WO2015043140A1 - 一种乳化炸药的乳化方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种乳化炸药的乳化方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015043140A1
WO2015043140A1 PCT/CN2014/073808 CN2014073808W WO2015043140A1 WO 2015043140 A1 WO2015043140 A1 WO 2015043140A1 CN 2014073808 W CN2014073808 W CN 2014073808W WO 2015043140 A1 WO2015043140 A1 WO 2015043140A1
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Prior art keywords
mixer
stage
level
water phase
milk
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PCT/CN2014/073808
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐秋明
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石家庄成功机电有限公司
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Priority to AU2014328342A priority Critical patent/AU2014328342B2/en
Priority to US14/779,580 priority patent/US20160051948A1/en
Priority to EP14847327.5A priority patent/EP3050864B1/en
Publication of WO2015043140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015043140A1/zh
Priority to US16/017,269 priority patent/US10610838B2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31423—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the circumferential direction only and covering the whole circumference
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B01F33/821—Combinations of dissimilar mixers with consecutive receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/715—Feeding the components in several steps, e.g. successive steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/7176—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/34—Mixing fuel and prill, i.e. water or other fluids mixed with solid explosives, to obtain liquid explosive fuel emulsions or slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/413—Homogenising a raw emulsion or making monodisperse or fine emulsions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of production of emulsion explosives, and in particular to an emulsification method and equipment for emulsion explosives.
  • emulsion explosives Due to its outstanding adaptability and safety performance, emulsion explosives have become the main varieties of industrial explosives after nearly 40 years of vigorous development.
  • a latex-based emulsification method is generally employed for preparing a latex matrix.
  • the axial and radial clearances between the stator and the rotor are between 1 and 8 ,, and some are even less than 1 ⁇ .
  • the stator-rotor shear type emulsification equipment When the stator-rotor shear type emulsification equipment is working, the rotor rotates at a high speed of 1400 ⁇ 3000r/min, and the material is subjected to strong mechanical shearing and impact friction between the stator and the rotor during the process of flowing through the closed chamber of the equipment.
  • the invention provides a new emulsification method and equipment for emulsion explosives, which does not require mechanical agitation and gel pumping, and improves the safety of emulsion explosive production.
  • an emulsification method for an emulsion explosive comprising the following steps: the oil phase from the oil phase tank is divided into the first-stage crude milk mixer by the oil phase pump according to the full proportion of the explosive; The self-water phase tank is fed into the multi-stage coarse milk mixer by the multi-stage splitting by the water phase pump according to the proportion of the explosive; the last stage coarse milk mixer is connected to the fine milk mixer; the latex matrix is further mixed by the multi-stage fine milk. Mixing the mixer to complete the emulsification;
  • the ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is controlled by an oil phase pump and a water phase pump;
  • the water phase split consists of primary flow regulation, secondary flow regulation, and tertiary flow adjustment into the aqueous phase flow of each stage of the coarse emulsion mixer;
  • the oil phase and part of the aqueous phase first enter the first-stage crude milk mixer, and after mixing, enter the second-stage crude milk mixer with the partial water phase controlled by the secondary flow regulation control, and then control the partial water flowing out with the three-stage flow regulation.
  • the phase enters the tertiary coarse blender for mixing;
  • the total flow rate of the primary flow regulation, the secondary flow regulation, and the tertiary flow regulation is the flow of the total adjustment of the aqueous phase flow, and the flow between each of the classified flow adjustments is proportionally distributed;
  • the mixer is at least 3 grades and the concentrate mixer is 1-5 grades;
  • the multi-stage coarse milk mixer is preferably 5-7, and the fine milk mixer is preferably 3; the coarse milk mixer is a static mixer, an orifice plate or a venturi;
  • the fermenter is a static mixer, an orifice plate or a venturi
  • the ratio of the total flow of the oil phase to the aqueous phase is emulsified by mixing 4% to 10% and 90% to 96% by weight.
  • an emulsification device for emulsifying explosives comprising an oil phase storage tank (6), an aqueous phase storage tank (7), a multi-stage coarse milk mixer, a multi-stage fine milk mixer, an oil phase
  • the storage tank (6) and the water phase storage tank (7) are respectively provided with an oil phase flow regulating pump (9) and a water phase flow total regulating pump (8), and a multistage coarse milk mixer is connected in series, each stage is thick
  • the milk mixers are each provided with flow regulation, and the last stage of the coarse milk mixer is connected to the concentrate mixer.
