WO2015045405A1 - ガラス板の製造方法 - Google Patents
ガラス板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045405A1 WO2015045405A1 PCT/JP2014/004942 JP2014004942W WO2015045405A1 WO 2015045405 A1 WO2015045405 A1 WO 2015045405A1 JP 2014004942 W JP2014004942 W JP 2014004942W WO 2015045405 A1 WO2015045405 A1 WO 2015045405A1
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- glass material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a glass plate having a modified surface.
- Patent Document 1 In order to obtain a glass plate having a high transmittance, various surface treatments have been applied to the glass plate. As one method for obtaining a glass plate having a high transmittance, it has been proposed to improve the light transmittance by eliminating a loss of light transmittance due to surface reflection by forming a low reflection film on the surface of the glass plate. (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 also proposes a method of forming a low refractive index layer on the surface of the glass plate by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the glass plate in addition to forming a low reflection film (antireflection film).
- a low reflection film antireflection film
- the antireflection effect of the low reflection film can be increased.
- This fine unevenness can be formed by surface-treating a glass plate with a fluorinating agent (for example, HF gas).
- the present invention does not cause a significant increase in cost, and the transmittance does not greatly decrease even when further heat treatment is performed on the glass plate that has been subjected to surface treatment for improving the transmittance. It aims at providing the glass plate which has the high transmittance
- the present invention A method for producing a glass plate having a modified surface, (I) containing at least sodium as a component, having a temperature not lower than the glass transition point and not higher than the glass transition point + 250 ° C., and at least one principal surface of the glass material formed into a plate shape, Contact with a first acidic gas that contains hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas, does not contain hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, and the volume ratio of water vapor to HF gas (volume of water vapor / volume of HF gas) is less than 8
- a process of (II) A step performed before or after the step (I), and when the second acidic gas containing HCl gas and HF gas are contained, the volume ratio of water vapor to HF gas ( A step of bringing the second acidic gas containing water vapor into contact with the main surface of the glass material so that the volume of water vapor / the volume of HF gas is 8 or more; (III) cooling the glass material that has undergone the steps (I) and (II) to
- At least one main surface of the glass material formed into a plate shape can be subjected to a treatment for obtaining a surface shape that realizes an improvement in transmittance by the step (I).
- a treatment for improving the heat resistance of the surface shape that realizes an improvement in transmittance it is possible to realize a treatment for improving the heat resistance of the surface shape that realizes an improvement in transmittance. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a glass plate having a high transmittance with improved heat resistance by a simple method without causing a significant increase in cost.
- the method for producing a glass plate of the present embodiment is a method for producing a glass plate having a modified surface, (I) At least one of the glass materials formed into a plate shape and containing at least sodium as a component, having a temperature not lower than the glass transition point and not higher than the glass transition point + 250 ° C. (Tg to Tg + 250 ° C.).
- Process (I) is a process for forming the surface shape which implement
- the surface of the glass material in contact with the first acid gas is brought into contact with at least one main surface of the glass material formed into a plate shape having a temperature in the range of Tg to Tg + 250 ° C.
- irregularities having a depth of about 100 to 400 nm, which can improve the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 380 to 1100 nm.
- the unevenness having a depth of about 100 to 400 nm means that the maximum convex portion (the convex portion that protrudes most in the thickness direction on the main surface of the glass material) and the maximum concave portion (the thickness on the main surface of the glass material). Distance in the thickness direction of the glass material is within a range of about 100 to 400 nm.
- the depth of unevenness when the depth of unevenness is described, it means the content described above.
- a glass plate having irregularities with a depth of about 100 to 400 nm on the surface can achieve high transmittance. That is, the glass plate obtained by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment can have an average value of transmittance gain of light having a wavelength of 380 to 1100 nm of 0.5 or more, and can be 1.0 or more.
- the transmittance gain of light having a wavelength of 380 to 1100 nm described in the present specification refers to the measured value of the transmittance of the glass material after step (I), and the glass material before step (I). It is a value obtained by subtracting the measured value of transmittance. In general, it is calculated every 1 nm wavelength.
- the average value of the transmittance gain is a value obtained by simply calculating the transmittance gain of each wavelength in the wavelength range for which the average value is calculated (wavelength 380 to 1100 nm in this embodiment) and simply averaging the values.
