WO2015019913A1 - 固体撮像装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015019913A1 WO2015019913A1 PCT/JP2014/070040 JP2014070040W WO2015019913A1 WO 2015019913 A1 WO2015019913 A1 WO 2015019913A1 JP 2014070040 W JP2014070040 W JP 2014070040W WO 2015019913 A1 WO2015019913 A1 WO 2015019913A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device including a white pixel and an electronic apparatus including the solid-state imaging device.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the pixel size has been miniaturized as the number of pixels increases. With miniaturization, the PD area is reduced and the amount of incident light is reduced, resulting in a reduction in sensitivity. In order to compensate for this decrease in sensitivity, a white pixel having a transparent layer that hardly absorbs in the visible light region is introduced instead of the color filter.
- Various proposals have been made for the material and forming method of the transparent layer.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the transparent layer is composed of the same material as the lower interlayer insulating film, for example, an SiO 2 film. Yes.
- a solid-state imaging device includes a colored pixel having a first photoelectric conversion element and a colored filter, a white pixel having a second photoelectric conversion element and a transparent layer, a first photoelectric conversion element, and a second photoelectric conversion element.
- the refractive index of the transparent layer is higher than the refractive index of the colored filter, the light incident obliquely on the transparent layer is reflected at the interface between the transparent layer and the colored filter. Returned to the transparent layer side. Therefore, the amount of light that passes through the transparent layer and enters the adjacent pixel is reduced, and color mixing from the white pixel to the adjacent colored pixel is suppressed. Further, since the transparent layer is composed of an inorganic dielectric film made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film, the etching amount of the transparent layer can be controlled with high accuracy, and the shape accuracy is improved.
- An electronic apparatus includes a solid-state imaging device, and the solid-state imaging device includes a colored pixel having a first photoelectric conversion element and a colored filter, and a white pixel having a second photoelectric conversion element and a transparent layer.
- the transparent layer is provided on the light incident side of the second photoelectric conversion element, and has a refractive index higher than that of the colored filter and is made of an inorganic dielectric film made of a material different from the interlayer insulating film. is there.
- imaging is performed by a solid-state imaging device.
- the refractive index of the transparent layer is set higher than the refractive index of the colored filter. It is possible to reduce the amount of light that passes through and enters the adjacent pixels, and to suppress color mixing from the white pixels to the adjacent colored pixels. Further, since the transparent layer is composed of an inorganic dielectric film made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film, the etching amount of the transparent layer can be controlled with high accuracy, and the shape accuracy can be increased.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the solid-state imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this indication. It is a top view showing an example of the shape of the transparent layer comprised with transparent resin. It is a top view showing an example of the shape of the transparent layer at the time of reducing pixel size in FIG. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating an effect
- FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a configuration in which a plurality of unit arrays illustrated in FIG. 7 are arranged. It is a top view showing the other example of the unit arrangement
- FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a configuration in which a plurality of unit arrays illustrated in FIG. 7 are arranged. It is a top view showing the other example of the unit arrangement
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process following FIG. 14. It is a top view showing arrangement
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 18. It is a top view showing a unit arrangement to which a manufacturing method of a solid imaging device concerning a 2nd embodiment of this indication is applied. It is sectional drawing showing the manufacturing method of the solid-state imaging device which has a unit arrangement
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 21.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 22. It is a top view showing arrangement
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 23.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 26. It is a top view showing arrangement
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 29. It is a top view showing a unit arrangement to which a manufacturing method of a solid imaging device concerning a 3rd embodiment of this indication is applied.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method of manufacturing the solid-state imaging device having the unit arrangement illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 32.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 33. It is a top view showing arrangement
- FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 34.
- FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 36.
- FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 37.
- FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 38.
- FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 39.
- It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the solid-state imaging device which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this indication. It is a top view showing the structure of the light-shielding wall shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing showing 1 process in the manufacturing method of the solid-state imaging device shown in FIG.
- It is a functional block diagram of a solid-state imaging device.
- It is a functional block diagram of the electronic device which concerns on an application example.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of the solid-state imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 is a CMOS image sensor used in electronic devices such as a digital still camera and a video camera, and a plurality of colored pixels 10 and a plurality of white pixels 20 are provided in an imaging pixel region (a pixel unit 110 described later). Two-dimensionally arranged.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 may be either a back-illuminated type or a front-illuminated type. Here, a back-illuminated structure will be described as an example.
- the colored pixel 10 includes, for example, a first photoelectric conversion element 11 and a colored filter 12 made of a photodiode, and detects any wavelength of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and the like. It has become.
- the colored filter 12 is provided on the light incident side of the first photoelectric conversion element 11. Note that red (R) is a color corresponding to a wavelength range of 600 nm to 750 nm, green (G) is a color range corresponding to a wavelength range of 495 nm to 570 nm, and blue (B) is a color corresponding to a wavelength range of 450 nm to 495 nm, for example. .
