WO2015013927A1 - 一种天线 - Google Patents

一种天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015013927A1
WO2015013927A1 PCT/CN2013/080544 CN2013080544W WO2015013927A1 WO 2015013927 A1 WO2015013927 A1 WO 2015013927A1 CN 2013080544 W CN2013080544 W CN 2013080544W WO 2015013927 A1 WO2015013927 A1 WO 2015013927A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dielectric substrate
antenna
holes
metallized
coupling groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/080544
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程钰间
陈一
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201380001318.5A priority Critical patent/CN103650243B/zh
Priority to EP13890291.1A priority patent/EP3021416B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/080544 priority patent/WO2015013927A1/zh
Publication of WO2015013927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015013927A1/zh
Priority to US15/010,281 priority patent/US9673532B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06Waveguide mouths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02Bends; Corners; Twists
    • H01P1/022Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section
    • H01P1/025Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section in the E-plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02Bends; Corners; Twists
    • H01P1/022Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section
    • H01P1/027Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section in the H-plane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna.
  • the substrate integrated waveguide is a novel planar transmission line which has excellent performance similar to that of a metal waveguide and has similar structural features to a conventional planar transmission line, and is therefore well suited for the design of a millimeter wave antenna.
  • Millimeter wave antennas include end-fire antennas and antennas for normal radiation. Compared with the end-fire antenna, the antenna with normal radiation has obvious advantages in array, package and other issues, and thus has been widely used.
  • An existing normal radiating antenna is obtained by stacking 12 layers of metal sheets together.
  • the bottom layer is a complete metal piece, and the upper layer of the bottom layer is 5 superimposed metal pieces.
  • the five superimposed metal pieces have the same shape and have a U-shaped opening, and the space formed by the superimposed U-shaped opening is Feed waveguide.
  • the upper layer of the five superimposed metal sheets is a metal piece having a through hole in the middle, and the through hole is a coupling slit for changing the direction of the signal transmitted by the feed waveguide.
  • the upper layer of the metal piece having the through hole in the middle is four superimposed metal pieces, and the four superimposed metal pieces have the same shape and have through holes therein, and the through holes are stacked to form a cavity for signal transmission.
  • the uppermost layer is a metal piece with 4 through holes, which are radiating slits for transmitting wireless signals.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna to reduce the volume of a normal radiating antenna and increase the bandwidth of the normal radiating antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: a feeding portion, including a first dielectric substrate, a surface of the first dielectric substrate is covered with a metal layer, and one end of the first dielectric substrate is An input port of the feeding portion, the first dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of parallel metallized through holes, and the metalized through holes are arranged in a direction perpendicular to an end surface of the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of parallel metallized vias are arranged along the other side of the first dielectric substrate except the side of the input port, and a portion of the first dielectric substrate adjacent to an end opposite to the input port is coupled a groove, a bottom of the coupling groove is a surface of the first dielectric substrate, a groove wall is a cross section of the metal layer, the coupling groove is located in a space formed by the arrangement of the metalized through holes; and a radiation portion includes a second dielectric substrate, the surface of the second dielectric substrate is covered with a metal layer, one
  • a long-side center line of the coupling slot and a metalized through-hole arranged on an opposite side of the input port are in the coupling slot
  • the distance in the long-side direction is a quarter of the dielectric waveguide wavelength of the center frequency of the antenna.
  • the short side center line of the coupling groove coincides with the thickness center line of the second dielectric substrate .
  • the short side length of the second dielectric substrate is greater than the working wavelength of the antenna Half.
  • the electric field pattern of the coupling slot and the main portion of the radiating portion The same mode.
  • the antenna provided by the above embodiment is perpendicular to each other and adopts the feeding portion and the radiating portion of the dielectric substrate, thereby not only reducing the volume of the antenna radiated by the normal radiation, but also, the substrate integrated waveguide directly radiates energy outward, thereby improving the antenna. Working bandwidth.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feeding portion of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an end face of a radiating portion covering a coupling slot in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a position of a coupling slot in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are transparently processed in FIG. 1, and since the metal layers on the surface of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are compared Thin, the thickness of the metal layer is not shown in Figure 1.
  • the antenna includes: a feeding portion 10 and a radiating portion 20.
  • the feeding portion 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 11, the surface of the first dielectric substrate 11 is covered with a metal layer 12, and one end of the first dielectric substrate 11 is an input port 13 of the feeding portion 10.
