WO2015010293A1 - 抗癌药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

抗癌药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015010293A1
WO2015010293A1 PCT/CN2013/080059 CN2013080059W WO2015010293A1 WO 2015010293 A1 WO2015010293 A1 WO 2015010293A1 CN 2013080059 W CN2013080059 W CN 2013080059W WO 2015010293 A1 WO2015010293 A1 WO 2015010293A1
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Prior art keywords
pharmaceutical composition
camptothecin
methoxycamptothecin
extract
cancer cells
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PCT/CN2013/080059
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张苑金
张明杰
Original Assignee
Zhang Yuanjin
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Application filed by Zhang Yuanjin filed Critical Zhang Yuanjin
Priority to CN201380047071.0A priority Critical patent/CN104619322B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/080059 priority patent/WO2015010293A1/zh
Publication of WO2015010293A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015010293A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4738Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4745Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/22Anacardiaceae (Sumac family), e.g. smoketree, sumac or poison oak
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08Solutions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12Aerosols; Foams
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4866Organic macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7069Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polysiloxane, polyesters, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • Anticancer pharmaceutical composition preparation method and use thereof
  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, and in particular to an anticancer pharmaceutical composition, a preparation method and use thereof. Background technique
  • Cancer is one of the diseases that seriously affect human health and threaten human life worldwide. It ranks among the top three causes of death in all countries of the world and is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease in China.
  • great progress has been made in cancer chemotherapy, but the treatment effect on solid tumors that are most serious to human health and account for more than 90% of malignant tumors is not satisfactory; most anti-tumor drugs inhibit or kill tumor cells.
  • it inevitably causes damage or toxic effects on normal tissues and organs, causing pain to the patients and even leading to death. Therefore, the development and research of new and effective anti-tumor drugs is a major topic and long-term task in the field of medical research. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition having an effective prevention and treatment of cancer, a preparation method and use thereof.
  • topoisomerase is an enzyme that directly controls the survival of cancer cells, and as long as it can be eliminated, cancer cells will die.
  • camptothecin can inhibit and destroy the activity of topoisomerase, and the effect of killing cancer cells is remarkable.
  • the camptothecin obtained from Hibiscus is generally more toxic.
  • High dose or long-term use of camptothecin can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, inhibit the growth of bone marrow cells, cause hemorrhagic cystitis, and frequent urination. , dysuria and hematuria and other symptoms, and cause oral mucosal infections and hair loss and other adverse reactions.
  • camptothecin for the purpose of reducing its toxicity, thereby obtaining a series of compounds including 9-methoxycamptothecin, etc., although its toxicity is reduced,
  • the effect of killing tumor cells was not as good as camptothecin before structural modification. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention conducted a series of experimental studies on the basis of this, firstly separating and purifying camptothecin, 9-methoxycamptothecin, and including linoleic acid, and east from the odorous horse wood.
  • the invention includes a water-soluble extract of S. sinensis and a pharmaceutical composition of different ratios of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin, thereby achieving the desired effect of effectively killing tumor cells without damaging normal cells.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising: camptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 9-methoxycamptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention has a very remarkable effect in preventing or treating cancer, and the combined effect of the pharmaceutical composition in treating cancer is superior to single use of camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin. And the toxic and side effects at the same dose are significantly lower than that of camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin, so the pharmaceutical composition of the water-soluble extract of S. sylvestris and camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin has Significant synergistic effect of attenuation.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing the above pharmaceutical composition.
  • the method comprises: adding alcohol to the leaves of the odorous horse to obtain the camptothecin, 9-methoxycamptothecin and the odorous horse wood leaf residue; the obtained camptothecin and 9-methoxy
  • the basal tree is mixed in a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is added to the mixture to obtain the pharmaceutical composition.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides the use of the above pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of cancer.
  • the use of the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention has a very significant effect in preventing or treating cancer, and the combined effect of the pharmaceutical composition in treating cancer is superior to single use of camptothecin or 9-methoxy
  • the combination of sulphate and camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin The substance has obvious synergistic effect and attenuation.
  • Clinically used drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors are mainly alkylating agents, anti-metabolic anti-tumor drugs, anti-tumor antibiotics, anti-tumor angiogenesis drugs, anti-tumor botanical drugs and other drugs, about a few hundred.
  • anti-tumor plant drugs have become the mainstay of anti-tumor drugs, accounting for about 41% of the market share, which is related to the relatively small side effects of such drugs. Therefore, research and development of natural anti-tumor drugs with low toxicity, high efficacy, and moderate price are an important topic in the development of botanicals.
  • Paclitaxel has a specific targeting effect on mitosis of cancer cell tubulin, has no effect on normal cells, and has a certain effect on malignant tumors such as advanced ovarian cancer, Hodgkin's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma and advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, since its listing in 1992, it has quickly become popular around the world, and this has created a new record for chemotherapy drugs.
  • natural plant anti-tumor drugs account for the largest proportion. For example, among the 11 subtypes of antineoplastic drugs, the largest market share is botanical, accounting for 23.1% of the entire market.
  • the yew series of botanicals and antimetabolites have a high degree of clinical application.
  • the anti-tumor botanicals are mainly docetaxel and paclitaxel, which account for 44.92% and 44.36% of anti-tumor botanicals, respectively.
  • paclitaxel anticancer drugs all over the world are basically monopolized by Squibb of the United States.
  • Camptothecin derivatives have become the most important anticancer drug of another natural plant source following paclitaxel.
  • Camptothecin is an alkaloid with antitumor activity extracted from the plant Hibiscus in China by WALL et al. in 1966. Although it has certain curative effect on malignant tumors such as gastrointestinal tumor, bladder cancer, liver cancer and leukemia, it is caused by bone marrow suppression, vomiting, diarrhea and severe hemorrhagic cystitis due to poor water solubility. The application is severely limited. In the following ten years, related research has been greatly reduced. Until 1985, HSIANG et al.
  • camptothecin clarified the mechanism of inhibition of topoisomerase I (TOPO I) by camptothecin, and then ignited the development of high-efficiency, low-toxic camptothecin derivatives, and various structural modifications to camptothecin.
  • a large number of derivatives have emerged, some have been used in clinical practice, and have achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects; such as irinotecan (CPT-1 1) and topotecan (TPT), some are still undergoing clinical trials.
  • Rubitecan (9-NC) developed by Supergen in the United States, has been called a new generation of semi-synthetic camptothecin derivatives. It has broad antitumor activity against solid tumors and has a significant effect on hematological tumors. Oral, low toxicity.
  • the research of camptothecin and its derivatives in the United States, Japan, France, Germany, South Korea and Italy is leading in the world.
  • camptothecin analogs which have better antitumor activity and lower toxic side effects.
  • the inventors found that, in addition to being rich in camptothecin, the odorant horse contains a certain amount of 9-methoxycamptothecin and 9-methoxy-18, 19-dehydrocamptothecin. And camptothecin analogs such as 10-hydroxycamptothecin. It has been confirmed by experiments on each tumor cell that it has significant inhibitory activity against proliferation of a plurality of different tumor cells.
  • the inventors of the present invention conducted a series of experimental studies on the basis of this, and proposed a drug comprising a water-stained extract of sulphur horses and different ratios of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin.
  • the composition achieves the desired effect of effectively killing tumor cells without damaging normal cells.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: camptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 9-methoxycamptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention has a very significant effect in preventing or treating cancer, and the combined effect of the pharmaceutical composition in treating cancer is superior to the single use of camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin.
  • camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin The effect, and the toxic side effects at the same dose is significantly lower than that of camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin, so the pharmaceutical composition of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin has obvious synergistic effect and attenuation. The role.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt form commonly used in the field of medicinal chemistry, that is, substantially non-toxic and capable of providing the desired pharmacokinetic properties, palatability, absorption, distribution, metabolism or
  • the salt form of excretion may be a common acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of camptothecin may be selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, sulfate, formate, acetate, butyrate, benzoate, fumarate, Any of maleate, citrate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, besylate, p-toluenesulfonate and laurylsulfonatekind.
  • the camptothecin salt of the embodiment of the present invention is relatively stable and can be accommodated with another active ingredient, 9-methoxycamptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Together, a pharmaceutical composition is formed which is effective for treating or preventing cancer.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 9-methoxycamptothecin may be selected from the group consisting of hydrochlorides, sulfates, acetates, benzoates, fumarates, horses. Acid salt, citrate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, besylate, p-toluenesulfonate, lauryl sulfonate, hydroquinone sulfonic acid Any of a salt and a hydrobromide salt.
  • the salt of 9-methoxycamptothecin according to the embodiment of the present invention is relatively stable and can be accommodated with another active ingredient camptothecin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Together, a pharmaceutical composition is formed which is effective for treating or preventing cancer.
  • the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin is not particularly limited as long as it can effectively treat cancer animal models and clinical cancer cases, and those skilled in the art can The specific ratio of the model or the case is appropriately proportioned.
  • the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin may be 1:2-8, preferably, camptothecin and 9- The ratio of methoxycamptothecin may be 1:4 to 6.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can treat cancer more effectively.
  • the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin is 1:5, and the pharmaceutical composition in this ratio can achieve the most remarkable treatment. Therapeutic effect.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention may further comprise a water-stained woody extract, the effective active ingredients of which include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, saponin, dioxin, thymine, plant alcohol , fenugreek base and a variety of vitamins and amino acids.
