WO2015021631A1 - 一种黄芪籽粗油、精制油及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种黄芪籽粗油、精制油及制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2015021631A1
WO2015021631A1 PCT/CN2013/081528 CN2013081528W WO2015021631A1 WO 2015021631 A1 WO2015021631 A1 WO 2015021631A1 CN 2013081528 W CN2013081528 W CN 2013081528W WO 2015021631 A1 WO2015021631 A1 WO 2015021631A1
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oil
astragalus
astragalus seed
heat
seed
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PCT/CN2013/081528
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯前进
周然
李安平
刘素芬
李津
尚彩铃
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山西振东制药股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/081528 priority Critical patent/WO2015021631A1/zh
Priority to US14/911,831 priority patent/US10227547B2/en
Publication of WO2015021631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015021631A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/16Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23DEDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • A61K36/481Astragalus (milkvetch)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C11B1/104Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using super critical gases or vapours
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/006Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/06Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/30Extraction of the material
    • A61K2236/37Extraction at elevated pressure or temperature, e.g. pressurized solvent extraction [PSE], supercritical carbon dioxide extraction or subcritical water extraction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • Astragalus also known as Astragalus, is a collective name for plants and Chinese herbal medicines. Plant scutellaria is produced in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang and other places, and is a national tertiary protected plant.
  • the Chinese medicinal material Astragalus membranaceus is the root position of the leguminous herbaceous Mongolian scutellariae and the scutellaria scutellariae. It is a famous traditional medicinal material in China. It is called the sacred medicine of qi and solid table.
  • the medicinal use of scutellaria has been more than 2,000 years old. It has tonifying and solidifying table, diuretic dehydration, toxic detoxification, myogenic muscle, enhancing immune function, liver protection, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-stress, antihypertensive and broader antibacterial effects.
  • Astragalus is sweet and sweet, and it is liver, spleen, lung and kidney. It is beneficial to the effect of gas-solid table, stagnation of sweat, solid body, sore muscle, and water swelling.
  • the spring corresponds to the liver. Therefore, the regulation of liver gas is crucial for the health of spring.
  • Astragalus membranaceus can play a certain role in qi during the spring season. Huangqi porridge soup, with the effect of benefiting blood and qi.
  • Grease is the highest calorie in the human diet, and the amount of oil needed to be guaranteed in the human diet.
  • the contradiction between the shortage of domestic oil and fat resources has become increasingly prominent.
  • people pay more attention to the nutrition and health functions of edible oil. Therefore, actively develop new edible oil resources, especially for human health, and have a special effect. It is of great significance that fatty acid has a special composition and contains special physiologically active substances. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a crude oil of Scutellaria chinensis L. prepared by a method of supercritical extraction from a seed of Astragalus membranaceus, a preparation method thereof, and an essential oil of Astragalus membranaceus obtained by refining the crude oil, a preparation method thereof, and the crude oil and New applications of essential oils in the preparation of therapeutic, preventive health products and medicines.
  • step (b) Deacidification: Take the degummed oil obtained in step (a), heat it to 50-70 °C, add 7 ⁇ 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuge to remove the upper layer of oil, and heat to After washing at 70-90 °C with heated water, centrifuge the upper layer of oil to obtain deacidified oil;
  • the refined oil of sassafras seed is obtained by the following steps:
  • step (b) Deacidification: Take the degummed oil obtained in step (a), oscillate and heat to 60 °C, keep warm Adding a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for deacidification, centrifuging to remove the upper layer of oil, and heating to 80 ° C, washing with heated water, and then taking the upper layer of oil by centrifugation to obtain a deacidified oil;
  • step (c) Decolorization: The deacidified oil was heated to 80 ° C, and an active clay of 5% by weight of the deacidified oil was added to carry out thermal decolorization twice, and the upper layer was centrifuged to obtain a desired refined oil of sassafras. Further, after the step (c), the step (d) of deodorizing the yellow sassafras refined oil is further included, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • the sassafras seed refined oil is added to a conventional excipient according to a conventional process to prepare a clinically acceptable tablet, a pill, a capsule, a granule, a mixture or a pill.
  • the method for preparing the crude oil of the astragalus seed comprises the steps of performing the C0 2 supercritical fluid extraction for 1.5-2.5 hours by using the sassafras seed at a constant temperature of 30-50 ° C and a constant pressure of 250-350 Pa.
  • the method for preparing the refined oil of the astragalus seed is the step of physically refining after the step of preparing the crude oil of the astragalus seed, specifically comprising the following steps:
  • step (b) Deacidification: Take the degummed oil obtained in step (a), heat it to 50-70 °C by shaking, add 7-12% sodium hydroxide solution to the temperature, centrifuge to remove the upper layer of oil, and heat to 70 After washing at -90 ° C with heated water, the upper layer of oil is centrifuged to obtain a deacidified oil;
  • the method for preparing a refined oil of sassafras seed comprises the following steps: (a) Degumming: The crude oil of the astragalus seed is heated to 50 ° C, and 4% by weight of the crude oil of the astragalus seed is added, and the hot water is similar to the temperature of the crude oil of the astragalus seed, and the mixture is heated to stir. At 80 ° C, the insulation was allowed to stand for 6 h, and the lower layer of water and colloid were separated to obtain the upper degummed oil;
  • step (b) Deacidification: Take the degummed oil obtained in step (a), heat it to 60 °C by shaking, add 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuge to remove the upper layer of oil, and heat to 80 ° C, heat After washing with water, the upper layer of oil is centrifuged to obtain a deacidified oil;
  • step (c) Decolorization: The deacidified oil was heated to 80 ° C, and an active clay of 5% by weight of the deacidified oil was added to carry out thermal decolorization twice, and the upper layer was centrifuged to obtain a desired refined oil of sassafras. Further, after the step (c), the step (d) of deodorizing the yellow sassafras refined oil is further included, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • the yellow sassafras refined oil is used for preparing a health-care product and a medicine having hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, triglyceride-lowering, cholesterol-lowering function and medicine.
  • An edible blending oil prepared by blending the refined oil of sassafras seed with conventional sesame oil, olive oil, grape seed oil, walnut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil or peanut oil.
  • the above-mentioned and the following Astragalus membranaceus seeds are the seeds for the existing planting of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and are also called sassafras seeds.
  • the solution of the present invention is called sassafras seeds, and the nutrition of the sassafras seeds obtained between different planting sites and planting methods is There is no difference between ingredients and effects.
  • the results of the analysis prove that the nutrient content of Astragalus membranaceus seed oil is abundant for the first time, and the value of human nutrition utilization is extremely high. It contains high vitamin E and various fatty acid components. Among the fatty acid components are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc. The saturated fatty acid linoleic acid and linolenic acid content were 44.5 % and 22.8%, respectively (the ratio was 2:1), which fully indicated that the sassafras seed oil is a functional oil with nutritional and health value.
  • Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) 44.5 51.72
  • Cis-11-Eicosa monoenoic acid (C20:l) 0.4 0.85 behenic acid (C22:0) 0.3 0.33
  • the specific detection method is based on: GB5413.9-2010, GB5009.93-2010, GB/T5009.14-2003, GB/T5009.90-2003, GB/T5009.92-2003, GB/T5009.12-2003, GB/T22220-2008, nutrition of the crude oil and refined oil of the astragalus
  • the components were tested and the results are shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 Test results of astragalus seed oil Test items Test results of crude oil Test results of refined oil Total amount of vitamin E mg/100g 55.5 89.6
  • the astragalus seed oil As a functional oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, the astragalus seed oil has the functions of nutrition health care and disease prevention. It can prevent thrombosis and dilate blood vessels, and can also prevent diseases such as atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It can be used as a long-term therapeutic health care oil for cardiovascular patients.
  • the crude oil of the astragalus seed oil or the refined oil of the invention has rich nutrient and health value and therapeutic value, and has broad development prospects. Moreover, it has opened up new resources and uses for the Chinese medicine Huangqi industry to further improve the quality of human life.
