WO2015016154A1 - 開閉具 - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- WO2015016154A1 WO2015016154A1 PCT/JP2014/069749 JP2014069749W WO2015016154A1 WO 2015016154 A1 WO2015016154 A1 WO 2015016154A1 JP 2014069749 W JP2014069749 W JP 2014069749W WO 2015016154 A1 WO2015016154 A1 WO 2015016154A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal element
- opening
- closing tool
- door
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/70—Door leaves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
- E06B7/30—Peep-holes; Devices for speaking through; Doors having windows
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an opening / closing tool. More specifically, the present invention relates to an opening / closing tool such as a door or a window installed in an opening area for entering and exiting a person or an object, which is formed on a wall separating two spaces.
- a door is a kind of opening / closing tool installed at the entrance of a building, the entrance of a room inside the building, or the entrance of a vehicle.
- This door is divided into various types based on the difference in structure and operation. For example, there are swing doors that swing (swing) around a place stopped by a hinge, sliding doors that slide along grooves or rails, and revolving doors.
- the automatic door described in Patent Document 1 has the following structure.
- the automatic door described in Patent Document 1 includes a pair of door main bodies made of tempered glass or the like, and the upper end edge of the door main body is reinforced by a metal upper reinforcing frame. Moreover, the upper end edge of the door main body is suspended so as to be slidable within the joint. Each lower end edge of the door body is reinforced with a lower reinforcing frame made of reinforced synthetic resin that is reinforced with a synthetic resin having a low dielectric constant and has a strength equivalent to that of a metal material. Further, an electrostatic capacity sensor is laid under the floor of the door passage formed by opening the two door main bodies 121 so as to extend from the entrance side to the exit side of the door passage.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an automatic door in which a light control glass is fitted into the door.
- This automatic door includes a sensor for detecting a passerby, and makes the light control glass visible or invisible according to a signal sent from the sensor.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an elevator apparatus using a light control glass as a vision glass for a car door. This elevator device detects that the car is stopped in the door zone with a sensor and visualizes the light control glass.
- an automatic door is generally made of transparent glass on the entire door body so that the inside of a building or room can be seen from the outside.
- the state of the other side of the automatic door is known, it is possible to avoid a collision with a person on the other side of the automatic door, but it is not possible to protect confidential matters and privacy inside the building or room.
- doors that use dimming glass change the transparency of the dimming glass based on sensor signals, achieving two effects: protection of confidential matters and privacy, and collision prevention. can do.
- the drive voltage for making the light control glass invisible or visible requires 50 V or more, and dedicated equipment for power supply is essential. For this reason, in addition to the power consumed by an automatic door or the like, power consumption for the light control glass is required, and as a result, there is a problem that a large amount of power is consumed. Further, since the electrical equipment is large, it cannot be incorporated into the automatic door body, and it is necessary to provide the electrical equipment separately from the automatic door body.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an opening / closing tool that can easily improve or decrease the visibility between the internal space and the external space.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, it has been found that the above problems can be solved by providing the opening / closing tool with a detection unit capable of detecting an object and a liquid crystal element that can be driven at a low voltage, and the present invention has been completed. .
- liquid crystal element is a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between two substrates each having an electrode attached thereto, and is also called a liquid crystal element.
- substrate is generally meant as various things which function as a board
- visualization means changing the liquid crystal element to a transparent state
- the opening / closing tool according to the first aspect of the present invention is capable of changing between a detection unit that detects an object and a reversibly invisible state and a visible state, and the detection unit detects an object. And a liquid crystal element which is driven at a low voltage and becomes visible or invisible.
- the detection unit detects the object in contact or non-contact with the object, and transmits a signal for making the liquid crystal element visible or invisible.
- the switch according to the second aspect of the present invention is the switch according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal element can be driven at less than 30V.
- the lower limit voltage value may be an amount necessary for driving the liquid crystal element, and is preferably 5 V or more, more preferably 15 V or more from the viewpoint of driving stability.
- the liquid crystal element can be driven by a battery in the opening / closing tool according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- a power supply device incorporating a battery can be incorporated into the opening / closing tool of the present invention. Since the liquid crystal element is also driven by a battery, it can be used even when unstable power is supplied.
- An opening / closing tool is the opening / closing tool according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein an opening is formed, and the liquid crystal element is disposed in the opening. And a handle attached to the main body, and the detection unit detects an object that has come into contact with the handle.
- the detection unit is incorporated as a part or the whole of the handle part, and detects an object that has touched the handle part.
- the liquid crystal element is not made visible or invisible simply by passing near the opening / closing tool without touching the hand-held portion.