  • a water-stained woody extract the effective active ingredients of which include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, saponin, dioxin, thymine, plant alcohol , fenugreek base and a variety of vitamins and amino acids.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is at least one of any pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is a solid preparation or a liquid preparation, and may be, for example, a powder, a granule, a partial agent, a capsule, a pill, a paste, a spray, a drop, an elixir, a patch, At least one of an oral solution, an injection, a sustained release preparation, and a controlled release preparation. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition can effectively enter the body in various dosage forms, and acts on malignant tumor cells, drug-resistant malignant tumor cells, and malignant tumor stem cells, and improves malignant tumor cells and drug-resistant malignant in various ways. The effect of tumor cells and malignant tumor stem cells, thereby preventing and treating cancer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in a gastrointestinal dosage form and a parenteral dosage form.
  • the gastrointestinal administration dosage form is a preparation in which the pharmaceutical composition enters the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, and functions locally or absorbs at the administration site.
  • the parenteral administration form is a preparation in which the pharmaceutical composition functions in a local action or is absorbed after administration at a site other than an oral administration route.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be administered to humans in various suitable and convenient forms, acting on malignant tumor cells, drug-resistant malignant tumor cells, and malignant tumor stem cells, and improving malignant tumor cells and drug-resistant malignant in various ways. The effect of tumor cells and malignant tumor stem cells, thereby preventing and treating cancer.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may include any of the common excipients that may be used pharmaceutically, such as, but not limited to, binders, fillers, film-coated polymers, plasticizers, Glidants, disintegrants, lubricants and release rate modifiers.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing the above pharmaceutical composition.
  • the method comprises: adding alcohol to the leaves of the odorous horse to obtain the camptothecin, 9-methoxycamptothecin and the odorous horse wood leaf residue; the obtained camptothecin and 9-methoxy
  • the base campan is mixed in a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is added to the mixture to obtain a pharmaceutical composition.
  • a pharmaceutical composition having an active ingredient of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin can be efficiently obtained, and the pharmaceutical composition can be used for specifically treating cancer .
  • the method of adding alcohol to the leaves of the stinky horse is not particularly limited as long as the camptothecin and the 9-methoxycamptothecin can be effectively extracted from the leaves of the horse Various alcohol extraction methods commonly used in the art may be used.
  • a method for extracting camptothecin from the leaves of the horse is included, but is not limited to the following steps: 8 times of the stinky horse leaves The weight of 40-80% ethanol is heated and refluxed and extracted once to three times, each time for 0.5 hour to 2 hours, and combined by filtration to obtain the Streptomyces hordeol extract; Performing a first concentration to obtain a first concentrated liquid; adjusting the pH of the first concentrated liquid with hydrochloric acid, wherein the pH-adjusted first concentrated liquid has a pH of 3 to 6; The ethyl ester is sequentially subjected to pH-adjusted first concentrated solution for 2 times to 3 times, and the extracted phases are combined to obtain a camptothecin crude extract; 70% of the obtained camptothecin crude extract is added Aqueous acetone solution, stir evenly and let stand for 20 hours Filtration, thereby obtaining a first filter cake and a first filtrate; then adding a
  • the obtained second filter cake was a crude camptothecin in which the volume ratio of fatty alcohol to methyl chloride was 1:20; finally, the obtained camptothecin crude product was purified by a cation exchange resin to obtain camptothecin.
  • camptothecin the efficiency of extracting camptothecin from the leaves of the horse can be improved, and the obtained camptothecin is relatively high in purity, thereby further combining with 9-methoxycamptothecin to form the pharmaceutical combination of the present invention.
  • the method for extracting 9-methoxycamptothecin from the leaves of S. serrata is not particularly limited as long as it can effectively extract 9-methoxyl from the leaves of S.
  • the saponin may be various extraction methods commonly used in the art.
  • the first 9-methoxycamptothecin crude product is obtained by the solvent in the first filtrate obtained in the process of the saponification; the fatty alcohol and the ethyl acetate are added to the other portion of the first filter cake, and the mixture is stirred and allowed to stand for 10 hours.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is for treating diseases related to cancer and the like.
  • the obtained camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin are mixed in a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture which may further include a smoky horse wood water extract.
  • the method for preparing the scented horse water extract is not particularly limited as long as the remaining water-soluble active ingredient can be further extracted from the residue after extracting the odorous horse-to-wood leaves from the alcohol.
  • the step of adding water to the residue of the scented horse to the wood leaf residue may include, but is not limited to:
  • the scented horse is decocted with 5 to 10 times the weight of the wood leaf residue 1 to 3 times, 0.5 to 3 hours each time, filtered and combined to obtain a crude extract; then the crude extract is subjected to a second concentration. , in order to obtain a second concentrate; and purifying the obtained second concentrate to obtain a water-stained extract of the horse.
  • the active active ingredients in the above-mentioned odorous horse water extract include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, sucralose, dioxin, thymine, phytosterol, fenugreek, and multivitamins. And amino acids.
  • the predetermined ratio of mixing camptothecin with 9-methoxycamptothecin is not particularly limited, as long as it can effectively treat cancer animals. Models and clinical cancer cases play a therapeutic role, and those skilled in the art can appropriately mix according to the specific conditions of the model or the case.
  • the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin can be It is 1:2 to 8, preferably, the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin may be 1:4 to 6.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can treat cancer more effectively.
  • the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin is 1:5.
  • the pharmaceutical composition in this ratio can achieve the most remarkable therapeutic effect.
  • An embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of cancer.
  • the use of the pharmaceutical composition according to an embodiment of the present invention in the preparation of a medicament has a very significant effect in preventing or treating cancer, and the combined effect of the medicament in treating cancer is superior to the single use of camptothecin or 9-methoxy
  • the effect of gibberellin, and its toxic side effects at the same dose is significantly lower than that of camptothecin or 9-methoxycamptothecin, so the pharmaceutical composition of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin is combined with stinky horse. It has obvious synergistic effect and attenuation effect than wood water-soluble extract.
  • treatment refers to a method of treatment, which refers to the process of blocking, alleviating or eliminating a cause or a disease in order to restore or obtain health or reduce pain in a living human or animal body.
  • the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient in a therapeutically effective amount, and the therapeutically effective amount is an amount which is capable of producing a desired effect after absorption by the human body, and is readily available in the art.
  • the technician determined. In determining this dosage, the bioavailability characteristics of the particular pharmaceutical composition being administered, the dosage regimen, the age and weight of the patient, and other factors must be considered, as is known in the art.
  • the method is for inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells.
  • the proliferation of tumor cells By inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, the growth of tumor cells is inhibited, thereby achieving the purpose of treating cancer.
  • the tumor cells are malignant tumor cells, drug-resistant malignant tumor cells, and malignant tumor stem cells.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can effectively inhibit the growth of malignant tumor cells, drug-resistant malignant tumor cells, and malignant tumor stem cells, thereby achieving the effect of treating cancer.
  • the malignant tumor cell is selected from the group consisting of a liver cancer cell, a lung cancer cell, a gastric cancer cell, At least one of ovarian cancer cells, breast cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, rectal cancer cells, colorectal cancer cells, pancreatic cancer cells, esophageal cancer cells, nasopharyngeal cancer cells, and blood cancer cells.
  • a liver cancer cell a lung cancer cell
  • a gastric cancer cell At least one of ovarian cancer cells, breast cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, rectal cancer cells, colorectal cancer cells, pancreatic cancer cells, esophageal cancer cells, nasopharyngeal cancer cells, and blood cancer cells.
  • the route of using the pharmaceutical composition is also not particularly limited.
  • the pharmaceutical composition prepared can be administered parenterally (e.g., intradermally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, intravenously, and subcutaneously), epidural, intratumoral, and mucosal. (such as intranasal and oral routes).
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered systemically or topically.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be effectively administered by various routes, reaching and acting on the topoisomerase in the tumor cells, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of the tumor cells, and further damaging the DNA and RNA of the tumor cells, thereby affecting the tumor cells. Signal transduction during proliferation and translation of genetic information, which can effectively kill tumor cells and treat cancer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be administered topically in the area in need of treatment.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be accomplished by, for example, but not limited to, topical infusion, injection or by implantation.
  • the implant is a porous or non-porous material comprising a membrane and a matrix, such as a silicone rubber membrane, a polymer, a fibrous matrix (e.g., Tissuel®) or a collagen matrix.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be effectively administered by various routes, reaching and acting on the topoisomerase in the tumor cells, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of the tumor cells, and further damaging the DNA and RNA of the tumor cells, thereby affecting the tumor cells. Signal transduction during proliferation and translation of genetic information, which can effectively kill tumor cells and treat cancer.
  • Powders also known as powders, are dry powdered preparations prepared by pulverizing and uniformly mixing the drug with suitable excipients for internal and external use.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into a powder is not particularly limited, and a powder preparation technique conventional in the art may be used, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is effective. After the active ingredients are separately pulverized, they are uniformly mixed with the powder adjuvant, and after being packaged and packaged, a powder of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained.
  • the preparation method is simple, the dosage is easy to control, the medicine quality is relatively stable; it is suitable for children; the transportation is convenient.
