式的に示す全体図である。本変形例の蓄電装置100は、図1の蓄電装置100に対して、セルの配置態様および蓄電制御装置130によって形成されるセルと直列共振回路120との接続状態が相違する。以下、相違点を詳細に説明する。
図3は、本実施形態の第2の変形例の蓄電装置100の構成を模式的に示す全体図である。本変形例の蓄電装置100は、図1および図2の蓄電装置100に対して、セルの配置態様および蓄電制御装置130によって形成されるセルと直列共振回路120との接続状態が相違する。以下、相違点を詳細に説明する。
[装置の構成例]
図4は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の構成例を模式的に示す全体図である。本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、図1の蓄電装置100に対して、蓄電制御装置130の構成が特定されている。すなわち、蓄電制御装置130は、少なくとも1つのセルを含む第1のセルを直列共振回路120に接続させた後に、第1のセルと同数のセルを含み第1のセルと比較して総電圧が相対的に小さい第2のセルを直列共振回路120に接続させる構成である。図4のように、セル110a、110bの総数が2つの場合には、第1のセルおよび第2のセルは1つずつとなる。
図4に示すように、4つのスイッチ140a~140dは、各セル110a、110bにそれぞれ対応して設けられている。具体的には、スイッチ140a~140dは、セル110a、110b毎に2つずつ対応して配置されており、各セル110a、110bのそれぞれの正極および負極に1つずつ接続される構成となっている。
図4に示すように、セル電圧検出部150a、150bは、各セル110a、110bにそれぞれ対応して設けられている。各セル電圧検出部150a、150bは、対応するセル110a、110bに並列接続されている。各セル電圧検出部150a、150bは、対応するセル110a、110bの電圧すなわち端子電圧を検出し、検出結果をセル電圧情報として蓄電制御装置130に出力する。このとき、セル電圧情報は、蓄電制御装置130側でセル電圧情報に対応するセルを特定可能な態様で出力されてもよい。例えば、セル電圧情報は、蓄電制御装置130のセル110a、110b毎の入力端子に向けて出力されたり、セルの番号の情報が対応付けられたりしてもよい。
図5は、本実施形態における蓄電制御装置130の構成例を模式的に示す図である。図5に示すように、蓄電制御装置130は、セル電圧情報取得部131およびスイッチ制御部132を有する。セル電圧情報取得部131は、セル電圧検出部150a、150bから出力されたセル電圧情報を取得する。スイッチ制御部132は、セル電圧情報取得部131が取得したセル電圧情報に応じたスイッチ制御信号をスイッチ140a~140dに出力する。スイッチ制御信号の内容は、第1のセルを直列共振回路120に接続させた後に、第2のセルを直列共振回路120に接続させることである。スイッチ制御信号は、例えば、電界効果トランジスタに印加されるゲート電圧等であってもよい。セル電圧情報取得部131およびスイッチ制御部132は、ハードウェアまたはソフトウェアもしくはこれらの双方によって具現化してもよい。
図6は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を示すフローチャートである。図6に示す動作例は、本開示に係る蓄電制御方法の一実施形態を含む。
[装置の構成例]
図7は、本実施形態の第1の変形例の蓄電装置100の構成を模式的に示す全体図である。本変形例の蓄電装置100は、図4の蓄電装置100に対して、セルの配置態様および蓄電制御装置130によって形成されるセルと直列共振回路120との接続状態が相違する。以下、相違点を詳細に説明する。
本変形例の動作例を、図7を参照して説明する。以下の動作例は、本開示に係る蓄電制御方法の一実施形態を含む。
[装置の構成例]
図8は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の構成例を模式的に示す全体図である。本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、図4の蓄電装置100に対して、セルと直列共振回路120との接続の切り替えタイミングが特定されている。以下、詳細に説明する。
図9に示すように、本実施形態の蓄電制御装置130は、図5の蓄電制御装置130に対して、電流値情報取得部133が追加されている。電流値情報取得部133は、共振電流検出部170から出力された電流値情報を取得する。スイッチ制御部132は、セル電圧情報取得部131が取得したセル電圧情報および電流値情報取得部133が取得した電流値情報に応じたスイッチ制御信号をスイッチ140a~140dに出力する。スイッチ制御信号の内容は、直列共振回路120に流れる電流値が0Aになった場合にその時点で直列共振回路120に接続されているセルを直列共振回路120から切断させることである。電流値情報取得部133は、ハードウェアまたはソフトウェアもしくはこれらの双方によって具現化してもよい。
本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作は、図10に示す蓄電装置100の等価回路の動作として説明することができる。図10では、第1のセル(Cell1)に対応する第1の正極側のスイッチと第1の負極側のスイッチとが、1つのスイッチSW1として表現されている。また、図10では、第2のセル(Cell2)に対応する第2の正極側のスイッチと第2の負極側のスイッチとが、1つのスイッチSW2として表現されている。共振電流検出部170は、第1のセルが直列共振回路120に接続された状態すなわちスイッチSW1のオン状態において、第1のセルから直列共振回路120に向かう共振電流iを検出する。また、共振電流検出部170は、第2のセルが直列共振回路120に接続された状態すなわちスイッチSW2のオン状態において、直列共振回路120から第2のセルに向かう共振電流iを検出する。
図11は、図10の等価回路のタイムチャートである。
[装置の構成例]
本変形例の蓄電装置100は、図8の蓄電装置100に対して、セルと直列共振回路120との接続を切り替えるための構成が相違する。以下、詳細に説明する。
図14は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を示すフローチャートである。図14に示す動作例は、本開示に係る蓄電制御方法の一実施形態を含む。
[装置の構成例]
本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、図8および図12の蓄電装置100に対して、セルと直列共振回路120との接続の切り替えタイミングが相違する。以下、詳細に説明する。
[タイムチャート]
図15は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を、図11と同様のタイムチャートとして示す図である。
図16は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を、フローチャートとして示す図である。図16のフローチャートは、図14のフローチャートに対して、ステップ144(S144)の後の処理が相違する。具体的には、図16では、ステップ144(S144)において肯定的な判定結果が得られた後に、ステップ65(S65)、ステップ161(S161)およびステップ162(S162)を順次実行する。
[装置の構成例]
本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、図15および図16に示した蓄電装置100に対して、セルと直列共振回路120との接続の切り替えタイミングが相違する。以下、詳細に説明する。
[タイムチャート]