  • the multi-stage coarse milk mixer is at least 3 grades, and the fine milk mixer is 1 to 5 grades. .
  • the multistage coarse milk mixer is preferably 5 to 7 grades, and the fine milk mixer is preferably 3 grades.
  • the multi-stage coarse milk mixer comprises a first-stage coarse milk mixer (1), a second-stage coarse milk mixer (2), a third-stage coarse milk mixer (3), and a first-stage flow adjustment (10) , secondary flow regulation (11), Three-stage flow adjustment (12).
  • the total flow rate controlled by the primary flow regulation (10), the secondary flow regulation (11), and the tertiary flow regulation (12) is the flow controlled by the water phase flow total adjustment pump (8), and between the various flow adjustments
  • the crude milk mixer is a static mixer, an orifice plate or a venturi.
  • the concentrate mixer is a static mixer, an orifice plate or a venturi.
  • the oil phase and the aqueous phase are emulsified by mixing 4% to 10% and 90% to 96% by weight.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the apparatus of Fig. 2:
  • the full proportion of the oil phase enters from the starting end 1, about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the aqueous phase from the lateral self-splitting opening 2, which is ejected from the jet orifice 3 at a certain flow rate, impinging on the oil Phase, the mixture is further sprayed through the orifice plate 4 at a certain flow rate to form a first-stage crude milk;
  • the effluent is further connected to the split port 5, and the second portion of the jet stream 6 is ejected at a certain flow rate by a ratio of about 1/ 5
  • the normal proportion of the water phase collides and mixes, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 7 at a certain flow rate to form a secondary coarse emulsion; the effluent is again connected to the splitting port 8 and is ejected through the jet orifice 9 at a certain flow rate.
  • the second part is about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase collided and mixed, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 10 at a certain flow rate to form a tertiary coarse emulsion; the effluent is again connected to the split port 11 and passed through the orifice.
  • the second portion of the second portion is sprayed at a certain flow rate in a ratio of about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 13 at a certain flow rate to form a four-stage coarse emulsion; the effluent is separated from the split vent 14, and the second part that is ejected through the jet hole 15 at a certain flow rate Ratio of about 1/5 normal impingement mixing ratio of the aqueous phase, the mixture was further plate 16, discharge at a constant flow rate, five coarse emulsion is formed.
  • the effluent finally passes through the fine orifice plate 17, and is ejected from the jet orifice 18 at a constant flow rate to complete the emulsification process.
  • the invention does not need mechanical agitation shearing and colloid pumping device, and the water phase is mixed with the oil phase through the multi-stage coarse milk mixer through the flow regulation control, so that the oil phase can be fully and less in the water phase.
  • Body matrix Since the method combines the water phase with the oil phase in the desired proportion, the conventional one-time mixing is improved to multiple mixing, the amount of the drug is greatly reduced, no mechanical agitation shearing, no heat accumulation, and low pressure. , no need for matrix pumping, improves safety.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a 5-stage crude emulsion emulsification process of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a 5-stage rough emulsion device according to the present invention.
  • the 5-stage crude milk emulsification equipment is subjected to 5-stage crude emulsion emulsification: the full-scale oil phase enters from the starting end 1 and about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the aqueous phase self-laterally from the splitting port 2, at a certain flow rate It is ejected from the jet hole 3, impinges on the oil phase, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 4 at a certain flow rate to form a first-stage crude milk; the ejected material is again connected to the split port 5, and is sprayed through the jet hole 6 at a certain flow rate.
  • the second part of the ratio is about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 7 at a certain flow rate to form a secondary coarse emulsion;
  • the second portion of the jet orifice 9 is sprayed at a certain flow rate in a ratio of about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 10 at a certain flow rate to form a third-stage coarse emulsion;
  • the water distribution of the second portion which is discharged through the orifice 12 at a certain flow rate is collided and mixed with about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase, and the mixture is sprayed through the orifice plate 13 at a certain flow rate to form a four-stage thick Milk;
  • the effluent is again connected to the split port 14 and is fixed by the jet hole 15
  • the ratio of the second portion of the flow rate is about 1/5 of the normal proportion of the water phase colliding, and the mixture is sprayed through
  • Example 1 A venturi tube is used as a mixer, the number of coarse milk is 7 and the number of fine milk is 1 .
  • the total flow of the oil and water phases was mixed at 10% and 90% by weight. In the rough phase, the water phase The average was equal to 7 parts and added to the mixer 7 times.
  • the flow rates of the crude milk and the fine milk were 10 m/s and 20 m/s, respectively, and the production capacity was 5 tons/hour.