  • SELECTRA-E automatic biochemical analyzer (Rittus Scientific, Netherlands), HEMAVET 950 automatic five-class animal blood analyzer (DREW, UK), low-speed large-capacity centrifuge.
  • the rats were administered by intragastric administration, and the three groups of low, medium and high doses of astragalus seed oil were set up.
  • the normal control group, the model group and the peanut oil control group were set up.
  • the specific dose was 5 g/kg of distilled water for the normal control group and the model group.
  • the volume of the astragalus seed oil was 5 g/kg and 3 g/kg in the high, medium and low dose groups.
  • the normal control group was fed with normal words, and the other dose groups, model groups, and positive control groups were fed with high-fat words.
  • the drug was administered once a day for 7 days per week for a total of 5 weeks.
  • the mean and standard deviation of each group of measurement data were calculated using SPSS 17.0 and analyzed by t-test.
  • the significance criterion was ⁇ 0.05.
  • the body weight of the astragalus seed oil and the oil control group had no significant difference compared with the normal control group at the first week of administration, and the other weeks (administration 2-6 weeks) the weight of the animal and the normal control.
  • the group comparisons were significantly reduced, and there was a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.01).
  • the reason was mainly due to the poor palatability of the high-fat vocabulary and the decrease in animal food intake, which led to a significant decrease in body weight, irrespective of scutellaria seed oil.
  • the weight of each group of astragalus seed oil decreased, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05).
  • There was no significant difference between the various dose groups of astragalus seed oil and the model control group p>0.05).
  • the serum total cholesterol level of the high-dose group of astragalus seed oil was significantly lower than that of the oil control group and the model group (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • the total cholesterol content of the rats in the middle dose group of Astragalus membranaceus L. was significantly lower than that of the model group (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • the Human Nutrition and Oils Committee, the EC Food Science Committee, the UK Nutrition Fund Committee and the Canadian Science Council recommend a ratio of linoleic acid to a-linolenic acid of 4:1, and a high proportion of ⁇ -6 I ⁇ -3. Conducive to the prevention of CVD disease. Compared with ordinary single edible oils, the content of a-linolenic acid in astragalus seed oil is high, and the intake ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 meets the recommended standards.
  • astragalus seed oil has the function of lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is a high-nutrient health oil.
  • Fig. 1 is a GC-MS spectrum of the refined oil of the sassafras seed obtained in Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is a GC-MS spectrum of a fatty acid standard.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The raw material of the sassafras seed used in the following embodiments of the present invention is provided by the Yingxian Supply and Marketing Cooperative of Shanxi Republic, and the sample is stored in the Scientific Research and Experiment Center of Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is merely an example of the technical effect of explaining the solution of the present invention.
  • Other reagents such as C0 2 , food grade, purity of 99.5 %; activated clay, activated carbon, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, anhydrous ethanol, petroleum ether, sodium hydroxide, etc. are all commercially available products.
  • the equipment involved includes: Supercritical fluid extraction system (Thar Technologies, USA: KDC-1044 low speed centrifuge, THZ-D air bath constant temperature oscillator, SHA-C constant temperature oscillator, magnetic heating stirrer, electronic balance, ultraviolet spectrophotometer Cary50.
  • the dried Astragalus seeds are placed in a dry box and baked at 105 ° C for 2 h, then pulverized and ground, after passing through a 40 mesh sieve, ready for use; 25 g of the treated sassafras seed sample was placed in the extraction vessel of the supercritical extraction system, the system temperature was adjusted to 50 ° C, and the C0 2 flow rate was adjusted to the maximum, and then statically extracted at a constant pressure of 350 Pa for 1.5 h.
  • the crude oil of Scutellariae Radix L.Og is obtained; under this condition, the extraction yield of Scutellaria chinensis seed oil is as high as 4.0%, and the extraction rate is about 60% according to the oil content of Astragalus membranaceus seeds.
  • Degumming treatment The crude oil of the astragalus seed obtained above is heated to 50 ° C under stirring, and the hot water similar to the oil temperature of 4% by weight is uniformly poured into the oil, stirred rapidly for 15 minutes, and heated to 80. °C, stop stirring, keep warm for 6h, separate and remove the lower layer of water and gum, to obtain degummed oil;
  • Deacidification Take 20g of the above degummed oil, place it in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask, stir the degummed oil to 60 °C in a water bath shaker, then add 100ml of NaOH solution at a concentration of 7%, and oscillate continuously. The reaction was carried out for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at OO rmin- 1 for 10 min. In order to remove the soap and free base of the residual portion of the alkali refinery, the supernatant oil after centrifugation is reheated to an oil temperature of 85 ° C, and the oil is washed twice with hot water, washed and centrifuged at 3000 r-min- 1 for 20 min. , sucking the upper layer of oil to obtain deacidified oil;
  • Decolorization Take 5 g of the above deacidified oil, place it in a 100 mL beaker, heat the deacidified oil to 80 ° C on a water bath shaker, then add 0.20 g of activated clay, stir well, keep warm for decolorization reaction for 10 min, to OO Rmin- 1 centrifugal separation lO min; In order to further achieve decolorization, the upper layer of oil after centrifugation can be collected and then added with a certain amount of activated clay, decolorized under the same conditions to obtain decolorized oil, the decolorization rate can reach 96%;
  • Astragalus membranaceus After removing the impurities from the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus, wash them, and dry them for use. Before use, the dried Astragalus seeds are placed in a dry box and baked at 100 ° C for 4 h, then crushed and ground, sieved, and set aside;
  • Degumming treatment The crude oil of the astragalus seed obtained above is heated to 55 ° C under stirring, and the hot water similar to the oil temperature of 3% by weight is uniformly poured into the oil, stirred rapidly for 15 minutes, and heated to 85. °C, stop stirring, keep warm for 6h, separate and remove the lower layer of water and gum, to obtain degummed oil;
  • Deacidification Take 20 g of the above degummed oil, place it in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask, stir the degummed oil to 50 ° C in a water bath shaker, then add 90 ml of 10% aqueous solution of NaOH, and oscillate continuously. The reaction was incubated for 35 min and then centrifuged at 4000 rmin- 1 for 10 min. In order to remove the soap and free base of the residual portion of the alkali refinery, the supernatant oil after centrifugation is reheated to an oil temperature of 70 ° C, and the oil is washed twice with hot water, washed and centrifuged at 3000 rmin- 1 for 20 min, and sucked. The upper layer of fat obtains deacidified oil;
  • Decolorization Take 5g of the above deacidified oil, put it in a lOOmL beaker, heat the deacidified oil to 90 °C on a water bath shaker, then add 0.25g of activated clay, stir well, keep warm for decolorization reaction for 15min, to 4000 rmin - 1 centrifugation for 10 min; in order to further achieve decolorization, the upper layer of oil after centrifugation can be collected and then added with a certain amount of activated clay, decolorized under the same conditions to obtain decolorized oil, the decolorization rate can reach 96%;
  • Deodorization of grease Weigh the above decolorized oil into a round bottom flask with a double-hole rubber stopper (add a few glass beads to prevent bumping:), use an electric heating sleeve for heating, voltage control at 100-120 V, using a glass conduit The direct steam is directly transferred from the bottom to the oil with the oil. The control time was 2h respectively. After the test, the rotary evaporator was used for dehydration drying. The water temperature was set to 70 °C and the rotation speed was 120 rmin until no water droplets were distilled out, so that the required yellow sorghum seed refined oil was obtained.
  • the dried Astragalus seeds are placed in a dry box and baked at 105 °C for 2 h, then pulverized and ground. After passing through a 60 mesh sieve, stand it up; 25 g of the treated Astragalus seed sample is put into the super In the extraction tank of the critical extraction system, adjust the system temperature to 40 °C, and adjust the flow rate of C0 2 to the maximum, and then carry out static extraction for 2.5 h under constant temperature and constant pressure of 250 pa to obtain the crude oil l.Og; Under the condition, the extraction yield of Astragalus membranaceus seed oil is as high as 4.0%. According to the oil content of Astragalus membranaceus seeds, the extraction rate is about 60%.