- a liquid crystal element can also play the role as a transparent member normally installed in the opening part of an opening / closing tool.
- an opening / closing tool is the opening / closing tool according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the opening / closing tool is disposed in the main body having the opening and the opening. And a transparent member having a liquid crystal element attached to at least a part thereof, and a handle portion attached to the main body, and the detection unit detects an object that has contacted the handle portion.
- the liquid crystal element is attached to at least a part of the transparent member disposed in the opening, even if a person or an object collides with the transparent member, the transparent member is hardly damaged.
- the opening / closing tool according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the opening / closing tool according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the detection unit is located within a predetermined range from the liquid crystal element. Detect an object.
- the liquid crystal element can be made invisible or visible only by positioning the object within a predetermined range from the detection unit.
- a motion sensor when used as the detection unit, an object that has entered the area set by the sensor is detected. As a result, the invisible state or the visible state of the liquid crystal element changes.
- a non-contact type sensor since a non-contact type sensor is used, it is effective for use in a place where attention should be paid to hygiene such as a hospital or a kitchen.
- the opening / closing tool according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the opening / closing tool according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention when the liquid crystal element is released from detection by the detection unit. It can be invisible or visible.
- the liquid crystal element can be in an invisible state or a visible state not only when the detection unit detects an object but also when the detection is canceled.
- the detection unit detects an object and makes the liquid crystal element invisible, if it is not necessary to maintain the invisible state, it can return to the original visible state when the detection is canceled. Can always maintain the same visibility and door appearance.
- an opening / closing tool is the opening / closing tool according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the detection unit detects an object or the detection unit detects the object.
- a time setting unit is provided for setting the time required for the liquid crystal element to change from the invisible state to the visible state and the time required for the liquid crystal element to change from the visible state to the invisible state when released.
- the time for changing the state of the liquid crystal element can be controlled.
- the opening / closing tool according to the present invention can easily improve or decrease the visibility between the internal space and the external space.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a door to which the present invention is applied.
- a door (an example of an opening / closing tool) 1 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a flat main body 2. Further, the door 1 of the present invention includes a liquid crystal element 4 disposed in an opening formed in the main body 2. Further, since the opening is formed in the substantially central portion of the main body 2 along the vertical direction of the main body 2, the liquid crystal element 4 is also disposed in the approximate central portion of the main body 2 along the vertical direction of the main body 2. .
- the door 1 of the present invention includes a handle portion 3 ⁇ / b> A attached to the main body 2.
- the shape of the handle portion is not limited, and various shapes such as a lever shape, a knob shape, a knob shape, and a grip ball shape can be used.
- the opening / closing tool of this invention is a form of a window, a window frame becomes a handle part.
- Various handles that are frequently used in sliding doors can also be used as the handle.
- the door 1 of the present invention includes a touch sensor (an example of a detection unit) 3 attached to the handle portion 3A.
- the touch sensor 3 is attached to the handle portion 3A, when an object such as a human hand touches the handle portion 3A, the touch sensor 3 detects the human hand.
- Various sensors can be used as the detector.
- the touch sensor is an example of a contact type sensor.
- biometric authentication such as fingerprint authentication, vein authentication, and retina authentication can be handled as a contact sensor because of optical contact with the human body.
- a motion sensor or optical sensor that senses the movement of the object
- a sound wave sensor that senses the sound waves emitted by the object
- a thermal sensor that senses the temperature of the object, particularly the human body, and senses static electricity charged on the human body. Examples include electrostatic sensors.
- an RF tag such as a non-contact IC card may be used in contact with a corresponding antenna device, but in general, these can also be handled as a non-contact type sensor.
- an RF tag and an antenna device corresponding to the RF tag are collectively referred to as RFID, and in this specification, the RFID tag and the antenna device set are also referred to as RFID.
- authentication by bar code can be handled as a non-contact type sensor.
- sensors may be used alone or in combination with a plurality of types of sensors.
- a contact sensor and a non-contact sensor may be used in combination.
- the liquid crystal element 4 can reversibly change between an invisible state and a visible state, and becomes visible when the touch sensor 3 detects a human hand.
- the touch sensor 3 detects the human hand while the human hand is touching the hand grip 3A, but cancels the detection when the human hand leaves the hand hook 3A. Then, the liquid crystal element 4 becomes invisible when the detection of the touch sensor 3 is released.
- a liquid crystal element which is used in the present invention and is invisible in a state before voltage application and visualized when applied will be described.
