Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
  • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/30—Process control
  • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
  • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
  • B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
  • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
  • B28B17/0081—Process control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/295—Heating elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
  • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
  • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/30—Process control
  • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
  • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
  • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
  • B22F12/45—Two or more
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/25—Solid
  • B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
  • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing three-dimensional objects by selectively solidifying a build-up material applied in layers.
• Solidification of a layered build-up material known in large numbers. For example, laser sintering or selective mask sintering can be mentioned here. Systems with which such a layer construction process is carried out are also referred to as rapid prototyping systems. These layer construction methods are used to produce layered components made of solidifiable material, such as resin, plastic, metal or ceramic, and are used for example for the production of technical prototypes. This can be done with the help of an additive manufacturing method
• Three-dimensional objects are produced directly from CAD data.
• the points corresponding to the object to be manufactured in the respective layers are selectively solidified.
• the solidification takes place, for example, by local heating of a mostly
• Radiation source By targeted radiation is introduced in a suitable manner in the desired areas, one can exactly
• any kind of object structure are generated.
• the layer thickness is adjustable. Such a method is especially for the production of
• Three-dimensional bodies can be used by successively creating several thin, individually designed layers.
• the building material to be consolidated is preheated to a temperature below that
• Processing temperature is. With the help of an additional
• a plastic material in a thermoplastic material for example, a plastic material in a thermoplastic material
• Pre-heated sintering temperature Pre-heated sintering temperature.
• the energy introduced by the laser then only contributes the amount of differential heat for melting the powder particles.
• the preheating is done in many cases by heating the build platform. With increasing component height takes in such a preheating "from below” but the heat flow of
• Construction layer placed. Through complicated control of the heating curve and other complex measures, an attempt is made uniform temperature distribution in the preheating
• An object of the present invention is the
• the invention proposes the procedure known from the state of the art of clocked production in which, within one cycle after a material application, first a preheating and then a selective solidification takes place before a material application is carried out again in a subsequent new cycle
• the invention proposes a continuous manufacturing process in which the
• Construction material takes place simultaneously, namely
• the device comprises a construction platform arranged in an xy plane on which at least one three-dimensional object is generated in layers, one which Build-up platform at least partially covering heating element for introducing heat energy into the building material and a drive device for generating a relative movement between the building platform and the heating element in the x and / or y direction.
• the heating element has at least two simultaneously usable function openings, wherein one of the at least two function openings is designed as a material passage and another of the at least two function openings is designed as a radiation passage.
• the device comprises an additional heating and / or
• Cooling device for tempering by the
• the inventive method comprises the
• Three-dimensional object on a construction platform arranged in an x-y plane introducing heat energy into the building material by means of a heating element at least partially covering the building platform, generating a relative movement between the building platform and the heating element in the x and / or y direction by means of a
• the method comprises heating or cooling the building material applied through the material passage by means of an additional heating and / or cooling device.
• the material passage and radiation passage thus as a coating opening for the application of Construction material and as an exposure opening to the local
• Heating element in a suitable manner relative to the
• Moving construction platform a simultaneous application of building material, preheating and selective solidification can take place and thus a non-clocked, uninterrupted producing the at least one object.
• the structure of the object or of the objects takes place in other words
• Functional openings in the heating element determined, in particular by the distance of these function openings to each other.
• Bulk powder are preheated by the heating element, while in a direction of movement behind the first
• Radiation energy is solidified just one layer n.
• Movement direction is behind the second object area, a reheating of the recently solidified build-up layer n by the heating element, while in a lying behind the third object area fourth object area passed through a coating opening further
• the object areas can be areas of an object or even areas different objects when multiple objects are placed on the build platform.
• the heat supply for the preheating is done "from above", whereby the disadvantages of a heat supply via the building platform does not occur
• the present invention allows itself to be distinguished from the need for uniformity
• a preheating temperature for preparing the building material for the upcoming local heating may be advantageous;
• a reheating temperature may be present, as is advantageous for achieving certain properties of the already solidified layer, for example, distortion
• the heating element is permanently available, such a defined uneven temperature distribution can be realized in a particularly simple manner.