  • Granules are granular preparations prepared by combining drugs with suitable excipients. They are generally classified into soluble granules, suspended granules and effervescent granules. The main feature is that they can be directly swallowed. It can also be rushed into the water for drinking. It is convenient to apply and carry, and the dissolution and absorption speed is faster.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into granules is not particularly limited, and a preparation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention may be used in advance using a preparation technique conventional in the art, for example, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the active ingredient of the extracted pharmaceutical composition is pulverized and sieved, and the granule auxiliary material is uniformly mixed and then granulated, and then the obtained coarse particles are dried, and the dried coarse particles are granulated. Then, after the classification treatment, coating and dispensing are carried out, thereby obtaining the present invention.
  • the grading treatment means that the granulated granules are passed through the No. 1 sieve according to the upper limit of the particle size specification, and the unpassible portion is appropriately pulverized; then, according to the lower limit of the particle size specification, the granulated particles are passed through the No. 4 Sieve to remove the powder fraction.
  • the kind of the granule adjuvant is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, but not limited to, a diluent, a wetting agent, a binder, a disintegrant, a glidant, a flavoring agent, and a coloring agent.
  • the method of granulating may be a dry granulation technique and a wet granulation technique, wherein the wet granulation technique may include, but is not limited to, extrusion granulation, rapid agitation granulation, fluidized spray Granulation and spray drying granulation; dry granulation techniques may include, but are not limited to, granulation by rolling and granulation by gravity.
  • a skeleton material or a controlled release film which can adjust the release rate of the drug can be added to the pharmaceutical composition, thereby preparing a slow and controlled release granule, and encapsulating the granules.
  • Slow, controlled release granules the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention which is made into a granule is fast in absorption, quick in effect, and convenient to take, and has a good mouthfeel.
  • Capsules are solid preparations prepared by filling a drug in a hollow capsule or sealing it in an elastic soft capsule, wherein the capsule is mainly composed of a hard capsule, a soft capsule, and an enteric capsule.
  • the capsule material made into a hard capsule may include a primary encapsulating material gelatin, a plasticizer, and water, and may or may not include a thickener, an opacifier, a colorant, a preservative, and In the fragrance.
  • the main encapsulating material gelatin may be derived from bone glue or skin glue.
  • a method of making a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention into a hard capsule comprises separately preparing an effective active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition and an empty capsule, and then filling the effective active ingredient of the obtained pharmaceutical composition with The obtained empty capsules are subjected to polishing and packaging after sealing to obtain capsules of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the filling of the effective active ingredient of the obtained pharmaceutical composition into the obtained empty capsule is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the activity of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and does not cause deterioration of the capsule shell.
  • Various capsule filling forms commonly used in the art may be employed, for example, the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be directly filled in an empty capsule; the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also be added to a suitable auxiliary ingredient.
  • a diluent, a glidant, a disintegrating agent, or the like is prepared into a uniform powder, granule or tablet and then filled in an empty capsule; the effective active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also be made into ordinary pellets and instant release pellets.
  • the sustained-release pellet, the controlled-release pellet or the enteric pellet is separately filled or mixed and filled in an empty capsule (if necessary, an appropriate amount of blank pellet is added as a filler); the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also be packaged.
  • Effect of the active ingredient solution, suspensions, emulsions and the like may also be used a special capsule filling machine to fill the hollow capsules.
  • a skeleton material or a controlled release film which can adjust the release rate of the drug can be added to the pharmaceutical composition to prepare a slow and controlled release granule.
  • a slow, controlled release capsule is obtained after filling.
  • the pharmaceutical composition prepared as a capsule can mask the bad odor of the drug and improve the stability of the drug; since the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is directly filled in the capsule in a powder or granule state, it is not affected by pressure and the like, so Rapid dispersal, dissolution and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, its bioavailability will be higher than the traditional dosage form; and the effect of delaying the release of the drug and the release of the drug can be achieved.
  • a tablet is a tablet preparation which is prepared by uniformly mixing a drug and an auxiliary material.
  • the tablets are mainly oral tablets, and also include tablets, sublingual tablets, oral patches, chewable tablets, dispersible tablets, effervescent tablets, vaginal tablets, immediate or sustained release or controlled release tablets and enteric coated tablets.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into a tablet is not particularly limited, and the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be controlled to be 80 mesh to 300 mesh using a conventional production technique in the art.
  • the method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition into a tablet may be granulated by a granulation technique such as a dry rolling method, a wet method or a sulfurized spray, or may be directly pulverized by sifting the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be prepared as a single layer sheet, or the pharmaceutical composition may be formed into a two-layer sheet and a controlled release sheet or the like which is well known in the art.
  • the core of the tablet of the pharmaceutical composition may be coated with a film coating layer or a sugar coating layer or a film coating layer or a sugar coating layer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention which is tableted has a small difference in the drug content in the tablet, so that the accuracy of the administered dose can be improved, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention in the form of a tablet is taken, carried, and transported. It is convenient, suitable for mechanized large production and low in composition.
  • the method of forming the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention into a tablet is not particularly limited, and various tableting techniques commonly used in the art can be employed.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be employed in the following steps. Tablets are formed: The components of the powdered pharmaceutical composition are blended together and fed into a die cavity of the apparatus which applies pressure to form a tablet. Any suitable compaction device can be used including, but not limited to, a conventional single punch or rotary tablet press. In one embodiment, the tablet can be formed by compaction with a rotary tablet press.
  • a metered volume of powder is filled into the die cavity of a rotary tablet press where the powder is fed or mechanically fed from the feeder and the die cavity is rotated from the filling position to compaction as part of the "mold table" position.
  • the powder is compacted between the upper punch and the lower punch, and the resulting tablet is then ejected from the die cavity through the lower punch, followed by a stationary "take-off bar” Guide to the injection chute.
  • the direct compression process allows for the use of water-soluble non-saccharide polymeric binders which may have a negative impact on dissolution, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl, with or without minimal adverse effects on dissolution.
  • water-soluble non-saccharide polymeric binders which may have a negative impact on dissolution, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl, with or without minimal adverse effects on dissolution.
  • dissolution such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl, with or without minimal adverse effects on dissolution.
  • Methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxyethyl cellulose.
  • a tablet may be prepared by a wet granulation method in which an excipient and a wet binder solution or dispersion such as an aqueous cooked starch paste or a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution are mixed and granulated.
  • a wet granulation Equipment includes low shear mixers (such as planetary mixers), high shear mixers, and fluidized beds (including rotating fluidized beds).
  • the resulting particulate material can then be dried and optionally dry mixed with additional ingredients such as excipients such as lubricants, colorants, and the like.
  • the final dry blend is then suitable for compression by the method described in the previous paragraph.
  • the tablet may be a direct compression tablet made from a powder substantially free of water soluble polymeric binder and hydrated polymer.
  • substantially free means less than 5%, such as less than 1%, such as less than 0.1%, such as completely free (e.g., 0%) o. This is to maintain an immediate release dissolution profile, It is advantageous to minimize processing and material costs and to optimize the physical and chemical stability of the tablet.
  • the tablet can have one of a variety of different shapes.
  • the tablet may be shaped as a polyhedron, such as a cube, a cone, a prism, etc.; or may have a geometry with a spatial pattern of certain non-flat faces, such as a cone, a truncated cone, a cylinder, a sphere, a wheel Ring and so on.
  • the tablet has one or more major surfaces.
  • the surface of the tablet typically has opposing upper and lower surfaces formed by contact with the upper and lower punch surfaces of the press machine.
  • the tablet surface typically also includes a "belt strap" between the upper surface and the lower surface that is formed by contact with the die wall in the pressing machine. Tablets can also be multilayer tablets.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable composition is prepared as a multi-layered tablet (e.g., a two-layer or three-layer tablet may be prepared).
  • the tablet portion is filled with a first portion of the powder, the liquid pharmaceutical composition is injected into the die cavity, optionally the first press of the powder bed, the second portion of the powder is added, the tablet is compressed, and the tablet is ejected from the die. tablet.
  • the second portion of the powder has the same blend composition as the first portion of the powder.
  • the second portion of the powder has a different composition than the first portion of the powder.
  • the first portion of the powder contains the pharmaceutical composition and the second portion of the powder contains another different pharmaceutical composition.
  • tablets are made by compressing a powder containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the carrier may contain one or more excipients suitable for formulating the tablet.
  • suitable excipients include, but are not limited to: fillers, adsorbents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, modified release vehicles, sweeteners, super disintegrants, flavors Agents and fragrances, antioxidants, texture enhancers, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable fillers include, but are not limited to, water soluble compressible carbohydrates such as sugars (eg, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose), starches (eg, corn starch), sugar alcohols (eg, mannose).
  • Suitable adsorbents include, but are not limited to: water insoluble adsorbents such as dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium aluminum metasilicate, clays, silicas, bentonites , zeolites, magnesium silicates, hydrotalcites, colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable binders include, but are not limited to: dry binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; wet binders such as water soluble polymers including hydrophilic colloids such as acacia Gum, alginate, agar, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tara gum, gum arabic, tragacanth, pectin, xanthan gum, gellan gum, gelatin, malt Dextrin, galactomannan, sulphate, laminarin, sclerotium dextran, inulin, ylang gum, rhamn gum, fungal micelle, carrageenan, chitin, cyclodextrin, Chitin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sucrose, starch, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
  • dry binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
  • Suitable disintegrants include, but are not limited to, sodium starch glycolate, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, croscarmellose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable lubricants include, but are not limited to, long chain fatty acids and their salts (such as magnesium stearate and stearic acid), talc, glycerides, waxes, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable glidants include, but are not limited to, colloidal silica.