  • Place A plurality of parallel metallized vias 14 are disposed on the first dielectric substrate 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the metallized vias 14 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the end surface of the first dielectric substrate 11.
  • the plurality of parallel metallized via holes are arranged along the other side of the first dielectric substrate 11 except the side of the input port 13 , and the first dielectric substrate 11 is adjacent to the input port 13
  • a coupling groove 15 is disposed at a portion of the first end of the first dielectric substrate 11 , and a groove wall is a cross section of the metal layer 12 , and the coupling groove 15 is first.
  • the surface of the dielectric substrate 11 is formed by removing a portion of the metal layer 12.
  • the coupling grooves 15 are located in a space in which the metalized through holes 14 are arranged.
  • the metal layer 12 may be a copper layer. Both ends of the metallized through hole 14 are respectively connected to the metal layers of the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate 11.
  • Two rows of metallized through holes disposed on two sides of the first dielectric substrate 11 adjacent to the input port 13 are parallel to one another and form a feed substrate integrated waveguide with the metal layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate 11.
  • a row of metalized through holes provided on one side of the first dielectric substrate 11 opposite to the input port 13 (for convenience of description, the row of metalized through holes is referred to as a third row of metalized through holes 143), and the first The metal layers of the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 11 together form a shorted end of the feed substrate integrated waveguide.
  • the third dielectric via 143 is disposed on the first dielectric substrate 11 opposite to the input port 13 so that the opposite end of the first dielectric substrate 11 from the input port 13 is short-circuited, therefore, electromagnetic waves After entering from the input port 13, it is transported to the third row of metallized through holes 143 in the first dielectric substrate 11 to stop, and is not continuously transmitted to the end opposite to the input port 13, but is transmitted through the coupling groove 15.
  • the coupling groove 15 is rectangular. On the metal layer of the first dielectric substrate 11 near the short-circuit end, the short side of the coupling groove 15 is parallel to the third row of metallized through holes 143, and the center line of the short side is offset from the feed.
  • the substrate integrates the short side centerline of the waveguide.
  • the radiating portion 20 is a radiating substrate integrated waveguide, and specifically includes a second dielectric substrate 21, the surface of the second dielectric substrate 21 is covered with a metal layer 22, and one end of the second dielectric substrate 21 is a radiation port 23 , used to radiate electromagnetic waves into space.
  • a pair of parallel metallized through holes 24 are disposed on each side of the second dielectric substrate 21 adjacent to the radiation opening 23 (for convenience of description, one row of metalized through holes is referred to as a fourth row of metallization a via hole, another row of metallized via holes is referred to as a fifth row of metallized via holes), and the metallized via holes 24 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to an end surface of the second dielectric substrate 21, the second medium An end of the substrate 21 opposite to the radiation opening 23 and the first dielectric base Portions of the sheet 11 on which the coupling grooves 15 are provided are joined, and as shown in FIG. 3, the coupling grooves 15 are covered.
  • the metallized through hole of the feeding portion is omitted in Fig. 3, and the second dielectric substrate is transparently treated.
  • the metal layer 22 may be a copper layer. Since the metal dielectric via 21 is not provided with a metallized via hole on the opposite side of the second dielectric substrate 21, the opposite end of the second dielectric substrate 21 from the radiation opening 23 is opened, and electromagnetic waves can be transmitted through the end. Since the end is covered on the coupling groove 15, the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the feeding portion 10 can continue to pass through the coupling groove and the end reaches the radiating portion 20, is transmitted in the radiating portion 20, and emits electromagnetic waves into the air through the radiating port 23. In the radiating portion 20, the feed signal required by the antenna is propagated in the dielectric waveguide formed by the fourth row of metallized via holes and the fifth row of metallized via holes and the metal layers 22 of the two surfaces.
  • the feeding portion and the radiating portion each include a dielectric substrate, a metal copper-clad layer covered on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and a metallized through hole provided on the dielectric substrate, wherein one of the substrate integrated waveguides is horizontally placed.
  • As a feed portion another substrate integrated waveguide is placed vertically as a radiating portion.
  • One end of the feeding part is an input port, and the other end is short-circuited, and there is a coupling groove near the short-circuit end.
  • One end of the radiating part is open and covers the coupling groove, and the other end of the radiating part is also open, radiating energy. .
  • the radiating portion not only completes the transition of the horizontally placed feed substrate integrated waveguide to the vertically placed radiating substrate integrated waveguide, but also radiates energy out.