  • Degumming treatment The crude oil of the astragalus seed obtained above is heated to 45 ° C under stirring, and the hot water similar to the oil temperature of 5% by weight of the oil is evenly poured into the oil, stirred rapidly for 15 minutes, and heated to 75. °C, stop stirring, keep warm for 6h, separate and remove the lower layer of water and gum, to obtain degummed oil;
  • Deacidification Take 20g of the above degummed oil, place it in a 150 mL conical flask, shake the degummed oil to 70 °C in a water bath shaker, then add 80 ml of 12% aqueous solution of NaOH, and oscillate continuously.
  • the reaction was carried out for 25 min, followed by centrifugation at 4000 rmin- 1 for 10 min.
  • the supernatant oil after centrifugation is reheated to an oil temperature of 90 ° C, and the oil is washed twice with hot water, washed and centrifuged at 3000 rmin- 1 for 20 min, and sucked.
  • the upper layer of fat obtains deacidified oil;
  • Deodorization of grease Weigh the above decolorized oil into a round bottom flask with a double-hole rubber stopper (add a few glass beads to prevent bumping:), use an electric heating sleeve for heating, voltage control at 100-120 V, using a glass conduit The direct steam is directly transferred from the bottom to the oil with the oil. The control time was 2h respectively. After the test, the rotary evaporator was used for dehydration and drying. The water temperature was set to 90 °C and the rotation speed was 120 rmin- until no water droplets were distilled out, so that the required yellow sorghum seed refined oil was obtained.
  • the dried Astragalus seeds are placed in a dry box and baked at 105 °C for 2 h, then pulverized and ground. After passing through a 60 mesh sieve, stand it up; 25 g of the treated Astragalus seed sample is put into the super In the extraction tank of the critical extraction system, adjust the system temperature to 40 °C, and adjust the flow rate of C0 2 to the maximum, and then carry out static extraction for 2.5 h under constant temperature and constant pressure of 250 pa to obtain the crude oil l.Og; Under the condition, the extraction yield of Astragalus membranaceus seed oil is as high as 4.0%. According to the oil content of Astragalus membranaceus seeds, the extraction rate is about 60%.
  • Degumming treatment The crude oil of the astragalus seed obtained above is heated to 50 ° C under stirring, and the hot water similar to the oil temperature of 5% by weight of the oil is evenly poured into the oil, stirred rapidly for 15 minutes, and heated to 80. °C, stop stirring, keep warm for 6h, separate and remove the lower layer of water and gum, to obtain degummed oil;
  • Deacidification Take 20 g of the above degummed oil, place it in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask, stir the degummed oil to 60 °C in a water bath shaker, then add 100 ml of 10% aqueous solution of NaOH, and oscillate continuously. The reaction was incubated for 25 min and then centrifuged at 4000 rmin- 1 for 10 min. In order to remove the soap and free base of the residual portion of the alkali refinery, the supernatant oil after centrifugation is heated again to an oil temperature of 80 ° C, and the oil is washed twice with hot water, washed and centrifuged at 3000 rmin- 1 for 20 min, and sucked. The upper layer of fat obtains deacidified oil;
  • Decolorization Take 5 g of the above deacidified oil, place it in a 100 mL beaker, heat the deacidified oil to 70 ° C on a water bath shaker, then add 0.25 g of activated clay, stir well, keep warm for decolorization reaction for 25 min, to OO Rmin- 1 is centrifuged to separate lO min; in order to further achieve decolorization, the supernatant oil after centrifugation may be collected, and then a certain amount of activated clay is added again, and decolorized under the same conditions to obtain the desired refined oil of sassafras.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding a conventional auxiliary material into a soft capsule (500 mg/granule) according to a conventional process, and each time 1.0-2.0 g per person per day, 8 to 12 weeks, not only effective improvement It has a vascular function and has no adverse effects on liver function. It is a safe and effective functional health food for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
  • HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  • the yellow trout seed refined oil obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding a conventional excipient into a tablet according to a conventional process, and is administered in a timely manner, which is a safe and effective method for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). ) Functional health foods.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding a conventional excipient into a dropping pill according to a conventional process, and is administered in a timely manner, which is a safe and effective method for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). ) Functional health foods.
  • the yellow sassafras refined oil obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding a conventional auxiliary material into a capsule according to a conventional process, and is administered in a timely manner, which is a safe and effective method for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). ) Functional health foods.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding a conventional excipient into a granule according to a conventional process, and is administered in a timely manner, which is a safe and effective method for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). ) Functional health foods.
  • adding the conventional auxiliary material according to the conventional process to prepare the mixture, and taking it on time is a safe and effective method for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density fat egg.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 is prepared by adding conventional excipients according to a conventional process, and is administered in a timely manner, which is safe and effective for lowering blood sugar, TC, TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Functional health food.
  • the sassafras seed refined oil obtained in Example 1 was blended with daily sesame oil according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and the ⁇ -6: ⁇ -3 intake ratio in the blended oil was adjusted to 2-4:1.
  • the International Food Science Council recommends standards for daily cooking, salads, health care, and cooking oils.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 was blended with the daily walnut oil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the ratio of the omega-6: ⁇ -3 in the blending oil was adjusted to 2-4:1. It meets the recommendations of the International Food Science Council and can be used as daily cooking, cold salad, health care, and edible oil.
  • the refined oil of the astragalus seed obtained in Example 1 was blended with the daily peanut oil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the ratio of the omega-6: ⁇ -3 in the blending oil was adjusted to 2-4:1.
  • the International Food Science Council recommends standards for daily cooking, salads, health care, and cooking oils.