- the white pixel 20 includes, for example, a second photoelectric conversion element 21 made of a photodiode and a transparent layer (transparent filter) 22 and directly detects incident light without color separation.
- the transparent layer 22 is provided on the light incident side of the second photoelectric conversion element 21. That is, the white pixel 20 does not have the colored filter 12, and the transparent layer 22 that hardly absorbs in the visible light region (for example, 400 nm to 800 nm) is disposed. Thereby, in the white pixel 20, light in a wavelength region that is normally discarded by the colored filter 12 is photoelectrically converted by the second photoelectric conversion element 21 to compensate for a decrease in sensitivity due to miniaturization and to increase the sensitivity. It becomes possible.
- An on-chip lens 30 is disposed on the light incident side of the colored filter 12 and the transparent layer 22.
- the on-chip lens 30 focuses light incident from above on the light receiving surface of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 or the second photoelectric conversion element 21.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 (photodiode) are provided with a thickness of, for example, about several ⁇ m on the back surface 40A side of the substrate 40 made of silicon (Si). Although the 1st photoelectric conversion element 11 and the 2nd photoelectric conversion element 21 attach a different code
- An interlayer insulating film 50 is provided between the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 (the back surface 40 ⁇ / b> A of the substrate 40), the colored filter 12 and the transparent layer 22.
- the interlayer insulating film 50 has a function as a protective film that protects the light receiving surfaces of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21.
- a transfer transistor is a switching element for transferring the charge accumulated in the first photoelectric conversion element 11 to the FD.
- the FD is connected to a signal processing unit (not shown) via a multilayer wiring.
- the multilayer wiring performs driving of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21, signal transmission, voltage application to each part, and the like.
- a support substrate (not shown) may be bonded to the surface 40B side of the substrate 40.
- the colored filter 12 includes, for example, a red filter 12R, a green filter 12G, and a blue filter 12B.
- the red filter 12 ⁇ / b> R is for acquiring a signal corresponding to the red wavelength region from the first photoelectric conversion element 11.
- the green filter 12G is for acquiring a signal corresponding to the green wavelength region from the first photoelectric conversion element 11.
- the blue filter 12 ⁇ / b> B is for obtaining a signal corresponding to the blue wavelength region from the first photoelectric conversion element 11.
- the colored filter 12 is composed of, for example, a resin mixed with a pigment. By selecting a pigment, the colored filter 12 has a high light transmittance in the target red, green, or blue wavelength range, and transmits light in other wavelength ranges. The rate is adjusted to be low.
- the transparent layer 22 is composed of an inorganic dielectric film made of a material having a refractive index higher than that of the colored filter 12 and different from the interlayer insulating film 50. Thereby, in this solid-state imaging device 1, it is possible to suppress color mixing and improve shape accuracy.
- the thickness D22 of the transparent layer 22 is preferably the same as the thickness D12 of the colored filter 12 or thicker than the thickness D12 of the colored filter 12. This is because when the thickness D22 of the transparent layer 22 is thinner than the thickness D12 of the colored filter 12, light that should be incident on the transparent layer 22 may be incident on the colored filter 12.
- the transparent layer 22 that is, (A) that it is composed of an inorganic dielectric film, (B) that it has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the colored filter 12, (C) the interlayer
- A that it is composed of an inorganic dielectric film
- B that it has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the colored filter 12
- C the interlayer
- the transparent layer 22 is made of a transparent resin, it may be difficult to perform fine processing of 1 ⁇ m or less. As is well known in the photosensitive materials, even if the mask pattern is rectangular, the light intensity distribution of the exposure light in the photosensitive material occurs due to light diffraction, and the corners of the rectangular pattern are rounded. .
- the photosensitive resin used for forming the transparent layer 22 is generally a negative photosensitive material similar to the color filter material, and an inorganic pigment is dispersed in order to increase the refractive index. There are also things.
- the pattern miniaturization performance of the transparent layer 22 is determined by the lithography performance of the resin used and the concentration of pigment dispersed. As shown in FIG.
- the pigment-dispersed photosensitive resin has a tendency that the corner portion 22C of the rectangular pattern is scraped during development, and the fine processing performance tends to be inferior to that of a normal lithography photoresist. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the pixels are miniaturized, the proportion of the area where the corners 22C are removed occupies the pixel area, the pattern rectangularity is greatly reduced, and the rectangular transparent layer 22 is accurately formed. It becomes difficult to do.
- the transparent layer 22 is patterned by lithography with a transparent resin
- a photosensitive material that does not absorb in the visible light region.
- many materials that absorb ultraviolet light and exhibit photosensitivity have light absorption on the short wavelength side (blue side, around 400 nm to 450 nm) of the visible light region in the photosensitive group. Therefore, it is difficult to design a material having high resolution by reducing absorption in the visible light region.
- it is transparent since it is transparent, it is easily affected by the reflection of the ground, and it is difficult to keep the shape rectangular.
