WO2015035731A1 - 拔轮装置 - Google Patents

拔轮装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015035731A1
WO2015035731A1 PCT/CN2013/091133 CN2013091133W WO2015035731A1 WO 2015035731 A1 WO2015035731 A1 WO 2015035731A1 CN 2013091133 W CN2013091133 W CN 2013091133W WO 2015035731 A1 WO2015035731 A1 WO 2015035731A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamping plate
wheel
plate
front clamping
pulling device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/091133
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄士卫
张春潮
Original Assignee
北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司 filed Critical 北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority to RU2016113748A priority Critical patent/RU2628283C1/ru
Publication of WO2015035731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015035731A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B29/00—Apparatus or tools for mounting or dismounting wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/025—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque the wheels being removable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/20—Avoidance of
    • B60B2900/212—Damage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/30—Increase in
    • B60B2900/331—Safety or security
    • B60B2900/3313—Safety or security during maintenance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to general mechanical technology, and more particularly to a pulling device, which belongs to the technical field of rail locomotives.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wheelset disassembly of railway rolling stock vehicles generally adopts oil pressure retreat, heating method retracting wheel or mechanical drawing retracting wheel; mechanical drawing retracting wheel is a mechanical force to overcome the frictional force between the wheel and the axle, so that the frictional force is Wheels and axles are separated.
  • the mechanical method retracting wheel can avoid the problem of permanent plastic deformation of the wheel shaft hole caused by the oil pressure retracting wheel, it can also avoid the problem that the heating method retracting wheel may be affected by the local temperature of the material, so the prior art
  • the appropriate wheel puller is used in the middle to remove the wheelset.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wheel puller device in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of a wheel having a pull wheel hole in the prior art
  • the existing puller device includes a drawbar 2, a card block 3 and a spacer block 4;
  • An interference fit is provided between the wheel 1 of the wheel hole 6 and the axle 5, and one end of the pull rod 2 passes through the pull wheel hole 6, and one end of the pull rod 2 is fixed by the block 3 on the inner side of the web of the wheel 1, the block 3
  • there is a pad 4 which ensures uniform force; when the axle 5 is fixed, the other end of the tie rod 2 exerts an outward force F, thereby overcoming the friction between the wheel and the axle, and reaching the pullback
  • the wheel hole must be provided on the wheel web, otherwise the wheel can not be pulled and pulled; and the wheel with the wheel hole is reduced in strength. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a pulling device for pulling out the installation.
  • a wheel on the axle comprising: a front clamping plate, a rear clamping plate for pressing the inner side of the wheel, a drawbar and at least one clevis; the clevis respectively connecting the front clamps arranged in parallel a plate and the rear clamping plate forming a cavity for accommodating the wheel; the front clamping plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is bored for pulling the front clamping plate
  • the lever, The pull rod is parallel to the axle in the axial direction.
  • the puller device as described above, wherein the puller device further includes a backing plate for tight contact with the wheel, the backing plate being disposed between the inner side of the wheel and the rear holding plate.
  • the backing plate comprises a U-shaped spacer, a contact block and a hook; an opening of the U-shaped spacer is sleeved on the axle; the contact block is fixed to the U a spacer on the side facing the wheel; the u-shaped spacer is provided with the hook for hanging on the edge of the wheel.
  • the pull rod includes a pull post and a U-shaped stop;
  • the pull post is provided with a card slot at one end of the front clamp plate, and the card slot is fitted with The U-shaped stopper;
  • the U-shaped stopper is disposed between the front clamping plate and the wheel, and is above the front clamping plate.
  • the front clamping plate further comprises at least two front splint assemblies and at least one ⁇ front connecting plate, the front connecting plate connecting at least two of the front cleat assemblies Integral; or/and, the rear clamping plate further comprises at least two rear splint assemblies and at least one rear splicing plate, the rear connecting plate connecting at least two of the rear splint assemblies into one body.
  • the upper portion of at least one of the front holding plate and the rear holding plate is provided with a lifting ring.
  • the pulling device of the present invention will hold the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate on both sides of the wheel through the u-clip, and when pulling the pulling rod outward, the pulling force can be pulled through the pulling rod, the front clamping plate, the clevis and the rear
  • the clamping plate acts evenly on the inner side of the wheel, thereby overcoming the friction generated by the interference fit between the wheel and the axle, and separating the wheel from the axle.