  • the antennas are perpendicular to each other and employ the feeding portion and the radiating portion of the dielectric substrate, which not only reduces the volume of the antenna radiated by the normal radiation, but also the substrate integrated waveguide directly radiates energy outward, thereby increasing the operating bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the center line of the long side of the coupling groove and the metallized through hole arranged at the opposite side of the input port ie, the third row of metalized through holes 143) are in the longitudinal direction of the coupling groove. The distance may be a quarter of the dielectric waveguide wavelength of the center frequency of the antenna.
  • the length of the coupling slot can be determined by software simulation and testing to minimize the reflection of electromagnetic waves as they pass through the coupling slot.
  • the length of the coupling slot is close to one-half of the wavelength of the antenna working center, and the distance between the center line of the long-side centerline and the third-row metallized via 143 in the long-side direction of the coupling slot
  • the dielectric waveguide wavelength is the quarter of the antenna center frequency.
  • the short side center line of the coupling groove and the second dielectric substrate The centerline of the thickness coincides.
  • the metallized through holes of the feeding portion and the radiating portion are omitted in Fig. 4, and the second dielectric substrate is transparently treated.
  • the length of the short side of the second dielectric substrate is greater than one-half of the operating wavelength of the antenna.
  • the length of the cross section of the radiating portion i.e., the length of the short side of the second dielectric substrate
  • the length of the coupling groove is one-half of the operating wavelength
  • one end of the second dielectric substrate in the radiating portion is slightly larger than one-half of the operating wavelength, and the specific value can be obtained by optimization.
  • the structure of the broadband characteristics according to the above design criteria is: the broadband characteristics provided by the radiating portion and the broadband characteristics provided by the vertical transition.
  • the substrate integrated waveguide directly radiates energy outward, and its working bandwidth is inevitably wide; and the broadband principle of vertical transition is shown in FIG.
  • the electric field mode of the coupling groove is the same as the main mode in the radiating portion.
  • the coupling groove etched on the upper surface of the metal clad layer of the feeding portion has an electric field pattern which completely coincides with the main mode in the radiating portion, so that broadband matching can be performed.
