WO2015025558A1 - スカンジウム回収方法 - Google Patents
スカンジウム回収方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015025558A1 WO2015025558A1 PCT/JP2014/060149 JP2014060149W WO2015025558A1 WO 2015025558 A1 WO2015025558 A1 WO 2015025558A1 JP 2014060149 W JP2014060149 W JP 2014060149W WO 2015025558 A1 WO2015025558 A1 WO 2015025558A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- scandium
- resin
- amide derivative
- derivative
- acidic solution
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J45/00—Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/50—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
- C22B3/24—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scandium recovery method.
- Scandium with the smallest atomic number among rare earth elements is used as a material for metal halide lamps, an additive element for alloys, an additive element for catalyst ceramics, and the like.
- scandium is expensive, its production is limited, and separation and purification is difficult, so scandium is limited in its use.
- nickel oxide ores such as laterite ores contain a small amount of scandium.
- scandium contained in nickel oxide ore can be recovered from a leachate obtained by adding sulfuric acid to nickel oxide ore and leaching under pressure.
- Patent Document 1 includes (a) a leaching step of leaching oxide ore with an acid under high temperature and high pressure to obtain a leachate containing nickel and scandium, and (a) adding a neutralizing agent to the leachate to adjust the pH to 2 By adjusting to the range of ⁇ 4, the first neutralization step of removing iron and aluminum in the leachate as precipitates, and (c) neutralizing the solution after removing the precipitates in the first neutralization step A second neutralization step of recovering scandium in the solution as a precipitate by adjusting the pH to a range of more than 4 to 7.5 by adding an agent, and (d) adding a neutralizing agent to adjust the pH to 7. It has been shown that nickel and scandium can be recovered from the oxide ore by performing a third neutralization step of recovering nickel in the solution as a precipitate by adjusting to more than 5.
- an organic solvent is added to a scandium-containing solution in an aqueous phase containing at least one of iron, aluminum, calcium, yttrium, manganese, chromium, and magnesium in addition to scandium, and the scandium component is contained in the organic solvent.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an extractant called DODGAA having a diglycolamide acid skeleton. This extractant has a very low solubility in water, can be completely incinerated, has an excellent rare earth metal extraction ability and selective separation ability comparable to existing phosphorus compounds, and has a low synthesis cost. There are low features.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are all based on solvent extraction. By the way, recovering a metal using an ion exchange resin is widely performed like solvent extraction. Unlike solvent extraction, solid extractants such as ion exchange resins and chelate resins have the advantage that they can be handled physically and can be operated with simple equipment. In addition, in the reaction by ion exchange, there is little physical movement such as mixing the extraction agent and the solution as in the solvent extraction method described above, and the contact between the ion exchange resin and the solution is generally performed in a sealed column. In many cases, air is prevented from being involved, and as a result, generation of clad is suppressed and operation is stably performed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of recovering scandium using a chelate resin.
- This method includes a leaching step for obtaining a scandium-containing solution from an oxide containing a small amount of scandium, a liquid adjustment step, an extraction step for forming a chelate resin adsorbing scandium, and a wash for washing the scandium-adsorbed chelate resin with a dilute acid.
- This is a method for producing pure scandium oxide.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that scandium is recovered using a resin impregnated with an alkylphosphonic acid or an alkyl phosphate ester as an extractant.
- JP 2000-313928 A JP-A-9-291320 JP 2007-327085 A JP-A-9-176756 JP-A-1-246328
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are recovery methods using solvent extraction, a solvent extraction apparatus having a complicated mechanism such as a mixer-settler is required for industrial operation.
- a solvent extraction apparatus having a complicated mechanism such as a mixer-settler is required for industrial operation.
- flexible operation adjustment such as liquid state management, fluctuation of operation load, and temporary stop at the time of extraction.
- Patent Document 4 when a chelate resin is used, various impurities contained in a large amount in nickel oxide ore, particularly iron ions, chromium ions, aluminum ions, etc. are adsorbed on the chelate resin, and a trace amount of scandium. There is a problem that it is difficult to perform a compact operation because a process and equipment for separating these impurities are required.
- the extractant described in Patent Document 5 is the same as the extractant described in Patent Document 2, not only scandium but also impurity components are adsorbed to a degree that cannot be ignored.
- the leachate obtained by acid leaching and neutralizing nickel oxide ore contains a large amount of calcium, magnesium, and the like. Therefore, although the generation of the clad as described above can be suppressed, it takes time and cost to remove impurities.