- the transparent layer 22 is made of an inorganic dielectric film, so that the shape of the transparent layer 22 depends on the lithography resist used as an etching mask.
- the pattern size can be controlled with high accuracy while maintaining the rectangular shape.
- (B) It has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the colored filter 12. Since the white pixel 20 does not have the color filter 12, the amount of light passing through the white pixel 20 is generally larger than that of the RGB color pixel 10. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the color mixture L1 from the white pixel 20 to the adjacent colored pixel 10 is likely to occur. In the present embodiment, a difference in refractive index is provided between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12, so that the light L2 incident near the boundary between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12 is reflected as shown in FIG. The light L1 that is reflected at the interface P between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12 (reflected light L3) and enters the colored filter 12 can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the refractive index difference between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12 and the critical angle ⁇ when the refractive index of the colored filter 12 is 1.55.
- the critical angle ⁇ is an angle formed between the normal line N of the interface P and the incident light L2, and is determined by the refractive index difference between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12.
- (C) It is made of a material different from the interlayer insulating film 50.
- the transparent layer 22 is made of the same material as the interlayer insulating film 50, the transparent layer which is an inorganic material after the formation of the colored filter 12 made of an organic material. It is difficult to form and process 22. Therefore, the transparent layer 22 is formed before the colored filter 12. In that case, if the transparent layer 22 is formed using the same material as the interlayer insulating film 50, it is difficult to use a general endpoint detector in an anisotropic plasma dry etching processing apparatus, and the dry etching processing amount is adjusted by time. Will do. Equipment conditions such as the state of the etching chamber may change the etching rate and affect the etching amount, which may cause processing variations.
- the film is etched isotropically. Therefore, it is desirable to control the etching amount with higher accuracy in order to control the pattern size.
- the etching rate varies depending on the chemical concentration, liquid temperature, etc., and generally it is more difficult to control the etching amount than anisotropic plasma dry etching, and it is inferior in fine workability, so it is applied to fine pixels. Is difficult.
- the transparent layer 22 by configuring the transparent layer 22 with a material different from the underlying interlayer insulating film 50, when using dry etching for processing, a general endpoint detector can be used. It becomes possible to control the etching amount with high accuracy.
- the transparent layer 22 is, for example, a silicon nitride film (SiN) or a silicon oxynitride film (SiON). It is preferable that it is comprised.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a unit array of 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns in such a solid-state imaging device 1.
- the colored pixel 10 includes a red pixel 10R and a blue pixel 10B.
- Two white pixels 20, one red pixel 10R, and one blue pixel 10B form a unit array U1 of 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns.
- the white pixels 20 are arranged on the upper left and lower right along one diagonal line of the unit array U1.
- the red pixel 10R and the blue pixel 10B are arranged on the upper right and lower left along the other diagonal line of the unit array U1. That is, the unit array U1 is obtained by replacing the two green pixels 10G in the RGB Bayer array shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration in which a plurality of unit arrays U1 shown in FIG. 7 are arranged.
- the white pixels 20 are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- FIG. 10 shows another example of the unit array.
- the colored pixel 10 includes a red pixel 10R, a blue pixel 10B, and a green pixel 10G.
- One white pixel 20, one red pixel 10R, one blue pixel 10B, and one green pixel 10G constitute a unit array U2 of 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns.
- the green pixel 10G and the white pixel 20 are arranged at the upper left and lower right along one diagonal line of the unit array U1.
- the red pixel 10R and the blue pixel 10B are arranged on the upper right and lower left along the other diagonal line of the unit array U1. That is, this unit array U2 is obtained by replacing the lower right green pixel 10G in the RGB Bayer array shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration in which a plurality of unit arrays U2 shown in FIG. 10 are arranged.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 can be manufactured as follows, for example. Here, as shown in FIG. 12, a case will be described in which the solid-state imaging device 1 having the unit array U1 in which two green pixels 10G in the RGB Bayer array are replaced with white pixels 20 is manufactured.
- FIG. 13 to 19 show the method for manufacturing the solid-state imaging device 1 in the order of steps.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 are formed on a substrate 40 made of silicon (Si).
- transfer transistors, FDs, multilayer wirings and the like are formed on the surface 40B of the substrate 40, and a supporting substrate (not shown) is bonded.
- the substrate 40 is inverted and the back surface 40A side is polished or etched to form the light receiving surfaces of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21.
- a silicon oxide film SiO 2
- an inorganic dielectric made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film 50 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 50 by, for example, plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- the transparent layer material film 22A is formed using a film, for example, a silicon nitride film (SiN).
- a photoresist film (not shown) is formed on the transparent layer material film 22A. As shown in FIG. 14, this photoresist film is patterned so as to have a desired pattern size and pattern arrangement to form a photoresist pattern PR1.
- the transparent layer material film 22A made of SiN is processed by anisotropic plasma dry etching DE1 to form the transparent layer 22.
