WO2015029506A1 - 電極用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極、電極用触媒材料の製造方法、及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
電極用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極、電極用触媒材料の製造方法、及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
- H01M4/885—Impregnation followed by reduction of the catalyst salt precursor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8875—Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode catalyst material in a solid oxide fuel cell. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electrode catalyst material, a fuel cell electrode, a method for producing an electrode catalyst material, and the like that can increase the reduction rate and improve the catalyst performance.
- a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as “SOFC”) includes a solid electrolyte-electrode stack in which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are provided on both sides of a solid electrolyte layer.
- YSZ yttria-stabilized zirconia
- BCY yttrium-added barium selenate
- BZY yttrium-added barium zirconate
- the anode electrode of the SOFC is usually configured by adding a catalyst component to the solid oxide constituting the solid electrolyte layer.
- a catalyst component such as platinum
- platinum can be used as the catalyst component, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases.
- inexpensive nickel (Ni) can be employed as a catalyst.
- nickel (Ni) is employed as an electrode catalyst
- a nickel oxide powder is added to a powder material constituting a solid electrolyte, formed into a predetermined shape, and then sintered and reduced to provide a catalytic function. To come out. For this reason, it is thought that a catalyst function improves, so that a reduction rate is large.
- the present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode catalyst material capable of enhancing the catalytic function in a fuel cell by increasing the reduction rate of the catalyst. To do.
- One aspect of the present invention is a catalyst material for an electrode of a fuel cell, comprising nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, and with respect to the total mass of the nickel metal component and the cobalt metal component, It comprises 2 to 15% by mass of a metal component.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method for producing an electrode catalyst material for a fuel cell comprising nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, wherein the cobalt metal component is a total amount of the nickel metal component and the cobalt metal component.
- an addition step of adding cobalt oxide to nickel oxide by an impregnation method so as to be 2 to 15% by mass is included.
- One aspect of the present invention is a fuel cell electrode catalyst material comprising nickel oxide and iron oxide, and with respect to the total mass of nickel metal component and iron metal component, iron metal Contains 2-10% by weight of ingredients.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method for producing an electrode catalyst material for a fuel cell comprising nickel oxide and iron oxide, wherein the amount of iron metal relative to the total amount of nickel metal component and iron metal component An addition step of adding iron oxide to nickel oxide by an impregnation method is included so that the component becomes 2 to 10% by mass.
- NiO nickel oxide
- XAFS X-ray absorption fine structure analysis
- the nickel catalyst component compounded in the electrode of the fuel cell is present as an oxide at the initial stage of being incorporated in the fuel cell.
- the initial reduction step is performed by heating the electrolyte-electrode stack of the fuel cell and allowing hydrogen to act. If nickel oxide is not sufficiently reduced in this initial reduction step, the performance of the fuel cell is lowered. Therefore, it is considered that the higher the degree of reduction of nickel oxide, the better the performance of the fuel cell.
- Ni has been sufficiently reduced by measuring the voltage between the electrodes or by monitoring the change in the supply amount of fuel gas and the partial pressure of water vapor in the exhaust gas. It was. However, since the degree of reduction measured by these methods varies depending on the concentration and flow rate of hydrogen gas, the actual reduction state of nickel cannot be accurately detected.
- the inventors of the present invention have developed a technique that can accurately measure the reduction state of nickel oxide in the initial reduction process without using an actual fuel cell, and invented the present invention using this technique. I arrived.
- the reduction rate of nickel oxide is obtained by an apparatus that reproduces the reducing atmosphere of an electrode in a fuel cell by using X-ray absorption fine structure analysis (hereinafter referred to as XAFS). Ask.
- XAFS X-ray absorption fine structure analysis
- Ask a reduction rate is a value shown by the mass% of the reduced nickel metal with respect to the mass of the nickel metal component of the added catalyst.
- XAFS is a spectrum obtained due to excitation of internal electrons by X-ray irradiation, and information for each element of interest can be obtained. Depending on the energy range and the excitation process, it is divided into XANS (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure).
- XANS is a spectral structure that depends on the valence and coordination structure of the element of interest due to excitation to an unoccupied orbit.