• the heating element is permanently available, such a defined uneven temperature distribution can be realized in a particularly simple manner.
• Heating element several different temperature ranges on. This is achieved, for example, with the aid of several independently operable heating modules.
• Cooling device for tempering by the
• Cooling device in addition to the heating element, the
• Preheating the building material is used, and in addition to the radiation source, which for selectively solidifying the
• the additional heating and / or cooling device heats or cools the material applied through the material passage
• the additional heating and / or cooling device can either be designed only for heating or only for cooling or else preferably for optional heating or cooling. Accordingly, the additional heating and / or cooling device comprises a number of suitable heating and / or cooling elements.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device can generally serve to support the effect of the heating element.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device thus serves, in addition to the heating element, directly or indirectly to
• the radiation source can be arranged above the heating element.
• at least one of the function openings is designed as a heating opening for the additional introduction of heat energy.
• the heating opening may be a function opening which already performs another function; For example, a radiation passage already serving as an exposure opening can simultaneously serve as a heating opening.
• a cooling element which is designed to remove heat energy, for example a, is used as additional cooling device
• the arrangement of the cooling device corresponds in one embodiment of the invention to the above-described arrangement of the heating device, wherein one of the function openings is designed as a cooling opening or a function opening, which already performs another function, serves as a cooling opening.
• Cooling device for direct and immediate
• Tempering of the building material formed said temperature preferably takes place before the building material of an intended heating by the heating element
• the additional temperature of the build-up material preferably takes place before the build material disappears below the heating element. More precisely, the additional temperature control takes place during the application process, ie during the passage of the
• Coating opening or building material located near the coating opening.
• Cooling device preferably arranged in the immediate vicinity of a coating opening, for example on an edge of serving as a material passage function opening.
• this coating opening also serves as a heating or cooling opening.
• the heating or cooling of the building material during its application is preferably carried out indirectly.
• a heat transfer to the building material towards or away from the building material takes place as heat radiation or heat flow.
• the additional heating or cooling device is formed in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention such that it performs a temperature control of the building material by means of a suitably tempered gas stream.
• Cooling device for providing a warming or cooling gas flow at the location of the material application, that is formed directly on the coating opening or in the vicinity of the coating opening. This can be the Tempering of the building material during the passage of the building material through the coating opening and / or immediately thereafter, ie in the already
• Such a gas flow passing through the building material or along the building material can not only be used to heat or cool the building material.
• the gas flow is suitably applied, it is possible to obtain particles such as smoke or vapors which are released during the course of the process
• Radiation source for example, the laser and the
• Construction process with very high temperatures, especially melting temperatures, operated. By cooling the building material by means of gas flow, the construction process can then be operated at temperatures at which
• air As a medium for the gas flow, air can be used.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device preferably comprises not only heating and / or cooling elements but also means cooperating with the heating and / or cooling elements for generating the gas flow and / or means for directing the gas flow along a suitable flow path.
• Generating the gas stream preferably comprise a
• Heating element and the build-up layer is placed.
• Impairment of the building material in particular for
• the additional heating and / or cooling device comprises both heating and / or cooling elements and means for providing a tempered gas stream, so that the advantages of different types of transmission line, radiation and flow are advantageously combined.
• the heating element is formed substantially plate-shaped.
• the plate shape of the heating element is formed substantially plate-shaped.
• Heating element also allows a particularly simple design of the function openings.
• heating element and building platform are designed such that they cover as large as possible, preferably completely, or as possible during the manufacturing process large area, preferably completely, in coverage
• the heating element is arranged above the building platform. In one variant, the heating element is spaced apart from the respective uppermost building layer. The warm-up is done by
• the heating element touches the uppermost build-up layer. The warming up then takes place by heat conduction.