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Abstract

本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种利用超临界萃取方法提取从黄芪种子中提取的黄芪籽粗油及精制油,以及其在制备保健产品中的应用。所述黄芪籽粗油,是通过对黄芪种子进行 CO2 超临界流体萃取得到的。所述黄芪籽精制油,是对所述黄芪籽粗油经物理精制得到的。所述黄芪籽粗油以及所述黄芪籽精制油具有防止血栓形成、扩张血管的作用,还可以预防动脉粥样硬化、高血压、高血糖和高胆固醇等疾病,可作为心血管病人长期食疗保健油品。

Description

一种黄芪籽粗油、 精制油及制备方法与应用 技术领域 本发明属于中药领域, 具体涉及一种利用超临界萃取方法提取从黄芪种 子中提取的黄芪籽粗油及精制油, 以及其各自的制备方法以及在制备保健品 及药物中的应用。 背景技术
黄芪, 又名黄耆, 为植物和中药材的统称。植物黄芪产于内蒙古、 山西、 甘肃、 黑龙江等地, 为国家三级保护植物。 中药材黄芪为豆科草本植物蒙古 黄芪、 膜荚黄芪的根部位置, 是我国著名的大宗传统药材, 古称之为"补气固 表之圣药", 黄芪的药用迄今已有 2000多年的历史, 具有补气固表、 利水退 肿、 托毒排脓、 生肌、 增强机体免疫功能、 保肝、 利尿、 抗衰老、 抗应激、 降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
黄芪味甘, 性微温, 归肝、 脾、 肺、 肾经。 有益气固表、 敛汗固脱、 托 疮生肌、 利水消肿之功效。 在中医五行理论中, 春季对应的是肝脏, 因此, 调养肝气对于春季的养生至关重要。 黄芪作为补气佳品, 在春季生发的季节 能够起到一定的补气作用。 黄芪熬粥汤, 具有益血补气之功效。
我国从 70年代初期开始进行人工黄芪栽培, 尤其是在 80年代以后, 我 国黄芪栽培量逐年上升。 但是, 目前为止对种植黄芪的研宄完全集中于黄芪 根部即作为中药材的研宄, 对黄芪其他部位尤其是黄芪生产链上的其他相关 部位的研宄几乎空白, 这对于黄芪植物的综合利用, 尤其是黄芪种植产业链 的发展是有一定限制所用的, 而如何更好的开发黄芪产业链中的其他有益价 值产物, 已成为了黄芪乃至中药材领域的核心话题并引起了充分关注及研宄。
油脂是人类饮食中发热量最高的营养素, 人类饮食中需要保证油脂的含 量。 但是, 随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高, 国内油脂油料 资源紧缺的矛盾日益突出。 与此同时, 人们对食用油的营养与保健功能更加 重视。 因而, 积极开发新的食用油资源, 特别是对人体健康有特殊作用、 脂 肪酸组成特殊、 含有特殊生理活性物质的营养保健食用油具有十分重要的意 义。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种通过超临界萃取的方法从黄芪种子中制备得到的黄芪 籽粗油、制备方法, 以及对所述粗油进行精制得到的黄芪籽精油、制备方法, 以及所述粗油和精油在制备治疗、 预防疾病保健品和药物中的新应用。
上述问题由如下技术方案实现:
所述黄芪籽粗油, 是通过对黄芪种子进行 co2超临界流体萃取得到的。 所述超临界萃取过程中, 调节 C02流量最大, 并在 30-50°C的恒温、 250-350Pa的恒压条件下进行萃取 1.5-2.5h。
所述黄芪籽粗油按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床可接受的片剂、 滴 丸剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂或丸剂。 所述黄芪籽精制油是对所述的黄芪籽粗油经物理精制得到的, 所述精制 步骤具体包括:
( a) 脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 45-55°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗 油重量 3-5%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀,并搅拌升温至 75-85 °C, 保温静置分层, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 50-70 °C, 保温加入浓度为 7-12%的氢氧化钠水溶液,离心取上层油脂,并加热至 70-90 °C, 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
( c)脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 70-90°C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 4-6 % 的活性白土, 进行保温脱色至少一次, 离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。 优选的, 所述的黄芪籽精制油是通过如下步骤制得的:
(a)脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 50°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗油重 量 4%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 80°C,保温静 置分层 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 60 °C, 保温 加入浓度为 10%氢氧化钠水溶液进行脱酸处理, 离心取上层油脂, 并加热至 80°C, 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
(c) 脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 80 °C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 5%的活 性白土进行保温脱色二次, 离心取上层得到所需的黄芪籽精制油。 进一步的, 所述步骤 (c) 之后, 还包括将所述黄芪籽精制油脱臭的步骤 (d), 具体步骤为:
(d) 脱臭: 取所述脱色处理后的黄芪籽精制油加热至 70-90°C, 使用玻 璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。 最优的, 所述步骤(d)具体为: 取所述黄芪籽精制油加热至 80 °C, 使用 玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味 后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
所述黄芪籽精制油按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床可接受的片剂、 滴丸剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂或丸剂。 所述制备黄芪籽粗油的方法, 包括将黄芪籽在 30-50°C恒温、 250-350 Pa 恒压条件下, 进行 C02超临界流体萃取 1.5-2.5h的步骤。 所述制备黄芪籽精制油的方法, 是在对所述制备黄芪籽粗油的步骤后, 还包括物理精制的步骤, 具体包括如下步骤:
(a) 脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 45-55°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗 油重量 3-5%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀,并搅拌升温至 75-85 °C, 保温静置分层, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 50-70 °C, 保温加入浓度为 7-12%氢氧化钠水溶液,离心取上层油脂,并加热至 70-90°C, 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
(c)脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 70-90°C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 4-6% 的活性白土, 进行保温脱色至少一次, 离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。 优选的, 所述制备黄芪籽精制油的方法, 包括如下步骤: (a)脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 50°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗油重 量 4%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 80°C,保温静 置分层 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 60 °C, 保温 加入浓度为 10%氢氧化钠水溶液, 离心取上层油脂, 并加热至 80°C, 加热水 洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
(c) 脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 80°C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 5%的活 性白土进行保温脱色二次, 离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。 进一步的, 所述步骤 (c) 之后, 还包括将所述黄芪籽精制油脱臭的步骤 (d), 具体步骤为:
(d) 脱臭: 取所述脱色处理后的黄芪籽精制油加热至 70-90°C, 使用玻 璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。 最优的, 所述步骤(d)具体为: 取所述黄芪籽精制油加热至 80 °C, 使用 玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味 后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。 所述黄芪籽粗油用于制备具有降血糖、 降高脂、 降甘油三脂、 降胆固醇 功能保健品及药物中的应用。
所述黄芪籽精制油用于制备具有降血糖、 降高脂、 降甘油三脂、 降胆固 醇功能保健品及药物中的应用。 所述黄芪籽精制油用于制备食用调和油的应用。
一种食用调和油, 由所述黄芪籽精制油与常规芝麻油、 橄榄油、 葡萄籽 油、 核桃油、 大豆油、 葵花子油或花生油按比例调和制成。
本发明前述及下述黄芪种子为现有种植黄芪植物之用的种子, 又称黄芪 籽, 本发明所述方案中以黄芪籽称之, 不同种植地及种植方法之间获得的黄 芪籽其营养成分及效果之间并无区别。
进一步的, 所述黄芪籽还包括除杂、 洗净, 晾干等步骤, 备用。 或者使 用前, 在干燥箱中于 105°C烘烤 2 h后粉碎后磨碎, 过 40目筛, 备用。 本发明所述方案研宄开发黄芪籽资源, 制定利用超临界 co2萃取黄芪籽 油的工艺路线, 并用 GC-MS联用对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析和鉴定, 同时分 析检测了黄芪籽油中的各种维生素及微量元素的含量。
经分析结果证明, 首次发现黄芪籽油中营养成分丰富, 人类营养利用价 值极高。 其含有较高的维生素 E及多种脂肪酸成分, 脂肪酸组成成分中有肉 豆蔻酸、 棕榈酸、 硬脂酸、 花生酸、 山嵛酸、 油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸等, 其 中多不饱和脂肪酸 亚油酸和亚麻酸分别含量为 44.5 %和 22.8%(比例为 2:1 ), 充分说明了黄芪籽油是一种具有营养保健价值的功能性油脂。
本发明采用绿色高效的萃取技术 超临界 02萃取黄芪籽油,通过粗提及 精制工艺对黄芪籽油加工得到精制油, 为黄芪籽油产业发展提供必要的技术 参数。
所述黄芪籽精制油不仅可以制备成日常保健之用的保健品和药品, 还可 以与日常芝麻油、 橄榄油、 葡萄籽油、 核桃油、 大豆油、 葵花子油或花生油 按一定比例调和, 使调和油中的 ω-6:ω-3摄入比例调为 2-4: 1, 符合国际食品 科学委员会推荐标准, 可作为日常烹饪、 凉拌、 保健、 食用油品。
实验例 1
1、 黄芪籽精制油理化指标检测
对下述实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽粗油和黄芪籽精制油进行理化指标检 测, 具体参数见下表 1 :
表 1黄芪籽油精制前后理化性质比较 理化指标 粗油 精制油 透明度、 气味、 滋味 综褐色 浅黄色透明
过氧化值 0.11 g/100g 0.14 g/100g 酸值 4.8 mg/g 0.8 g/mg 碘值 148 g/100g 137.5 g/mg 皂化值 185 mg/g 182.9 mg/g 磷脂 0.46 g/100g 从上述数据可知, 所述黄芪籽精制油的各个指标都达到了理想的效果, 透明色浅气味淡, 质量有了明显改善, 有利于油脂的保存, 且符合食用 植物油标准。
2、 黄芪籽油脂肪酸 GC-MS分析检测
参照 GB/T 22223-2008食品中总脂肪、饱和脂肪、不饱和脂肪的测定水解 提取-气相色谱法对该样品进行了测试, 测试结果见图 1所示, 并参见图 2所 示的脂肪酸标准品图谱确认所述黄芪籽粗油和精制油中所含有的成分, 并计 算其精制前后的成分含量, 具体参见表 2所示:
表 2黄芪籽油脂肪酸组成 名 称 粗油含量 (%) 精制油含量(%) 肉豆寇酸 (C14:0) 0.3 0.17 棕榈酸 (C16:0) 6.7 5.95
棕榈油酸 (C16: 1η7) 0.09 硬酯酸 (C18:0) 3.0 2.71 油酸 (C18:ln9c) 17.8 16.73
亚油酸 (C18:2n6c) 44.5 51.72
α-亚麻酸 (C18:3n3 ) 22.8 15.25
花生酸 (C20:0) 1.1 0.95
顺 -11-二十碳一烯酸 (C20:l ) 0.4 0.85 山嵛酸 (C22:0) 0.3 0.33
Omega-3类脂肪酸 22.8 15.25
Omega-6类脂肪酸 44.5 51.72
Omega-9类脂肪酸 17.8 16.73 饱和脂肪酸 11.3 10.11 单不饱和脂肪酸 18.3 17.67 多不饱和脂肪酸 67.3 66.97 饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量比 13 12
3黄芪籽油营养成分检测
具体检测方法依据为: GB5413.9-2010、 GB5009.93-2010、 GB/T5009.14-2003、 GB/T5009.90-2003、 GB/T5009.92-2003、 GB/T5009.12-2003、 GB/T22220-2008, 对所述黄芪籽粗油和精制油的营养成分进行检测, 结果见 表 3。
表 3黄芪籽油检测结果 检测项目 粗油检测结果 精制油检测结果 维生素 E总量 mg/100g 55.5 89.6
α-生育酚 mg/100g 54.2 83.2
γ+β-生育酚 mg/100g 1.30 6.45 胆固醇 mg/100g 未检出 未检出 铁 mg/100g 4.89 0.35 钙 mg/100g 6.53 0.13 鋅 mg/100g 0.47 0.15 有上述性能检测数据可知, 所述黄芪籽粗油中, 脂肪酸总量为 96.9%, 单 不饱和脂肪酸含量达到 18.3%, 多不饱和脂肪酸含量达到 67.3%, 其中不饱和 脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 88%; 所述精制油中, 脂肪酸总量为 94.75%, 单不饱 和脂肪酸含量为 17.67%, 多不饱和脂肪酸含量为 66.97%, 其中不饱和脂肪酸 占脂肪酸总量的 89%, 且维生素 E和钙含量高, 不含胆固醇。 分析结果充分 说明了黄芪籽油是制备营养心血管疾病保健油的优质原料, 作为一种富含有 不饱和脂肪酸的功能性油脂, 黄芪籽油具有营养保健和预防疾病之功效。 具 有防止血栓形成、 扩张血管的作用, 还可以预防动脉粥样硬化、 高血糖、 高 血压和高胆固醇等疾病, 可作为心血管病人长期食疗保健油品。
综上所述, 本发明所述的无论是黄芪籽粗油或是精制后的精制油的营养 成分丰富, 具有很高的营养保健价值和食疗价值, 有着广阔的开发前景。 并 且对中药黄芪产业又开辟了新的资源及用途, 进一步提高人类的生活质量。
实验例 2
1实验材料与方法
1. 1实验用油
黄芪籽精制油系本研宄组自制,采用下述实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精 制油进行试验, 含亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸和不饱和脂肪酸; 对照用市售花生油。
1. 2实验动物和词料 健康雄性 SD大鼠 6〜8周龄, 60只, 随机分组 6组, 每组 10只, 体重范 围: 160〜190g (由军事医学科学院实验动物中心, 许可证号: SCXK- (军) 2007-004)
SPF大、小鼠词料由北京科澳协力词料有限公司提供,生产许可证号: SCXK (京) 2009-0012。 饮水为经高压灭菌的自来水。 动物自由摄食。
1.3实验仪器
SELECTRA-E全自动生化分析仪 (荷兰威图科学公司)、 HEMAVET 950 型全自动五分类动物血液分析仪 (英国 DREW公司) 、低速大容量离心机等。总 胆固醇试剂盒, 甘油三脂试剂盒, 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇试剂盒, 以上由北京中 生生物工程高技术公司提供
1.4剂量选择和实验方法
以灌胃方式给药, 设置黄芪籽油低、 中、高 3个剂量组, 另设正常对照组、 模型组、 花生油对照组, 具体剂量为正常对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水 5g/kg, 花 生油对照组 3 g/kg,高、中、低剂量组给予黄芪籽油的体积依次为 5 g/kg、3 g/kg、 以基础词料喂词大鼠 7天后, 禁食过夜, 称重, 取尾血, 测血清 TC、 TG 和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C), 根据体重, 随机分为 6组(每组 10只)。 正 常对照组用正常词料喂养, 其余各剂量组、 模型组、 阳性对照组均用高脂词料 喂养。 每日给药 1次, 每周给药 7天, 共给药 5周。
每天对动物进行观察, 且每周对动物体重及摄食量测量一次。 于连续给药 2周后, 每周大鼠尾静脉取血检测血糖值; 于实验结束时, 动物禁食 12〜16小 时后,戊巴比妥钠(50mg · kg-1 )腹腔注射麻醉,使用负压管经腹主动脉取血, 测定生化指标。
1.5数据分析
采用 SPSS 17.0计算各组计量数据的平均值和标准差并进行 t检验分析,显 著性标准 <0.05。
2实验结果
2.1黄芪籽油的毒性及对大鼠体重的影响
按照毒性试验程序, 以 SPF级 ICR小鼠 (4~5周龄, 14~17g, 共 40只, 雌 雄各半, 由军事医学科学院实验动物中心, 许可证号: SCXK- (军) 2007-004 提供)为实验对象, 一次性灌胃中草药植物油 80ml*kg-l, 观察两周, 为发现动 物产生任何毒性反应或死亡情况, 黄芪籽油为无毒。
黄芪籽油对大鼠的体重的影响结果如表 1所示。 表 1黄芪籽油对大鼠的体重的影响表
1W 2W 3W 4W 5W 6W
237.100 ± 300.000 ± 358.600 ± 402.400 ± 433.500 ± 456.000士 水对照
13.63 13.67 17.58 21.71 25.09 31.23
235.800 ± 245.000 ± 272.900 ± 263.800 ± 257.600 ± 257.200士 油对照
15.70 28.13** 20.17** 21.84** 21.38** 20.35**
238.600 ± 241.100 ± 263.500 ± 250.600 ± 246.000 ± 242.200士 模型组