- EXAFS is a vibration structure obtained due to the interaction between excited electrons and scattered electrons from neighboring atoms, and the radial distribution function obtained by Fourier transform is the local structure of the element of interest (the type of surrounding atoms). , Interatomic distance).
- XAFS allows the reduction gas (H 2 ) to act and measures changes in the reduction state in a heated atmosphere, so the initial reduction process of the fuel cell can be performed with high accuracy without using an actual fuel cell. It became possible to measure while reproducing.
- the K absorption edge spectrum of NiO has a form in the direction of an arrow according to the degree of reduction (or as the reduction operation time elapses), that is, It changes so as to approach the K absorption edge spectrum of nickel metal.
- the K absorption edge spectrum of NiO is high, and it can be seen that the peak spectrum decreases as the reduction proceeds (as time elapses).
- the Ni absorption standard spectrum (before reduction) and the K absorption edge spectrum of Ni metal are measured.
- the reduction rate of the Ni catalyst of the electrode material is determined by LCF analysis (Linear Combination Fitting) by combining the NiO standard sample and the K absorption edge spectrum of the Ni metal.
- the K absorption edge spectrum of the nickel oxide (NiO standard sample) and the Ni metal with respect to the measured K absorption edge spectrum of the nickel oxide (NiO) of the electrode material are assumed to appear at a rate corresponding to the reduction rate.
- the reduction rate of nickel oxide can be quantified and measured.
- One aspect of the present invention is a fuel cell electrode catalyst material comprising nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, and cobalt metal with respect to the total mass of nickel metal component and cobalt metal component. It contains 2 to 15% by mass of components.
- the cobalt metal component is added as cobalt oxide and reduced together with nickel oxide.
- the reason why the reduction rate of nickel is increased by adding a cobalt metal component is unknown, but when nickel is reduced, cobalt has some effect on the reduction of nickel, so that the reduction rate is considered to increase. .
- NiO, Ni 2 O 3 or the like can be used as the nickel oxide that can be used in this embodiment.
- cobalt oxides may be employed CoO, Co 2 O 3, Co 3 O 4 and the like.
- Ni—Co composite oxides such as NiCo 2 O 4 can be employed.
- the cobalt metal component can be added in an amount of 2 to 15% by mass based on the total mass of the nickel metal component and the cobalt metal component.
- the addition amount is less than 2% by mass, the reduction rate of nickel cannot be increased.
- the addition amount of the cobalt metal component is 5% by mass or less.
- the catalyst material according to the present embodiment has a structure in which cobalt oxide is dispersedly supported on part or all of the outer peripheral portion of nickel oxide.
- the particle diameter of the nickel oxide is preferably set to 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, and the particle diameter of the cobalt oxide is preferably set to 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the reduction rate of Ni can be further increased.
- the Ni—Co oxide can be formed by an impregnation method. Although the details of the reason why the reduction rate of Ni oxide in the Ni—Co oxide formed by the impregnation method is increased are unknown, these oxides are close to each other compared to a simple mixture of Ni oxide and Co oxide. This is considered to be because the influence of the Co component on the reduction of the Ni component is increased.
- the catalyst material containing the Ni—Co oxide is composed of 50% or more of oxide composite particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. It is preferable to adopt. If the particle size is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, the cost required for pulverization increases. On the other hand, when the particle size is larger than 50 ⁇ m, the active sites are decreased and the catalyst performance is lowered. Moreover, in order to ensure a catalyst function, it is preferable to employ those containing 50% or more of the above particle diameter.
- the electrode catalyst material can be used for various electrode materials to form electrodes.
- the electrode of a fuel cell is formed by mixing the solid electrolyte used for the solid electrolyte layer of the fuel cell and the electrode catalyst material, and molding and sintering.
- Examples of the solid electrolyte constituting the electrode include yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttrium-added barium selenate (BCY), yttrium-added barium zirconate (BZY), scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ), lanthanum strontium gallium manga Nate (LSGM) or the like can be employed.
- the electrode catalyst material is kneaded together with the solid electrolyte material, molded, and then sintered.
- an anode electrode but a cathode electrode can be comprised using the electrode material which concerns on this embodiment.