  • the antenna provided by the above embodiment of the present invention is based on the substrate integrated waveguide technology, and proposes a broadband printed antenna suitable for the millimeter wave band.
  • the feeding portion and the radiating portion are perpendicular to each other.
  • the thickness of the feeding and the radiation portions may be different, so that the different requirements of the thickness of the substrate for the feeding portion and the radiating portion can be respectively satisfied, and the system integration can be facilitated while obtaining high-performance normal radiation.
  • the feed and the radiation are separated by a vertical transition, and the feeding part and the radiating part are respectively located on two planes, which is easy to complete the two-dimensional large antenna array layout.
  • the antenna provided by the above embodiment of the present invention has a smaller horn structure than the metal waveguide at the same frequency, and the grating valve suppression condition can be satisfied at this time.
  • the radiating portion radiates energy from the open end while completing the vertical transition, and the structure is simple and compact.
  • the TE10 mode is used in the whole structure, and the design is very simple and the performance is excellent.
  • the antenna provided by the above embodiments of the present invention does not have any resonant structure, and the matching is good, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is very wide, and the -10 dB bandwidth can easily reach more than 30%.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种天线,包括:馈电部分和辐射部分,通过相互垂直且采用介质基片的馈电部分和辐射部分,不仅减小了法向辐射的天线的体积,而且,基片集成波导直接向外辐射能量,提高了天线的工作带宽。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术, 尤其涉及一种天线。
背景技术
随着无线通信技术的发展, 毫米波天线开始采用基片集成波导实现。 基 片集成波导是一种新型平面传输线, 具既有与金属波导类似的优良性能, 也 具有与传统平面传输线类似的结构特点, 故而非常适于毫米波天线的设计。
毫米波天线包括端射天线和法向辐射的天线。 与端射天线相比, 法向辐 射的天线在组阵、 封装等问题上具有明显的优势, 因此得到了更为广泛的应 用。
现有的一种法向辐射的天线由 12层金属片叠放在一起得到。 最底层为 1 个完整的金属片, 最底层的上一层为 5个叠加的金属片, 该 5个叠加的金属 片形状相同, 具有设置有 U形开口, 叠加后 U形开口形成的空间即馈电波导。 5 个叠加的金属片的上一层为中间有通孔的金属片, 该通孔为耦合缝, 用于 改变馈电波导传递的信号方向。 中间有通孔的金属片的上一层为 4个叠加的 金属片, 该 4个叠加的金属片形状相同, 内部均有通孔, 这些通孔叠加在一 起形成腔体, 进行信号的传输。 最上层为 1个具有 4个通孔的金属片, 该 4 个通孔为辐射缝, 用于发射无线信号。
但是, 该法向辐射的天线由 12层金属片叠加而成, 导致体积较大, 且材 料成本和加工工艺成本较高。 现有的另一种法向辐射的天线该天线基于基片集成波导技术, 加工方便 且成本低, 但是由于的辐射单元采用缝隙结构即辐射缝发送信号, 而辐射缝 本质上是一种谐振结构, 其响应与频率强相关, 当信号频率偏离中心频率后, 天线的辐射效率就会大幅下降, 导致天线的带宽较窄。 发明内容 有鉴于此, 本发明实施例提供一种天线, 以减小法向辐射天线的体积, 并提高法向辐射天线的带宽。 第一方面, 本发明实施例提供一种天线, 包括: 馈电部分, 包括第一介质基片, 所述第一介质基片的表面覆盖有金属层, 所述第一介质基片的一端为所述馈电部分的输入口, 所述第一介质基片上设 置有多个平行的金属化通孔, 所述金属化通孔的排列方向与所述第一介质基 片的端面垂直, 所述多个平行的金属化通孔沿着所述第一介质基片上除所述 输入口所在边以外其它边排列, 所述第一介质基板上靠近与所述输入口相对 的一端的部分设置有耦合槽,所述耦合槽的底部为所述第一介质基片的表面, 槽壁为所述金属层的截面, 所述耦合槽位于所述金属化通孔排列形成的空间 内; 辐射部分, 包括第二介质基片, 所述第二介质基片的表面覆盖有金属层, 所述第二介质基片的一端为辐射口, 所述第二介质基片上与所述辐射口相邻 的两边各设置有一排平行的金属化通孔, 所述金属化通孔的排列方向与所述 第二介质基片的端面垂直, 所述第二介质基片上与所述辐射口相对的一端与 所述第一介质基片上设置耦合槽的部分相接, 且覆盖所述耦合槽。 