  • the invention not only solves the problem that the wheel of the prior art without the wheel hole can be pushed and unloaded, but the rattan is safe, does not damage the wheel, and avoids the problem of stress concentration and deformation of the wheel.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art puller device
  • 2 is a structural view of a wheel having a wheel hole in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pulling device of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a pad of a pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a drawbar of a puller device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a front clamping plate of a pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rear clamping plate of a pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic view showing an installation step (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic view showing an installation step (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9C is a schematic diagram of an installation step (3) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9D is a schematic view showing an installation step (4) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9E is a schematic diagram of an installation step (5) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9F is a schematic view of the mounting step (6) of the embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a puller device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the puller device of the present embodiment is used for pulling out a wheel 2 mounted on an axle 1, the puller device comprising: a front clamping plate 6, a rear clamp Holding the plate 7, the tie rod 3 and at least one clevis 8; the clevis 8 is respectively connected with the front clamping plate 6 and the rear clamping plate 7 arranged in parallel to form a cavity for accommodating the newspaper 2;
  • the plate 6 passes through the axial end of the axle 1 and is disposed on the outer side of the wheel 2, the rear clamping plate 7 is used to press against the inner side of the wheel 2, and the clevis will clamp the front clamping plate 6 and the rear clamping plate 7 is entangled on both inner and outer sides of the wheel 2;
  • the front clamping plate 6 is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is provided with a tie rod 3 for pulling the front clamping plate 6, the tie rod 3 is parallel with the shaft 1 in the axial direction
  • the pulling force F can be pulled through the pulling rod 3 and the front clamping when the pulling rod 3 is pulled outward.
  • the plate 6, the clevis 8 and the rear clamping plate act uniformly on the inner side of the wheel 2, thereby overcoming the frictional force generated by the interference fit between the wheel 2 and 1 such that 2 is separated from one.
  • the embodiment of the invention not only solves the problem that the unloading wheel hole can not be pushed and unloaded in the prior art, but also operates safely without damaging the wheel, and can avoid the stress of the web caused by the use of the tie rod in the prior art. Problems such as concentration and deformation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the pulling device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the puller device of the present invention may further comprise a backing plate 9 for intimate contact with the wheel 2, the backing plate 9 being disposed between the wheel 2 and the rear clamping plate 7 for rear clamping
  • the plate 7 effectively exerts a thrust on the contact surface of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ $& 2 when pulling the wheel.
  • I can replace the pad according to the shape of the specific wheel web for better versatility.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pad of a puller device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the specific structure of the pad 9 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a U-shaped spacer 90, a contact block 91 and a hook 92.
  • the opening of the U-shaped spacer 90 is sleeved in On the axle 1; the contact block 91 is fixed on the U-shaped spacer 90 and faces the side of the wheel 2, and the contact block 91 is evenly distributed on the U-shaped spacer 90 with the axle 1 as an axis when in use; the hook 92 is disposed on the U-shaped
  • the spacer 90 is attached to the top edge of the wheel 2 to ensure easy installation.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pull rod of a pull-wheel device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optimization scheme based on the above technical solution of the present embodiment is that the pull rod 3 includes a pull rod 30 and a U-shaped block 32; before the pull rod 31 passes through One end of the through hole in the clamping plate 6 is provided with a card slot 31, and the card slot 31 is fitted with a U-shaped stopper 32; the U-shaped stopper 32 is disposed between the front clamping plate 6 and the wheel 2 in use, and Abutting against the front clamping plate 6, a U-shaped stopper 32 is used to transmit the tensile force on the tie rod 3 to the front clamping plate 6.
  • the pull-tab 30 and the U-shaped stop 32 are fitted in a fitting manner, which facilitates assembly during installation.
  • the front clamping plate 6 further comprises at least two front clamping plate assemblies and at least one central front connecting plate 60, and the front connecting plate 60 will have at least two blocks.
  • the front clamping plate assembly is integrally connected;
  • the rear clamping plate 7 further comprises at least two rear clamping plate assemblies and at least one rearward connecting plate 70, and the rear connecting plate 70 connects at least two of the rear clamping plate assemblies into one body.