- the electrode catalyst material is an addition step of adding cobalt oxide to nickel oxide by an impregnation method so that the cobalt metal component is 2 to 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of the nickel metal component and the cobalt metal component.
- the electrode material employing the iron oxide includes nickel oxide and iron oxide, and contains 2 to 10% by mass of the iron metal component with respect to the total mass of the nickel metal component and the iron metal component. It is preferable to include it.
- the electrode material in which the iron oxide is blended is obtained by impregnating nickel oxide with iron oxide so that the iron metal component is 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of nickel metal component and iron metal component. It can manufacture including the addition process to add.
- the electrode catalyst material blended with pig iron oxide can constitute an electrode of a fuel cell together with various solid electrolyte materials.
- the reduction rate of the Ni component is preferably set to 95% or more. Thereby, the efficiency of the fuel cell can be increased.
- sample preparation by impregnation method As shown in FIG. 3, a predetermined amount of Co (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and Fe (NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O are weighed in predetermined amounts, respectively, to obtain a Co component and an Fe component.
- the catalyst material blended with is adjusted.
- the last two digits of the sample name are the mass% of the Co metal component relative to the total mass of the Ni metal component and the Co metal component, and the mass% of the Fe metal component relative to the total mass of the Ni metal component and the Fe metal component. Show.
- NiO is put into 150 mL of pure water obtained by ion exchange. After stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, the above Co (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and Fe (NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O are added. Add pure water to make a total of 300 mL, add a stirrer and further stir with a stirrer while heating at 80 ° C. or higher. When water evaporates from the solution to 50 mL or less, the stirrer is removed, and the water is further evaporated while stirring with a glass rod.
- the powder obtained by the above operation is put in a crucible, heated to 400 ° C. over 1 hour, held at 400 ° C. for 2 hours, and then cooled. Then, it grind
- the powder obtained by the above operation is heated to 1200 ° C. over 6 hours, held at 1200 ° C. for 6 hours, and then cooled.
- each of the above samples has a form in which cobalt oxide or iron oxide is supported on part or all of the surface of nickel oxide.
- EC catalyst Nihon Kasei Co., Ltd. EC Vehicle 3-097
- uniaxial compression molding was performed to obtain a green compact with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the measuring device 3 In order to reproduce the initial reduction process of the fuel cell, the measuring device 3 according to the present embodiment heats the hydrogen gas while acting on each sample 2 as described above, and measures the reduction rate, as shown in FIG. . For this reason, the sample 2 was placed in a container 1 in which hydrogen gas can flow, and this container was placed between the detectors 4 and 5 of the XAFS measuring apparatus 3a for measurement.
- the reduction rate was as described above by heating the sample 2 to 400 ° C. over a predetermined time in a nitrogen atmosphere and flowing helium gas containing 3% hydrogen at a temperature of 400 ° C. Measurements were taken every 90 seconds by the method. The measurement was performed on nickel oxide (NiO standard sample) and each of the above samples, and the reduction rate of Ni in each sample was obtained by the method described above. Moreover, the reduction rate was calculated
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change over time in the reduction rate of a composite catalyst composed of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change over time in the reduction rate of the composite catalyst composed of nickel oxide and iron oxide.
- FIG. 9 shows a change with time of the reduction rate of the cobalt oxide according to FIG. 7, and
- FIG. 10 shows a change with time of the reduction rate of the iron oxide according to FIG.
- nickel oxide added with 4 to 7% by mass of cobalt oxide is reduced at a high reduction rate exceeding 90% in a few minutes.
- nickel oxide added with iron oxide at 10% by mass or less is reduced at a high reduction rate exceeding 90% in several minutes.
- the reduction rate of the cobalt oxide is higher as the amount of cobalt metal is increased, but the reduction rate is not as high as that of nickel oxide.
- the reduction rate of the iron oxide does not change greatly depending on the amount added, and the reduction rate changes with the same tendency.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show reduction rate tables and bar graphs after nickel oxide is subjected to the above reduction operation.
- the reduction rates shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 are measured values after 900 seconds.
- the nickel oxide added with 4 to 10% by mass of the iron metal component is higher than the reduction rate of the NiO standard sample (Fe addition rate is 0% by mass). A reduction rate was obtained. The total reduction rate also changes with the same tendency.