図17は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を示すタイムチャートである。図17のタイムチャートでは、時刻t2においてスイッチSW1をオフに切り替えた後に、第2の待機期間T2が経過した時刻t3においてスイッチSW2をオンに切り替える。また、図17のタイムチャートでは、時刻t4においてスイッチSW2をオフに切り替えた後に、第1の待機期間T1が経過した時刻t5においてスイッチSW1をオンに切り替える。待機期間T1、T2中には、蓄電制御装置130が、セル電圧の検出結果に基づいて、電圧均等化処理を終了すべきか否かを判定する。待機期間T1、T2は、互いに同一であってもよく、または、互いに異なってもよい。
図18は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を示すフローチャートである。図18のフローチャートは、図16のフローチャートに対して、ステップ63(S63)とステップ64(S64)との間にステップ181(S181)とステップ182(S182)を実行する点で相違する。
[装置の構成例]
図19は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100における直列共振回路120の構成例を示す図である。本実施形態における直列共振回路120は、第1~第4の実施形態の直列共振回路120に対して、リアクトル121およびコンデンサ122に加えて、抵抗123を有する点が相違する。すなわち、本実施形態における直列共振回路120は、RLC直列共振回路である。
本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例は、図20に示す蓄電装置100の等価回路の動作例として説明することができる。
Ipeak=(E1-E2)/(2×R) (1)
但し、式(1)において、E1は、第1のセルの電圧[V]である。E2は、第2のセルの電圧[V]である。Rは、抵抗123の値[Ω]である。
i={(E1-E2)/(2×R)}×sinω0t (2)
但し、式(2)において、ω0は、次の式(3)で表される共振角周波数[rad/s]である。
ω0=1/(L×C)1/2 (3)
但し、式(3)において、Lは、リアクトル121の自己インダクタンス[H]であり、Cは、コンデンサ122の静電容量[F]である。
なお、式(3)から、共振周波数f0は、ω0/2πとなる。
Icha=Idis=(E1-E2)/(π×R) (4)
iが0Aになったタイミングもしくはiの方向変化のタイミングでセルと直列共振回路120との接続を切り替えれば、第1のセルから第2のセルに、式(4)に相当する電荷を供給することができる。
図21は、本変形例の蓄電装置100の要部を示す図である。本変形例の蓄電装置100は、蓄電制御装置130が、直列共振回路120の抵抗123の両端の電位差に基づいて、直列共振回路120に流れる電流の向き、大きさを検知する構成である。抵抗123の両端の電位差は、電圧検出部190によって検出してもよい。
図22は、本変形例の蓄電装置100における直列共振回路120を示す図である。図22の直列共振回路120は、図19の直列共振回路120に対して、抵抗121が寄生抵抗である点で相違する。寄生抵抗は、リアクトル121、回路配線およびスイッチの少なくとも1つの寄生抵抗であってもよい。本変形例によれば、少ない部品点数によって共振電流のピーク値を抑えることができる。
[装置の構成例]
本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、第1~第5の実施形態の蓄電装置100に対して、セルと直列共振回路120との接続を切り替えるための構成が相違する。以下、詳細に説明する。
図23は、本実施形態の蓄電装置100の動作例を示すフローチャートである。図23では、先ず、ステップ231(S231)において、蓄電制御装置130により、給電側のセルを直列共振回路120に接続させる。
本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、第1~第6の実施形態の蓄電装置100に対して、直列共振回路120の共振周波数が相違する。
本変形例の蓄電装置100は、図24を参照して説明した蓄電装置100に対して、直列共振回路120の共振周波数の設定の態様が相違する。
本実施形態の蓄電装置100は、第1~第7の実施形態の蓄電装置100に対して、セルが特定されている。
(1)直列接続された複数のセルと、
リアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路と、
前記セルと前記直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する蓄電制御装置と、を備え、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる構成の蓄電装置。
(2)前記蓄電制御装置は、少なくとも1つのセルを含む第1のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させた後に、前記第1のセルと同数のセルを含み、前記第1のセルと比較して総電圧が相対的に小さい第2のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させる構成の(1)記載の蓄電装置。
(3)前記蓄電制御装置は、連続する複数のセルを前記第1のセルに選択し、前記第1のセルと同数の連続するセルを前記第2のセルに選択する構成の(2)記載の蓄電装置。
(4)前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第1のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させる構成の(2)または(3)記載の蓄電装置。
(5)前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第2のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第2のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させる構成の(4)記載の蓄電装置。
(6)前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1及び/又は第2のセルが前記直列共振回路から切断された後に、設定された期間いずれのセルも前記直列共振回路から切断された状態を保持し、前記設定された期間中に、セルの電圧に基づいてエネルギーの授受を終了すべきか否かを判定する構成の(5)記載の蓄電装置。
(7)前記直列共振回路は抵抗を含み、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記抵抗の両端の電位差に基づいて、前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きを検知する構成の(1)、(4)~(6)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(8)前記蓄電制御装置は、前記直列共振回路と前記セルとの接続を前記直列共振回路の共振周波数で切り替える構成の(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(9)前記直列共振回路の共振周波数は、交流インピーダンス法で測定された前記セルの内部インピーダンスのコールコールプロットにおける虚数成分が0となる場合の周波数である(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(10)前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最大のセルを前記第1のセルに含ませる構成の(2)~(9)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(11)前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最小のセルを前記第2のセルに含ませる構成の(2)~(10)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(12)前記セルと前記直列共振回路とを接続又は切断するスイッチを更に備え、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記スイッチの動作を制御することで前記セルと前記直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する構成の(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(13)前記セルは、充電率0%~100%の区間のうちの5割以上に亘る一連の区間での電圧変化が0.25V以下となる放電特性を有する(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置。