- the first acid gas contains HF as an acid.
- the concentration of HF contained in the first acid gas is preferably 2 to 6 vol%, more preferably 3 to 5 vol%.
- an acid that becomes HF during the reaction that is, an acid that generates HF as a result can also be used. If the concentration of HF in the first acid gas is too high, the depth of the irregularities formed on the surface of the glass material becomes too larger than the above range and the haze rate increases, and a sufficient transmittance gain is obtained by light diffusion. It may not be possible. On the other hand, if the concentration of HF in the first acid gas is too low, the depth of the irregularities formed on the surface of the glass material may be too smaller than the above range, and a sufficient transmittance gain may not be obtained.
- the present inventors consider the reason why the surface shape can be changed as described above by bringing the first acidic gas into contact with the surface of the glass material at a high temperature (Tg to Tg + 250 ° C.) as follows. ing.
- the first acidic gas is a gas containing HF gas and water vapor
- the HF gas in the first acid gas breaks the Si—O bond, which is the basic structure of the glass.
- the glass in various states such as proton (H + ), water (H 2 O) and oxonium ion (H 3 O + ).
- phenomena such as glass erosion and reprecipitation due to HF gas also occur in a complicated manner. Due to these factors, it is considered that the unevenness capable of realizing high transmittance is formed on the surface of the glass material.
- the first acid gas contains HF gas and does not contain HCl gas.
- step (I) is performed on a glass material in a high temperature state using, for example, an acidic gas containing HCl in addition to HF, larger irregularities are formed and the haze ratio is increased. More specifically, when HF comes into contact with the surface of a glass material, it breaks the Si—O bond, which is the basic structure of glass (the following reaction formula (1)), or causes a dealkalization reaction (hereinafter referred to as “alkaline”). (2) and (3)).
- the glass etching reaction by HF (the following reaction formula (5)) is slower in the location where NaCl is present than in the location where NaCl is not present, and the difference in the rate of the glass etching reaction due to HF on the surface of the glass material. Is considered to occur. Since the glass material has a high temperature, the NaCl formation rate and the etching reaction rate are high. Therefore, irregular irregularities having a large unevenness of about 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m are formed on the surface of the glass material. SiO 2 (glass) + 4HF ⁇ SiF 4 + 2H 2 O (5)
- the first acid gas may or may not contain water vapor.
- the volume ratio of water vapor to HF gas needs to be less than 8.
- the volume of water vapor is 8 times or more of the volume of HF gas, a flat layer is formed without forming irregularities on the surface of the glass material, so that the obtained transmittance gain is lowered. This is because the practicality becomes poor.
- Water vapor that has entered the glass in various states such as protons (H + ), water (H 2 O), and oxonium ions (H 3 O + ) due to contact with the first acid gas is then converted into glass by dehydration condensation. Get out of.
- the volume ratio of water vapor to HF gas is preferably 2 or less.
- Step (II) is a step for improving the heat resistance of the surface shape that realizes the improvement in transmittance formed in step (I), that is, unevenness.
- the second acid gas By bringing the second acid gas into contact with at least one main surface of the glass material formed into a plate shape having a temperature in the range of 600 to 750 ° C., the action of HCl gas contained in the second acid gas The heat resistance of the unevenness can be increased.
- the unevenness formed on the surface of the glass material in the step (I) has a weak glass skeleton containing a large amount of silanol groups ( ⁇ Si—OH).
- the HCl gas used in the step (II) performed separately from the step (I) the dehydration condensation of the uneven portion is promoted to form a strong SiO 2 skeleton, and as a result, the heat resistance of the uneven portion is improved. Conceivable.
- the surface of the glass material on which only step (I) has been performed has a glass structure in which many silanol groups remain, in other words, a glass skeleton containing a lot of water. It is thought that. It is thought that HCl gas has a catalytic action of dehydration condensation reaction. Therefore, it is considered that by exposing the surface of the glass material to HCl gas, the dehydration condensation reaction proceeds efficiently in a shorter time and the heat resistance of the unevenness is improved.
- Step (II) may be performed before or after step (I).