  • Suitable modified release excipients include, but are not limited to, swellable erodible hydrophilic materials, insoluble edible materials, pH dependent polymers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Swellable erodible hydrophilic materials suitable for use as excipients for modified release include, but are not limited to: water-swellable cellulose derivatives, polyalkylene glycols, thermoplastic polyalkylene oxides, acrylic polymers, Hydrocolloids, clays, gelatinized starches, swollen crosslinked polymers, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable water swellable cellulose derivatives include, but are not limited to: sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crosslinked hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPc), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMc) ), hydroxyisopropyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl cellulose, hydroxyphenyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEc), hydroxypentyl cellulose, hydroxypropylethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl butyl cellulose, and hydroxy Propylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable polyalkylene glycols include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol.
  • suitable thermoplastic polyalkylene oxides include, but are not limited to, polyethylene oxide.
  • acrylic polymers include, but are not limited to, potassium methacrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, high molecular weight crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers.
  • suitable hydrophilic colloids include, but are not limited to: alginate, agar, guar gum, locust bean gum, k carrageenan, t carrageenan, tara gum, gum arabic, tragacanth, pectin, xanthan Glue, gellan gum, maltodextrin, galactomannan, sulphate, laminarin, sclerotium glucan, gum arabic, inulin, pectin, gelatin, welan gum, rhamn gum, bacteria Micelle, carrageenan, chitin, cyclodextrin, chitosan, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable clays include, but are not limited to, smectites such as bentonite, kaolin, and laponite; magnesium trisilicate; magnesium aluminum silicate and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable gelatinized starches include, but are not limited to, acid hydrolyzed starch, swollen starch (e.g., sodium starch glycolate and its derivatives), and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable swollen crosslinked polymers include, but are not limited to, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked agar, and croscarmellose sodium, and mixtures thereof.
  • Insoluble edible materials suitable for use as excipients for modified release include, but are not limited to, water insoluble polymers and low melting hydrophobic materials, copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable water insoluble polymers include, but are not limited to: ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polycaprolactone, cellulose acetate and its derivatives, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylics Copolymers, copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable low melting hydrophobic materials include, but are not limited to, fats, fatty acid esters, phospholipids, waxes, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable fats include, but are not limited to: hydrogenated plants Oils such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated sunflower oil and hydrogenated soybean oil, free fatty acids and their salts, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable fatty acid esters include, but are not limited to, sucrose fatty acid esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, glyceryl behenate, glyceryl palmitoyl stearate, glyceryl mono Stearate, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl trilaurate , glyceryl myristate, Gly COwax-932 , lauroyl polyethylene glycol-32 glyceride and stearyl polyglycol -32 glycerides and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable waxes include, but are not limited to, carnauba wax, cetyl wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, shellac wax, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax; fat-containing mixtures such as chocolate and mixtures thereof.
  • pH dependent polymers suitable for use as conditioning release excipients include, but are not limited to: enteric cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate amber Acid esters, cellulose acetate phthalate; natural resins such as shellac and zein; enteric acetate derivatives such as polyvinyl acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, B Aldehyde dimethyl cellulose acetate; and enteric acrylate derivatives, such as polymethacrylate based polymers of poly(methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate) 1: 2 and poly(methacrylic acid, A Methyl methacrylate) 1: 1, and mixtures thereof.
  • enteric cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate amber Acid esters, cellulose acetate phthalate
  • natural resins such as shellac and zein
  • suitable sweeteners include, but are not limited to: synthetic or natural sugars, sucralose, saccharin, sodium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K or acesulfame, potassium acesulfame, kiwi Sweet protein, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcone, alitame, mysterious fruit, ecstasy, stevioside and mixtures thereof.
  • superdisintegrants include, but are not limited to, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone (crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone). In one embodiment, the tablet contains up to about 5% by weight of such superdisintegrants.
  • suitable flavoring and perfuming agents include, but are not limited to, essential oils, including distilled flowers, leaves, peels, or whole fruit distillates, solvent extracts or cold presses containing alcohols, esters, aldehydes. a mixture of lactones, including dilute solutions of essential oils or blends of synthetic chemicals that match the natural aromas of fruits (eg, strawberries, raspberries, and balsamic vines); brews and alcohols (eg, Cognac) Brandy and natural flavors of brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, sherry, Porto wine and wine; tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa and mint; juice, including washed fruits Such as lemon, orange and lime squeezed juice; mint; ginger; cinnamon; cocoa; vanilla; licorice; menthol; eucalyptus; star anise; nuts (such as peanuts, coconut, hazelnuts, chestnuts, walnuts and kola); Raisins; and portions of powder, flour or plant material (including tobacco plant parts that are
  • antioxidants include, but are not limited to, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, butylhydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, edetic acid, and edetate, and mixtures thereof.
  • preservatives include, but are not limited to, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and sorbic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • texture enhancers include, but are not limited to, pectin, polyethylene oxide, and carrageenan, and mixtures thereof.
  • an expectorant is a solution, emulsion or suspension preparation of a drug made of ethanol, oil or a suitable solvent for use in a liquid preparation for rubbing without damage.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into an elixir is not particularly limited, and the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition may be mixed in a predetermined ratio and then added to the tincture excipient, using a preparation technique conventional in the art. After mixing, filtration is carried out, and then adjusted to a prescribed amount in accordance with the formulation standard, thereby obtaining an elixir of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the kind of the tanning agent adjuvant is not particularly limited, and may include, for example, but not limited to, polysorbate-80 (Tween 80), glycerin, and azone.
  • Tween-80 has a stable and dispersed effect, and also has a certain antiseptic and fresh-keeping effect
  • glycerin has an emollient effect
  • azone also increases the effect of drug penetration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be effectively used in the form of an elixir for the treatment of diseases on the surface of the skin caused by cancer, such as melanoma and the like.
  • a patch refers to a flaky preparation which can be adhered to the skin and which carries a drug which can produce systemic or local effects.
  • the transdermal absorption preparation is a patch or patch medicine which is absorbed through the skin and can be quickly and permanently entered into the whole body by a controlled release mechanism according to the condition required.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into a patch is not particularly limited, and the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition may be mixed in a predetermined ratio and then added to the patch excipient, using a preparation technique conventional in the art. After mixing, it is coated on a carrier material, and after cutting and dispensing, a patch of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained.
  • the patch adjuvant may include, but is not limited to, an adhesive, a tackifier, a plasticizer, a filler, an absorption enhancer, and a penetration enhancer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can penetrate into the dermis through the stratum corneum and the epidermis, diffuse into the capillaries, and transfer to the systemic circulation; on the other hand, it can also be absorbed through the accessory organs such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, and conventional administration.
  • the patch Compared with the method, the patch has certain advantages: it can prolong the effective action time by continuously releasing the drug at a constant rate, reduce the frequency of administration, maintain the optimal blood concentration, and reduce the adverse reactions caused by the peak plasma concentration; Oral administration may result in a liver-first effect, thereby increasing bioavailability and reducing drug interactions.
  • the patch can also solve practical problems in certain administration processes and improve patient compliance.
  • the drop refers to a liquid preparation of an oral solution, an oral suspension, or an oral emulsion which is measured in a small amount or in a small amount by a suitable measuring instrument.
  • a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition into a drop is not particularly limited, and an effective activity of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be carried out according to some embodiments of the present invention using a preparation technique conventional in the art. After the ingredients are mixed with the dispersion medium and the dropping adjuvant, they are then adjusted to a prescribed amount in accordance with the formulation standard, thereby obtaining a dropping of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the dispersion medium is usually purified water;
  • the drop adjuvant may include, but not limited to, a thickener, a solubilizer, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent, and a preservative.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered to a localized lesion to improve the therapeutic effect.
  • Sprays are those which are powered by compressed air or an inert gas and which are ejected by a non-metal sprayer.
  • a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition into a spray is not particularly limited, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the active active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is mixed with a spray adjuvant, and then adjusted to a prescribed amount according to the formulation standard, thereby obtaining the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the spray excipients include, but are not limited to, water for injection, sweeteners, flavoring agents, preservatives, solubilizers, and compressed gases. After mixing, they are allowed to stand, placed in an aerosol bottle, and the propellant is pressed into the bottle.
  • the spray of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be directly sprayed on the tumor site, it has the characteristics of high local concentration, quick onset, and good curative effect, and can fully exert the effect of the pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer.
  • Pill refers to a spherical or spheroidal preparation made of fine powder or medicinal extract plus suitable binding excipients, including but not limited to honey pills, water pills, water pill, paste pills, concentrated pills, wax pills, dropping pills and Pellet.
  • a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition into a pellet is not particularly limited, and an effective active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used according to an embodiment of the present invention by using a preparation technique conventional in the art.
  • the pellet excipients are mixed and then adjusted to a prescribed amount in accordance with the formulation standard, thereby obtaining a pellet of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the pill excipients include, but are not limited to, a diluent, a wetting agent, a binder, a flavoring agent, and a coating agent.
  • the diluent may be at least one of starch, lactose, dextrin, micronized silica gel and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the wetting agent may be at least one of water and ethanol.
  • Coating agents can include, but are not limited to, enteric adjuvants, plasticizers, and anti-adherents.