12.14 1 1 .10** 12.08** 12.92** 14.87** 14.16**
235.000 ± 238.000 ± 254.700 ± 246.500 ± 241扁 ± 241.900 ± 低剂量
9.10 12.92** 12.86** 14.41 ** 16.52** 16.20**
232.000 ± 231.400 ± 254.900 ± 251.900 ± 248.700 ± 244.700士 中剂量
10.96 13.44** 1 1.17** 12.77** 13.15** 13.679**
237.100 ± 235.700 ± 256.100 247.200 ± 242.900 ± 244.500士 鬲齐量
13.63 12.85** ± 24.63 19.91 ** 20.1 1 ** 18.81 **
注: 与正常对照组比较, *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01 ; 与 AA模型组比较, AP<0.05, A <0.05 ; 与油对照组比 较, "尸<0.05, *V<0.01
在给药过程中, 黄芪籽油各剂量组及油对照组动物体重除给药第 1周与正 常对照组比较没有显著性差异, 其余各周 (给药 2-6周) 动物体重与正常对照 组比较均显著降低, 并出现极显著性差异 (p<0.01 ), 其原因主要是由于高脂 词料适口性较差, 动物摄食量减少, 从而导致动物体重显著减低, 与黄芪籽油 无关; 黄芪籽油各剂量组与油对照组相比体重有减轻的趋势, 但没有显著性差 异(p>0.05 );黄芪籽油各剂量组与模型对照组比较均未见显著性差异(p>0.05 )。
2.2黄芪籽油对血糖影响 (见表 2)
表 2 : 黄芪籽油对血糖影响结果
20天 24天 27天 31天
水对照 6.630 ± 0.66 6.500 ± 0.56 6.370 ± 0.56 6.670 ± 0.54 油对照 6.490 ± 0.61 6.310 ± 0.63 6.440 ± 0.71 6.480 ± 0.62 模型组 6.440 ± 0.65 6.180 ± 0.51 6.200 ± 0.54 6.280 ± 0.53 低剂量 5.890 ± 0.48*A 5.990 ± 0.66 6.050 ± 0.86 6.030 ± 0.86 中剂量 6.330 ± 0.48 6.280 ± 0.71 6.230 ± 0.83 5.430 ± 0.65**" 高剂量 6.090 ±0.33* 5.980 ±0.64 6.190 ±0.49 5.570 ± 0.76**
注: 与正常对照组比较, *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01; 与 AA模型组比较, AP<0.05, A <0.05; 与油对照组比 较, "尸<0.05, *V<0.01
于给药后第 20天、 24天、 27天、 31天, 分别对黄芪籽油各剂量组、 花生 油油对照组、 模型对照及正常对照通过尾静脉采血进行血糖检测, 黄芪籽油血 糖检测结果较正常对照、 油对照和模型对照组有一定的降低趋势, 其中高剂量 组于给药后第 20天、 31天与正常对照比较均出现了显著性差异 (p<0.05, p <0.01), 与模型对照于给药后第 31天出现显著性差异(p<0.05); 中剂量组于 给药后第 31天与模型对照、、油对照和正常对照比较均出现了极显著性差异(p <0.01); 低剂量组虽与正常对照和模型对照比较均有降低趋势, 但仅在给药后 第 20天出现显著性差异(p<0.05);其余时间点均未见显著性差异(p>0.05)。
2.3黄芪籽油对大鼠总甘油三脂水平的影响
黄芪籽油对大鼠总甘油三脂水平的影响如表 3所示
表 3黄芪籽油对大鼠总甘油三脂水平的影响表
TG甘油三脂
组别
实验前 实验后
水对照 0.98±0· 42 1.01 ±0· 58"
油对照 0.99 ±0· 39 1.58±0.56
模型组 1.03 ±0· 40 1.76±0· 49
低剂量 0.97 ±0· 42 1.45 ±0· 52
中剂量 0.99±0· 41 1.27±0.46"
鬲齐量 1.02±0· 40 1.21 ±0.43" 注: 与正常对照组比较, *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01; 与 AA模型组比较, AP<0.05, A <0.01; 与油对照组比 较, "尸<0.05, *V<0.01
结果表明, 在给予黄芪籽油 31 天后, 对照组和模型组相比有显著差异, 说明造模成功。 在给予黄芪籽油 31天后, 黄芪籽油中、 高剂量组大鼠血清甘 油三脂含量显著降低, 对油对照组和模型组相比, 差异有显著性 (P<0.05)。
2.4黄芪籽油对大鼠总胆固醇水平的影响
黄芪籽油对大鼠总胆固醇水平的影响如表 4所示
表 4黄芪籽油对大鼠总胆固醇水平的影响表 血清总胆固醇
组别 ·
实验前 实验后
水对照 2.53±0· 38 2.54±0· 22" 油对照 2.49 ±0· 50 3.51±0· 40 模型组 2.53±0· 50 3.68±0· 38 低剂量 2.52±0· 46 3.52±0· 35 中剂量 2.47 ±0· 45 2.89±0· 41Α
鬲齐量 2.43 ±0· 43 2.85 ±0· 32" 注: 与正常对照组比较, *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01; 与 AA模型组比较, AP<0.05, A <0.01; 与油对照组比 较, "尸<0.05, *V<0.01
结果表明, 在给予黄芪籽油 31 天后, 对照组和模型组相比有显著差异, 说明造模成功, 其与有油对照组相比没有统计学意义。 黄芪籽油高剂量的组 大鼠血清总胆固醇含量显著降低, 与油对照组和模型组相比, 差异有显著性 (P<0.05)。黄芪籽油中剂量组的大鼠总胆固醇含量显著降低,与模型组相比, 差异有显著性 (P<0.05)。
2.5黄芪籽油对大鼠高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇水平的影响
黄芪籽油对大鼠高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇的影响如表 5所示
表 5黄芪籽油对大鼠高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇 HDL— c水平的影响表
, . -胆固醇
Figure imgf000013_0001
水对照 0.98±0.42 0.99±0.58 油对照 0.95 ±0.39 0.88±0· 56 模型组 1.00±0.37 0.77±0· 52 低剂量 0.99±0.42 0.89±0· 52 中剂量 1.02±0· 41 0.95 ±0· 46" 鬲齐量 0.99 ±0.40 1.02 + 0.43" 注: 与正常对照组比较, *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0.01; 与 AA模型组比较, AP<0.05, A <0.05; 与油对照组比 较, "尸<0.05, *V<0.01
结果表明,在给予黄芪籽油 31天后,与油照组和模型组相比有显著差异, 黄芪籽油中、 高剂量组的大鼠高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇含量显著增加, 差异有显 著性 (Ρ<0·05)。 3 讨论
从实验研宄证明, 给予中剂量和高剂量的黄芪籽油可使大鼠血糖及血清 总胆固醇和甘油三脂显著降低, 而且随着剂量的增加, 高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇 含量有增加的趋势。
人类营养油脂委员会、 欧共体食品科学委员会、 英国营养基金委员会和 加拿大科学委员会均推荐亚油酸与 a-亚麻酸摄入比例以 4 : 1为宜, ω-6 I ω-3 高比例不利于预防 CVD疾病。 与普通单一食用油脂相比, 黄芪籽油 a-亚麻酸 含量高, 而且 ω-6和 ω-3摄入比例符合推荐标准。
实验结果充分表明, 黄芪籽油具有降血糖、 降血脂、 预防心脑血管疾病 的功能保健作用, 是一种高营养成分的健康油品。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施 例并结合附图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明, 其中
图 1 为实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油的 GC-MS谱图。
图 2为脂肪酸标准品的 GC-MS谱图。 具体实施方式 本发明下述各实施例中使用的黄芪籽原料为山西省应县供销社提供,留 样存放于山西中医学院科研实验中心,仅作为阐述本发明所述方案的技术效 果示例。 其他试剂, 如 C02, 食品级, 纯度为 99.5 % ; 活性白土, 活性炭, 硅胶, 硅藻土, 无水乙醇、 石油醚、 氢氧化钠等均为市售产品。
涉及设备包括: 超临界流体萃取系统 (美国 Thar Technologies公司: KDC-1044低速离心机, THZ-D空气浴恒温振荡器, SHA-C恒温振荡器, 磁力加热搅拌器, 电子天平, 紫外分光光度计 cary50。
实施例 1
本实施例所述黄芪籽精制油的具体制备步骤包括:
取黄芪种子经除杂处理后、 洗净, 晾干备用。 使用前, 将晾干后的黄芪 种子置于干燥箱中于 105°C烘烤 2 h后粉碎且磨碎, 过 40目筛后, 备用; 将处理后的黄芪籽样品 25g投入到所述超临界萃取系统的萃取釜中, 调 节系统温度至 50°C, 并调节 C02流量至最大, 然后保持恒温、 恒压 350pa下 进行静态萃取 1.5h, 得到黄芪籽粗油 l.Og; 在此条件下黄芪籽油萃取得率高 达 4.0%左右, 按照黄芪种子含油量计算, 提取率达 60%左右。
精制步骤:
脱胶处理: 将上述得到的黄芪籽粗油, 在搅拌下加热至 50°C, 量取按油 重量 4%的与油温相近的热水均匀地泼洒到油中, 快速搅拌 15min, 升温至 80°C, 停止搅拌, 保温静置 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得脱胶油;