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- compounds other than the monomer, various additives, and the like may be further added within a range not impeding the effects of the present invention.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal may be prepared according to a known method. For example, a small amount of monomer (polymerizable compound) is added to the liquid crystal composition, introduced into the liquid crystal display cell, and then only the monomer is polymerized under ultraviolet irradiation to form a polymer structure in the device.
- monomer polymerizable compound
- the liquid crystal element 4 has a structure in which the liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between, for example, two transparent film substrates facing each other.
- transparent electrodes made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO) are attached to the two film substrates.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the rigidity (flexibility) of the film substrate is low, the rigidity of the liquid crystal element is also low and the degree of freedom with respect to bending stress is high. Therefore, it is highly convenient when the liquid crystal element is bonded to a transparent member having a curved surface.
- the rigidity of the film substrate is high, the rigidity of the liquid crystal element is also high, and convenience is high when it is desired to use it in a planar shape.
- a substrate having high hardness such as a glass substrate can be used.
- one substrate can be a film substrate and the other can be a glass substrate.
- a film material different from the film substrate may be used in combination with the substrate.
- a film material different from the film substrate may be used in combination with the substrate.
- a combination of materials different from the base material may be used by being bonded to the entire surface of the substrate, or may be used by being partially bonded.
- various protective compositions such as a hard coat agent and a top coat agent can be applied to a substrate or a film material so that the liquid crystal element is hardly broken by an external force.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition are aligned substantially perpendicular to the two film substrates. That is, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal element becomes visible.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition are irregularly aligned. That is, when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal element becomes invisible.
- the door 1 of the present invention includes a control circuit 5 built in the main body 2.
- the control circuit 5 is connected to the touch sensor 3 via the sensor cable 6.
- the control circuit 5 is connected to the liquid crystal element 4 via the liquid crystal element control cable 9.
- the door 1 of the present invention includes a battery 8 that is a power feeding unit built in the main body 2.
- the battery 8 is connected to the control circuit 5 via the power supply cable 7.
- the touch sensor 3 detects the hand, and a detection signal is sent to the control circuit 5 through the sensor cable 6. Further, the control circuit 5 applies a very low voltage of less than 30 V of the battery 8 to the liquid crystal element 4 through the liquid crystal element control cable 9. The liquid crystal element 4 to which an extremely low voltage of less than 30 V is applied becomes visible.
- the liquid crystal element used in the present invention is driven at a voltage of less than 30 V that does not require electrical work.
- the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element used in the present invention is a low voltage of less than 30 V
- the deterioration of the electrode of the liquid crystal element used in the present invention is caused by the deterioration of the electrode of the liquid crystal element used in the conventional light control glass. Less than deterioration.
- the deterioration of the insulator and the deterioration of the semiconductor element proceed faster as the voltage is higher, so that the life of the opening / closing tool of the present invention is also prolonged.
- the door 1 of the present invention includes the time required for the liquid crystal element 4 to change from the invisible state to the visible state when the touch sensor 3 detects an object or the detection of the touch sensor 3 is canceled, and the liquid crystal element 4 includes a time setting unit 10 for setting a time required for 4 to change from a visible state to an invisible state.
- the time setting unit 10 is connected to the liquid crystal element 4 via a time setting cable 11.
- Examples of the time setting unit include a programmable computer device or a computer base.
- an input device for setting the time may be installed in the main body of the switchgear of the present invention, or it is connected electronically from an external computer device independent of the main body and input from this external computer device. May be.
- the time required for the liquid crystal element to change from the invisible state to the visible state and the time required for the liquid crystal element to change from the visible state to the invisible state may be the same or different, and can be arbitrarily set.
- the liquid crystal element does not necessarily become visible.
- the detection unit detects the liquid crystal element may become invisible.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention is in the form of a window, and when a person approaches the liquid crystal element while enjoying the outside scenery through the visible liquid crystal element, the detection unit detects the person and makes the liquid crystal element invisible. It is convenient without worrying about being seen by people from outside.
- the liquid crystal element can be brought into an invisible state or a visible state when the detecting unit detects an object as appropriate.
- the liquid crystal element does not necessarily become visible when a voltage is applied, and does not necessarily become invisible when a voltage is not applied.
- the liquid crystal element may be invisible when a voltage is applied and may be visible when no voltage is applied.
- the door of this invention can use liquid crystal element itself as a main body.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention includes a main body separately from the liquid crystal element because the strength of the opening / closing tool can be increased.
- the liquid crystal element does not necessarily have to be disposed on the entire surface of the opening formed in the main body.
- the liquid crystal element may be attached to at least a part of a transparent member such as a glass member disposed in the opening. .
- a liquid crystal element can also play the role as a transparent member normally installed in the opening part of an opening / closing tool.