• the heating element can serve as a boundary wall of the process chamber.
• the process chamber is closed by the heating element.
• the heating element is then part of the process chamber.
• the coating opening is always an actual opening in the sense of a material breakthrough.
• the heating element does not necessarily have to be broken.
• the exposure opening can also be designed as a region of suitable material in the base body of the heating element, which is suitable for a
• Radiation passage is suitable.
• the introduction of radiation energy takes place through the
• Exposure opening without this opening is fully illuminated. Instead, a targeted
• the radiation can be from one or more Radiation sources come.
• Radiation sources come.
• one or more laser beams within the window provided by the functional opening perform a linear reciprocating movement within the functional opening or else the one or more
• Processing temperature preheated building material is further heated locally. With the help of this additional energy input, the processing temperature is reached.
• the arrangement and size of the functional openings are invariable. Thus, it has proven to be advantageous to use strip-shaped function openings which are parallel to one another.
• functional openings are advantageously arranged perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement, for example perpendicular to the x or y direction, in the heating element.
• the functional openings it is possible for the functional openings to be slanted, i. at an angle to the direction of movement are arranged.
• the shape, arrangement and size of the function openings can be adapted to the specifics of the method. So instead of strip or slot-shaped
• the shape, arrangement and / or size of the function openings can be changed.
• shape, arrangement and / or size of the function openings can be changed.
• shape, arrangement and / or size of the function openings can be changed.
• Function opening serves as a diaphragm, d. H. for limiting the cross section of the introduced radiation. It may also be advantageous, the size of the coating opening
• Heating element and build platform and the provision and / or guidance of the radiation for local solidification of the building material, the manufacturing process can also be carried out particularly efficiently.
• Manufacturing process using a data model to describe the object to be produced by means of the layer building method comprises all relevant processes of the same time running at several points in different stages of production, d. H.
• control is always carried out according to the actual progress of the manufacturing process, for which purpose sensor data of suitable sensors, in particular Temperature sensors are used.
• the control includes in particular the control of the heating of the heating element, here optionally the defined control individual
• the control also includes the control of the drive means for the relative movements between heating element and building platform and the control of
• Each of these data processing units preferably has a number of functional modules, each functional module
• the function modules can be hardware modules or software modules.
• the invention as far as the
• Data processing unit either in the form of computer hardware or in the form of computer software or in a combination of hardware and software are realized.
• the invention in the form of software ie as a computer program product, is realized, all the functions described are realized by computer program instructions when the computer program on a computer with a processor is executed.
• Computer program instructions are in a known per se manner in any programming language
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a
• Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one over a
• FIG. 3 simplified sectional views of layers of the object to be built in different
• FIG. 4 shows a detail of the device according to the invention with an additional heating and / or cooling device
• Fig. 5 shows a detail of the device according to the invention with another additional heating and / or cooling device. All figures show the invention not to scale, while only schematically and only with their essential components. The same reference numerals correspond
• a device 1 for laser sintering is described by way of example as a device for producing at least one three-dimensional object by selectively solidifying a build-up material applied in layers.
• the invention is not limited to this particular method. The invention is also applicable to other additives
• an orthogonal coordinate system (x, y, z) is used.
• the laser sintering apparatus 1 comprises a build platform 2 arranged in an x-y plane, on which a
• the building material 4 is a suitable plastic powder.
• the build platform 2 with the already created and hardened layers is moved down by a certain path length to produce a new layer n + 1.
• Drive device 5 is, for example, an electric motor. Between the solidification of a layer n and the application of new building material 4 for a subsequent layer n + 1, it may be provided to remove excess building material 4 from the building platform 2.
• a device suitable for this purpose (not shown) is provided, for example in the form of a doctor blade or
• the device 1 comprises at least one radiation source 7 which provides radiant energy for local heating of building material 4 to selectively solidify it.
• the at least one radiation source 7 is
• a laser that emits a laser beam 8 out.