- the transparent layer 22 is made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film 50, when the etching reaches the interlayer insulating film 50 made of the SiO 2 film, the processing is automatically ended by the endpoint detector. .
- the transparent layer 22 is arranged in a checkered pattern, and a recess 22 ⁇ / b> B surrounded by the four transparent layers 22 is formed.
- a pigment-dispersed color resist in which a blue pigment is dispersed is formed by spin coating so that the concave portion 22B has a predetermined thickness.
- the blue filter 12B is formed so as to be embedded in the recess 22B by patterning using a lithography technique.
- the blue filter 12B is sufficiently cured by performing a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, for example.
- the remaining color for example, the red filter 12R is formed.
- the on-chip lens 30 is formed on the colored filter 12 and the transparent layer 22, as shown in FIG. As described above, the solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 when light enters the colored pixel 10 and the white pixel 20 via the on-chip lens 30, the light is transmitted to the colored filter 12 and the first photoelectric conversion element 11 of the colored pixel 10 or the white pixel 20.
- the transparent layer 22 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 pass through, and photoelectric conversion is performed in the passing process.
- a signal corresponding to the blue wavelength region is obtained from the first photoelectric conversion element 11 below the blue filter 12B.
- a signal corresponding to the red wavelength region is obtained from the first photoelectric conversion element 11 below the red filter 12B.
- a signal corresponding to the entire wavelength region including red, green, and blue is obtained from the second photoelectric conversion element 21 below the transparent layer 22.
- the refractive index of the transparent layer 22 is higher than the refractive index of the colored filter 12
- the light L2 obliquely incident on the transparent layer 22 is an interface between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12 as shown in FIG. It is reflected by P and returned to the transparent layer 22 side (reflected light L3). Therefore, the amount of light L1 that passes through the transparent layer 22 and enters the adjacent colored pixel 10 is reduced, and color mixing from the white pixel 20 to the adjacent colored pixel 10 is suppressed.
- the refractive index of the transparent layer 22 is set higher than the refractive index of the colored filter 12, the light L1 that passes through the transparent layer 22 and enters the adjacent colored pixel 10 is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the color mixture from the white pixel 20 to the adjacent colored pixel 10. Further, since the transparent layer 22 is composed of an inorganic dielectric film made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film 50, the etching amount of the transparent layer 22 can be controlled with high accuracy, and the shape accuracy can be increased. Become.
- This manufacturing method relates to the case of manufacturing the solid-state imaging device 1 having the unit array U2 in which the lower right green pixel 10G in the RGB Bayer array is replaced with the white pixel 20, as shown in FIG.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 are formed on a substrate 40 made of silicon (Si).
- transfer transistors, FDs, multilayer wirings and the like are formed on the surface 40B of the substrate 40, and a supporting substrate (not shown) is bonded.
- the substrate 40 is inverted and the back surface 40A side is polished or etched to form the light receiving surfaces of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21.
- the film (SiN) the transparent layer material film 22A is formed.
- a photoresist film (not shown) is formed on the transparent layer material film 22A. As shown in FIG. 22, this photoresist film is patterned so as to have a desired pattern size and pattern arrangement to form a photoresist pattern PR1.
- the transparent layer material film 22A made of SiN is processed by anisotropic plasma dry etching DE1 to form the transparent layer 22.
- the transparent layer 22 is made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film 50, when the etching reaches the interlayer insulating film 50 made of the SiO 2 film, the processing is automatically ended by the endpoint detector. .
- the transparent layer 22 is arranged in a dot shape, and the other part becomes the recess 22B.
- a green filter material film 12GA made of a pigment-dispersed color resist in which a green pigment is dispersed is formed to have a predetermined film thickness by, for example, spin coating. Film.
- the green filter material film 12GA is sufficiently cured by performing a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, for example.
- a photoresist film (not shown) is formed on the green filter material film 12GA. As shown in FIG. 26, this photoresist film is patterned so as to have a desired pattern size and pattern arrangement to form a photoresist pattern PR2.
- the green filter material film 12GA is processed by, for example, anisotropic plasma dry etching DE2 to form the green filter 12G.
- the etching conditions such that the inorganic material of the interlayer insulating film 50 has a sufficient selection ratio with respect to the organic material of the green filter material film 12GA, only unnecessary portions of the green filter material film 12GA are removed. Is possible.
- the transparent layer 22 and the green filter 12G are arranged in a checkered pattern as shown in FIG. 28, and a recess 22B surrounded by the transparent layer 22 and the green filter 12G is formed.
- a pigment dispersion type color resist in which a blue pigment is dispersed is formed by spin coating so that the concave portion 22B has a predetermined thickness.
- the blue filter 12B is formed so as to be embedded in the recess 22B by patterning using a lithography technique. For example, the blue filter 12B is heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to be sufficiently cured. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 29, the remaining color, for example, the red filter 12R is formed.