- the step (II) even when the step (II) is performed first and then the step (I) is performed, the influence of the HCl gas in the second acidic gas contacted in the step (II) on the glass material is the step (II). It is thought that it remains even after irregularities are formed on the surface of the glass material in I). Therefore, even in this case, the heat resistance of the unevenness formed in the step (I) can be improved by the step (II).
- the step (II) is performed before the step (I)
- dehydration condensation is started before the formation of irregularities, and therefore the step (II) is performed after the step (I).
- the step (II) is preferably performed after the step (I).
- the second acid gas contains HCl as an acid.
- the concentration of HCl contained in the second acid gas is preferably 3 to 30 vol%.
- the concentration of HCl contained in the second acid gas is more preferably 8 vol% or less.
- it is more preferable that the concentration of HCl contained in the second acid gas is 4 vol% or more.
- the second acid gas may or may not contain water vapor.
- the 2nd acidic gas may further contain HF gas and does not need to contain it.
- the concentration of the HF gas contained in the second acid gas is preferably 0 to 10 vol%, more preferably 0 to 5 vol%.
- an acid that becomes HF during the reaction that is, an acid that generates HF as a result can also be used.
- the second acid gas contains HF gas, the second acid gas needs to contain water vapor so that the volume ratio of water vapor to HF gas (volume of water vapor / volume of HF gas) is 8 or more. It is.
- step (II) contains HF gas and water vapor at a concentration of 8 times or more that of HF gas, step (I) exists separately from step (II). Therefore, it is considered that a flat layer without unevenness is not formed on the surface of the glass material.
- the contact of the first acid gas in the step (I) and the contact of the second acid gas in the step (II) are performed on a glass material having a temperature in the range of Tg to Tg + 250 ° C. If the temperature of the glass material is too high, the depth of the unevenness to be formed increases and the haze rate increases, and the transmittance gain decreases due to light diffusion. If the temperature of the glass material is too low, the size of the unevenness formed becomes small and a sufficient transmittance gain cannot be obtained.
- the first acid gas and the second acid gas are brought into contact with a glass material having a temperature within the range of Tg + 50 ° C. to Tg + 200 ° C.
- the contact of the first acid gas in the step (I) and the contact of the second acid gas in the step (II) may be performed in a plurality of times.
- “contact of the first acid gas” ⁇ “contact of the first acid gas” ⁇ “contact of the second acid gas” is also possible.
- the contact time between the first acid gas and the second acid gas and the glass material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 8 seconds, for example, and more preferably 3 to 6 seconds. If the contact time is too long, the depth of the unevenness formed on the surface of the glass material becomes too large and the haze rate becomes high, and a sufficient transmittance gain may not be obtained due to light diffusion. On the other hand, if the contact time is too short, the depth of the irregularities formed on the surface of the glass material becomes too small, and a sufficient transmittance gain may not be obtained.
- the total processing time may be set within the above time range, for example.
- step (III) the glass material having undergone steps (I) and (II) is cooled to obtain a glass plate.
- the cooling method is not particularly limited, and a cooling method implemented by a known glass plate manufacturing method can be used.
- the manufacturing method of the glass plate of this embodiment is applicable to manufacture of the glass plate by a float method, for example. That is, the manufacturing method of the glass plate of this embodiment is In the steps (I) and (II), the glass material formed into a plate shape is obtained by forming the molten glass material into a plate shape on the molten metal, In the step (I), the first acidic gas is brought into contact with the main surface of the plate-like glass material on the molten metal, In the step (II), the second acidic gas is brought into contact with the main surface of the plate-like glass material on the molten metal. It is good also as a manufacturing method. This method can be implemented, for example, using the apparatus shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the example which applied the manufacturing method of the glass plate of this embodiment to manufacture of the glass plate by the float glass process is demonstrated.
- the glass material (molten glass) melted in the float kiln 11 flows out from the float kiln 11 to the float bath 12 and becomes a glass ribbon (glass material formed into a plate shape) 10 on the molten tin (molten metal) 15. After moving and becoming semi-solid, it is pulled up by the roller 17 and fed into the slow cooling furnace 13.
- the glass ribbon solidified in the slow cooling furnace 13 is cut into a glass plate of a predetermined size by a cutting device (not shown).
- a predetermined number of spraying parts 16 are arranged in the float bath 12 at a predetermined distance from the surface of the glass ribbon 10 in a high temperature state on the molten tin 15. ing.