- a liquid crystal element is attached to at least a part of a transparent member such as a glass member disposed in the opening, the liquid crystal element functions as a protective film even if a person or an object collides with the transparent member. Thus, the transparent member is hardly damaged.
- examples of the transparent member include a glass plate and a transparent plastic plate.
- the shape of the transparent member is not limited to a planar shape, but may be a concave shape or a convex shape, or a shape obtained by combining these shapes. Since the effect of the lens can be expected with the uneven shape, the viewing angle can be adjusted.
- the detection unit does not necessarily detect an object that has come into contact with the handhold unit.
- the detection unit detects an object located within a predetermined range from the liquid crystal element, such as an optical sensor. May be.
- the “predetermined range” means a range where the liquid crystal element can be reached, for example.
- the detection unit detects an object in contact with the handheld unit, the liquid crystal element is not brought into a visible state or an invisible state simply by passing an object near the opening / closing tool.
- the detection unit detects an object located within a predetermined range from the liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal element is made invisible or visible only by positioning the object within the predetermined range from the liquid crystal element. be able to.
- the door of this invention does not need to be provided with the time setting part for adjusting the light control time of a liquid crystal element.
- the time setting unit for example, the time required for the liquid crystal element to change from the invisible state to the visible state by touching the handle unit is short, and the liquid crystal element is changed from the visible state to the invisible state by releasing the hand from the handle unit The time it takes to become can be lengthened.
- a battery as a power source.
- a commercial power source may be used.
- the liquid crystal element used in the present invention does not require a high voltage as described, but when electric power for moving the door itself is required like an automatic door, the electric power for driving the liquid crystal element is It is also possible to supply power from the power that moves itself.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (a) showing an example of a state before a person touches the handle part of the door to which the present invention is applied, and a state when the person touches the handle part of the door to which the present invention is applied. It is the schematic (b) which shows an example.
- the door 1 of the present invention is installed on a wall 12 that separates a room in a building from a hallway. Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, the person 13 in the room is approaching the door 1 of the present invention in order to leave the room.
- the liquid crystal element 4 is invisible, and the other side of the door 1 of the present invention, that is, the corridor cannot be seen. .
- FIG. 2B shows an example in which a person 14 in the hallway can be seen through the liquid crystal element 4.
- Example 1 A voltage was applied to the liquid crystal element 4 that becomes visible at a low voltage of less than 30 V used for the door 1 of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal element 4 a liquid crystal element having a width of 150 mm ⁇ length of 1750 mm ⁇ thickness of 7 mm was used.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal was obtained by adding an acrylic monomer to a liquid crystal composition mainly composed of a fluorophenylpyrimidine and irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal element 4 has a structure in which a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two glass substrates (each having a thickness of 3 mm).
- the ITO electrode was directly attached to the molecular dispersion type liquid crystal so as to be grounded.
- Example 1 A voltage was applied to a conventional liquid crystal element that became visible when a normal voltage was applied.
- the size of the conventional liquid crystal element is 150 mm wide, 1750 mm long, and 7 mm thick as in the first embodiment.
- the conventional liquid crystal device has the same structure as the liquid crystal device described in Example 1 except that a liquid crystal composition containing a biphenyl compound as a main component is used. As in the example, three AA batteries were used, boosted, and a voltage of 15 V was applied to the conventional liquid crystal element. However, the conventional liquid crystal element has not changed.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention also has an electrocution prevention effect. That is, in general, the human body is involved in life and death when receiving a voltage of 42 V or higher. Therefore, when a conventional liquid crystal element that becomes visible at 60 V is used, there is a risk of electrocution.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention uses a liquid crystal element that becomes visible at 15 V, there is no risk of electrocution. That is, even if a person accidentally collides with the opening / closing tool of the present invention and breaks through the liquid crystal element, there is no risk of electrocution and the risk of ignition due to electric shock is extremely low.
- Example 2 The liquid crystal element 4 described in Example 1 was attached to the main body 2 having a width of 800 mm, a length of 2000 mm, and a thickness of 45 mm.
- the main body 2 has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1, and each part such as a detection unit is attached at the position shown in FIG.
- the battery 8 was made of three AA batteries and housed in the main body 2.
- the handle portion 3A has a lever shape, and a touch sensor is attached in the lever.
- 3 A of handle parts were each provided in the front and back side of a main body.
- This body 2 was used by attaching it to the wall. As soon as the person 13 in the room touched the lever, the liquid crystal element changed to transparent, and the state beyond the door became visible. The liquid crystal element returned to the original opaque state after 10 seconds based on the setting of the time setting unit 10. Since the person 14 in the corridor touched the lever before the indoor person 13 touched the lever, the presence of each other could be confirmed before the main body 2 was opened and closed, and an unexpected accident could be prevented.