- the on-chip lens 30 is formed on the colored filter 12 and the transparent layer 22, as shown in FIG. As described above, the solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21 are formed on a substrate 40 made of silicon (Si).
- transfer transistors, FDs, multilayer wirings and the like are formed on the surface 40B of the substrate 40, and a supporting substrate (not shown) is bonded.
- the substrate 40 is inverted and the back surface 40A side is polished or etched to form the light receiving surfaces of the first photoelectric conversion element 11 and the second photoelectric conversion element 21.
- a silicon oxide film SiO 2
- an inorganic dielectric made of a material different from the interlayer insulating film 50 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 50 by, eg, plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- the transparent layer material film 22A is formed using a film, for example, a silicon nitride film (SiN).
- a photoresist film (not shown) is formed on the transparent layer material film 22A. As shown in FIG. 33, this photoresist film is patterned so as to have a desired pattern size and pattern arrangement to form a photoresist pattern PR1.
- the transparent layer material film 22A made of SiN is processed by anisotropic plasma dry etching DE1 to form the transparent layer 22.
- the transparent layer 22 is made of a material different from that of the interlayer insulating film 50, when the etching reaches the interlayer insulating film 50 made of the SiO 2 film, the processing is automatically ended by the endpoint detector. .
- the transparent layer 22 is arranged in a checkered pattern, and the recess 22 ⁇ / b> B surrounded by the four transparent layers 22 is formed.
- a pigment-dispersed color resist in which a red pigment is dispersed is formed by spin coating so that the concave portion 22B has a predetermined thickness.
- the red filter 12R is formed so as to be embedded in the recess 22B by patterning using a lithography technique.
- the red filter 12R is sufficiently cured by performing a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, for example.
- the red filter 12 ⁇ / b> R at this time may be rough patterning that remains on the transparent layer 22.
- the remaining color for example, the blue filter 12B is patterned.
- the entire surface of the imaging pixel region (pixel unit 110 described later) is subjected to CMP (Chemical Mechanical Mechanical Polishing). Polish by.
- the transparent layer 22 can be used as a CMP polishing stopper, as shown in FIG.
- the red filter 12R and the blue filter 12 are embedded in the recess 22B.
- the on-chip lens 30 is formed on the colored filter 12 and the transparent layer 22, as shown in FIG. As described above, the solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.
- FIG. 41 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device 1A according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the solid-state imaging device 1A has the same configuration, operation, and effect as the solid-state imaging device 1 of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the corresponding components will be described with the same reference numerals.
- the colored pixel 10, the white pixel 20, the on-chip lens 30, the substrate 40, and the interlayer insulating film 50 are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the light shielding wall 60 reflects the light L4 incident near the boundary between the transparent layer 22 and the colored filter 12 (reflected light L5), and reduces the light L1 incident on the colored filter 12. By doing so, it is possible to more reliably suppress color mixing.
- the light shielding wall 60 has a lattice-like planar shape along the boundary line M between the colored pixel 10 and the white pixel 20.
- the light shielding wall 60 is preferably made of a metal such as tungsten, titanium, aluminum, or copper. Among these, tungsten or titanium is preferable. This is because by forming the light shielding wall 60 from tungsten or titanium, it is possible to increase the light shielding property with a thin film thickness.
- the height H60 of the light shielding wall 60 is preferably lower than the thickness D22 of the transparent layer 22 and the thickness D12 of the colored filter 12.
- the aperture ratio decreases.
- the height H60 of the light shielding wall 60 is preferably adjusted to an appropriate value in consideration of the balance between the aperture ratio and the color mixing suppression.
- the solid-state imaging device 1A is manufactured in the same manner as in the first to third embodiments except that a light shielding wall 60 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 50. Can do.
- FIG. 44 is a functional block diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 described in the above embodiment.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a pixel unit 110 serving as an imaging pixel region, and a circuit unit 130 including, for example, a row scanning unit 131, a horizontal selection unit 133, a column scanning unit 134, and a system control unit 132.
- the circuit unit 130 may be provided in a peripheral region of the pixel unit 110 or may be provided so as to be stacked with the pixel unit 110 (in a region facing the pixel unit 110).
- the pixel unit 110 includes, for example, a plurality of colored pixels 10 and white pixels 20 (pixels PXL) arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix.
- pixel PXL for example, a pixel drive line Lread (specifically, a row selection line and a reset control line) is wired for each pixel row, and a vertical signal line Lsig is wired for each pixel column.
- the pixel drive line Lread transmits a drive signal for reading a signal from the pixel.
- One end of the pixel drive line Lread is connected to an output end corresponding to each row of the row scanning unit 131.
- the row scanning unit 131 includes a shift register, an address decoder, and the like, and is a pixel driving unit that drives each pixel PXL of the pixel unit 1a, for example, in units of rows.
- a signal output from each pixel PXL in the pixel row selected and scanned by the row scanning unit 131 is supplied to the horizontal selection unit 133 through each of the vertical signal lines Lsig.