  • the enteric adjuvant may be an acrylic resin; the anti-adhesive agent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of micronized silica gel, talc, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide and glyceryl monostearate; the plasticizer may be selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol and lemon. At least one of triethyl sulphate, diethyl phthalate and PEG 6000.
  • the effective active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared into a colon-targeted pellet, which ensures that each drug directly affects the colonic lesion, thereby not only improving the pharmacodynamic activity, but also reducing the digestive system of the stomach to the stomach, small intestine, and the like. The side effects also improve patient compliance and provide new medication options for treating colon cancer.
  • Injection refers to a solution, emulsion or suspension prepared by injecting a drug with a suitable solvent or dispersion medium, and a powder or concentrated solution prepared or diluted into a solution or suspension immediately before use.
  • Sterile preparations include solution-type injections, emulsion-type injections, suspension-type injections, and sterile powder for injection.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into an injection is not particularly limited, and various methods commonly used in the art may be employed, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be used.
  • the effective active ingredient is mixed with the injection agent and the injection solvent, and then adjusted to a prescribed amount according to the formulation standard, and the obtained drug is filtered and filled into the washed, dried and sterilized ampule, and then the drug-filled ampoule
  • the sealing and sterilization operations are carried out, and an injection of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained after examination.
  • the additives for injection include, but are not limited to, bacteriostatic agents, antioxidants, solubilizers, chelating agents, buffers, pH adjusters, isotonic and isotonic regulators and local anesthetics, thereby increasing the effective activity of the pharmaceutical composition
  • Injection solvents include, but are not limited to, water for injection, oil for injection, and other nonaqueous solvents for injection.
  • the sustained-release microparticles (A) having a suspension of "0" are directly mixed in a special solvent to obtain a corresponding sustained-release microparticle injection; for example, according to another embodiment of the present invention,
  • the slow-release microparticles (A) in which the suspending agent is not "0" are mixed in a special solvent or a common solvent to obtain a corresponding sustained-release microparticle injection; for example, the sustained-release microparticles (A) are mixed according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a suspending agent is then added to obtain a corresponding sustained-release microparticle injection.
  • the sustained release microparticles (A) may be first mixed in a special solvent to prepare a corresponding suspension, and then the moisture in the suspension is removed by vacuum drying or the like, and then The suspension is suspended by a special solvent or a common solvent to obtain a corresponding sustained-release microparticle injection.
  • a special solvent or a common solvent to obtain a corresponding sustained-release microparticle injection.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into a sustained-release injection is not particularly limited, and various methods commonly used in the art may be employed: for example, but not limited to, a mixing method, a melting method, a dissolution method, and a spray drying method.
  • Preparation of microspheres, dissolution method combined with freezing (drying) pulverization method to prepare micropowder, liposome encapsulation method and emulsification method are preferred.
  • a dissolution method i.e., solvent evaporation method
  • a drying method i.e., solvent evaporation method
  • a spray drying method i.e., a spray drying method
  • an emulsification method are preferred.
  • the microspheres can be used to prepare various sustained release injections as described above, and the method is arbitrary.
  • Microspheres can also be used to prepare other sustained release injections, such as gel injections, block copolymer micelle injections.
  • the block copolymer micelles are formed from a hydrophobic-hydrophilic block copolymer in an aqueous solution, having a spherical core-shell structure, a hydrophobic block forming an inner core, and a hydrophilic block forming an outer shell.
  • Drug-loaded micelles are injected into the body to achieve the purpose of controlling drug release or targeted therapy.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier used is any one of the above or a combination thereof.
  • PEGM ⁇ is a hydrophilic block of a micelle copolymer, preferably a biodegradable polymer such as PLA, polylactide, polycaprolactone and a copolymer thereof (molecular weight 1500) -25000) as a hydrophobic block of a micelle copolymer.
  • the gel injection dissolves the biodegradable polymer in some amphiphilic solvent, and then the drug is miscible (or suspended) to form a fluidity.
  • the gel can be injected intraperitoneally or intratumorally.
  • the amphiphilic solvent quickly diffuses into the body fluid, while the water in the body fluid penetrates into the gel, allowing the polymer to solidify and slowly releasing the drug.
  • the sustained release microspheres are also available.
  • the pharmaceutical excipient used may be any one or more of the above-mentioned pharmaceutical excipients, but the water-soluble polymer is mainly selected, among various high molecular polymers, Mixtures or copolymers of polylactic acid, glutaric acid, polylactic acid or alkalic acid-containing polymer polymers are preferred, and the mixture and copolymer may be selected from, but not limited to, a mixture of PLA, PLGA, PLA and PLGA.
  • sustained release agent of the anticancer pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is an anticancer pharmaceutical composition sustained release agent which is prepared as a sustained release implant.
  • the active ingredient of the anti-cancer implant can be uniformly packaged throughout the pharmaceutical excipient, or can be packaged in the center of the carrier support or its surface; the active ingredient can be released by direct diffusion and/or by polymer degradation.
  • the sustained-release implant is characterized in that the sustained-release excipient used contains, in addition to the high-molecular polymer, any one or more of the other excipients described above.
  • the added pharmaceutical excipients are collectively referred to as additives.
  • the additive may be classified into a filler, a porogen, an excipient, a dispersant, an isotonic agent, a preservative, a retarder, a solubilizer, an absorption enhancer, a film former, a gelling agent, etc. according to its function.
  • the main components of the sustained release implant can be made into a variety of dosage forms. Such as, but not limited to, capsules, sustained release agents, implants, sustained release agent implants, etc.; in various shapes, such as, but not limited to, granules, pills, tablets, powders, granules, spheres, Block, needle, rod, column and membrane.
  • the optimal dosage form for sustained release implants is biocompatible, degradable absorption and sustained release agent implantation, which can be made into various shapes and various dosage forms due to different clinical needs.
  • a method of preparing a sustained release preparation for example, but not limited to, mixing a carrier support powder with a drug and then pressing it into an implant, a so-called mixing method; melting the carrier support, mixing with the drug to be packaged, and then solid Cooling, the so-called melting method; dissolving the carrier support in a solvent, dissolving or dispersing the drug to be packaged in the polymer solution, then evaporating the solvent, drying, so-called dissolution method; spray drying method; and freeze drying Law and so on.
  • Oral solution refers to a mixture that is filled in a single dose.
  • the method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition into an oral liquid is not particularly limited, and a preparation technique conventional in the art may be used, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be used.
  • the effective active ingredient is added to a suitable additive, dissolved and uniformly mixed, filtered and clarified, and potted in an ampoule or easy-open bottle according to the process requirements of the injection, and finally sterilized to obtain an oral liquid of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • suitable additional agents include, but are not limited to, flavoring agents, preservatives, and surfactants.
  • the flavoring agent may be selected from the group consisting of sucrose, brown sugar, sucrose, stevioside, fructose, glucose, fructose syrup, honey, aspartame, ghera, xylitol, mannitol, lactose, sorbitol, At least one of maltitol, glycyrrhizin, gansin, and sodium cyclamate;
  • the preservative may be selected from the group consisting of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol, At least one of ethanol, phenethyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, benzoic acid and sorbic acid;
  • the surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of Tween-80, Tween-20, cetyltrimethyl bromide, and lauryl sulfate.
  • the administration route depends on various factors, and an effective concentration is obtained at a site where the primary or metastatic tumor is located, and the drug can be administered by various routes such as subcutaneous and intraluminal (e.g., abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and spinal canal). Internal), intratumoral, peritumoral injection or placement, selective arterial injection, intralymphatic injection, and intramedullary injection. It is preferred to have selective intra-arterial injection, intraluminal, intratumoral, peritumoral injection or placement.
  • routes such as subcutaneous and intraluminal (e.g., abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, and spinal canal). Internal), intratumoral, peritumoral injection or placement, selective arterial injection, intralymphatic injection, and intramedullary injection. It is preferred to have selective intra-arterial injection, intraluminal, intratumoral, peritumoral injection or placement.
  • the invention can be used for preparing pharmaceutical preparations for treating various tumors of humans and animals, mainly for sustained release injection or sustained release implants, and the tumors mentioned include originating from the brain, central nervous system, kidney, liver, gallbladder, Head and neck, mouth, thyroid, skin, mucous membrane, gland, blood vessels, bone tissue, lymph nodes, lungs, esophagus, stomach, breast, pancreas, eyes, nasopharynx, uterus, ovary, endometrium, cervix, prostate Primary or metastatic cancer or sarcoma or carcinosarcoma of the bladder, colon, rectum.
  • the scented horses were extracted from the wood leaves with 8 times weight of 60% ethanol under reflux for 3 times, each time for 1.5 hours, and then combined to obtain a scent of horse saponin extract after filtration; Obtaining a stinky horse wood concentrate; adjusting the pH of the stinky horse wood concentrate with hydrochloric acid to a pH of 5 of the stinky horse wood concentrate; and then using pH-adjusted stinky horse wood with ethyl acetate
  • the concentrated liquid was extracted three times, and the extract phase was combined to obtain a camptothecin crude extract; a 70% aqueous acetone solution was added to the obtained camptothecin crude extract, stirred uniformly, and then statically filtered for 20 hours to obtain the first a filter cake and a first filtrate; adding a 3 times volume ratio of a 1:20 mixture of fatty alcohol and methyl chloride to a portion of the first filter cake, stirring uniformly, and then standing for 10 hours for suction filtration to obtain a second filter a cake and a
  • the first 9-methoxycamptothecin crude product was obtained after recovering the solvent in the first filtrate obtained in Example 1; and 5 parts by volume of a fatty alcohol having a volume ratio of 1:20 was added to another portion of the first filter cake. Ethyl acetate, stirred uniformly and then left to stand for 10 hours for suction filtration to obtain a third filter cake and a third filtrate, and recovering the solvent in the third filtrate to obtain a crude crude 9-methoxycamptothecin; The crude 9-methoxycamptothecin is combined with the crude 9-methoxycamptothecin, and the crude 9-methoxysalkine is purified by cation exchange resin to obtain 9 - methoxycamptothecin.