  • the viscosity of the final colloid was the same as the mechanical shear of the 15 m/s linear velocity.
  • Example 2 The SV type static mixer is used as a mixer, the number of coarse milk is 5, and the number of fine milk is 3.
  • the total flow of the oil and water phases was mixed at 8% and 92% by weight.
  • the aqueous phase was added to the crude milk static device in an average of 5 equal portions 5 times.
  • the flow rates of the crude milk and the fine milk are 10 m / s, 20 m / s, respectively, and the capacity is 5 ton / hr.
  • Test results The viscosity of the crude milk and the fine milk were lOOOcp, 2600 cp, and the system pressure was 3.8 MPa.
  • the final gel has the same viscosity as the 12 m/s linear speed mechanical shear.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the coarse milk grade is 3, and the static milk grade is 5.
  • the total flow of the oil phase and the aqueous phase was mixed at 4% and 96% by weight; in the rough phase, the aqueous phase was added to the crude static device in an average of 3 equal parts 3 times.
  • the flow rate of the crude milk and the fine milk is 15 m / s, 20 m / s, and the capacity is 5 ton / hr.
  • the viscosity of the final colloid was the same as the mechanical shear of 20 m/s linear velocity.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种乳化炸药的乳化方法和设备，油相和经分流了的部分水相首先进入一级粗乳混合器，经过混合后再与二级分流的部分水相进入二级粗乳混合器，之后再与三级分流的部分水相进入三级粗乳混合器进行混合，经过多级混合形成粗乳乳胶基质，然后再经多级精乳混合器的混合,最后完成乳化。该方法设备将水相按所需比例分次同油相混合，大大减少了存药量，无机械搅拌剪切，不会导致热量积聚，压力小，无需基质泵送，提高了安全性。

Description

说 明 书
一种乳化炸药的乳化方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及乳化炸药的生产领域， 具体涉及一种乳化炸药的乳化方法 和设备。
背景技术
乳化炸药由于突出的适应性及安全性能， 经过近 40年的蓬勃发展， 业 已成为工业炸药主要品种。 目前， 在乳化炸药的生产过程中， 制备乳胶基 质一般釆用定子-转子剪切型乳化方法。 定子与转子的轴向和径向间隙在 1 ~ 8匪之间， 有的甚至小于 1匪。 定子 -转子剪切型乳化设备工作时， 转子 以 1400 ~ 3000r/min 的速度高速旋转， 物料在流过设备密闭的腔体的过程 中受到定子和转子间强烈的机械剪切和撞击摩擦等作用， 从而得到分散乳 化。 但由于设备内部的定子和转子间隙小， 且腔体相对密闭， 转子高速旋 转形成的强烈的机械剪切和撞击摩擦等作用容易导致热量积聚， 当热量积 聚达到一定程度时， 容易发生爆炸。 另外， 由于乳胶基质剪切强度高胶体 粘度大， 精乳时往往通过螺杆泵等输送设备高压输送， 并要求同时设有断 流、 超温、 超压等安全保护停机装置， 设备复杂， 安全隐患大。
发明内容
本发明皆在提供一种新的乳化炸药的乳化方法和设备， 无需机械搅拌 和胶体的泵送， 提高了乳化炸药生产的安全性。
本发明方法釆用以下技术方案， 见附图 1 , 一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 包括以下步骤： 油相自油相罐由油相泵按炸药全比例进入一级粗乳混合器； 水相自水相罐由水相泵按炸药比例， 通过多级分流分多次进入多级粗乳混 合器； 最后一级粗乳混合器连接精乳混合器； 乳胶基质再经过多级精乳混 合器混合， 完成乳化；
油相和水相的比例通过油相泵和水相泵控制；
水相分流由进入每一级粗乳混合器水相流量的一级流量调节、 二级流 量调节、 三级流量调节等组成；
油相和部分水相首先进入一级粗乳混合器， 经过混合后再与二级流量 调节控制流出的部分水相进入二级粗乳混合器， 之后再与三级流量调节控 制流出的部分水相进入三级粗乳混合器进行混合；
所述的一级流量调节、 二级流量调节、 三级流量调节控制的总流量为 水相流量总调节控制的流量， 各分级流量调节之间的流量按比例分配； 所述的多级粗乳混合器至少为 3级， 精乳混合器为 1-5级；
所述的多级粗乳混合器优选为 5-7级， 精乳混合器优选为 3级； 所述的粗乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管；
所述的精乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管；