- the horizontal selection unit 133 is configured by an amplifier, a horizontal selection switch, and the like provided for each vertical signal line Lsig.
- the column scanning unit 134 includes a shift register, an address decoder, and the like, and drives the horizontal selection switches in the horizontal selection unit 133 in order while scanning. By the selective scanning by the column scanning unit 134, the signal of each pixel transmitted through each of the vertical signal lines Lsig is sequentially transmitted to the horizontal signal line 135 and output through the horizontal signal line 135.
- the system control unit 132 receives a clock given from the outside, data for instructing an operation mode, and the like, and outputs data such as internal information of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the system control unit 132 further includes a timing generator that generates various timing signals.
- the row scanning unit 131, the horizontal selection unit 133, the column scanning unit 134, and the like are based on the various timing signals generated by the timing generator. Drive control is performed.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 can be applied to all types of electronic devices having an imaging function, such as a camera system such as a digital still camera and a video camera, and a mobile phone having an imaging function.
- FIG. 45 shows a schematic configuration of the electronic apparatus 2 (camera) as an example.
- the electronic device 2 is, for example, a video camera capable of shooting a still image or a moving image.
- the electronic device 2 is a solid-state imaging device 1, an optical system (imaging lens) 310, a shutter device 311, the solid-state imaging device 1 and the shutter device 311.
- a drive unit 313 including the circuit unit 130), a signal processing unit 312, a user interface 314, and a monitor 315.
- the optical system 310 guides image light (incident light) from a subject to the pixel unit 110 of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the optical system 310 may be composed of a plurality of optical lenses.
- the shutter device 311 controls the light irradiation period and the light shielding period for the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the drive unit 313 controls the transfer operation of the solid-state imaging device 1 and the shutter operation of the shutter device 311.
- the signal processing unit 312 performs various types of signal processing on the signal output from the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the video signal Dout after the signal processing is output to the monitor 315.
- the video signal Dout may be stored in a storage medium such as a memory.
- the user interface 314 can specify a shooting scene (dynamic range specification, wavelength (terahertz, visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, etc.) specification, and the like (input signal from the user interface 314). Is sent to the drive unit 313, and based on this, the solid-state imaging device 1 performs desired imaging.
- a shooting scene dynamic range specification, wavelength (terahertz, visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, etc.) specification, and the like
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- a colored pixel having a first photoelectric conversion element and a colored filter;
- a white pixel having a second photoelectric conversion element and a transparent layer;
- An interlayer insulating film provided between the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element, and the colored filter and the transparent layer;
- the colored filter is provided on a light incident side of the first photoelectric conversion element,
- the transparent layer is provided on the light incident side of the second photoelectric conversion element, and is configured by an inorganic dielectric film made of a material having a refractive index higher than that of the colored filter and different from the interlayer insulating film.
- a solid-state imaging device is configured to take the following structures.
- the thickness of the said transparent layer is the same as the thickness of the said colored filter, or thicker than the thickness of the said colored filter.
- the solid-state imaging device of the said (1) description (3) The solid-state imaging device according to (1) or (2), wherein the interlayer insulating film is formed of a silicon oxide film, and the transparent layer is formed of a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxynitride film.
- the solid-state imaging device according to (4).
- (6) The solid-state imaging device according to (4) or (5), wherein the light shielding wall is made of tungsten, titanium, aluminum, or copper.
- the colored pixel includes a red pixel and a blue pixel, The white pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern, Two said white pixels, one said red pixel, and one said blue pixel comprise the unit arrangement
- the colored pixel includes a red pixel, a blue pixel, and a green pixel,
- One white pixel, one red pixel, one blue pixel, and one green pixel form a unit array of 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns (1) to (6)
- the solid-state imaging device according to any one of the above.
- a solid-state imaging device A colored pixel having a first photoelectric conversion element and a colored filter; A white pixel having a second photoelectric conversion element and a transparent layer; An interlayer insulating film provided between the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element, and the colored filter and the transparent layer;
- the colored filter is provided on a light incident side of the first photoelectric conversion element,
- the transparent layer is provided on the light incident side of the second photoelectric conversion element, and is configured by an inorganic dielectric film made of a material having a refractive index higher than that of the colored filter and different from the interlayer insulating film.