  • Example 3 Preparation of Stinky Wood Water Extract
  • Example 4 Drug compatibility test of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin
  • the drug was divided into a mixed group and an unmixed group as controls, and placed at these three temperatures.
  • the samples were evaluated on the first day, the second day, the seventh day, the 14th day, the 30th day for color, physical properties, chemical stability (by color analysis), and each active ingredient was active under all storage conditions.
  • the degree of recovery (% mixed group/% control group) camptothecin was 97.0% to 102.7%
  • 9-methoxycamptothecin was 98.3% to 103.6%.
  • Example 5 Inhibition of proliferation of LLC-1 cells and CCD19LU cells by camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin
  • LLC-1 lung cancer cells
  • CCD19LU pulmonary normal cells
  • the cell suspension was seeded in a 96-well cell culture plate at 200 microliters per well; the blank group was a group of 200 microliters of cell-free medium added per well.
  • the 96-well cell culture plate inoculated with the above cells was placed in a cell culture incubator overnight to allow the cells to adhere.
  • Different proportions of the pharmaceutical composition were dissolved in DMSO, and each was prepared as a storage solution of 100 mmol, and then diluted to a different concentration (less than 0.1% of DMSO) of the sample solution with the corresponding medium before use. Add 200 ⁇ l of different ratios of the pharmaceutical composition solutions (1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and B:8) to 0.1 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, respectively.
  • 96-well cell culture plates of different concentrations and different concentrations of the pharmaceutical composition solutions (1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:8) were cultured in a cell culture incubator for 72 hours. Thereafter, 20 ⁇ l of 0.5 mg/ml of thiazole blue (MTT) was added to each well of the above-mentioned 96-well cell culture plate, and then the culture was continued in a cell culture incubator.
  • MTT thiazole blue
  • 96-well cell culture plates co-incubated with MTT were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes in a high speed centrifuge. After centrifugation, the supernatant in a 96-well cell culture plate was removed, and then the formazan blue crystals formed at the bottom of the 96-well plate were dissolved by adding 200 ⁇ l of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to each well.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • the 96-well cell culture plate with DMSO was shaken on a plate shaker for 5 minutes, and the OD value (reference wavelength was 490 nm) was measured at 570 nm using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to calculate the inhibition rate and IC 5Q. (half the inhibition rate).
  • Inhibition rate% (A-Ao) I (A-Ai ) l00%
  • A represents the OD value of the control group
  • AO represents the OD value of the sample group
  • A1 represents the OD value of the blank group.
  • Table 1 camptothecin and 9-methoxy-camptothecin and 50 LLC1 CCD19LU values of IC
  • Table 1 shows that when the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin in the pharmaceutical composition is 1:5, not only can the proliferation of tumor cells be inhibited at a lower effective drug concentration, but also normal. There was no significant inhibition of the growth of lung tissue fibroblasts.
  • Example 6 Inhibition of Proliferation of Various Cell Lines in Vitro by Pharmaceutical Compositions
  • the experimental method is the same as that of Example 5, except that the pharmaceutical composition for detecting the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin of 1:5 is used to inhibit the proliferation of different tumor cell lines, and the selected cell strain is selected.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for detecting the ratio of camptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin of 1:5 is used to inhibit the proliferation of different tumor cell lines, and the selected cell strain is selected.
  • Bel-7402 human liver cancer cells
  • HepG2 human liver cancer cells
  • human rectal cancer cells human rectal cancer cells
  • LoVo human colorectal cancer cells
  • Panc-1 human pancreatic cancer cells
  • EC109 human esophageal cancer cells
  • KB human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
  • HL-60 human leukemia cells
  • the experimental method is the same as in Example 5, except that the selected cell is Bel-7402 (human liver cancer cell); Bel-7402/5-Fu;
  • the pharmaceutical composition has a good inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of the resistant Bel-7402/5-Fu and the non-resistant tumor cell line Bel-7402;
  • the inhibitory effect of 9-methoxycamptothecin on the proliferation of drug-resistant Bel-7402/5-Fu tumor cell line was 10 times to 20 times lower than that of non-resistant tumor cell line Bel-7402 tumor cell line.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has a unique advantage in anti-tumor resistance and is a promising potential drug.
  • Example 8 Inhibition of drug composition on proliferation of anti-tumor stem cell lines in vitro
  • the model control group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline every other day;
  • Camptothecin: 9-methoxycamptothecin 1:5); Camptothecin group was intraperitoneally injected with camptothecin 5 mg/kg every other day.
  • Tumor inhibition rate% (mean tumor weight in model group - mean tumor weight in administration group) / average tumor weight in model group xl 00%
  • camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were pulverized with a water-stained extract of P. sylvestris, and after passing through a 120 mesh sieve, a ratio of 1:5 was used.
  • camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin obtained from Examples 1 and 2, respectively, was dissolved in distilled water for injection at 60 degrees Celsius using a water-stain extract of Streptomyces sinensis as a substrate at a weight ratio of 1:5. ⁇ 70 degrees Celsius, the relative density is 1.10 -1.20 extract, add 3 grams of polysorbate-80, 10 ml of 10% sodium bisulfite, 8 ml of 3% mannitol and 7 ml of 3% dextran, and add to 800 with distilled water for injection.

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Abstract

提供了药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。其中,所述药物组合物包括喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐、9-甲氧基喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐、以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。

Description

抗癌药物组合物及其制备方法和用途
优先权信息
无。 技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域, 具体地, 涉及抗癌药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。 背景技术
癌症是当前世界范围内严重影响人类健康、 威胁人类生命的疾病之一, 在世界所 有国家的死亡原因中名列前三位, 是我国仅次于心血管病的第二大死亡原因。 近年来, 肿瘤化疗取得了很大的进步, 但对危害人类生命健康最严重的、 占恶性肿瘤 90%以上 的实体瘤的治疗效果不尽人意;绝大多数抗肿瘤药物在抑制或杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时, 不 可避免地对正常组织、 器官产生损害或毒性作用, 给患者带来痛苦, 甚至导致死亡。 因此, 开发与研究新型有效的抗肿瘤药物是医药科研领域的重大课题和长期任务。 发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一。 为此, 本发明的目的在于 提出一种具有可以有效预防和治疗癌症的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。
本发明是基于发明人以下的事实发现的, 越来越多的研究表明, 拓扑异构酶是直 接控制癌细胞生死存亡的酶, 只要能清除它, 癌细胞就会死亡。 而临床上喜树碱能够 抑制、 破坏拓扑异构酶的活性, 杀死癌细胞的效果显著。 但是, 通常从喜树获得的喜 树碱毒性较高, 高剂量或者长期使用喜树碱可引起食欲不振、 恶心、 呕吐、 胃肠炎, 抑制骨髓细胞的生长, 引起出血性膀胱炎, 出现尿频、 尿痛及血尿等症状, 并引起口 腔粘膜感染和脱发等不良反应。 由此, 很多研究以降低其毒性为目的对喜树碱的结构 进行了化学修饰, 从而得到了一系列的化合物, 其中包括 9-甲氧基喜树碱等, 然而尽 管其毒性有所降低, 但杀死肿瘤细胞的效果却没有进行结构修饰前的喜树碱好。 因此, 本发明的发明人在此基础上进行了一系列的实验研究, 首先是从臭马比木中分离纯化 出喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱、 及包括亚油酸、 东莨菪素、二氧嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶、植物甾醇、 葫芦巴碱及多种维生素、 氨基酸等活性成分在内的臭马比木水溶性提取物; 进而提出了一 种包括臭马比木水溶性提取物及不同比例喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物, 从而 达到有效杀死肿瘤细胞却不损伤正常细胞的理想效果。
由此, 本发明的第一个方面提供了一种药物组合物, 包括: 喜树碱或其药学上可 接受的盐, 9-甲氧基喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐, 以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。根据 本发明实施例的药物组合物在预防或治疗癌症方面的作用非常显著, 并且该药物组合 物在治疗癌症方面的组合作用效果优于单一使用喜树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 并且相同 剂量下其毒副作用明显低于喜树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 因此臭马比木水溶性提取物与喜 树碱及 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物具有明显的协同增效减毒的作用。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种制备上述药物组合物的方法。 所述方法包括: 将 臭马比木树叶进行加醇提取, 以便获得喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱和臭马比木树叶残渣; 将 所获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树按照预定比例进行混合, 以便获得混合物; 以及向所述混 合物中加入药学上可接受的赋形剂从而获得所述药物组合物。 由此, 根据本发明的制备药 物组合物的方法, 可以高效地获得有效成分为喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物, 该 药物组合物可以用于特异性地治疗癌症。
本发明的第三个方面提供了上述药物组合物在制备药物中的用途, 所述药物用于 治疗或者预防癌症。 根据本发明实施例的药物组合物的用途, 在预防或治疗癌症方面 的作用非常显著, 并且该药物组合物在治疗癌症方面的组合作用效果优于单一使用喜 树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 并且相同剂量下其毒副作用明显低于喜树碱及 9-甲氧基喜树 碱,因此臭马比木水提取物与喜树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物具有明显的协同增 效减毒作用。
下面的描述中将会涉及本发明的部分特点, 然后会通过实施例描述本发明的其它 等多的特点。 发明详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的实施例。 需要说明的是, 所描述的实施例是示例性的, 仅 用于解释本发明, 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
近年来, 肿瘤化疗取得了很大的进步, 但对危害人类生命健康最严重的、 占恶性 肿瘤 90%以上的实体瘤的治疗效果不尽人意; 绝大多数抗肿瘤药物在抑制或杀伤肿瘤 细胞的同时, 不可避免地对正常组织、 器官产生损害或毒性作用, 给患者带来痛苦, 甚至导致死亡。 因此, 开发与研究新型有效的抗肿瘤药物是医药科研领域的重大课题 和长期任务。
临床上用于治疗恶性肿瘤的药物主要有烷化剂、 抗代谢抗肿瘤药、 抗肿瘤抗生素、 抗肿瘤血管生成药、 抗肿瘤植物药和其它药物六大类, 约有几百种。 目前, 抗肿瘤植 物药已成为抗肿瘤用药的主体, 约占 41%的市场份额, 这与该类药的毒副作用相对较 小有关。 因此, 研究开发出毒副作用低、 疗效显著、 价格适中的天然抗肿瘤药物, 是 植物药开发的一个重要课题。
我国的药用植物物种资源丰富, 含抗癌活性成分的物种有 200种左右, 迄今已通 过肿瘤细胞株及动物移植性肿瘤筛选的植物单体成分已超过 4000余种。 植物来源药物 在化学结构和作用机制方面均具有多样性; 同时, 长期以来中医治疗肿瘤的研究已积 累丰富的资料和经验, 有助于开发和研制植物来源的抗肿瘤新药。
但迄今为止, 临床上能独立担当抗癌主角的植物药尚不多见。 自上世纪 60年代以 来的半个多世纪里, 国内外药学研究人员先后开发上市了包括长春花碱系列、 紫杉醇 类、 喜树碱系列、 鬼白毒素类、 三尖杉酯碱、 鸦胆子提取物、 薏苡仁提取物、 莪术提 取物等在内的多个植物来源的抗癌药物。 据统计, 植物来源抗癌药物的销售额合计已 占国际抗癌药物市场的半壁江山, 而且仍在不断增长之中。
在形形色色的植物抗癌药中, 紫杉醇尤其令人瞩目。 紫杉醇具有专门针对癌细胞 微管蛋白有丝分裂的靶向作用,对正常细胞无影响, 而且对晚期卵巢癌、何杰 金斯症、 卡波济氏肉瘤和晚期非小细胞肺癌等恶性肿瘤有一定疗效, 故自 1992年上市后迅速风 靡全球, 并由此创造了化疗药物的新纪录。 在众多抗肿瘤药中, 天然植物类抗肿瘤药 所占的比重最大。 比如, 在 1 1个亚类的抗肿瘤药中, 市场份额最大的是植物药, 占整 个市场的 23.1 %。紫杉系列的植物药和抗代谢药在临床中的应用程度较高,其中抗肿瘤 植物药主要为多西他赛和紫杉醇, 分别占抗肿瘤植物药的 44.92%和 44.36%。 在单品排 名前 10位的抗肿瘤药中, 占据了两强席位。 全世界的紫杉醇类植物抗癌药基本上都是 由美国的施贵宝垄断。
以紫杉醇为代表的植物抗癌药的成功极大地激发了世界药学界开发植物抗癌药的 热情。 喜树碱衍生物类化合物已成为继紫杉醇之后另一种天然植物来源的最重要的抗 癌药。 喜树碱是 1966年由美国的 WALL等从我国植物喜树中提取出的具有抗肿瘤活 性的一种生物碱。 它虽然对胃肠道肿瘤、 膀胱癌、 肝癌和白血病等恶性肿瘤均有一定 疗效, 但由于水溶性较差, 会引起骨髓抑制、 呕吐、 腹泻和严重的出血性膀胱炎等毒 副作用, 其临床应用严重受限。 随后的十多年间, 相关研究大大减少。 直到 1985年, HSIANG等阐明了喜树碱抑制拓扑异构酶 I(TOPO I)的作用机制,才又掀起了研制高效、 低毒的喜树碱衍生物的高潮, 对喜树碱进行了多样的结构修饰, 大量衍生物应运而生, 有的已应用于临床, 取得了满意的治疗效果; 如依利替康 (Irinotecan, CPT-1 1)和拓扑 替康 (Topotecan, TPT) , 有的还在进行临床试验。 由美国 Supergen 开发的卢比替康 (Rubitecan, 9-NC)曾被称为新一代半合成喜树碱衍生物, 它对实体瘤具有广泛的抑瘤 活性, 且对血液肿瘤亦有显著疗效, 可口服、 毒性颇低。 目前美国、 日本、 法国、 德 国、 韩国和意大利的喜树碱及其衍生物研究在世界上处于领先。
由此可见, 国际植物抗癌药的成功令人鼓舞, 但中国在植物抗癌药的发展中, 则 几乎没有做出有自主知识产权的产品。 虽然中药以植物药为主, 中国人却与这些本来 产于国内的植物抗癌药的开发无缘。 一直以来, 由于缺乏拥有自主知识产权的抗癌药, 国内癌症患者不得不一直依赖价格高昂的进口药缓解病情; 国内的化学药物更有 97 % 是仿制而来; 没有自己的 "东西" 只能受制于人, 老牌植物药的价格常让患者望而却 步。 以紫杉醇药物为例, 一支 80mg的多西紫杉醇注射用粉针剂价格约 2500元, 普通 家庭的患者, 往往只能被迫选择停止治疗。 近年来, 中国医药制造业正加强对研发的 投入力度, 正从简单的仿制向自主创新的产业方向发展。 对于市场前景极好的抗肿瘤 植物药而言, 国内制药企业已经把研发重点专注于这一领域。 植物抗肿瘤药物市场的 快速增长, 激发出国内药企持续高涨的研发热情, 植物抗肿瘤药研发已成为国内企业 抢占肿瘤治疗领域的制高点。
发明人通过对臭马比木植物中活性成分进行充分的研究发现, 臭马比木中含有许 多喜树碱类似物, 具有比较好的抗肿瘤活性和较低的毒副作用。 发明人在前期研究中 发现, 臭马比木除含有丰富的喜树碱外, 还含有一定量的 9-甲氧基喜树碱和 9-甲氧基 -18, 19-脱氢喜树碱和 10-羟基喜树碱等喜树碱类似物。 通过对各肿瘤细胞的实验证实, 对多种不同肿瘤细胞的增殖都具有显著的抑制活性。 利用流式细胞检测 9-甲氧基喜树 碱、 喜树碱和 10-羟基喜树碱 (非对映异构体) 对肿瘤凋亡过程的影响, 结果表明, 9- 甲氧基喜树碱诱导 S 180腹水瘤细胞早期凋亡率显著高于其他成分, 凋亡率为 66.46%, MTT法测得 9-甲氧基喜树碱的 IC5Q为 0.385微摩 。 采用 quantitative Real-time PCR分 析 9-甲氧基喜树碱处理的小鼠 S 180腹水瘤细胞表明, Bax mRNA 水平显著上升, Bcl-2 蛋白水平呈下降趋势, 导致 Bax/Bcl-2比例显著上升; 同时发现 9-甲氧基喜树碱具有调 节细胞凋亡信号 Bax/Bcl-2上升引起细胞凋亡;基于 9-甲氧基喜树碱具有显著靶向诱导 癌细胞凋亡作用和抗癌活性, 其有望发展成为抗癌新药。 因此, 本发明的发明人在此基础上进行了一系列的实验研究, 从而提出了一种包 括臭马比木水提取物和不同比例的喜树碱及 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物,从而达到有 效杀死肿瘤细胞却不损伤正常细胞的理想效果。