• the device 1 also comprises at least one
• Provision and / or applicator 9 provides the building material 4 and / or on the
• Build platform 2 or an existing build-up layer is applied. In the provisioning and / or
• Applicator 9 is, for example, a device for applying a powder bed.
• Provisioning and / or application device 9 is connected to a corresponding controller 10, the
• the device 1 further comprises the above-mentioned, the build platform 2 during the manufacturing process permanently, at least partially covering heating element 6 for introducing heat energy into the building material 4.
• Heating element 6 is formed substantially plate-shaped. It is located above the building platform 2, where it is spaced from the uppermost construction layer. The distance is typically between 100 ⁇ and 10 mm. The warming up of the building material 4 is carried out by the
• Heating element 6 emitted heat radiation 11, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 symbolically.
• the build platform 2 is located within a infrared light
• the heating element 6 serves as a boundary wall of the process chamber 12. More specifically, the heating element 6 as part of the upper cover 13 of
• Process chamber 12 executed.
• the device 1 also comprises a drive device 15 for generating a relative movement between the
• Drive device 15 is, for example, an electric motor. Both drive devices 5, 15 are connected to corresponding drive controls 16, 17.
• the drive means 15 moves the build platform 2 relative to the fixed heater 6.
• the main move direction is the x-direction. In the simplest case, the limited
• Main direction of movement If necessary or advantageous for the manufacturing process, the movement in the x direction can be superimposed by a movement of the build platform 2 in the y direction.
• the heating element 6 has at least two, in the example shown in FIG. 1, three simultaneously usable, spaced-apart functional openings 18, 19, 20.
• the function openings 18, 19, 20 are slot or
• strip-shaped, elongated rectangular lie parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main movement direction, here the x-direction.
• One of the function openings is as
• Formed construction layer and the other functional opening is as an exposure opening 19 for the simultaneous introduction of radiant energy of the at least one radiation source 7 in the applied building material 4 for solidifying the
• Building material 4 is formed.
• the introduction of radiant energy for local heating of the building material 4 is carried out by the laser beam 8 is passed through the exposure opening 19 on a defined path.
• the guidance of the laser beam 8 takes place with the aid of a suitable drive and control device 21.
• the heating element 6 has a plurality of mutually independently controllable heating modules 23, which are arranged between or next to the function openings 18, 19, 20. All
• Heating modules 23 of the heating element 6 are provided with a
• Heating control 24 connected.
• Heating modules 23 is based for example on the principle of electrical induction. Suitable other functions of the heating modules are also possible.
• the device 1 comprises in that illustrated in Fig. 1
• This additional radiation source 25 is, for example, an infrared radiator which emits infrared radiation 26.
• a suitable controller 27 is also provided.
• This additional radiation source 25 is its own
• Functional opening 20 assigned, which thus serves as a heating opening.
• a central controller 28 is responsible for the controlled operation of the manufacturing process.
• the controller 28 includes for this purpose all relevant sub-controls 10, 16, 17, 21, 24, 27th
• a heating element 6 'different from that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 which has three functional openings, namely two coating openings 18, 18' and one between the coating openings 18, 18 '
• Building material 4 for a layer n is applied to the building platform 2.
• the build platform 2 moves in the x direction on.
• the building material 4 applied shortly before is preheated to a temperature below the sintering temperature by a heating module 23 arranged between the first coating opening 18 and the exposure opening 19 in the base body of the heating element 6.
• a heating module 23 arranged between the first coating opening 18 and the exposure opening 19 in the base body of the heating element 6.
• Coating opening 18 'reached it is, driven by the drive means 5, in the z-direction a required distance moved down.
• Coating opening 18 ' is applied building material 4 for a further layer n + 1. Just before, this object area has been arranged through between the exposure opening 19 and the second coating opening 18 '
• the building platform 2 has reached its one reversal point.