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(市松配置したW画素と、RBの有色画素とを有する例)
2.第2の実施の形態(製造方法:W画素と、RGBの有色画素とを有する例)
3.第3の実施の形態(製造方法:CMPを用いる製造方法の例)
4.第4の実施の形態(遮光壁を有する例)
5.固体撮像装置の全体構成例
6.適用例(電子機器の例)
図1は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る固体撮像装置の断面構成を表したものである。この固体撮像装置1は、デジタルスチルカメラ,ビデオカメラ等の電子機器に用いられるCMOSイメージセンサであり、撮像画素領域(後述の画素部110)に、複数の有色画素10および複数の白色画素20が2次元配置されたものである。固体撮像装置1は、裏面照射型または表面照射型のいずれであってもよいが、ここでは裏面照射型の構造を例として説明する。
透明層22を透明樹脂により構成する場合には、1μm以下のような微細な加工が困難となるおそれがある。感光性材料は、良く知られているように、マスクパターンが矩形であっても、光の回折により感光性材料中の露光光の光強度分布が生じ、矩形パターンの角部は丸くなってしまう。また、透明層22の形成に用いられる感光性樹脂は、一般的にカラーフィルタ材料と同様なネガ型の感光性材料が用いられるとともに、屈折率を高くするために、無機顔料が分散されているものもある。透明層22のパターンの微細化性能は、使用する樹脂のリソグラフィ性能と分散されている顔料濃度などにより決まる。顔料分散型感光性樹脂は、図2に示したように、現像時に矩形パターンの角部22Cが削られる傾向があり、通常のリソグラフィ用フォトレジストに対して微細加工性能が劣る傾向にある。更に、図3に示したように画素を微細化すると、角部22Cの削られる部分が画素面積に占める比率が大きくなり、パターンの矩形性が大きく低下し、矩形の透明層22を精度よく形成することが難しくなる。
白色画素20は有色フィルタ12をもたないので、一般に、白色画素20を通る光の量はRGBの有色画素10よりも多くなる。これにより、図4に示したように、白色画素20から隣接する有色画素10への混色L1が起こりやすくなる。本実施の形態では、透明層22と有色フィルタ12との間に屈折率差をつけることにより、図4に示したように、透明層22と有色フィルタ12との境界付近に入射した光L2を、透明層22と有色フィルタ12との界面Pで反射させ(反射光L3)、有色フィルタ12に入射してしまう光L1を減少させることが可能となる。
透明層22が層間絶縁膜50と同じ材料により構成されている場合には、有機材料よりなる有色フィルタ12の形成後に無機材料である透明層22を成膜・加工することは難しい。そのため、有色フィルタ12よりも先に透明層22を形成する。その場合、透明層22を層間絶縁膜50と同じ材料を用いて形成すると、異方性プラズマドライエッチングの加工装置に一般的なエンドポイントディテクタを用いることは難しく、ドライエッチング加工量は時間で調整することになる。エッチングチャンバの状態など設備状態がエッチング速度を変動させ、エッチング量に影響を及ぼし、その影響により加工ばらつきを生じる可能性がある。また、ウェットエッチングを用いる場合は、等方的に膜をエッチングしていくので、パターンサイズの制御のため、より精度の高いエッチング量制御を行うことが望ましい。ウェットエッチングは、薬液濃度、液温などによりエッチング速度の変動があり、一般的に異方性プラズマドライエッチングよりもエッチング量制御が困難であり、微細加工性に劣るため、微細な画素への適用は難しい。
次に、本開示の第2の実施の形態に係る固体撮像装置1の製造方法について説明する。この製造方法は、図20に示したように、RGBベイヤー配列における右下の緑色画素10Gを白色画素20に置き換えた単位配列U2を有する固体撮像装置1を製造する場合に関するものである。
以下、本開示の第3の実施の形態に係る固体撮像装置1の製造方法について説明する。この製造方法は、図31に示したように、RGBベイヤー配列における二つの緑色画素10Gを白色画素20に置き換えた単位配列U1を有する固体撮像装置1を製造する場合に関するものである。
図41は、本開示の第4の実施の形態に係る固体撮像装置1Aの断面構成を表したものである。本実施の形態では、有色画素10および白色画素20の境界線Mに沿って、層間絶縁膜50の光入射側に、遮光壁60を設けることにより、混色を更に確実に抑制するようにしている。このことを除いては、この固体撮像装置1Aは、上記第1の実施の形態の固体撮像装置1と同様の構成、作用および効果を有している。よって、対応する構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明する。
図44は、上記実施の形態において説明した固体撮像装置1の全体構成を表す機能ブロック図である。この固体撮像装置1は、撮像画素領域としての画素部110を有すると共に、例えば行走査部131、水平選択部133、列走査部134およびシステム制御部132からなる回路部130を有している。回路部130は、画素部110の周辺領域に設けられていてもよいし、画素部110と積層されて(画素部110に対向する領域に)設けられていてもよい。
上記実施の形態等の固体撮像装置1は、例えばデジタルスチルカメラやビデオカメラ等のカメラシステムや、撮像機能を有する携帯電話など、撮像機能を備えたあらゆるタイプの電子機器に適用することができる。図45に、その一例として、電子機器2(カメラ)の概略構成を示す。この電子機器2は、例えば静止画または動画を撮影可能なビデオカメラであり、例えば、固体撮像装置1と、光学系(撮像レンズ)310と、シャッタ装置311と、固体撮像装置1およびシャッタ装置311を駆動する駆動部313(上記回路部130を含む)と、信号処理部312と、ユーザインターフェイス314と、モニタ315とを有する。
(1)
第1光電変換素子および有色フィルタを有する有色画素と、
第2光電変換素子および透明層を有する白色画素と、
前記第1光電変換素子および前記第2光電変換素子と、前記有色フィルタおよび前記透明層との間に設けられた層間絶縁膜と
を備え、
前記有色フィルタは、前記第1光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、
前記透明層は、前記第2光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、前記有色フィルタの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有すると共に前記層間絶縁膜とは異なる材料よりなる無機誘電体膜により構成されている