油相和水相总流量的比例按 4% ~ 10%和 90 % ~ 96 %的重量百分比混合 乳化。
本发明设备通过以下技术方案实现： 一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 包括 油相储存罐 （6 )、 水相储存罐 （7 ), 多级粗乳混合器， 多级精乳混合器， 油相储存罐 （6 )和水相储存罐（7 )分别设有油相流量调节泵（9 )和水相 流量总调节泵（8 ), 多级粗乳混合器之间串行连接， 每级粗乳混合器分别 设有流量调节， 最后一级粗乳混合器同精乳混合器连接。
所述的多级粗乳混合器至少为 3级， 精乳混合器为 1〜5级。。
所述的多级粗乳混合器优选为 5〜7级， 精乳混合器优选为 3级。
所述的多级粗乳混合器包括一级粗乳混合器（ 1 )、二级粗乳混合器（ 2 )、 三级粗乳混合器（3 ),并分别设有一级流量调节（10 )、 二级流量调节（11 )、 三级流量调节 ( 12 )。
所述的一级流量调节（10 )、 二级流量调节（11 )、 三级流量调节（12 ) 控制的总流量为水相流量总调节泵（8 )控制的流量， 各分级流量调节之间 所述的粗乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
所述的精乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
油相和水相按 4%〜 10%和 90 %〜 96 %的重量百分比混合乳化。
本发明的目的通过附图 2设备实现： 全比例油相自起始端 1进入， 约 1/5正常比例的水相自侧向自分流口 2, 以一定流速由射流孔 3喷出， 撞击 油相， 其混合物再经孔板 4, 以一定流速喷出， 形成一级粗乳； 喷出物再与 分流口 5来，并经射流孔 6以一定流速喷出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例 的水相碰撞混合， 此混合物再经孔板 7, 以一定流速喷出， 形成二级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 8来， 并经射流孔 9以一定流速喷出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合， 此混合物再经孔板 10, 以一定流速喷出， 形 成三级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 11来， 并经射流孔 12以一定流速喷出的 第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合， 此混合物再经孔板 13 , 以 一定流速喷出， 形成四级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 14来， 并经射流孔 15 以一定流速喷出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合，此混合物 再经孔板 16, 以一定流速喷出，形成五级粗乳。 喷出物最后经精乳孔板 17, 由射流孔 18 , 以一定流速喷出， 完成乳化过程。
本发明无需机械搅拌剪切和胶体泵送装置， 通过多级粗乳混合器将水 相通过流量调节的控制分多次同油相混合， 使油相每次和较少量的水相能 充分混合， 经过多次水相添加， 最终和全部的油相实现低压低温条件下较 均匀的混合， 再通过几级精乳混合器的充分混合， 得到颗粒约 1微米的胶 体基质。 由于该方法设备将水相按所需比例分次同油相混合， 将传统的一 次混合改进为多次混合， 大大减少了存药量， 无机械搅拌剪切， 不会导致 热量积聚， 压力小， 无需基质泵送， 提高了安全性。
附图说明
图 1为本发明 5级粗乳乳化工艺示意图
图 2为本发明 5级粗乳乳化设备结构示意图
具体实施方式
如附图 2所示 5级粗乳乳化设备， 进行 5级粗乳乳化： 全比例油相自 起始端 1进入， 约 1/5正常比例的水相自侧向自分流口 2, 以一定流速由射 流孔 3喷出， 撞击油相， 其混合物再经孔板 4, 以一定流速喷出， 形成一级 粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 5来， 并经射流孔 6以一定流速喷出的第二部分 比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合， 此混合物再经孔板 7 , 以一定流速喷 出， 形成二级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 8来， 并经射流孔 9以一定流速喷 出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合， 此混合物再经孔板 10, 以一定流速喷出， 形成三级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 11来， 并经射流孔 12 以一定流速喷出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞混合，此混合物 再经孔板 13 , 以一定流速喷出， 形成四级粗乳； 喷出物再与分流口 14来， 并经射流孔 15以一定流速喷出的第二部分比例约 1/5正常比例的水相碰撞 混合， 此混合物再经孔板 16, 以一定流速喷出， 形成五级粗乳。 喷出物最 后经精乳孔板 17 , 由射流孔 18 , 以一定流速喷出， 完成乳化过程。
为了更好的解释本发明， 下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细举例 说明。
实施例一： 釆用文丘里管做混合器， 粗乳级数为 7级， 精乳级数为 1 级。 油相和水相总流量按重量百分比 10%和 90 %混合。 在粗乳阶段， 水相 平均成等 7份分 7次加入混合器。 粗乳、 精乳流速分别为 10米 /秒、 20米 / 秒，产能为 5吨 /小时。试验结果：粗乳、精乳的粘度分别为 800cp、 3300cp, 体系压力为 1.5Mpa。 最终胶体的粘度与 15m/s线速度机械剪切相同。