(14)コンピュータを、
直列接続された複数のセルとリアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路との接続状態を制御して、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる手段
として機能させる蓄電制御プログラム。
110a、110b セル
120 直列共振回路
121 リアクトル
122 コンデンサ
130 蓄電制御装置
Claims (15)
- 直列接続された複数のセルと、
リアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路と、
前記セルと前記直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する蓄電制御装置と、を備え、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる構成の蓄電装置。 - 前記蓄電制御装置は、少なくとも1つのセルを含む第1のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させた後に、前記第1のセルと同数のセルを含み、前記第1のセルと比較して総電圧が相対的に小さい第2のセルを前記直列共振回路に接続させる構成の請求項1記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、連続する複数のセルを前記第1のセルに選択し、前記第1のセルと同数の連続するセルを前記第2のセルに選択する構成の請求項2記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第1のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させる構成の請求項2記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第2のセルが前記直列共振回路に接続された後に前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きが変化した場合に、前記第2のセルを前記直列共振回路から切断させる構成の請求項4記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、前記第1及び/又は第2のセルが前記直列共振回路から切断された後に、設定された期間いずれのセルも前記直列共振回路から切断された状態を保持し、前記設定された期間中に、前記セルの電圧に基づいてエネルギーの授受を終了すべきか否かを判定する構成の請求項5記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記直列共振回路は抵抗を含み、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記抵抗の両端の電位差に基づいて、前記直列共振回路に流れる電流の向きを検知する構成の請求項1記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記蓄電制御装置は、前記直列共振回路と前記セルとの接続を前記直列共振回路の共振周波数で切り替える構成の請求項1記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記直列共振回路の共振周波数は、交流インピーダンス法で測定された前記セルの内部インピーダンスのコールコールプロットにおける虚数成分が0となる場合の周波数である請求項1記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最大のセルを前記第1のセルに含ませる構成の請求項2記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電制御装置は、電圧が最小のセルを前記第2のセルに含ませる構成の請求項10記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記セルと前記直列共振回路とを接続又は切断するスイッチを更に備え、
前記蓄電制御装置は、前記スイッチの動作を制御することで前記セルと前記直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する構成の請求項2記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記セルは、充電率0%~100%の区間のうちの5割以上に亘る一連の区間での電圧変化が0.25V以下となる放電特性を有する請求項2記載の蓄電装置。
- 直列接続された複数のセルとリアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路との接続状態を制御する構成で、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる構成の蓄電制御装置。
- 直列接続された複数のセルとリアクトル及びコンデンサを含む直列共振回路との接続状態を制御装置によって制御して、前記直列共振回路を介して同数のセル間でエネルギーを授受させる蓄電制御方法。
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KR20160064089A (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
CA2923589A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
EP3051660A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
KR102145090B1 (ko) | 2020-08-14 |
US20160233556A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
EP3051660B1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
CA2923589C (en) | 2021-06-01 |
JP2015065795A (ja) | 2015-04-09 |
EP3051660A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
US10559860B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
CN105556794A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
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