  • One of the front clamping plate 6 and the rear clamping plate 7 adopts an assembly structure that can be integrally connected, or an assembly structure is adopted according to installation requirements.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a front clamping plate of a pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the front clamping plate 6 further includes a left front clamping plate assembly 61, a right front clamping plate assembly 62 and two front connecting plates 60.
  • the left front cleat assembly 61 and the right front cleat assembly 62 are bolted together by two front connecting plates 60 to form a front clamping plate 6; FIG.
  • the rear clamping plate 7 further includes a left rear clamping plate assembly 71, a right rear clamping plate assembly 72 and two rear connecting plates 70, and the left rear clamping plate assembly 71 and the right rear clamping plate assembly 72 are passed through two rear connecting plates 70 bolts.
  • the connection is integrated and together constitutes the rear clamping plate 7.
  • At least one reinforcing plate for improving the rigidity of the clamping plate is disposed on a side away from the wheel 2 according to actual use requirements; the front clamping plate 6 and the rear clamping plate 7, according to the actual use needs, at least one of the upper portion is provided with a lifting ring for convenient transportation; among the front clamping plate 6 and the rear clamping plate 7, according to actual needs, at least one The bottom is provided with a base. Specifically, as shown in FIGS.
  • the front clamping plate base 63 is welded by angle steel for supporting the front clamping plate 6 and is divided into two parts, which are respectively combined with the left front clamping plate #61 and the right front clamping plate combination # 62 welded together; left front splint combination #61 and right front splint assembly 62, both of which are welded with a front lifting lug 64 on the top, each of which is welded with a front reinforcing panel 65.
  • the rear clamping plate base 73 is welded by angle steel and is divided into two parts, which are respectively welded together with the left rear clamping plate assembly 71 and the right rear clamping plate assembly 72, and the left rear clamping plate assembly 71 and the right rear clamping plate assembly 72. They are welded to the top with a rear lifting lug 74, each of which is welded with a rear reinforcing plate 75.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic view showing the mounting step (1) of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the right front cleat combination 62 and the left rear cleat assembly 71 which have been welded with the base and the lifting ring, are welded together by two U-shaped clips 8, that is, U-shaped. After the clip 8 has the right front cleat assembly 62 and the left rear cleat assembly 71 snapped together, they are welded together to form a pair of hollow assemblies;
  • Figure 9B is a schematic view showing the mounting step (2) of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the wheel 2 and the axle 1 are loaded into one of the pair of assemblies formed by the step (1);
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic view showing the mounting step (3) of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pad 9 is placed between the left rear cleat assembly 71 and the second plate, and the pad 9 is hung on the top of the ⁇ 2, and the body plate 9 is mounted on the body plate 9.
  • the insect block 91 and the ⁇ 2 embrace;
  • Figure 9D is a schematic view of the installation step (4) of the embodiment of the present invention, loading the drawbar 9;
  • 9E is a schematic view showing a mounting step (5) according to an embodiment of the present invention, another symmetrical assembly formed according to the operation method of the step (1), and the corresponding pull rod 3 is also mounted after the assembly is mounted on the wheel 2;
  • 9F is a schematic diagram of the installation step (6) of the embodiment of the present invention, and the front connecting plate 60 will be symmetric left
  • the front splint assembly 61 and the right front splint assembly 62 are joined, and the symmetrical left rear cleat assembly 71 and the right rear cleat assembly 72 are joined by the rear connecting plate 70; then, the axle 1 is held against the axle 3, and a pulling force is applied to the drawbar 3 , the wheel 2 can be separated from the axle 1 .
  • the pulling device of the present invention will hold the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate on both sides of the wheel through the clevis, and when pulling the pulling rod outward, the pulling force can be pulled through the pulling rod, the front clamping plate, the clevis and the rear
  • the clamping plate acts evenly on the inner side of the wheel to overcome the friction between the wheel and the interference fit between the wheels and the wheel.
  • the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate adopt a combined structure, which facilitates installation work in a narrow space and reduces labor intensity; and the design of the lifting ring, the base and the reinforcing plate on the clamping plate is not only easy to combine, It is more convenient for the safety process, making the puller more convenient and safe.