实施例二： 釆用 SV型静态混合器做混合器， 粗乳级数为 5级， 精乳级 数为 3级。 油相和水相总流量按重量百分比 8%和 92%混合。 在粗乳阶段， 水相平均成 5等份分 5次加入粗乳静态装置。 粗乳、 精乳流速分别为 10米 /秒、 20米 /秒， 产能为 5吨 /小时。 试验结果： 粗乳、 精乳的粘度分别为 lOOOcp, 2600cp, 体系压力为 3.8Mpa。 最终胶体的粘度与 12m/s线速度机 械剪切相同。
实施例三：
釆用孔板做混合器， 粗乳级数为 3级， 静乳级数为 5级。 油相和水相 总流量按重量百分比 4%和 96%混合； 在粗乳阶段， 水相平均成 3等份分 3 次加入粗乳静态装置。 粗乳、 精乳流速分别为 15米 /秒、 20米 /秒， 产能为 5吨 /小时。 试验结果： 粗乳、 精乳的粘度分别为 1900cp、 3300cp, 体系压 力为 1.2Mpa。 最终胶体的粘度与 20m/s线速度机械剪切相同。
显然， 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例， 而并非对实施方式 的限定。 对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说， 在上述说明的基础上还可以 做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以 穷举。 而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护 范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
1) 油相全部进入一级粗乳混合器；
2)水相通过多级分流的方式分多次控制进入多级粗乳混合器；
3) 最后一级粗乳混合器连接精乳混合器；
4) 乳胶基质再经过多级精乳混合器混合， 完成乳化。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 水 相的比例釆取多级分流控制。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法，其特征在于, 步骤 2 )中的多级水相分流还包括控制进入每一级粗乳混合器水相流量的一 级流量调节、 二级流量调节、 三级流量调节， 及四级、 五级等级的流量调 节。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 油 相和部分水相首先进入一级粗乳混合器， 经过混合后再与二级流量调节控 制流出的部分水相进入二级粗乳混合器， 之后再与三级流量调节控制流出 的部分水相进入三级粗乳混合器进行混合。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 所 述的一级流量调节、 二级流量调节、 三级流量调节等多级控制的总流量为 水相总流量， 各分级流量调节之间的流量按比例分配。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 所 述的多级粗乳混合器至少为 3级， 精乳混合器为 1-5级。
7、根据权利要求 6之一所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法，其特征在于, 所述的多级粗乳混合器优选为 5-7级， 精乳混合器优选为 3级。
8、 根据权利要求 4一 7之一所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征 在于， 所述的粗乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 所 述的精乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化方法， 其特征在于， 油相和水相总流量的比例按 4%〜10%和 90 %〜96 %的重量百分比混合乳化。
11、 一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于， 包括油相储存罐 （6)、 水相储存罐（7), 多级粗乳混合器， 多级精乳混合器， 油相储存罐 （6)和 水相储存罐（7)分别设有油相流量调节泵（9)和水相流量总调节泵（8), 多级粗乳混合器之间串行连接， 每级粗乳混合器分别设有流量调节， 最后 一级粗乳混合器同精乳混合器连接。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于， 所述的多级粗乳混合器至少为 3级， 精乳混合器为 1〜5级。。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于， 所述的多级粗乳混合器优选为 5〜7级， 精乳混合器优选为 3级。
14、 根据权利要求 11所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于， 所述的多级粗乳混合器包括一级粗乳混合器（1)、 二级粗乳混合器（2)、 三级粗乳混合器（3),并分别设有一级流量调节（10)、 二级流量调节（11)、 三级流量调节 ( 12)。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于， 所述的一级流量调节 （10)、 二级流量调节 （11)、 三级流量调节 （12)控 制的总流量为水相流量总调节泵（8)控制的流量， 各分级流量调节之间的
16、 根据权利要求 11 - 15之一所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特 征在于， 所述的粗乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于, 所述的精乳混合器为静态混合器、 孔板或文丘里管。
18、 根据权利要求 Π所述的一种乳化炸药的乳化设备， 其特征在于, 油相和水相按 4%〜 10%和 90 %〜 96 %的重量百分比混合乳化。
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