- the reduction rate of the nickel oxide is greatly reduced when the amount of iron metal component added exceeds 10% by mass. Therefore, the amount of iron metal component added is preferably set to 2 to 10% by mass.
- the reduction rate is 54%
- Co metal In the case of the Ni—Co catalyst to which 50% by mass of the component was added, the reduction rate was 80%.
- An electrolyte-electrode laminate for a fuel cell is formed using the electrode catalyst material.
- the electrode material and YSZ powder are pulverized and kneaded by a ball mill, and then uniaxially molded to obtain a plate-like molded body having a required form. After pre-sintering this at 1000 ° C., a YSZ paste constituting the electrolyte layer is applied by screen printing. After heating this to 750 degreeC and removing the binder for shaping
- a lanthanum strontium cobalt iron-based material (LSFC) constituting the air electrode is laminated and baked at 1000 ° C.
- a Pt mesh is disposed as the air electrode current collector and a nickel porous body is disposed as the fuel electrode current collector to obtain an SOFC electrolyte layer-electrode layer laminate.
- a fuel cell is constructed using this electrolyte layer-electrode layer laminate, and the above-described initial reduction step is performed before operation.
- the type of the solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and an electrode can be formed using various solid electrolytes employed in the electrolyte layer and the catalyst material according to the embodiment.
- a highly efficient fuel cell can be configured by increasing the reduction rate of the soot catalyst.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一形態は、ニッケル酸化物とコバルト酸化物とを含んで構成される燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法であって、コバルト金属成分が、ニッケル金属成分とコバルト金属成分の合計量に対して2~15質量%となるように、ニッケル酸化物にコバルト酸化物を含浸法によって添加する添加工程を含む。
本発明の一形態は、燃料電池の電極用触媒材料であって、ニッケル酸化物と鉄酸化物とを含んで構成されるとともに、ニッケル金属成分と鉄金属成分の合計質量に対して、鉄金属成分を2~10質量%含む。
本発明の一形態は、ニッケル酸化物と鉄酸化物とを含んで構成される燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法であって、ニッケル金属成分と鉄金属成分の合計量に対して、鉄金属成分が2~10質量%となるように、ニッケル酸化物に鉄酸化物を含浸法によって添加する添加工程を含む。
燃料電池の電極に配合されたニッケル触媒成分は、燃料電池に組み込まれた初期には、酸化物として存在する。上記ニッケルの触媒機能を発現させて、燃料電池から電力を取り出すには、電極中のニッケル酸化物をニッケル金属に還元する必要がある。このため、燃料電池の電解質-電極積層体を加熱するとともに水素を作用させることにより、初期還元工程が行われる。この初期還元工程におけるニッケル酸化物の還元が十分に行われない場合、燃料電池の性能が低下することから、ニッケル酸化物の還元程度が高いほど、燃料電池の性能が向上すると考えられる。
本実施形態では、X線吸収微細構造解析(X-ray Absorption Fine Structure:以下、XAFSという。)を利用し、燃料電池中の電極の還元雰囲気等を再現した装置によってニッケル酸化物の還元率を求める。なお、還元率は、添加した触媒のニッケル金属成分の質量に対して、還元されたニッケル金属の質量%で示される値である。