- Example 2 The liquid crystal element 4 described in Example 2 was the same as that of Example 2 except that the liquid crystal element described in Comparative Example 1 was used.
- the main body was attached to a wall for use. Even if the person 13 in the room touched the lever, the liquid crystal element was not transparent and the state beyond the door could not be seen. In the situation where the person 13 in the room and the person 14 in the hallway faced each other with the main body sandwiched, the person 14 in the hallway entered the room, and an accident occurred in which each other collided when the main body 2 was opened and closed.
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 2, the power source (battery) was set to a general voltage of 100 V, but the battery device could not be built in the main body, and it was necessary to perform electrical work independent of the main body. .
- the construction for this purpose requires an expert who is qualified as an electrician, and also requires power distribution work on the wall 12 or floor, so that extensive construction was necessary.
- Example 3 In the configuration of Example 2, an RFID using a sliding door instead of a door (a hinged door) and a non-contact IC card as an RF tag instead of a touch sensor was used. Specifically, antenna devices corresponding to this non-contact IC card were installed on the front and back surfaces of the sliding door. This RFID generates magnetism when a non-contact IC card is brought close to an antenna device, and a weak current flows.
- This current acts as a switch to supply power from the dry cell to the liquid crystal element.
- the liquid crystal element changed to transparent, and the state beyond the sliding door became visible.
- the liquid crystal element remained transparent as long as a weak current caused by magnetism flows.
- the handle part of the sliding door was a substantially vertically long C-shaped handle (one on each of the front and back sides).
- This sliding door was used by attaching it to the wall.
- the liquid crystal element changed to transparent instantly (about 0.1 seconds), and the situation beyond the door became visible.
- an outdoor person brings a non-contact IC card close to the antenna device of the sliding door, it changes to transparent instantly (about 0.1 second), and the state beyond the door can be seen.
- Example 4 In the configuration of Example 3, the RFID was attached only to the front side of the sliding door.
- the handle part of the sliding door is a substantially vertically long C-shaped handle (one on each of the front and back sides), and a touch sensor is attached to the handle located on the back side of the sliding door.
- the liquid crystal element could be made transparent in an instant (about 0.1 second) by one using RFID and the other using a touch sensor.
- the sliding door For example, in a hospital room, install the sliding door so that the front side of the sliding door is on the aisle side and the back side of the sliding door is on the indoor side.
- the nurse brings the non-contact IC card close to the antenna device of the sliding door, it is possible to observe the state of the patient on the liquid crystal element sliding door.
- the patient may be stressed by the sound of opening the sliding door.
- the sliding door obtained in Example 3 the nurse does not touch the opening door directly, so it is quiet without opening the sliding door. You can ask about the patient.
- the liquid crystal element can maintain a transparent state, so that the patient can be sufficiently confirmed.
- the touch sensor senses and the liquid crystal element changes to transparent.
- the patient enters the aisle he / she can confirm safety on the aisle while staying in the hospital room.
- Example 5 In the configuration of Example 2, a rechargeable battery (nickel metal hydride battery) was used instead of the dry battery. In addition, this rechargeable battery was designed so that it could be charged with a commercially available amorphous silicon solar battery (about 200 mm ⁇ 450 mm, rated 4 W). Two amorphous silicon solar cells were prepared, and doors attached to the front and back surfaces of the doors so as to be aligned with the liquid crystal elements were obtained.
- a rechargeable battery nickel metal hydride battery
- Example 5 When the door obtained in Example 5 was attached to a wall and used, it could be used in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the amorphous silicon solar cell can generate power even with light from a fluorescent lamp, and has high power generation efficiency even at low illuminance. For this reason, in an environment where the lighting is constantly turned on as in an office, the rechargeable battery can be charged by long-time light reception.
- Table 1 shows the configurations of Examples 3 to 5 described above.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention can be reversibly changed between the invisible state and the visible state, and becomes visible or invisible at a low voltage when the detection unit detects an object. Since the liquid crystal element is provided, the other side of the opening / closing tool can be seen, and conversely, it can be prevented from being seen from the other side of the opening / closing tool.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention can improve or decrease the line of sight between the internal space and the external space.