脱酸: 取上述脱胶油 20g, 置于 150 mL锥形瓶中, 水浴摇床中使脱胶油 振荡加热到 60 °C, 然后分别加入 100ml浓度为 7%的 NaOH的水溶液, 并不 断振荡, 保温反应 30 min, 随后在以 OO rmin-1离心分离 10 min。 为了除去 碱炼油残留部分的皂和游离碱,将离心处理后的上层油脂再加热至油温 85 °C, 使用热水对油脂进行 2次洗涤, 洗涤后以 3000 r-min-1离心分离 20min, 吸取 上层油脂得到脱酸油;
脱色: 取上述脱酸油 5 g, 置于 100 mL烧杯中, 使脱酸油在水浴摇床上 加热到 80°C,随后加 0.20 g的活性白土,充分搅拌,保温进行脱色反应 10min, 以 OO rmin-1离心分离 lO min; 为了进一步实现脱色, 可以将离心后的上层 油脂收集后再次加入一定量的活性白土, 在相同条件下进行脱色, 得到脱色 油, 脱色率可达到 96%;
油脂脱臭: 称取上述脱色油置于具有双孔橡胶塞的圆底烧瓶中 (加入几粒 玻璃珠防止爆沸:), 使用电热套进行加热, 电压控制在 100-120 V, 使用玻璃导 管通人直接蒸汽自下而上与油均匀地传质气提过程。 分别控制时间 2h, 试验 后使用旋转蒸发仪进行脱水干燥, 设置水域温度 80°C、 转速 120 rmin, 直至 无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
实施例 2
本实施例所述黄芪籽精制油的具体制备步骤包括:
取黄芪种子经除杂处理后、 洗净, 晾干备用。 使用前, 将晾干后的黄芪 种子置于干燥箱中于 100°C烘烤 4 h后粉碎且磨碎, 过筛后, 备用;
将处理后的黄芪种子样品 25g投入到所述超临界萃取系统的萃取釜中, 调节系统温度至 30°C, 并调节 C02流量至最大, 然后保持恒温、 恒压 350pa 下进行静态萃取 2.5h, 得到黄芪籽粗油 l .Og; 在此条件下黄芪籽油萃取得率 高达 4.0%左右, 按照黄芪种子含油量计算, 提取率达 60%左右。
脱胶处理: 将上述得到的黄芪籽粗油, 在搅拌下加热至 55°C, 量取按油 重量 3 %的与油温相近的热水均匀地泼洒到油中, 快速搅拌 15min, 升温至 85°C, 停止搅拌, 保温静置 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得脱胶油;
脱酸: 取上述脱胶油 20 g, 置于 150 mL锥形瓶中, 水浴摇床中使脱胶油 振荡加热到 50°C, 然后分别加入 90ml浓度为 10%的 NaOH的水溶液, 并不 断振荡, 保温反应 35 min, 随后在以 4000 rmin-1离心分离 10 min。 为了除去 碱炼油残留部分的皂和游离碱,将离心处理后的上层油脂再加热至油温 70°C, 使用热水对油脂进行 2次洗涤, 洗涤后以 3000 rmin-1离心分离 20min, 吸取 上层油脂得到脱酸油;
脱色: 取上述脱酸油 5g, 置于 lOO mL烧杯中, 使脱酸油在水浴摇床上加 热到 90°C, 随后加 0.25g的活性白土, 充分搅拌, 保温进行脱色反应 15min, 以 4000 rmin-1离心分离 10 min; 为了进一步实现脱色, 可以将离心后的上层 油脂收集后再次加入一定量的活性白土, 在相同条件下进行脱色, 得到脱色 油, 脱色率可达到 96%;
油脂脱臭: 称取上述脱色油置于具有双孔橡胶塞的圆底烧瓶中 (加入几粒 玻璃珠防止爆沸:), 使用电热套进行加热, 电压控制在 100-120 V, 使用玻璃导 管通人直接蒸汽自下而上与油均匀地传质气提过程。 分别控制时间 2h, 试验 后使用旋转蒸发仪进行脱水干燥, 设置水域温度 70°C、 转速 120 rmin, 直至 无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
实施例 3
本实施例所述黄芪籽精制油的具体制备步骤包括:
取黄芪种子经除杂处理后、 洗净, 晾干备用。 使用前, 将晾干后的黄芪 种子置于干燥箱中于 105 °C烘烤 2 h后粉碎且磨碎, 过 60目筛后, 备用; 将处理后的黄芪种子样品 25g投入到所述超临界萃取系统的萃取釜中, 调节系统温度至 40 °C, 并调节 C02流量至最大, 然后保持恒温、 恒压 250 pa 下进行静态萃取 2.5h, 得到黄芪籽粗油 l .Og; 在此条件下黄芪籽油萃取得率 高达 4.0%左右, 按照黄芪种子含油量计算, 提取率达 60%左右。
脱胶处理: 将上述得到的黄芪籽粗油, 在搅拌下加热至 45°C, 量取按油 重量 5 %的与油温相近的热水均匀地泼洒到油中, 快速搅拌 15min, 升温至 75°C, 停止搅拌, 保温静置 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得脱胶油; 脱酸: 取上述脱胶油 20g, 置于 150 mL锥形瓶中, 水浴摇床中使脱胶油 振荡加热到 70°C, 然后分别加入 80ml浓度为 12%的 NaOH的水溶液, 并不 断振荡, 保温反应 25 min, 随后在以 4000 rmin-1离心分离 10 min。 为了除去 碱炼油残留部分的皂和游离碱,将离心处理后的上层油脂再加热至油温 90°C, 使用热水对油脂进行 2次洗涤, 洗涤后以 3000 rmin-1离心分离 20min, 吸取 上层油脂得到脱酸油;
脱色: 取上述脱酸油 5 g, 置于 100 mL烧杯中, 使脱酸油在水浴摇床上 加热到 70°C,随后加 0.25g的活性白土,充分搅拌,保温进行脱色反应 25min, 以 4000 rmin-1离心分离 10 min; 为了进一步实现脱色, 可以将离心后的上层 油脂收集后再次加入一定量的活性白土, 在相同条件下进行脱色, 得到脱色 油, 脱色率可达到 96%;
油脂脱臭: 称取上述脱色油置于具有双孔橡胶塞的圆底烧瓶中 (加入几粒 玻璃珠防止爆沸:), 使用电热套进行加热, 电压控制在 100-120 V, 使用玻璃导 管通人直接蒸汽自下而上与油均匀地传质气提过程。 分别控制时间 2h, 试验 后使用旋转蒸发仪进行脱水干燥, 设置水域温度 90°C、 转速 120 rmin-, 直至 无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
实施例 4
取黄芪种子经除杂处理后、 洗净, 晾干备用。 使用前, 将晾干后的黄芪 种子置于干燥箱中于 105 °C烘烤 2 h后粉碎且磨碎, 过 60目筛后, 备用; 将处理后的黄芪种子样品 25g投入到所述超临界萃取系统的萃取釜中, 调节系统温度至 40 °C, 并调节 C02流量至最大, 然后保持恒温、 恒压 250 pa 下进行静态萃取 2.5h, 得到黄芪籽粗油 l .Og; 在此条件下黄芪籽油萃取得率 高达 4.0%左右, 按照黄芪种子含油量计算, 提取率达 60%左右;
脱胶处理: 将上述得到的黄芪籽粗油, 在搅拌下加热至 50°C, 量取按油 重量 5 %的与油温相近的热水均匀地泼洒到油中, 快速搅拌 15min, 升温至 80°C, 停止搅拌, 保温静置 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得脱胶油;
脱酸: 取上述脱胶油 20 g, 置于 150 mL锥形瓶中, 水浴摇床中使脱胶油 振荡加热到 60 °C, 然后分别加入 100ml浓度为 10%的 NaOH的水溶液, 并不 断振荡, 保温反应 25 min, 随后在以 4000 rmin-1离心分离 10 min。 为了除去 碱炼油残留部分的皂和游离碱,将离心处理后的上层油脂再加热至油温 80°C, 使用热水对油脂进行 2次洗涤, 洗涤后以 3000 rmin-1离心分离 20min, 吸取 上层油脂得到脱酸油;
脱色: 取上述脱酸油 5 g, 置于 100 mL烧杯中, 使脱酸油在水浴摇床上 加热到 70°C,随后加 0.25g的活性白土,充分搅拌,保温进行脱色反应 25min, 以 OO rmin-1离心分离 lO min; 为了进一步实现脱色, 可以将离心后的上层 油脂收集后再次加入一定量的活性白土, 在相同条件下进行脱色, 得到所需 黄芪籽精制油。
实施例 5
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成软胶囊剂(500mg/粒), 每人每天 1.0-2.0g早晚各一次, 疗程 8-12周, 不仅 有效改善血管功能且对肝功能无不良影响,是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 6
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成片剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂蛋 白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 7
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成滴丸剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 8
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成胶囊剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 9
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成颗粒剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 10
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成合剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂蛋 白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 11
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油, 添加常规辅料按照常规工艺制备 成丸剂, 按时定量服用, 是一种安全有效的降低血糖、 TC、 TG和高密度脂蛋 白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 的功能性保健食品。
实施例 12
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油,按照 1 : 1的质量比例与日常芝麻油 相调和, 使调和油中的 ω-6:ω-3摄入比例调为 2-4: 1, 符合国际食品科学委员 会推荐标准, 可作为日常烹饪、 凉拌、 保健、 食用油品。