固体撮像装置。
(2)
前記透明層の厚みは、前記有色フィルタの厚みと同じ、または前記有色フィルタの厚みよりも厚い
前記(1)記載の固体撮像装置。
(3)
前記層間絶縁膜は酸化シリコン膜、前記透明層は窒化シリコン膜または酸化窒化シリコン膜により構成されている
前記(1)または(2)記載の固体撮像装置。
(4)
前記有色画素および前記白色画素の境界線に沿って、前記層間絶縁膜の光入射側に、遮光壁が設けられている
前記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像装置。
(5)
前記遮光壁の高さは、前記有色フィルタの厚みおよび前記透明層の厚みよりも低い
前記(4)記載の固体撮像装置。
(6)
前記遮光壁は、タングステン、チタン、アルミニウムまたは銅により構成されている
前記(4)または(5)記載の固体撮像装置。
(7)
前記有色画素は、赤色画素と、青色画素とを含み、
前記白色画素は、市松配置され、
二つの前記白色画素と、一つの前記赤色画素と、一つの前記青色画素とが、2行×2列の単位配列を構成している
前記(1)ないし(6)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像装置。
(8)
前記有色画素は、赤色画素と、青色画素と、緑色画素とを含み、
一つの前記白色画素と、一つの前記赤色画素と、一つの前記青色画素と、一つの前記緑色画素とが、2行×2列の単位配列を構成している
前記(1)ないし(6)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像装置。
(9)
固体撮像装置を備え、
前記固体撮像装置は、
第1光電変換素子および有色フィルタを有する有色画素と、
第2光電変換素子および透明層を有する白色画素と、
前記第1光電変換素子および前記第2光電変換素子と、前記有色フィルタおよび前記透明層との間に設けられた層間絶縁膜と
を備え、
前記有色フィルタは、前記第1光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、
前記透明層は、前記第2光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、前記有色フィルタの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有すると共に前記層間絶縁膜とは異なる材料よりなる無機誘電体膜により構成されている
電子機器。
Claims (9)
- 第1光電変換素子および有色フィルタを有する有色画素と、
第2光電変換素子および透明層を有する白色画素と、
前記第1光電変換素子および前記第2光電変換素子と、前記有色フィルタおよび前記透明層との間に設けられた層間絶縁膜と
を備え、
前記有色フィルタは、前記第1光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、
前記透明層は、前記第2光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、前記有色フィルタの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有すると共に前記層間絶縁膜とは異なる材料よりなる無機誘電体膜により構成されている
固体撮像装置。 - 前記透明層の厚みは、前記有色フィルタの厚みと同じ、または前記有色フィルタの厚みよりも厚い
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記層間絶縁膜は酸化シリコン膜、前記透明層は窒化シリコン膜または酸化窒化シリコン膜により構成されている
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記有色画素および前記白色画素の境界線に沿って、前記層間絶縁膜の光入射側に、遮光壁が設けられている
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記遮光壁の高さは、前記有色フィルタの厚みおよび前記透明層の厚みよりも低い
請求項4記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記遮光壁は、タングステン、チタン、アルミニウムまたは銅により構成されている
請求項4記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記有色画素は、赤色画素と、青色画素とを含み、
前記白色画素は、市松配置され、
二つの前記白色画素と、一つの前記赤色画素と、一つの前記青色画素とが、2行×2列の単位配列を構成している
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記有色画素は、赤色画素と、青色画素と、緑色画素とを含み、
一つの前記白色画素と、一つの前記赤色画素と、一つの前記青色画素と、一つの前記緑色画素とが、2行×2列の単位配列を構成している
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 固体撮像装置を備え、
前記固体撮像装置は、
第1光電変換素子および有色フィルタを有する有色画素と、
第2光電変換素子および透明層を有する白色画素と、
前記第1光電変換素子および前記第2光電変換素子と、前記有色フィルタおよび前記透明層との間に設けられた層間絶縁膜と
を備え、
前記有色フィルタは、前記第1光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、
前記透明層は、前記第2光電変換素子の光入射側に設けられ、前記有色フィルタの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有すると共に前記層間絶縁膜とは異なる材料よりなる無機誘電体膜により構成されている
電子機器。
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CN109166871B (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-07-06 | 德淮半导体有限公司 | 图像传感器及其制作方法 |
CN110225319B (zh) * | 2019-06-11 | 2022-01-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 一种图像传感器、图像处理方法及存储介质 |
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