结合第一方面, 在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述耦合槽的 长边中心线与在所述输入口所在边的对边排列的金属化通孔在所述耦合槽的 长边方向上的距离为所述天线的中心频率的四分之一介质波导波长。 结合第一方面或其第一种可能的实现方式, 在第一方面的第二种可能的 实现方式中, 所述耦合槽的短边中心线与所述第二介质基片的厚度中心线重 合。 结合第一方面或其第一或第二种可能的实现方式, 在第一方面的第三种 可能的实现方式中, 所述第二介质基片的短边长度大于所述天线的工作波长 的二分之一。 结合第一方面或其第一至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种, 在第一方 面的第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述耦合槽的电场模式与所述辐射部分内主 模相同。 上述实施例提供的天线通过相互垂直且采用介质基片的馈电部分和辐射 部分, 不仅减小了法向辐射的天线的体积, 而且, 基片集成波导直接向外辐 射能量, 提高了天线的工作带宽。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中 所需要使用的附图作简要介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发 明的一些实施例, 对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动性 的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例提供的天线中馈电部分的示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例提供的天线中辐射部分覆盖耦合槽的端面示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例提供的天线中耦合槽的位置示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本 发明作进一步地详细描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部份实施 例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在 没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例, 都属于本发明保护的 范围。 图 1为本发明一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图。 为了更清晰地给出 天线的内部结构, 图 1 中将第一介质基片和第二介质基片做了透明处理, 并 且, 由于第一介质基片和第二介质基片表面的金属层较薄, 图 1 中没有给出 金属层的厚度。
本实施例中, 天线包括: 馈电部分 10和辐射部分 20。 馈电部分 10包括第一介质基片 11, 所述第一介质基片 11的表面覆盖有 金属层 12, 所述第一介质基片 11的一端为所述馈电部分 10的输入口 13, 所 述第一介质基片 11上设置有多个平行的金属化通孔 14, 如图 2所示, 所述 金属化通孔 14的排列方向与所述第一介质基片 11的端面垂直, 所述多个平 行的金属化通孔沿着所述第一介质基片 11上除所述输入口 13所在边以外其 它边排列, 所述第一介质基板 11上靠近与所述输入口 13相对的一端的部分 设置有耦合槽 15, 所述耦合槽 15的底部为所述第一介质基片 11的表面, 槽 壁为所述金属层 12的截面, 也可以说, 耦合槽 15是在第一介质基片 11的表 面抠去了一部分金属层 12后形成的。耦合槽 15位于所述金属化通孔 14排列 形成的空间内。
其中, 金属层 12可为铜层。 金属化通孔 14的两端分别与第一介质基片 11上下两个表面的金属层连接。 第一介质基片 11上与输入口 13相邻的两边 设置的两排金属化通孔 (为便于描述, 将其中一排金属化通孔称为第一排金 属化通孔 141, 另一排金属化通孔称为第二排金属化通孔 142 )互相平行, 与 第一介质基片 11上下两个表面的金属层一起形成馈电基片集成波导。第一介 质基片 11上与输入口 13相对的一边设置的一排金属化通孔 (为便于描述, 将这一排金属化通孔称为第三排金属化通孔 143 ), 与第一介质基片 11上下 两个表面的金属层一起形成馈电基片集成波导的短路端。 也就是说, 由于第 一介质基片 11上与输入口 13相对的一边设置有第三排金属化通孔 143, 使 得第一介质基片 11上与输入口 13相对的一端短路, 因此, 电磁波从输入口 13进入后在第一介质基片 11 内传输至第三排金属化通孔 143停止, 不再继 续向上与输入口 13相对的一端传输, 而通过耦合槽 15传输。 耦合槽 15为长方形, 在所述第一介质基片 11的金属层上靠近短路端的 部分, 该耦合槽 15的短边与第三排金属化通孔 143平行, 短边的中心线偏离 馈电基片集成波导的短边中心线。
辐射部分 20为辐射基片集成波导, 具体可包括第二介质基片 21, 所述 第二介质基片 21的表面覆盖有金属层 22, 所述第二介质基片 21的一端为辐 射口 23, 用于将电磁波辐射到空间中。 所述第二介质基片 21上与所述辐射 口 23相邻的两边各设置有一排平行的金属化通孔 24 (为便于描述, 将其中 一排金属化通孔称为第四排金属化通孔, 将另一排金属化通孔称为第五排金 属化通孔),所述金属化通孔 24的排列方向与所述第二介质基片 21的端面垂 直, 所述第二介质基片 21上与所述辐射口 23相对的一端与所述第一介质基 片 11上设置耦合槽 15的部分相接, 且如图 3所示, 覆盖所述耦合槽 15。 为 了更清晰地给出耦合槽与辐射部分 20之间的结构关系, 图 3中省略了馈电部 分的金属化通孔, 且对第二介质基片做了透明处理。