- the first acidic gas is continuously supplied onto the glass ribbon 10 from at least one of the spray parts 16a to 16c.
- the second acidic gas is continuously supplied onto the glass ribbon 10 from at least one of the blowing parts 16a to 16c other than the blowing part to which the first acidic gas is supplied.
- the temperature of the glass ribbon 10 on the molten tin 15 is set in the range of Tg to Tg + 250 ° C.
- the temperature of the glass ribbon 10 on the molten tin 15 is set in the range of Tg + 50 ° C. to Tg + 200 ° C.
- the step (III) of cooling the glass material is performed in the slow cooling furnace 13.
- the glass material a known glass material having a glass composition to which a float method can be applied can be used.
- general soda lime glass and aluminosilicate glass can be used, and the composition thereof is not particularly limited as long as it contains sodium as a component.
- general clear glass or low iron glass can be used.
- molded is suitably determined according to the thickness of the glass plate to manufacture, it is not specifically limited.
- the thickness of the finally obtained glass plate is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.3 to 25 mm.
- heat resistance is achieved only by performing a very simple treatment of bringing a specific first acid gas and a second acid gas into contact with the surface of a glass material formed into a plate shape. It is possible to produce a glass plate having high transmittance and improved. Moreover, the manufacturing method of this embodiment can also be implemented using the manufacturing line of the float process which is a continuous manufacturing method of a glass plate as above-mentioned. Thus, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, heat resistance is improved more easily and while keeping the increase in manufacturing cost low without significantly reducing the manufacturing efficiency as compared with the conventional method. A glass plate having high transmittance can be provided.
- Glass plate manufacturing method (Examples 1 to 11) A glass plate having a thickness of 3 mm or 4 mm was produced by the float process. First, the main glass composition is mass%, SiO 2 : 70.8%, Al 2 O 3 : 1.0%, CaO: 8.5%, MgO: 5.9%, Na 2 O: 13. The glass material prepared to 2% was melted, and the glass material melted on the molten tin of the float bath was formed into a glass ribbon. In addition, Tg of this glass material was 558 degreeC.
- the transport mechanism 21 that transports the glass plate and the five spraying portions 23a that can spray the gas onto the surface of the glass plate 22 being transported.
- a device 20 with ⁇ 23e was used.
- the apparatus 20 was provided with a heating mechanism (not shown) that can heat the glass plate 22 to be conveyed.
- the first-stage spraying part 23a and the fifth-stage spraying part 23e were used for spraying the first acid gas and the second acid gas.
- N 2 gas was sprayed from the second to fourth stage spraying portions 23b to 23d.
- the glass plate 22 was in contact with the first acid gas and the second acid gas heated to 180 ° C. for a predetermined time while being heated to a predetermined temperature (within a range of Tg to Tg + 250 ° C.).
- Table 1 shows the thickness of the glass plate, the processing conditions (components of the first acidic gas and the second acidic gas, etc.), the temperature of the glass plate at the time of gas contact, and the gas contact time in each example.
- the first acid gas and a second acid gas N 2 gas was used as a diluent gas. That is, the remainder other than the components of the first acid gas and the second acid gas shown in Table 1 was all N 2 gas.
- the HCl gas 99.99% HCl gas was used.
- the HF gas was obtained by vaporizing a 55% by mass HF aqueous solution.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 10 The same apparatus 20 was used to spray a gas on a glass plate produced by the same method as in Examples 1-11. In Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 5 to 9, only one of the first acid gas and the second acid gas was sprayed on the glass plate. Therefore, in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 5 to 9, the first stage spraying part 23a among the five spraying parts 23a to 23e of the apparatus 20 was used for spraying the first acid gas or the second acid gas. N 2 gas was sprayed from the second to fifth stage spraying portions 23b to 23e. In Comparative Examples 3, 4, and 10, the first acidic gas and the second acidic gas were sprayed as in Examples 1-11.
- Table 1 shows the thickness of the glass plate, the processing conditions (components of the first acidic gas and the second acidic gas, etc.), the temperature of the glass plate at the time of gas contact, and the gas contact time in each comparative example.
- the first acid gas and a second acid gas N 2 gas was used as a diluent gas. That is, the remainder other than the components of the first acid gas and the second acid gas shown in Table 1 was all N 2 gas.