实施例 13
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油,按照 1 : 1的质量比例与日常核桃油 相调和, 使调和油中的 ω-6:ω-3摄入比例调为 2-4: 1, 符合国际食品科学委员 会推荐标准, 可作为日常烹饪、 凉拌、 保健、 食用油品。
实施例 14
取实施例 1中所得到的黄芪籽精制油,按照 1 : 1的质量比例与日常花生油 相调和, 使调和油中的 ω-6:ω-3摄入比例调为 2-4: 1, 符合国际食品科学委员 会推荐标准, 可作为日常烹饪、 凉拌、 保健、 食用油品。
显然, 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例, 而并非对实施方式 的限定。 对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上还可以做 出其它不同形式的变化或变动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。 而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种黄芪籽粗油, 其特征在于, 是通过对黄芪种子进行 co2超临界 流体萃取得到的。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的黄芪籽粗油, 其特征在于, 所述超临界萃取 过程中, 调节 C02流量最大, 并在 30-50°C的恒温、 250-350Pa的恒压条件 下进行萃取 1. 5-2. 5h。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的黄芪籽粗油, 其特征在于, 所述黄芪籽 粗油按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床可接受的片剂、滴丸剂、胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂或丸剂。
4、 一种黄芪籽精制油, 其特征在于, 是对权利要求 1-3任一所述的黄 芪籽粗油经物理精制得到的, 所述精制步骤具体包括:
(a) 脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 45-55°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽 粗油重量 3-5%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 75-85°C , 保温静置分层, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b)脱酸: 取步骤(a)中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 50-70 °C, 保温加入浓度为 7-12%的氢氧化钠水溶液, 离心取上层油脂, 并加热至 70-90 °C , 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
( c )脱色:取所述脱酸油加热至 70-9CTC,加入占所述脱酸油重量 4-6 % 的活性白土,进行保温脱色至少一次,离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的黄芪籽精制油, 其特征在于, 是通过如下步 骤制得的:
(a)脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 50°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗油 重量 4%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 80°C, 保 温静置分层 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 60 °C, 保 温加入浓度为 10%氢氧化钠水溶液进行脱酸处理, 离心取上层油脂, 并加热 至 80°C, 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油; ( c ) 脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 80°C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 5%的 活性白土进行保温脱色二次, 离心取上层得到所需的黄芪籽精制油。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的黄芪籽精制油, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 ( c ) 之后, 还包括将所述黄芪籽精制油脱臭的步骤 (d), 具体步骤为:
( d) 脱臭: 取所述脱色处理后的黄芪籽精制油加热至 70-90°C, 使用 玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱 味后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的黄芪籽精制油, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(d) 具体为: 取所述黄芪籽精制油加热至 80°C, 使用玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下 而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味后, 进行脱水干燥至无 水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
8、 根据权利要求 4-7任一所述的黄芪籽精制油, 其特征在于, 所述黄 芪籽精制油按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床可接受的片剂、 滴丸剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 合剂或丸剂。
9、一种制备黄芪籽粗油的方法,其特征在于,包括将黄芪籽在 30-50 °C 恒温、 250-350 Pa恒压条件下,进行 C02超临界流体萃取 1. 5-2. 5h的步骤。
10、 一种制备黄芪籽精制油的方法, 其特征在于, 在权利要求 9所述 制备黄芪籽粗油的步骤后, 还包括物理精制的步骤, 具体包括如下步骤:
(a) 脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 45-55°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽 粗油重量 3-5%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 75-85°C , 保温静置分层, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b)脱酸: 取步骤(a)中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 50-70 °C, 保温加入浓度为 7-12%氢氧化钠水溶液,离心取上层油脂,并加热至 70-90°C, 加热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
( c )脱色:取所述脱酸油加热至 70-9CTC,加入占所述脱酸油重量 4-6% 的活性白土,进行保温脱色至少一次,离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的制备黄芪籽精制油的方法, 其特征在于, (a)脱胶: 取所述黄芪籽粗油加热至 50°C, 并加入占所述黄芪籽粗油 重量 4%且与所述黄芪籽粗油温度近似的热水混匀, 并搅拌升温至 80°C, 保 温静置分层 6h, 分离除去下层水和胶质, 得上层脱胶油;
(b) 脱酸: 取步骤 (a) 中得到的所述脱胶油, 震荡加热至 60 °C, 保 温加入浓度为 10%氢氧化钠水溶液, 离心取上层油脂, 并加热至 80°C, 加 热水洗涤后, 离心取上层油脂, 得到脱酸油;
( c ) 脱色: 取所述脱酸油加热至 80°C, 加入占所述脱酸油重量 5%的 活性白土进行保温脱色二次, 离心取上层得到所需黄芪籽精制油。
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (c ) 之后, 还包括将所述黄芪籽精制油脱臭的步骤 (d), 具体步骤为:
( d) 脱臭: 取所述脱色处理后的黄芪籽精制油加热至 70-90°C, 使用 玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱 味后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (d) 具体 为: 取所述黄芪籽精制油加热至 80°C, 使用玻璃导管使蒸汽直接自下而上 与所述脱色油进行均匀的传质气提过程, 脱味后, 进行脱水干燥至无水滴 蒸出, 即得所需黄芪籽精制油。
14、权利要求 1-3任一所述黄芪籽粗油用于制备具有降血糖、降高脂、 降甘油三脂、 降胆固醇功能保健品及药物中的应用。
15、 权利要求 4-8任一所述黄芪籽精制油用于制备具有降血糖、 降高 脂、 降甘油三脂、 降胆固醇功能保健品及药物中的应用。
16、权利要求 4-8任一所述黄芪籽精制油用于制备食用调和油的应用。
17、 一种食用调和油, 其特征在于, 由权利要求 4-8任一所述黄芪籽 精制油与常规芝麻油、 橄榄油、 葡萄籽油、 核桃油、 大豆油、 葵花子油或 花生油按比例调和制成。
PCT/CN2013/081528 2013-08-15 2013-08-15 一种黄芪籽粗油、精制油及制备方法与应用 WO2015021631A1 (zh)

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