其中, 金属层 22可为铜层。 由于第二介质基片 21上与辐射口 23相对的 一边未设置有金属化通孔, 因此, 第二介质基片 21上与辐射口 23相对的一 端开路, 电磁波可以通过该端传输。 由于该端覆盖于耦合槽 15上, 因此, 馈 电部分 10传输的电磁波可继续通过耦合槽以及该端到达辐射部分 20, 在辐 射部分 20中传输, 并通过辐射口 23将电磁波发射到空中。 辐射部分 20中,天线所需要的馈电信号在第四排金属化通孔和第五排金 属化通孔两排金属化通孔以及两个表面的金属层 22 所形成的介质波导中传 播。 本实施例提供的天线中, 馈电部分和辐射部分均包括介质基片、 介质基 片表面覆盖的金属覆铜层和介质基片上设置的金属化通孔, 其中一个基片集 成波导水平放置, 作为馈电部分, 另一个基片集成波导垂直放置, 作为辐射 部分。 馈电部分的一端为输入端口, 另一端短路即为短路端, 且在靠近短路 端处有一耦合槽, 辐射部分的一端开路且覆盖于耦合槽上, 辐射部分的另一 端也为开路, 辐射能量。 这样, 辐射部分不仅完成了水平放置的馈电基片集 成波导到垂直放置的辐射基片集成波导的过渡, 也同时将能量辐射出去。 这 样, 天线通过相互垂直且采用介质基片的馈电部分和辐射部分, 不仅减小了 法向辐射的天线的体积, 而且, 基片集成波导直接向外辐射能量, 提高了天 线的工作带宽。 进一步, 所述耦合槽的长边中心线与在所述输入口所在边的对边排列的 金属化通孔 (即第三排金属化通孔 143 ) 在所述耦合槽的长边方向上的距离 可为所述天线的中心频率的四分之一介质波导波长。
例如, 可通过软件仿真和测试使电磁波通过该耦合槽时的反射最小, 来 确定耦合槽的长度。 通过软件仿真和测试, 耦合槽的长度接近天线工作中心 频率的二分之一波长, 其长边中心线与第三排金属化通孔 143中心线在所述 耦合槽的长边方向上的距离为天线中心频率的四分之一介质波导波长。
进一步, 如图 4所示, 所述耦合槽的短边中心线与所述第二介质基片的 厚度中心线重合。为了更清晰地给出耦合槽与辐射部分 20之间的相对位置关 系, 图 4中省略了馈电部分和辐射部分的金属化通孔, 且对第二介质基片做 了透明处理。 进一步, 所述第二介质基片的短边长度大于所述天线的工作波长的二分 之一。 辐射部分的横截面的长度 (也即第二介质基片的短边长度) 可大于天 线工作波长的二分之一。 因为耦合槽的长度是工作波长的二分之一, 辐射部 分中第二介质基片的一端略大于工作波长的二分之一就可将其完全覆盖, 具 体值可通过优化得到。 按照上述设计准则完成的结构, 其宽带特性的来源为: 辐射部分提供的 宽带特性和垂直过渡提供的宽带特性。 作为一个传输线, 基片集成波导直接 向外辐射能量, 其工作带宽必然很宽; 而垂直过渡的宽带原理示意图 4所示。 进一步, 所述耦合槽的电场模式与所述辐射部分内主模相同。 馈电部分金属覆铜层上表面所蚀刻的耦合槽所具有的电场模式与辐射部 分内主模完全吻合, 所以可以宽带匹配。 本发明上述实施例提供的天线基于基片集成波导技术, 提出一种适用于 毫米波频段的宽带印刷天线, 同时, 为了便于二维阵列使用和系统集成, 其 馈电部分和辐射部分相互垂直。并且, 馈电和辐射两部分的厚度可以不一样, 因此可以分别满足馈电部分和辐射部分对基片厚度的不同要求, 在获得高性 能法向辐射的同时便于系统集成。 同时, 馈电和辐射两部分通过一个垂直过 渡, 将馈电部分和辐射部分分别位于两个平面, 易于完成二维大型天线阵布 局。 由于介质填充, 本发明上述实施例提供的天线在同样频率下的喇叭结构 较金属波导小, 此时能满足栅瓣抑制条件。 辐射部分其在完成垂直过渡的同 时, 将能量从开口端辐射出去, 结构简单紧凑。 整个结构中均为 TE10模, 设 计十分简单, 性能优异。 且本发明上述实施例提供的天线案中没有任何谐振 结构, 且匹配良好, 使得本天线的带宽非常宽, -10dB 带宽可轻易到达 30% 以上。 最后应说明的是: 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案, 而非对 其限制; 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改, 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换; 而这些修改或者替换, 并 不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims

权利 要 求
1、 一种天线, 其特征在于, 包括:
馈电部分 (10 ), 包括第一介质基片 (11 ), 所述第一介质基片的表面覆 盖有金属层(12 ), 所述第一介质基片的一端为所述馈电部分的输入口 (13 ), 所述第一介质基片上设置有多个平行的金属化通孔 (14 ), 所述金属化通孔 ( 14 ) 的排列方向与所述第一介质基片的端面垂直, 所述多个平行的金属化 通孔沿着所述第一介质基片上除所述输入口所在边以外其它边排列, 所述第 一介质基板上靠近与所述输入口相对的一端的部分设置有耦合槽(15), 所述 耦合槽的底部为所述第一介质基片的表面, 槽壁为所述金属层的截面, 所述 耦合槽位于所述金属化通孔排列形成的空间内;
辐射部分 (20 ), 包括第二介质基片 (21 ), 所述第二介质基片的表面覆 盖有金属层 (22 ), 所述第二介质基片的一端为辐射口 (23 ), 所述第二介质 基片上与所述辐射口相邻的两边各设置有一排平行的金属化通孔(24), 所述 金属化通孔 (24 ) 的排列方向与所述第二介质基片的端面垂直, 所述第二介 质基片上与所述辐射口相对的一端与所述第一介质基片上设置耦合槽的部分 相接, 且覆盖所述耦合槽。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述耦合槽的长边中心线与 在所述输入口所在边的对边排列的金属化通孔在所述耦合槽的长边方向上的 距离为所述天线的中心频率的四分之一介质波导波长。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述耦合槽的短边中心 线与所述第二介质基片的厚度中心线重合。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第二介质基片 的短边长度大于所述天线的工作波长的二分之一。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述耦合槽的电场 模式与所述辐射部分内主模相同。
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