- As the HCl gas 99.99% HCl gas was used.
- the HF gas was obtained by vaporizing a 55% by mass HF aqueous solution.
- the average value of the transmittance gain for light with a wavelength of 380 to 1100 nm was determined.
- the transmittance of the glass plate before the first acid gas and the second acid gas are sprayed (before the gas contact)
- the transmittance gain before heat treatment was calculated by subtracting the transmittance of the glass plate before gas contact from the transmittance of the glass plate after gas contact. Thereafter, the transmittance gain of 380 to 1100 nm was simply averaged to obtain the average value of the transmittance gain before the heat treatment.
- the transmittance gain after the heat treatment was calculated by subtracting the transmittance of the glass plate before the gas contact from the transmittance of the glass plate after the heat treatment. Thereafter, the transmittance gain of 380 to 1100 nm was simply averaged to obtain the average value of the transmittance gain after the heat treatment.
- the glass plates produced by the production methods of Examples 1 to 11 that satisfy all the conditions of the production method of the present invention were able to obtain a high transmittance gain even after heat treatment. That is, the glass plate produced by the production methods of Examples 1 to 11 was a glass plate having high heat resistance and high transmittance.
- permeability gain after heat processing of the glass plate of Example 3, 10 and 11 was 0.3, and was lower than the glass plate of another Example. This is probably because in Example 3, the HCl concentration in the second acid gas was relatively low, and thus the effect obtained by the step (II) was relatively low. Further, in Examples 10 and 11, the transmittance gain obtained by the step (I) was low due to the generation of haze, so it is considered that the transmittance gain after the heat treatment was suppressed.
- the transmittance gain before the heat treatment is relatively low in the first place, and the transmittance gain after the heat treatment is 0. It was the following. That is, the glass plates produced by the production methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were low in heat resistance and could not maintain high transmittance after heat treatment.
- the transmittance gains of the glass plates of Comparative Examples 1 to 5, 8, and 10 were relatively high at 0.5 or more before the heat treatment, but became 0 or less after the heat treatment. This is considered that the heat resistance was not obtained because the step (II) was not performed or the used second acid gas did not satisfy the conditions.
- FIG. 3A is a SEM photograph showing the state of the glass plate before heat treatment of Example 8 observed from obliquely above
- FIG. 3B is an SEM photograph showing the state of the glass plate after heat treatment of Example 8 observed obliquely from above
- It is. 4A is an SEM photograph showing a state of the glass plate before heat treatment of Comparative Example 1 observed from obliquely above
- FIG. 4A is an SEM photograph showing a state of the glass plate before heat treatment of Comparative Example 1 observed from obliquely above
- 4B is an SEM photograph showing the state of the glass plate after heat treatment of Comparative Example 1 observed obliquely from above. It is. In the glass plate of Example 8, the uneven shape on the surface was maintained even after the heat treatment. In contrast, the unevenness of the glass plate of Comparative Example 1 was lost by the heat treatment.
- the glass plate produced by the production method of the present invention is a glass for a solar cell cover that requires high-efficiency use of sunlight, a glass for Low-E with improved transmittance, and a display. Suitable for use as glass. Further, according to the glass plate of the present invention, since the reflectance is reduced, it can be expected to be used as a windshield for automobiles, a glass for show windows, and a glass for displays provided with an anti-reflection function. .