• the layers n and n + 1 were generated. Since no exposure opening 19 more about the build platform. 2
• Building material 4 takes place only as long as at least one of the two coating openings 18, 18 'over the
• Build platform 2 is arranged.
• the building platform 2 moves in the x-direction, opposite to the first movement, under the heating element 6 therethrough.
• the second coating opening 18 ' With the aid of the second coating opening 18 ', a new material application for the next n + 2 layer has already taken place, as well as preheating with the aid of a third heating module 23 ".
• the build platform was 2,
• the first heating module 23 serves for
• Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention with an additional heating device 22 for temperature control of
• controllable heat radiator 25 at one edge of the
• Coating opening 18 is arranged. Is instead of
• Heating device 22 a cooling device or a combined heating and / or cooling device provided, takes
• Cooling element (not shown), the location of the heating element 25 a.
• Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the additional heating and / or cooling device 22 for providing a tempered gas stream 29 at the location of the material order, here in the field of
• Coating opening 18 is formed.
• a heating or cooling element (not shown) connected fan 31 and / or on the
• falling construction material 4 is heated or cooled.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device 22 is such
• the tempered gas stream 29 exclusively or additionally in the region of the exposure opening 19 and / or in areas in the vicinity of the exposure opening 19th
• the invention relates to a device 1 for producing three-dimensional objects 3 by selective
• a building platform 2 at least partially covering heating element 6 for introducing heat energy 11 in the building material 4, with a
• the Heating element 6 has at least two simultaneously usable function openings 18, 19, wherein one of the at least two function openings as
• This device 1 comprises an additional heating and / or cooling device for the temperature control of material applied through the material passage 18 building material. 4
• the additional heating and / or cooling device 22 comprises a heat source 25, designed for
• the additional heating or cooling device 22 comprises a cooling element, designed to remove heat energy, wherein preferably one of the at least two function openings 18, 19, 20 is formed simultaneously or exclusively as a cooling opening 20 for removing heat energy.
• Cooling device 22 in particular its heat source 25 or cooling element, arranged in the immediate vicinity of serving as a material passage function port 18, in particular at an edge of this functional opening 18.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device 22 is designed to provide a tempered gas stream.
• the additional heating and / or cooling device 22 the tempered gas flow in the
• the heating element 6 covers the
• the heating element 6 and the Build platform 2 are completely brought into overlap with each other.
• the heating element 6 is formed substantially plate-shaped.
• the heating element 6 is above the building platform 2
• Construction layer spaced or it touches the top layer.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing three-dimensional objects 3 by selectively solidifying a build-up material 4 applied in layers, wherein at least one three-dimensional object 3 is produced in layers on a build platform 2 arranged in an xy plane, a heating element 6 at least partially covering the build platform 2 Heat energy 11 enters the building material 4, wherein a drive means 15 generates a relative movement between the building platform 2 and the heating element 6 in the x and / or y direction, wherein the heating element 6 using at least two
• the method includes heating or cooling the fluid passing through the material passage 18

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• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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• 2013
  • 2013-08-23 DE DE102013109162.8A patent/DE102013109162A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-08-13 EP EP14002815.0A patent/EP2839948B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2014-08-22 JP JP2016535372A patent/JP6300929B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-22 JP JP2016535371A patent/JP6300928B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-22 EP EP14761283.2A patent/EP3036085B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2014-08-22 US US14/913,739 patent/US9815242B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-22 US US14/913,741 patent/US20160207259A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-08-22 CN CN201410418445.1A patent/CN104416907B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-22 WO PCT/EP2014/002307 patent/WO2015024671A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2014-08-22 WO PCT/EP2014/002306 patent/WO2015024670A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2014-08-22 EP EP14781052.7A patent/EP3036086B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2014-08-22 CN CN201480056461.9A patent/CN105764673B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-22 CN CN201480056089.1A patent/CN105658415B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-25 US US14/467,225 patent/US20150054200A1/en not_active Abandoned

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