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Abstract

一种拔轮装置，用于拔出安装于车轴（1）上的车轮（2），包括：前夹持板（6）、用于压紧车轮（2）内侧的后夹持板（7）、拉杆（3）和至少一个U形夹（8）；U形夹（8）分别连接平行设置的前夹持板（6）和后夹持板（7），形成一个用于容置车轮（2）的空腔；前夹持板（6）上设置有通孔，通孔内穿设有用于牵引前夹持板（6）的拉杆（3），拉杆（3）与车轴（1）在轴向平行。该拔轮装置通过U形夹（8）将前夹持板（6）和后夹持板（7）抱合在车轮（2）的两侧，向外拉动拉杆（3）时，拉力F可经拉杆（3）、前夹持板（6）、U形夹（8）和后夹持板（7）均匀作用于车轮（2）内侧面上，从而克服车轮（2）与车轴（1）之间过盈配合产生的摩擦力，使车轮（2）和车轴（1）分离。解决了现有技术中无拔轮孔的车轮无法推卸的问题，而且操作安全，不会损伤车轮，并且避免了车轮应力集中和变形。

Description

拔轮装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通用机械技术， 尤其涉及一种拔轮装置， 属于轨道机车工 器具技术领域。 背景技术 铁道机车车辆的轮对拆卸一般采用油压退轮、 加热法退轮或机械拉拔 退轮； 机械拉拔退轮是利用机械力克服车轮与车轴之间过盈配合的摩擦 力， 使车轮、 车轴分离。 由于机械法退轮可以避免油压退轮可能对车轮轴 孔造成的永久塑性变形问题， 也可以避免加热法退轮可能因局部温度过高 造成材料的组织性能受影响的问题， 所以现有技术中都采用适当的拔轮装 置来进行轮对拆卸。
图 1为现有技术中拔轮装置剖面图， 图 2为现有技术中具有拔轮孔的 车轮结构图， 现有的拔轮装置包括拉杆 2、 卡块 3和垫块 4; 带有拔轮孔 6的车轮 1与车轴 5之间为过盈配合， 拉杆 2的一端穿过拔轮孔 6， 在车 轮 1腹板内侧面上通过卡块 3将拉杆 2的一端固定好，卡块 3与车轮 1套 有保证受力均匀的垫块 4; 在车轴 5固定的情况下， 拉杆 2的另一端上施 加向外侧的力 F, 从而克服车轮与车轴之间的摩擦力， 达到拉拔退轮的目 的。 现有技术的拔轮装置， 必须在车轮腹板上设置拔轮孔， 否则无法对车 轮进行拉拔退轮； 而设置了拔轮孔的车轮， 其强度也会有所降低。 发明内容
为解决现有技术中采用拔轮孔拔轮引起车轮应力过高和变形、 无拔轮 孔的车轮无法拉拔退轮的技术问题， 本发明特提供一种拔轮装置， 用于拔 出安装于车轴上的车轮， 包括： 前夹持板、 用于压紧所述车轮内侧的后夹 持板、 拉杆和至少一个 U形夹； 所述 U形夹分别连接平行设置的所述前 夹持板和所述后夹持板， 形成一个用于容置所述车轮的空腔； 所述前夹持 板上设置有通孔， 所述通孔内穿设有用于牵引所述前夹持板的所述拉杆， 所述拉杆与所述车轴在轴向平行。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述拔轮装置还包括用于和所述车轮紧 密接触的垫板， 所述垫板设置于所述车轮内侧与所述后夹持板之间。
如上所述的拔轮装置，其中，所述垫板包括 U形垫片、接触块和挂钩； 所述 U形垫片的开口套设在所述车轴上； 所述接触块固定于所述 U形垫 片上并朝向所述车轮一侧；所述 u形垫片上设置有用于挂在所述车轮边沿 上的所述挂钩。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述拉杆包括拉柱和 U形挡块； 所述拉柱在 穿过所述前夹持板的一端设置有卡槽，所述卡槽上嵌合有所述 u形挡块；所述 U 形挡块设置于所述前夹持板与所述车轮之间， 并 ί»于所述前夹持板之上。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述前夹持板还包括至少两块前夹板组合件 和至少一±夬前连接板， 所述前连接板将至少两块所述前夹板组合件连接为 一体；或 /和，所述后夹持板还包括至少两块后夹板组合件和至少一 ±夬后连接板， 所述后连接板将至少两块所述后夹板组合件连接为一体。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述前夹板组合件、 所述后夹板组合件、 所 述 u形夹和所述拉杆至少为两个， 且均相对于所述 由中心对称分布。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述前夹持板和所述后夹持板之中， 至少有 一个在远离所述 的侧面上设置有加强板。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述前夹持板和所述后夹持板之中， 至少有 一个的上部设置有吊环。