- there is another problem such as the treatment of the drainage generated with the removal of impurities, as in the method described in Patent Document 2.
- An object of the present invention is to efficiently and selectively recover scandium from an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using a resin impregnated with a specific amide derivative, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following.
- the present invention is a scandium recovery method in which an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium and scandium is brought into contact with a scandium recovery resin impregnated with an amide derivative represented by the following general formula (I) for 1 hour or more.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent the same or different alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, Or, any group other than an amino group bonded to the ⁇ -carbon as an amino acid is shown.
- the present invention is the scandium recovery method according to (1), wherein the amide derivative is any one or more of a glycinamide derivative, a histidine amide derivative, a lysine amide derivative, and an aspartic acid amide derivative.
- the present invention is the scandium recovery method according to (1) or (2), wherein the acidic solution is a solution obtained by mixing nickel oxide ore with sulfuric acid and leaching nickel.
- scandium can be efficiently and selectively recovered from an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium.
- ⁇ Scandium recovery method> an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium and scandium is contacted with a scandium recovery resin impregnated with a specific amide derivative for 1 hour or more.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent the same or different alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary group other than an amino group bonded to the ⁇ -carbon as an amino acid.
- the amide derivative is preferably one or more of a glycinamide derivative, a histidine amide derivative, a lysine amide derivative, and an aspartic acid amide derivative.
- the above glycinamide derivative can be synthesized by the following method.
- 2-halogenated acetyl halide is added to an alkylamine having a structure represented by NHR 1 R 2 (R 1 and R 2 are the same as the above substituents R 1 and R 2 ), and an amine is obtained by nucleophilic substitution reaction. Is substituted with 2-halogenated acetyl to give 2-halogenated (N, N-di) alkylacetamide.
- the 2-halogenated (N, N-di) alkylacetamide is added to glycine or an N-alkylglycine derivative, and one of the hydrogen atoms of the glycine or N-alkylglycine derivative is replaced with (N, Substitution with an N-di) alkylacetamide group.
- a glycine alkylamide derivative can be synthesized by these two-step reactions.
- histidine amide derivatives, lysine amide derivatives, and aspartic acid amide derivatives can be synthesized by replacing glycine with histidine, lysine, and aspartic acid.
- the resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous resin, and examples thereof include acrylic ester polymers and styrene polymers.
- the term “porous” refers to having pores to the extent that a solvent can enter.
- the porous resin preferably has a large specific surface area so that a large amount of extractant can enter.
- the scandium recovery resin is obtained as follows. First, the amide derivative is dissolved in a volatile solvent such as toluene to form a low viscosity liquid. After immersing the resin in this, the solvent is distilled off. A scandium recovery resin is obtained through these steps.
- the weight ratio of the porous resin material before impregnation to the amide derivative is preferably 40:60 or more and 60:40 or less. 45:55 or more and 55:45 or less is more preferable, and approximately 50:50 is particularly preferable.
- This adsorption is performed by preparing an acidic solution containing scandium ions and bringing the acidic solution into contact with the scandium recovery resin for 1 hour or longer. For contact for 1 hour or longer, (a) the scandium recovery resin is added to the acidic solution and stirred and mixed for 1 hour or longer, or (b) the acidic solution is passed through a resin tower filled with the scandium recovery resin. And the acidic solution and the scandium recovery resin are brought into contact with each other. As a result, scandium ions can be selectively adsorbed to the scandium recovery resin.
- the contact time between the acidic solution and the scandium recovery resin is preferably 1 hour or more and 5 hours or less. If the contact time is less than 1 hour, scandium may not be suitably recovered. Even if the contact time exceeds 5 hours, the amount of scandium recovered cannot be expected to increase significantly, which may affect the efficiency of operation.
- the shape of the resin tower is not particularly limited as long as the acidic solution can be brought into contact with the scandium recovery resin for 1 hour or longer, but a thin and long cylindrical shape is generally used.
- a scandium extractant comprising an amide or an amide derivative
- a glycinamide derivative represented by the above general formula (I) that is, N, N-di (2-ethylhexyl) acetamide having two 2-ethylhexyl groups introduced therein 2-glycine (N, N-di (2-ethylhexyl) acetic-2-glycine, hereinafter referred to as “D2EHAG”) was synthesized.