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Abstract
Description
改質された表面を有するガラス板を製造する方法であって、
(I)少なくともナトリウムを成分として含み、ガラス転移点以上かつガラス転移点+250℃以下の範囲内の温度を有し、かつ、板状に成形されたガラス材料の少なくとも一方の主面に対して、フッ化水素(HF)ガスを含みかつ塩化水素(HCl)ガスを含まず、かつ、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8未満である第1酸性ガスを接触させる工程と、
(II)前記工程(I)よりも前又は後に実施される工程であり、HClガスを含む第2酸性ガスであって、かつ、HFガスを含む場合には、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8以上となるように水蒸気を含む前記第2酸性ガスを、前記ガラス材料の前記主面に接触させる工程と、
(III)前記工程(I)及び(II)を経た前記ガラス材料を冷却して、ガラス板を得る工程と、
を含む、ガラス板の製造方法を提供する。
(I)少なくともナトリウムを成分として含み、ガラス転移点以上かつガラス転移点+250℃以下(Tg~Tg+250℃)の範囲内の温度を有し、かつ、板状に成形されたガラス材料の少なくとも一方の主面に対して、HFガスを含みかつHClガスを含まず、かつ、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8未満である第1酸性ガスを接触させる工程と、
(II)前記工程(I)よりも前又は後に実施される工程であり、HClガスを含む第2酸性ガスであって、かつ、HFガスを含む場合には、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8以上となるように水蒸気を含む前記第2酸性ガスを、前記ガラス材料の前記主面に接触させる工程と、
(III)前記工程(I)及び(II)を経た前記ガラス材料を冷却して、ガラス板を得る工程と、
を含む。
≡Si-O-Si≡ + HF ⇔ ≡Si-OH + F-Si≡ (1)
HF + H2O ⇔ H3O+ + F- (2)
≡Si-O-Na++ H3O+ + F- ⇔ ≡Si-OH + H2O + NaF (3)
≡Si-O-Na++ HO-Si≡ + HCl ⇒ ≡Si-O-Si≡ + NaCl + H2O(4)
SiO2(glass) + 4HF ⇒ SiF4+ 2H2O (5)
工程(I)及び(II)において、板状に成形されたガラス材料が、溶融したガラス材料を溶融金属上で板状に成形することによって得られたものであり、
前記工程(I)では、前記溶融金属上の板状の前記ガラス材料の前記主面に、前記第1酸性ガスを接触させ、
前記工程(II)では、前記溶融金属上の板状の前記ガラス材料の前記主面に、前記第2酸性ガスを接触させる、
製造方法としてもよい。この方法は、例えば図1に示す装置を用いて実施できる。以下、本実施形態のガラス板の製造方法を、フロート法によるガラス板の製造に適用した例について説明する。
(実施例1~11)
フロート法によって、厚さ3mm又は4mmのガラス板を製造した。まず、主なガラス組成が、質量%で、SiO2:70.8%、Al2O3:1.0%、CaO:8.5%、MgO:5.9%、Na2O:13.2%、となるように調合したガラス材料を溶融し、フロートバスの溶融錫上で溶融したガラス材料をガラスリボンへと成形した。なお、このガラス材料のTgは558℃であった。本実施例では、ガラスリボンを切断して得た厚さ3mm又は4mmのガラス板(板状に成形されたガラス材料)の一方の主面に対し、ガラス板製造ラインとは別のラインで、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスを吹付けた。すなわち、本実施例では、オフラインでガスの吹付けが実施された。本実施例におけるガスの吹付けには、図2に示すような、ガラス板を搬送する搬送機構21と、搬送されているガラス板22の表面にガスを吹付けることができる5つの吹付部23a~23eとを備えた装置20を用いた。装置20には、搬送されるガラス板22を加熱できる加熱機構(図示せず)が設けられていた。本実施例では、5つの吹付部23a~23eのうち、1段目の吹付部23a及び5段目の吹付部23eを、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの吹付けに利用した。2~4段目の吹付部23b~23dからは、N2ガスを吹付けた。ガラス板22は、所定の温度(Tg~Tg+250℃の範囲内)に加熱された状態で、180℃に暖められた第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスを所定の時間接触した。各実施例におけるガラス板の厚さ、処理条件(第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの成分等)、ガス接触時のガラス板の温度、ガス接触時間を表1に示す。なお、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスには、希釈ガスとしてN2ガスが用いられた。すなわち、表1に示した第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの成分以外の残部は、全てN2ガスであった。HClガスには99.99%のHClガスを用いた。HFガスは、55質量%のHF水溶液を気化させたものであった。