- the liquid crystal element can be driven with a voltage of less than 30 V, it can be driven for a long time using a battery.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention can drive the liquid crystal element at a very low voltage, the liquid crystal element can be visualized or invisible with much less power than conventional. For this reason, it can be used suitably in a house, an office, a factory, etc.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、蝶番で止められた箇所を軸にして揺動(スイング)する開き戸や、溝もしくはレールに沿ってスライドする引き戸、さらには回転ドアがある。
また、ドア本体の各下端縁は、誘電率の低い合成樹脂を強化して金属材と同等の強度を持たせた強化合成樹脂製の下部補強フレームで補強されている。
また、2つのドア本体121が開くことにより形成されるドア通路の床下には、静電容量式センサーがドア通路の入口側から出口側にわたって延出するように敷設されている。
このため、自動ドアなどで消費する電力の他に、調光ガラスのための電力消費が必要となるため、結果的に多くの電力を消費してしまうという問題があった。
また、電気設備は大掛かりなものになるため、自動ドア本体に組み込むことができず、自動ドア本体とは別に電気設備を設ける必要があった。
また、本明細書において、「液晶素子」とは、それぞれに電極が付けられた2枚の基板に液晶組成物が挟まれたものであり、液晶エレメントとも呼ばれるものである。
基板は、フィルム基板やガラス基板など、基板として機能する各種のものとして総括的に意味し、本明細書において単に基板と記載した場合は、上記のように総括的な意味である。
本明細書において、可視化とは液晶素子を透明な状態に変化させることを意味し、不可視化とは液晶素子を不透明な状態に変化させることを意味する。ただし、定量的な透明度によって規定されるものではなく、視覚的かつ常識的に判断される。
また、検知部によって、物体の検知を物体との接触または非接触で行ない、液晶素子を可視状態もしくは不可視状態にするための信号を発信する。
この場合、少ない電力で液晶素子が駆動するので、電力消費を極めて少なくすることができる。なお、下限の電圧値は、液晶素子を駆動させるために必要な量であればよく、駆動安定性の観点から好ましくは5V以上であり、より好ましくは15V以上である。
この場合、電池を組み込んだ給電装置を本発明の開閉具に組み込むことが可能である。
液晶素子が電池でも駆動するため、不安定な電力供給時でも使用することが可能である。
電池の種類に制限はなく、乾電池や蓄電池だけでなく、電卓などで使用される太陽電池(ソーラーパネル)や、フィルム状の透明太陽電池、圧力を電気エネルギーに変換する圧電装置、熱エネルギー、振動エネルギーさらには開閉具の開閉動作によって生じる運動エネルギーなどを電気エネルギーに変換する各種の発電装置も電池として扱うことができる。
また、蓄電池を用いる場合は、前記の太陽電池や発電装置と組み合わせて用いることもできる。
また、開口部に液晶素子が配置されているので、通常、開閉具の開口部に設置される透明部材としての役割も液晶素子が果たすことができる。
また、非接触型のセンサーを使用するため、病院や調理場など衛生面に注意を払う必要がある場所での使用に効果的である。
例えば、物体を検知部が検知し、液晶素子を不可視化させた場合において、不可視状態を維持させる必要がなければ、検知を解除した時点で元の可視状態に戻ることができるため、検知時以外は常に同じ可視状態やドアの外観を保持できる。
図1は、本発明を適用した扉の一例を示す概略図である。
また、本発明の扉1は、本体2に形成された開口部に配置された液晶素子4を備える。
また、開口部は、本体2の略中央部に本体2の上下方向に沿って形成されているので、液晶素子4も本体2の略中央部に本体2の上下方向に沿って配置されている。
また、手掛部の形状に限定はなく、レバー形状、ノブ形状、つまみ形状、握り玉形状など各種形状のものが利用できる。また、本発明の開閉具が窓の形態である場合は、窓枠が手掛部となる。また、スライドドアなどで多用されている各種の取手も手掛部として使用できる。
なお、非接触ICカードなどのRFタグは、対応するアンテナ装置と接触させて用いる場合もあるが、一般的には、これらも非接触型センサーとして扱うことができる。一般にはRFタグと、これに対応するアンテナ装置を纏めてRFIDと呼んでおり、本明細書でもRFIDの記載でRFタグとアンテナ装置一式を意味する。この他、バーコードによる認証も、非接触型センサーとして扱うことができる。
そして液晶素子4は、タッチセンサー3の検知が解除された場合に、不可視状態になる。
この液晶組成物には、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で、モノマー以外の化合物や、各種添加剤などをさらに添加してもよい。
よって、曲面を持つような透明部材に液晶素子を貼り合わせて使用する場合などにおいて利便性が高い。
また、液晶素子を単独で使用する場合や、剛性をより高くしたい場合などは、ガラス基板などのような高い硬度を持つ基板を使用することもできる。