如上所述的拔轮装置， 其中， 所述前夹持板和所述后夹持板之中， 至少有 一个的下部设置有底座。
本发明的拔轮装置由于通过 u形夹将将前夹持板和后夹持板抱合在车轮的两 侧， 向外拉动拉杆时， 拉力可经拉杆、 前夹持板、 U形夹和后夹持板均匀作用于车 轮内侧面上， 从而克服车轮与车轴间过盈配合产生的摩擦力， 使车轮和车轴分离。 本发明不仅解决了现有技术中无拔轮孔的车轮无法推卸的问题， 而藤作安全， 不 会损伤车轮， 并且避免了车轮应力集中和变形的问题。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中拔轮装置的剖面图； 图 2为现有技术中具有拔轮孔的车轮结构图；
图 3为本发明实施例的拔轮装置剖面图；
图 4为本发明实施例的拔轮装置装配示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的垫板示意图；
图 6为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的拉杆示意图；
图 7为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的前夹持板结构示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的后夹持板结构示意图;
图 9A为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （1 ) 示意图；
图 9B为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （2 ) 示意图；
图 9C为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （3 ) 示意图；
图 9D为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （4 ) 示意图；
图 9E为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （5 ) 示意图；
图 9F为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （6 ) 示意图。 具体实施方式
图 3为本发明实施例的拔轮装置剖面图， 本实施例的拔轮装置用于将 安装于车轴 1上的车轮 2拉拔出来， 该拔轮装置包括： 前夹持板 6、后夹持板 7、拉杆 3和至少一个 U形夹 8; U形夹 8分别连接平行设置的前夹持板 6和后夹持 板 7，形成一个用于容置報 2的空腔；前夹持板 6穿过车轴 1的轴端且安置于车轮 2的外侧面上，后夹持板 7用于压紧在车轮 2的内侧面上， U形夹将前夹持板 6和后 夹持板 7抱合在车轮 2的内外两侧； 前夹持板 6上设置有通孔， 该通孔内穿设有用 于牵引前夹持板 6的拉杆 3，拉杆 3与 由 1在轴向平行；拉杆 3也可以采用其 ^¾ 接方式安装在前夹持板 ό上， 拉杆 3的长度主体朝向车轴 1的轴端朝向一致。 在上 述技术方案中， 由于通过 U形夹 8将将前夹持板 6和后夹持板 7抱合在车轮 2的两 侧， 向外拉动拉杆 3时， 拉力 F可经拉杆 3、前夹持板 6、 U形夹 8和后夹持板均匀 作用于车轮 2内侧面上， 从而克服车轮 2与 由 1之间过盈配合产生的摩擦力， 使 2和 由 1分离。 本发明实施例不仅解决了现有技术中无拔轮孔的 无法推 卸的问题， 而且操作安全， 不会损伤车轮， 更能够避免现有技术中使用拉杆作用在 拔轮子 L±导致 腹板的应力集中和变形等问题。
在上述技术方案的基础上， 图 4为本发明实施例的拔轮装置装配示意图， 如图 3、 4中， 本发明的拔轮装置还可以包括用于和车轮 2紧密接触的垫板 9， 垫板 9设置于车轮 2和后夹持板 7之间， 用于使后夹持板 7在拔轮时有效的将 推力作用于 ¾^ΐ$& 2的接触面上。 实际使用的时I矣， 可以根据具体的车轮腹板形 状， 更换垫板， 以获得更好的通用性。 图 5为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的垫板 示意图， 本发明实施例的垫板 9具体结构包括 U形垫片 90、 接触块 91和 挂钩 92; U形垫片 90的开口套设在车轴 1上； 接触块 91固定于 U形垫 片 90上并朝向车轮 2—侧， 接触块 91在使用时以车轴 1为轴心均匀分布 在 U形垫片 90上； 挂钩 92设置于 U形垫片 90上， 并能够挂在车轮 2的 顶部边沿， 保证方便的安装。