以下、本実施形態における還元率の測定手順について説明する。本実施形態では、試料を400℃に加熱するとともに、H2ガスを10%含むHeガスの雰囲気下で測定を行う。ニッケル酸化物(NiO)を上記条件下で還元する過程における上記XANSのK吸収端スペクトルの変化の一例を図1に示す。
本発明の一形態は、燃料電池の電極用触媒材料であって、ニッケル酸化物とコバルト酸化物とを含んで構成されるとともに、ニッケル金属成分とコバルト金属成分の合計質量に対して、コバルト金属成分を2~15質量%含むものである。
以下、実施形態の詳細を説明する。
図3に示すように、所定量のNiO粉末に、Co(NO3)2・6H2Oと、Fe(NO3 )3・9H2Oとをそれぞれ所定量秤量して、Co成分とFe成分を配合した触媒材料を調整する。なお、試料名称の末尾の2桁の数字は、Ni金属成分とCo金属成分の合計質量に対するCo金属成分の質量%、及びNi金属成分とFe金属成分の合計質量に対するFe金属成分の質量%を示している。
純水を足し、全体を300mLとし、スターラを投入して80℃以上で加熱しながら攪拌器によりさらに攪拌する。上記溶液から水分が蒸発して50mL以下になったら、スターラを取り除き、ガラス棒によって攪拌しながら、さらに水分を蒸発させる。
上記操作によって得られた触媒材料にバインダとしてECヒビクル(日進化成株式会社ECヒビクル 試作3-097)を添加して1軸圧縮成形し、直径10mm厚み1mmの圧粉成形体を得た。
本実施形態に係る測定装置3は、燃料電池の初期還元工程を再現するため、図5に示すように、水素ガスを上記各試料2に作用させながらヒータ6によって加熱し、還元率を測定する。このため、水素ガスを流動させることができる容器1内に、上記試料2を設置し、この容器ごとXAFS測定装置3aの検出器4,5間に設置して測定を行った。
図6に示すように、還元率は、試料2を窒素雰囲気下、所定時間をかけて400℃まで昇温させ、400℃の温度下において、水素3%を含むヘリウムガスを流動させ、上述した手法によって、90秒ごとに測定を行った。測定は、ニッケル酸化物(NiO標準試料)と、上記各試料について行い、上述した手法によって各試料におけるNiの還元率を求めた。また、添加したコバルト酸化物及び鉄酸化物についても還元率を求め、これら還元率から触媒金属の全質量に対するトータル還元率も求めた。
図7は、ニッケル酸化物とコバルト酸化物から構成される複合触媒の還元率の経時変化を示すグラフである。図8は、ニッケル酸化物と鉄酸化物から構成される複合触媒の還元率の経時変化を示すグラフである。また、図9に、図7に係るコバルト酸化物の還元率の経時変化を、図10に、図8に係る鉄酸化物の還元率の経時変化を示す。
また、触媒の還元率と還元操作時間の関係が判明するため、初期還元工程の所要時間を短縮することも可能となる。
2 試料
3 実施形態に係る試料を装着した容器を設けたX線吸収微細構造解析(XAFS)装置
3a X線吸収微細構造解析(XAFS)装置
4 検出器
5 検出器
6 ヒータ
Claims (11)
- 固体酸化物型燃料電池の電極用触媒材料であって、
ニッケル酸化物とコバルト酸化物とを含んで構成されるとともに、
ニッケル金属成分とコバルト金属成分の合計質量に対して、コバルト金属成分を2~15質量%含む電極用触媒材料。 - ニッケル酸化物粒子の表面の一部又は全部に、コバルト酸化物粒子を分散担持させた構造を備える、請求項1に記載の電極用触媒材料。
- 1μm~50μmの粒径を備えるNi-Co酸化物複合粒子を50%以上含んで構成される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電極用触媒材料。
- 請求項1から請求項3に記載の電極用触媒材料を用いて形成された、燃料電池用電極。
- Ni成分の還元率が95%以上である、請求項4に記載の燃料電池用電極。
- ニッケル酸化物とコバルト酸化物とを含んで構成される燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法であって、
コバルト金属成分が、ニッケル金属成分とコバルト金属成分の合計量に対して2~15質量%となるように、ニッケル酸化物にコバルト酸化物を含浸法によって添加する添加工程を含む、燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法。 - 燃料電池の電極用触媒材料であって、
ニッケル酸化物と鉄酸化物とを含んで構成されるとともに、
ニッケル金属成分と鉄金属成分の合計質量に対して、鉄金属成分を2~10質量%含む電極用触媒材料。 - ニッケル酸化物と鉄酸化物とを含んで構成される燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法であって、
ニッケル金属成分と鉄金属成分の合計量に対して、鉄金属成分が2~10質量%となるように、ニッケル酸化物に鉄酸化物を含浸法によって添加する添加工程を含む、燃料電池用電極触媒材料の製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の電極用触媒材料を用いて形成された、燃料電池用電極。
- Ni成分の還元率が95%以上である、請求項9に記載の燃料電池用電極。
- 請求項1又は請求項7の電極用触媒材料を用いて形成された電極を備える、燃料電池。
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