勿論、ハードコート剤やトップコート剤などの各種保護用組成物を基板やフィルム材料などに塗布し、液晶素子が外力により破壊され難くすることも可能である。
すなわち、液晶素子に電圧が印加された場合、液晶素子は可視状態になる。
すなわち、液晶素子に電圧が印加されていない場合、液晶素子は不可視状態になる。
さらに、制御回路5は、バッテリー8の30V未満という極めて低い電圧を、液晶素子制御ケーブル9を通して液晶素子4に印加する。
そして、30V未満という極めて低い電圧が印加された液晶素子4は可視状態になる。
しかし、本発明に使用する液晶素子は、30V未満という電気工事を必要としない程度の電圧で駆動する。
また、絶縁物の劣化や半導体素子などの劣化も、電圧が高い方が早く進むので、本発明の開閉具自体の寿命も長寿命化する。
すると、制御回路5も、バッテリー8の電圧を液晶素子に印加しないので、電圧が印加されない液晶素子4は不可視状態になる。
また、時間設定部10は、時間設定ケーブル11を介して液晶素子4に接続されている。
また、時間を設定するための入力装置を、本発明の開閉具の本体に設置してもよく、または、本体とは独立した外部コンピューター装置から電子的に接続し、この外部コンピューター装置から入力してもよい。
しかし、本発明の開閉具が液晶素子とは別に本体を備えていれば、開閉具の強度を高めることができるので好ましい。
また、一方、開口部に配置されたガラス部材などの透明部材の少なくとも一部に液晶素子が取付けられていれば、人や物が透明部材に衝突しても、液晶素子が保護フィルムの働きをして透明部材が破損し難くなる。
ここで「所定の範囲」とは、例えば液晶素子に手が届く範囲を意味する。
また、一方、検知部が液晶素子から所定の範囲内に位置する物体を検知するのであれば、物体が液晶素子から所定の範囲内に位置するだけで、液晶素子を不可視状態もしくは可視状態にすることができる。
時間設定部を備えることで、例えば、手掛部に触れて液晶素子が不可視状態から可視状態になるまでに要する時間は短く、手掛部から手を離して液晶素子が可視状態から不可視状態になるまでに要する時間は長くすることもできる。
本発明に使用する液晶素子は、記述のとおり高い電圧を必要としないが、自動ドアのようにドア自体を動かすための電力が必要である場合は、液晶素子を駆動させるための電力を、ドア自体を動かす電力から併せて供給することも可能である。
また、図2(a)に示すように、室内の人13が部屋を出ようとして、本発明の扉1に近づいている。
従って、液晶素子4を通して本発明の扉1の向こう側を見ることができる。
また、図2(b)には、液晶素子4を通して廊下の人14が見える例を示している。
本発明の扉1に使用される30V未満という低電圧で可視状態になる液晶素子4に電圧を印加した。
このような液晶素子4として、横150mm×縦1750mm×厚さ7mmの液晶素子を使用した。高分子分散型液晶は、フルオロフェニルピリミジン系を主成分とする液晶組成物にアクリル系モノマーを添加し、紫外線を照射することで得た。なお、液晶素子4の構造は、2枚のガラス基板(各、厚さ3mm)の間に高分子分散型液晶の層が挟持されており、液晶素子4の縦方向の両端部中央において、高分子分散型液晶に直接ITO電極が接地するよう取り付けられたものであった。
すると、液晶素子4は0.1秒で可視状態になった。また、電圧の印加を止めたところ、液晶素子4は0.1秒で不可視状態になった。
通常の電圧を印加されて可視状態になる従来の液晶素子に電圧を印加した。また、従来の液晶素子の大きさは、実施例1と同じく横150mm×縦1750mm×厚さ7mmである。なお、従来の液晶素子には、ビフェニル系化合物を主成分とする液晶組成物を使用した以外は、実施例1に記載の液晶素子と同じ構造とした。
実施例と同様に、3つの単三型乾電池を使い、昇圧して、従来の液晶素子に15Vの電圧を印加した。しかし、従来の液晶素子は変化しなかった。
すなわち、一般に人体は42V以上の電圧を受けると生死に関わるので、60Vで可視状態になる従来の液晶素子を使用した場合は、感電死するおそれがある。
つまり、誤って人が本発明の開閉具に衝突して液晶素子を突き破っても、感電死に至ることがなく、また、感電による発火のおそれも極めて低い。
実施例1に記載の液晶素子4を、横800mm×縦2000mm×厚さ45mmの本体2にとりつけた。なお、本体2は、図1と同様の構造をもち、検知部などの各部品も図1に記載の位置に取り付けたものであった。
バッテリー8は実施例1と同様、3つの単三型乾電池とし、本体2内に収納した。手掛部3Aはレバー形状とし、レバー内にタッチセンサーを取り付けた。なお、手掛部3Aは、本体の表裏側2つに各々設けた。
実施例2に記載の液晶素子4を、比較例1に記載の液晶素子としたほかは、実施例2と同じ構成とした。
この本体を壁に取り付けて使用した。室内の人13がレバーに触れても液晶素子が透明にはならず、ドア向こうの様子は見えなかった。室内の人13と廊下の人14が本体を挟み対峙した状況において、廊下の人14が入室したため、本体2の開閉時に互いが衝突する事故が発生した。
比較例2において、電源(バッテリー)を一般の100V電圧にする工事を行なおうとしたが、本体内にバッテリー装置を内蔵させることができず、本体とは独立した電気工事を行なう必要が生じた。このための工事には、電気工事士の資格を有する専門家が必要であり、かつ壁12または床の配電工事が必要とのことで、大掛かりな工事が必要であった。
実施例2の構成において扉(開き戸)の代わりに引き戸とし、タッチセンサーの代わりに、非接触ICカードをRFタグとしたRFIDを用いた。具体的には、この非接触ICカードに対応するアンテナ装置を引き戸の表裏面に設置した。このRFIDは、非接触ICカードをアンテナ装置に近づけると磁気が発生し、微弱な電流が流れるものである。