图 6为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的拉杆示意图， 在本实施例上述技术方 案的基础上的优化方案为：拉杆 3包括拉柱 30和 U形挡块 32;拉柱 31在穿过前夹 持板 6上通孔的一端设置有卡槽 31， 卡槽 31上嵌合有 U形挡块 32; U形挡块 32在使用时设置于前夹持板 6与车轮 2之间， 并抵靠于前夹持板 6之上， U形挡 块 32用于将拉杆 3上的拉力传递给前夹持板 6。 拉柱 30与 U形挡块 32采用嵌合 的连接方式， 更加方便了安装时装配。
本实施例的进一步优化方案为， 在上述实施例的基础上， 前夹持板 6还包括至 少两块前夹板组合件和至少一 ±央前连接板 60， 前连接板 60将至少两块所述前 夹板组合件连接为一体； 后夹持板 7还包括至少两块后夹板组合件和至少一 ±夬 后连接板 70， 后连接板 70将至少两块所述后夹板组合件连接为一体； 前夹 持板 6和后夹持板 7其中一个采用可连接为一体的组合件结构， 或者根据安装需要 均采用组合件结构。 前、 后夹持板分别采用夹持板组合件组成， 可以在安装时将夹 持板厚重的质量分配到 组合件上， 方便了安装， 尤其是在拔轮空间比较狭小的 情况下更加实用， 一! ¾¾用二个组合件的结构， 也可以根据需要采用多个组合件。 具体实施例中， 图 7为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的前夹持板结构示意图， 前 夹持板 6还包括左前夹板组合件 61、 右前夹板组合件 62和两块前连接板 60， 左 前夹板组合件 61和右前夹板组合件 62通过两块前连接板 60螺栓连接为一体， 共同构成了前夹持板 6; 图 8为本发明实施例的拔轮装置的后夹持板结构示 意图， 后夹持板 7还包括左后夹板组合件 71、 右后夹板组合件 72和两块后连接 板 70， 左后夹板组合件 71和右后夹板组合件 72通过两块后连接板 70螺栓连接 为一体， 共同构成了后夹持板 7。 在实际使用中， 前夹持板 6和后夹持板 7之中， 根据实际使用需要， 至少 有一个在远离车轮 2的侧面上设置有用于提高夹持板刚度的加强板；前夹持板 6和后夹持板 7之中， 根据实际使用需要， 至少有一个的上部设置有便于调运 的吊环； 前夹持板 6和后夹持板 7之中， 根据实际使用需要， 至少有一个的下 部设置有底座。 具体的， 如图 7、 8所示， 前夹持板底座 63由角钢焊接而成， 用于支撑前夹持板 6， 分为两个部分， 分别与左前夹板组合 #61和右前夹板组合 #62焊接在一起； 左前夹板组合 #61和右前夹板组合 62， 它们的顶部均焊接有一 个前吊耳 64， 它们的侧面各自均焊接有前加强板 65。 后夹持板底座 73由角钢 焊接而成， 分为两个部分， 分别与左后夹板组合件 71、右后夹板组合件 72焊接在 一起，左后夹板组合件 71和右后夹板组合件 72，它们的顶部均焊接有一个后吊耳 74， 它们的侧面各自均焊接有后加强板 75。
在上述所有的技术方案中， 前夹板组合件、 后夹板组合件、 U形夹 8和拉 杆 3，它们中的任意某个至少为两个时，均相对于车轴 1中心对称分布。对称分布可 以减少拉杆对 的应力不均衡的影响， 有效的保护 ， 同时使拆卸过程更加平 稳。
本发明的拔轮装置的具体安装步骤可以根据实际需要来安排， 下面给出 其中一种安装步骤：
图 9A为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （1 ) 示意图， 将已经焊接有底座和吊 环的右前夹板组合 62和左后夹板组合件 71用两个 U型夹 8焊装在一起，即采用 U 型夹 8将右前夹板组合件 62和左后夹板组合件 71卡和在一起后， 再将它们焊接在一 起， 最终形成一对中空的装配体；
图 9B为本发明实施例的安装步骤（2 )示意图， 将车轮 2和车轴 1装入步骤 ( 1 ) 所形成的其中一对装配体中；
图 9C为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （3 ) 示意图， 将垫板 9放置于左后夹板 组合件 71和^ 2之间， 将垫板 9挂在^ 2的顶部， 體板 9上的御虫块 91与^ 2相 擁；
图 9D为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （4 ) 示意图， 装入拉杆 9;