実施例1~11と同じ方法で作製したガラス板に対して、同じ装置20を用いてガスの吹付けを行った。比較例1,2及び5~9では、第1酸性ガス又は第2酸性ガスの一方のみをガラス板に吹付けた。したがって、比較例1,2及び5~9では、装置20の5つの吹付部23a~23eのうち、1段目の吹付部23aを第1酸性ガス又は第2酸性ガスの吹付けに利用した。2~5段目の吹付部23b~23eからは、N2ガスを吹付けた。比較例3,4及び10では、実施例1~11と同様に、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの吹付けが行われた。各比較例におけるガラス板の厚さ、処理条件(第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの成分等)、ガス接触時のガラス板の温度、ガス接触時間を表1に示す。なお、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスには、希釈ガスとしてN2ガスが用いられた。すなわち、表1に示した第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの成分以外の残部は、全てN2ガスであった。HClガスには99.99%のHClガスを用いた。HFガスは、55質量%のHF水溶液を気化させたものであった。
実施例1~11及び比較例1~10のガラス板について熱処理を実施し、熱処理前の透過率ゲインと、熱処理後の透過率ゲインとを求めた。ガラス板に対して実施した熱処理の方法、及び、透過率ゲインを求める方法は、以下のとおりである。
雰囲気温度を760℃に設定可能な電気炉に、50mm×50mmに切断されたガラス板のサンプルを、10枚セットした。ガラス板の表面温度は、室温から760℃に向かって、炉に投入された直後から上昇した。サンプルの温度が、風冷強化温度を想定した温度である約650℃に到達する時間が経過した後、サンプルを炉から取り出して室温で徐冷した。表面温度を実測したところ、最高到達温度は、厚さ3mmのガラス板では220秒経過後649℃、厚さ4mmのガラス板では240秒経過後656℃であった。
実施例1~11及び比較例1~10のガラス板について、波長380~1100nmの光に対する透過率ゲインの平均値を求めた。まず、透過率ゲインを求めるために、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製U4100分光光度計を用いて、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの吹付けが行われる前(ガス接触前)のガラス板の透過率、第1酸性ガス及び第2酸性ガスの吹付けが行われた後(ガス接触後)のガラス板の透過率、及び、熱処理後のガラス板の透過率を、それぞれ、波長380~1100nmにおいて1nmおきに測定した。波長ごとに、ガス接触後のガラス板の透過率からガス接触前のガラス板の透過率を差し引いて、熱処理前の透過率ゲインを計算した。その後、380~1100nmの透過率ゲインを単純平均して、熱処理前の透過率ゲインの平均値を求めた。また、波長ごとに、熱処理後のガラス板の透過率からガス接触前のガラス板の透過率を差し引いて、熱処理後の透過率ゲインを計算した。その後、380~1100nmの透過率ゲインを単純平均して、熱処理後の透過率ゲインの平均値を求めた。
Claims (5)
- 改質された表面を有するガラス板を製造する方法であって、
(I)少なくともナトリウムを成分として含み、ガラス転移点以上かつガラス転移点+250℃以下の範囲内の温度を有し、かつ、板状に成形されたガラス材料の少なくとも一方の主面に対して、フッ化水素(HF)ガスを含みかつ塩化水素(HCl)ガスを含まず、かつ、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8未満である第1酸性ガスを接触させる工程と、
(II)前記工程(I)よりも前又は後に実施される工程であり、HClガスを含む第2酸性ガスであって、かつ、HFガスを含む場合には、HFガスに対する水蒸気の体積比(水蒸気の体積/HFガスの体積)が8以上となるように水蒸気を含む前記第2酸性ガスを、前記ガラス材料の前記主面に接触させる工程と、
(III)前記工程(I)及び(II)を経た前記ガラス材料を冷却して、ガラス板を得る工程と、
を含む、ガラス板の製造方法。 - 前記工程(I)において、前記第1酸性ガスを前記ガラス材料の前記主面に接触させて、前記ガラス材料における波長380~1100nmの光に対する透過率ゲインの平均値が0.5以上となるように、前記ガラス材料の前記主面の表面形状を変化させる、
請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。 - 前記第2酸性ガスが、HClガスを4vol%以上含む、
請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。 - 前記工程(II)は、前記工程(I)よりも後に実施される、
請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。 - 前記工程(I)及び(II)において、板状に成形された前記ガラス材料は、溶融したガラス材料を溶融金属上で板状に成形することによって得られたものであり、
前記工程(I)では、前記溶融金属上の板状の前記ガラス材料の前記主面に、前記第1酸性ガスを接触させ、
前記工程(II)では、前記溶融金属上の板状の前記ガラス材料の前記主面に、前記第2酸性ガスを接触させる、
請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
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