- D2EHAG was synthesized as follows. First, as shown in the following reaction formula (II), 2.41 g (0.1 mol) of commercially available di (2-ethylhexyl) amine and 1.01 g (0.1 mol) of triethylamine were separated into chloroform. Then, the mixture was stirred while maintaining the temperature in an ice bath, and 13.5 g (0.12 mol) of 2-chloroacetyl chloride was slowly added dropwise. After completion of dropping, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After completion of the stirring, the mixture was washed once with 1 mol / l hydrochloric acid and then washed several times with ion-exchanged water to separate the chloroform phase.
- reaction formula (II) 2.41 g (0.1 mol) of commercially available di (2-ethylhexyl) amine and 1.01 g (0.1 mol) of triethylamine were separated into chloroform. Then, the mixture was
- ⁇ Acquisition of acidic solution> As the acidic solution containing scandium, a solution prepared according to a known technique was used. Specifically, nickel oxide ore was mixed with a sulfuric acid solution, charged into a pressurizing apparatus, and heated to 240 to 250 ° C. to obtain a leaching slurry. Thereafter, slaked lime was added to the leaching slurry for neutralization, and then a sulfiding agent was added to the neutralized solution to remove nickel, cobalt, zinc and the like from the neutralized solution. The solution after neutralization after removing nickel and the like was used as an acidic solution.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the acidic solution.
- the pH of the acidic solution is 4.0.
- the pH was adjusted using an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution.
- the scandium recovery resin according to the present invention does not substantially adsorb nickel and cobalt contained in the acidic solution. Therefore, in this embodiment, nickel oxide ore is mixed with sulfuric acid to leaching nickel, and then the solution obtained by removing nickel and the like from the leaching solution is an acidic solution. However, nickel oxide ore is mixed with sulfuric acid to add nickel and the like. Even if the leached liquor itself, that is, an unremoved liquid such as nickel, is used as the acidic solution, scandium can be suitably recovered.
- the resin and the aqueous phase were subjected to solid-liquid separation using a filter bottle, a Buchner funnel, and 5C filter paper.
- the concentration of impurity components other than scandium hardly changes with the passage of time, but the concentration of scandium containing only about 1 / 100th to 1000th of the impurity component decreases with time. It can be seen that it is adsorbed by the impregnating resin of the present invention. If the contact time between the acidic solution and the scandium recovery resin exceeds 5 hours, the concentration of metal ions contained in the aqueous phase is expected to be less than 1 mg / l as the lower limit of analysis. In view of the nature, it is considered that a contact time of 1 hour or more and 5 hours or less is sufficient.
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Abstract
Description
本発明では、カルシウム、マグネシウム及びスカンジウムを含有する酸性溶液を特定のアミド誘導体が含浸されたスカンジウム回収樹脂に1時間以上接触させる。
樹脂は、多孔質樹脂であれば特に限定されるものでなく、アクリルエステルポリマー、スチレン系ポリマー等が挙げられる。本明細書において、多孔質とは、溶剤が浸入できる程度に細孔を有することをいう。多くの抽出剤を浸入できるようにするため、多孔質樹脂は比表面積の大きいものが好ましい。
本発明において、スカンジウム回収樹脂は、次のようにして得られる。まず、上記アミド誘導体をトルエン等の揮発しやすい溶剤に溶解させ、低粘性の液体とする。これに上記樹脂を浸した後、溶剤を留去させる。これらの工程を経ることでスカンジウム回収樹脂が得られる。
上記スカンジウム回収樹脂を用いたスカンジウムの回収は、次のようにして行われる。まず、上記スカンジウム回収樹脂にスカンジウムイオンを吸着させる。続いて、溶離液を用いて、スカンジウム回収樹脂に吸着したスカンジウムイオンを回収する。
[アミド誘導体の合成]
アミド又はアミド誘導体からなるスカンジウム抽出剤の一例として、上記一般式(I)で表されるグリシンアミド誘導体、すなわち、2つの2-エチルヘキシル基を導入したN,N-ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)アセトアミド-2-グリシン(N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)acetamic-2-glycine,以下「D2EHAG」という。)を合成した。
上記アミド誘導体30gを100mlのトルエンに溶解させ、アミド誘導体のトルエン希釈液を得た。この液にアクリルエステルポリマーの多孔質樹脂(製品名:アンバーライトXAD-7HP,Dow chemical社製)30gを添加し、樹脂中に抽出剤を含浸させた。その後、60℃に温度を保持しながら、減圧状態でトルエンを留去してD2EHAGを含浸させることで、スカンジウム回収樹脂(含浸樹脂)を得た。
スカンジウムを含有する酸性溶液は、公知の技術に従って作製したものを用いた。具体的には、ニッケル酸化鉱石を硫酸溶液と共に混合し、加圧装置に装入して240~250℃に加熱し、浸出スラリーを得た。その後、浸出スラリーに消石灰を添加して中和し、次いで、中和後液に硫化剤を添加し、中和後液からニッケル、コバルト、亜鉛等を除いた。ニッケル等を除いた後の中和後液を酸性溶液とした。
Claims (3)
- 前記アミド誘導体がグリシンアミド誘導体、ヒスチジンアミド誘導体、リジンアミド誘導体及びアスパラギン酸アミド誘導体のいずれか1以上である、請求項1に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
- 前記酸性溶液は、ニッケル酸化鉱石に硫酸を混合してニッケルを浸出した溶液である、請求項1又は2に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480009136.7A CN104995320A (zh) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | 钪回收方法 |
US14/437,466 US9404169B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | Method for recovering scandium |
AU2014310164A AU2014310164B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | Method for collecting scandium |
EP14837943.1A EP2902512B1 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | Method for collecting scandium |
CA2889046A CA2889046C (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | Method for recovering scandium |