图 9E为本发明实施例的安装步骤 （5 ) 示意图， 按照步骤 （1 ) 的操作方 法形成的另一对称装配体，并将此装配体装入车轮 2上后也安装相应的拉杆 3 ; 图 9F为本发明实施例的安装步骤（6 )示意图， 用前连接板 60将对称的左 前夹板组合件 61和右前夹板组合 62连接起来， 用后连接板 70将对称的左后夹板 组合件 71和右后夹板组合件 72连接起来;然后,顶住车轴 1， 在拉杆 3上施加拉力， 即可将车轮 2与车轴 1分离。
本发明的拔轮装置由于通过 U形夹将将前夹持板和后夹持板抱合在车轮的两 侧， 向外拉动拉杆时， 拉力可经拉杆、 前夹持板、 U形夹和后夹持板均匀作用于车 轮内侧面上， 从而克服车轮与 由间过盈配合产生的摩擦力， 使车轮和 由分离。 而且， 前夹持板和后夹持板采用组合式结构， 方便了狭小空间内安装作业， 且降低 了劳动强度； 并且， 夹持板上采用吊环、 底座和加强板的设计， 不仅易于组合， 更 加方便了安 ¾1；程， 使拔轮作 作更加方便和安全。
最后应说明的是： 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非 对其限制； 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的 普通技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进 行修改， 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或 者替换， 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范 围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种拔轮装置， 用于拔出安装于车轴上的车轮， 其特征在于， 包括: 前夹持板、 用于压紧所述车轮内侧的后夹持板、 拉杆和至少一个 U形夹； 所述 U形 夹分别连接平行设置的所述前夹持板和所述后夹持板，形成一个用于容置所述 的 空腔； 所述前夹持板上设置有通孔， 所述通孔内穿设有用于牵引所述前夹持板的所述 拉杆， 所述拉杆与所述 在轴向平行。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述拔轮装置还包括用 于和所述车轮紧密接触的垫板， 所述垫板设置于所述车轮内侧与所述后夹持 板之间。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的拔轮装置，其特征在于，所述垫板包括 U形垫片、 接触块和挂钩； 所述 U形垫片的开口套设在所述车轴上； 所述接触块固定 于所述 U形垫片上并朝向所述车轮一侧； 所述 U形垫片上设置有用于挂在 所述车轮边沿上的所述挂钩。
4、 根据权利要求 1任一所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述拉杆包括拉柱和 U形挡块；所述拉柱在穿过所述前夹持板的一端设置有卡槽，所述卡槽上嵌合有所 述 u形挡块； 所述 u形挡块设置于所述前夹持板与所述车轮之间， 并 ί»于所述 前夹持板之上。
5、根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的拔轮装置，其特征在于，所述前夹持板还包括 至少两块前夹板组合件和至少一 ±央前连接板， 所述前连接板将至少两块所述前 夹板组合件连接为一体； 或 /和， 所述后夹持板还包括至少两块后夹板组合件和 至少一 ±夬后连接板，所述后连接板将至少两块所述后夹板组合件连接为一体。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述前夹板组合件、 所述 后夹板组合件、所述 U形夹和所述拉杆至少为两个，且均相对于所述车轴中心对称分 布。
7、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述前夹持板和所 述后夹持板之中， 至少有一个在远离所述车轮的侧面上设置有加强板。
8、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述前夹持板和所 述后夹持板之中， 至少有一个的上部设置有吊环。
9、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的拔轮装置， 其特征在于， 所述前夹持板和所 述后夹持板之中， 至少有一个的下部设置有底座。
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