実施例3の構成において、RFIDを引き戸の表側のみに取り付けた。引き戸の手掛け部は、略縦長C字状の取手(裏表側に各1つづつ)であり、引き戸の裏側に位置する取手には、タッチセンサーを取り付けた。この引き戸は、一方はRFIDにより、もう一方はタッチセンサーの感知により、一瞬(0.1秒ほど)で液晶素子を透明にできた。
実施例2の構成において、乾電池の代わりに充電池(ニッケル水素乾電池)を使用した。またこの充電池は、市販のアモルファスシリコン太陽電池(約200mm×450mm、定格4W)で充電可能なように回路設計されたものであった。アモルファスシリコン太陽電池は2枚用意し、それぞれ扉の表裏面に、液晶素子と並べるように取り付けた扉を得た。
このため、家屋やオフィス、工場などで好適に使用することができる。
2 本体
3 タッチセンサー
3A 手掛部
4 液晶素子
5 制御回路
6 センサーケーブル
7 電力供給ケーブル
8 バッテリー
9 液晶素子制御ケーブル
10 時間設定部
11 時間設定ケーブル
12 壁
13 室内の人
14 廊下の人
Claims (8)
- 物体を検知する検知部と、
可逆的に不可視状態と可視状態との間で変化可能であり、かつ、前記検知部が物体を検知した場合に低電圧で駆動させて可視状態もしくは不可視状態になる液晶素子とを備える
開閉具。 - 前記液晶素子が、30V未満で駆動可能である
請求項1に記載の開閉具。 - 前記液晶素子が、電池で駆動可能である
請求項2に記載の開閉具。 - 開口部が形成され、同開口部に前記液晶素子が配置された本体と、
該本体に取付けられた手掛部とを備え、
前記検知部が、前記手掛部に接触した物体を検知する
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の開閉具。 - 開口部が形成された本体と、
前記開口部に配置されると共に、少なくとも一部に前記液晶素子が取付けられた透明部材と、
前記本体に取付けられた手掛部とを備え、
前記検知部が、前記手掛部に接触した物体を検知する
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の開閉具。 - 前記検知部が、前記液晶素子から所定の範囲内に位置する物体を検知する
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の開閉具。 - 前記液晶素子が、前記検知部の検知が解除された場合に、不可視状態もしくは可視状態になる
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の開閉具。 - 前記検知部が物体を検知した場合もしくは前記検知部の検知が解除された場合に、前記液晶素子が不可視状態から可視状態になるまでに要する時間、および前記液晶素子が可視状態から不可視状態になるまでに要する時間を設定する時間設定部を備える
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の開閉具。
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US14/908,123 US9909357B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-25 | Opening and closing device |
JP2015529553A JP6471367B2 (ja) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-25 | 開閉具 |
EP14831751.4A EP3029256B8 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-25 | Opening/closing tool |
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Also Published As
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EP3029256A4 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
TW201518586A (zh) | 2015-05-16 |
JP6471367B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 |
EP3029256B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
EP3029256B8 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
US9909357B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
JPWO2015016154A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
EP3029256A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
CN105793512A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
TWI553204B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
US20160208545A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
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