PH12015500820A PH12015500820A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-04-15 | Method for collecting scandium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2013172261A JP5619238B1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | スカンジウム回収方法 |
JP2013-172261 | 2013-08-22 |
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WO2015025558A1 true WO2015025558A1 (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
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PCT/JP2014/060149 WO2015025558A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-04-08 | スカンジウム回収方法 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9404169B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2902512B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5619238B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104995320A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2014310164B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2889046C (ja) |
PH (1) | PH12015500820A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015025558A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2015199224A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-26 | 2015-12-30 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | イオン交換樹脂及び金属の吸着分離方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
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KR101681115B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-11-30 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 스칸디움의 추출 방법 |
JP6406234B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-10-17 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウムの回収方法 |
JP6409791B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-10-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウム回収方法 |
CN110541081A (zh) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 处理红土镍矿的方法 |
JP7276042B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2023-05-18 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウムの回収方法、並びにイオン交換処理方法 |
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JPH01246328A (ja) | 1988-03-28 | 1989-10-02 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | スカンジウムの補集方法 |
JPH07100371A (ja) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-18 | Shiro Matsumoto | 希土類元素除去用吸着剤及びそれを用いた吸着分離法 |
JPH09176756A (ja) | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-08 | Taiheiyo Kinzoku Kk | レアーアースメタルの高純度化方法 |
JPH09291320A (ja) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-11 | Taiheiyo Kinzoku Kk | レアアース金属の回収方法 |
JP2000313928A (ja) | 1999-04-26 | 2000-11-14 | Taiheiyo Kinzoku Kk | 酸化鉱石からニッケルとスカンジウムを回収する方法 |
JP2007327085A (ja) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-20 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 希土類金属の抽出剤と抽出方法 |
WO2013069562A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 有価金属抽出剤及びこの抽出剤を用いた有価金属抽出方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20050124765A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-09 | Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute | Adsorbent for recovering useful rare metals by adsorption |
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2013
- 2013-08-22 JP JP2013172261A patent/JP5619238B1/ja active Active
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2014
- 2014-04-08 EP EP14837943.1A patent/EP2902512B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-04-08 CA CA2889046A patent/CA2889046C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-08 WO PCT/JP2014/060149 patent/WO2015025558A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-04-08 US US14/437,466 patent/US9404169B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-08 AU AU2014310164A patent/AU2014310164B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-08 CN CN201480009136.7A patent/CN104995320A/zh active Pending
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2015
- 2015-04-15 PH PH12015500820A patent/PH12015500820A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (7)
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CA2889046C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
PH12015500820B1 (en) | 2015-06-08 |
EP2902512A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
CN104995320A (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
US20150284821A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
PH12015500820A1 (en) | 2015-06-08 |
CA2889046A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
JP5619238B1 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
US9404169B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
EP2902512B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EP2902512A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
AU2014310164A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
JP2015040332A (ja) | 2015-03-02 |
AU2014310164B2 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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