由此, 本发明的第一个方面提供了一种药物组合物。 根据本发明实施例的药物组 合物包括: 喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐; 9-甲氧基喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐; 以 及药学上可接受的赋形剂。 根据本发明实施例的药物组合物在预防或治疗癌症方面的 作用非常显著, 并且该药物组合物在治疗癌症方面的组合作用效果优于单一使用喜树 碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱的效果, 并且相同剂量下其毒副作用明显低于喜树碱或 9-甲氧基 喜树碱, 因此喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物具有明显的协同增效减毒的作用。
这里所使用的术语 "药学上可以接受的盐" 是指药物化学领域常用的盐形式, 即 实质上是无毒的并且能提供所需药代动力学特性、 可口性、 吸收、 分布、 代谢或排泄 作用的盐形式, 可以为常见的酸加成盐或者碱加成盐。
根据本发明的一些实施例, 喜树碱药学上可接受的盐可以为选自盐酸盐、 硫酸盐、 甲酸盐、 乙酸盐、 丁酸盐、 苯甲酸盐、 富马酸盐、 马来酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 2,5-二羟基苯 甲酸盐、 甲磺酸盐、 乙磺酸盐、 苯磺酸盐、 对甲苯磺酸盐和月桂基磺酸盐中的任意一 种。 由此, 本发明实施例的喜树碱的盐比较稳定, 可以与本发明实施例的药物组合物中 的另一有效成分 9-甲氧基喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐容合在一起形成可以有效治疗或预 防癌症的药物组合物。
根据本发明的另一些具体实施例, 9-甲氧基喜树碱药学上可接受的盐可以为选自盐 酸盐、 硫酸盐、 乙酸盐、 苯甲酸盐、 富马酸盐、 马来酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 2,5-二羟基苯甲 酸盐、 甲磺酸盐、 乙磺酸盐、 苯磺酸盐、 对甲苯磺酸盐、 月桂基磺酸盐、 氢醌磺酸盐 和氢溴酸盐中的任意一种。 由此, 本发明实施例的 9-甲氧基喜树碱的盐比较稳定, 可 以与本发明实施例的药物组合物中的另一有效成分喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐容合在一 起形成可以有效治疗或预防癌症的药物组合物。
根据本发明的实施例, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例并不受特别限制, 只要可 以有效地对癌症动物模型和临床癌症病例起到治疗作用, 本领域技术人员可以根据模 型或病例的具体情况进行适当配比, 根据本发明的具体实施例, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜 树碱的比例可以为 1 :2〜8, 优选地, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例可以为 1 :4〜6。 由 此, 该药物组合物可以更加有效地治疗癌症。 根据本发明一个优选的实施例, 喜树碱 与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例为 1 :5, 以该比例进行配比的药物组合物可以达到最显著的治 疗效果。
根据本发明实施例的药物组合物可以进一步包括臭马比木水提取物, 该水提取物 的有效活性成分包括但不限于: 亚油酸、 东莨菪素、 二氧嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶、 植物 醇、 葫 芦巴碱以及多种维生素和氨基酸。 上述臭马比木水溶性成份配合本发明实施例的药物组合 物可以降低药物组合物的毒副作用, 进一步提高药物组合物对于癌症的预防和治疗效果, 并对机体免疫力起到协调作用。
根据本发明的实施例, 所述药物组合物呈药学上可接受的任意剂型中至少一种。 根据本发明的具体实施例, 所述药物组合物呈固体制剂或液体制剂, 例如可以呈散剂、 颗粒剂、 偏剂、 胶囊剂、 丸剂、 膏剂、 喷雾剂、 滴剂、 搽剂、 贴剂、 口服液、 注射剂、 缓 释制剂和控释制剂中的至少一种。 由此, 该药物组合物可以有效地以各种剂型形式进入 机体作用, 作用于恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞, 以多种途 径提高治疗恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞的效果, 从而对癌 症起到预防和治疗的作用。
根据本发明的实施例, 药物组合物可以呈经胃肠道给药剂型和非经肠道给药剂型。 根据本发明的实施例, 所述经胃肠道给药剂型为所述药物组合物经口服用后进入胃肠 道, 在给药部位起局部作用或经吸收而发挥功效的制剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 所述 非经胃肠道给药剂型为所述药物组合物除口服给药途径以外在给药部位起局部作用或 被吸收后发挥功效的制剂。 由此, 药物组合物可以以各种适宜且便捷的形式给人体服 用, 作用于恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞, 以多种途径提高 治疗恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞的效果, 从而对癌症起到 预防和治疗的作用。
在这里所使用的术语 "药学上可以接受的赋形剂" 可以包括任何药学上可以使用 的常见赋形剂, 例如包括但不限于粘合剂、 填充剂、 涂膜聚合物、 增塑剂、 助流剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂和释放速度调节剂。
本发明第二个方面的实施例提供了一种制备上述药物组合物的方法。 所述方法包 括: 将臭马比木树叶进行加醇提取, 以便获得喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱和臭马比木树叶残 渣; 将所获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树按照预定比例进行混合, 以便获得混合物; 以及向 所述混合物中加入药学上可接受的赋形剂从而获得药物组合物。 由此, 根据本发明的制备 药物组合物的方法, 可以高效地获得有效成分为喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物, 该药物组合物可以用于特异性地治疗癌症。 根据本发明的实施例, 将臭马比木树叶进行加醇提取的方法并不受特别限制, 只要可 以有效地从臭马比木树叶中提取出喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 可以为本领域常用的各种醇 提取方法, 根据本发明的具体施实例, 从臭马比木树叶中提取喜树碱的方法包括但不限于 以下步骤: 将臭马比木树叶用 8倍重量的 40-80%乙醇进行加热回流提取 1次〜 3次, 每次 0.5 小时〜 2 小时, 过滤后合并以便获得所述臭马比木醇提取液; 将所述臭马比木醇提取液 进行第一浓縮, 以便获得第一浓縮液; 利用盐酸将所述第一浓縮液进行 pH 调节, 其中, 所述经过 pH调节的第一浓縮液的 pH为 3〜6; 利用乙酸乙酯依次对经过 pH调节的第一浓 縮液进行 2次〜 3次萃取, 合并萃取相以便获得喜树碱粗提浸膏; 向所获得的喜树碱粗提浸 膏中加入 70%的丙酮水溶液, 搅拌均匀后静止 20小时进行抽滤, 从而获得第一滤饼和第一 滤液;然后向一部分第一滤饼中加入脂肪醇与氯代甲烷,搅拌均匀后静止 10小时进行抽滤, 以便获得第二滤饼和第二滤液, 所获得的第二滤饼为喜树碱粗品, 其中脂肪醇与氯代甲烷 的体积比为 1 :20; 最后利用阳离子交换树脂对所获得的喜树碱粗品进行纯化, 以便获得喜 树碱。 由此, 可以提高从臭马比木树叶中提取喜树碱的效率, 并且所获的喜树碱纯度比较 高, 从而进一步与 9-甲氧基喜树碱配合在一起形成本发明的药物组合物, 用于治疗癌症等 相关疾病。
根据本发明的实施例, 从臭马比木树叶中提取 9-甲氧基喜树碱的方法并不受特别限 制, 只要可以有效地从臭马比木树叶中提取出 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 可以为本领域常用的各种 提取方法, 根据本发明的具体施实例, 从臭马比木树叶中提取 9-甲氧基喜树碱的方法包括 但不限于以下步骤: 回收提取喜树碱过程中所获得的第一滤液中的溶剂后获得第一 9-甲氧 基喜树碱粗品; 向另一部分第一滤饼中加入脂肪醇与乙酸乙酯, 搅拌均匀后静止 10小时进 行抽滤, 以便获得第三滤饼和第三滤液, 回收第三滤液中的溶剂后获得第二 9-甲氧基喜树 碱粗品; 以及合并第一 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品和第二 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品后, 利用阳离子交 换树脂对经过合并的 9-甲氧基树碱粗品进行纯化, 以便获得 9-甲氧基喜树碱。 由此, 可以 提高从马比木树叶中提取 9-甲氧基喜树碱的效率,并且所获的 9-甲氧基喜树碱纯度比较高, 从而进一步与喜树碱配合在一起形成本发明的药物组合物, 用于治疗癌症等相关疾病。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述方法中将所获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树按照预定比例进 行混合从而获得的混合物可以进一步包括臭马比木水提取物。 根据本发明的实施例, 臭马 比木水提取物的制备方法并不受特别限制, 只要可以从醇提取臭马比木树叶后的残渣中进 一步提取出剩余的水溶性有效成分, 可以为本领域常用的各种水提取方法, 根据本发明的 具体实施例, 将臭马比木树叶残渣进行加水提取的步骤可以包括但不限于: 将醇提法剩余 的臭马比木树叶残渣用 5〜10倍重量的水煎煮 1次〜 3次, 每次 0.5小时〜 3小时, 过滤后合 并以便获得粗提液; 然后将粗提液进行第二浓縮, 以便获得第二浓縮液; 以及将所获得的 第二浓縮液进行纯化, 以便获得臭马比木水提取物。 根据本发明的实施例, 上述臭马比木 水提取物中的有效活性成分包括但不限于: 亚油酸、 东莨菪素、 二氧嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶、 植 物甾醇、 葫芦巴碱以及多种维生素和氨基酸。
根据本发明的实施例, 以臭马比木水溶性提取物为基质, 将喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜 树碱进行混合的预定比例并不受特别限制, 只要可以有效地对癌症动物模型和临床癌 症病例起到治疗作用, 本领域技术人员可以根据模型或病例的具体情况进行适当配比, 根据本发明的具体实施例, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例可以为 1 :2〜8, 优选地, 喜 树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例可以为 1 :4〜6。 由此, 该药物组合物可以更加有效地治疗 癌症。 根据本发明一个优选的实施例, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例为 1 :5。 以该比 例进行配比的药物组合物可以达到最显著的治疗效果。
本发明第三个方面的实施例提供了上述药物组合物在制备药物中的用途, 所述药 物用于治疗或者预防癌症。 根据本发明实施例的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途, 在 预防或治疗癌症方面的作用非常显著, 并且该药物在治疗癌症方面的组合作用效果优 于单一使用喜树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱的效果, 并且相同剂量下其毒副作用明显低于喜 树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 因此喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物组合物配合臭马比木水 溶性提取物具有明显的协同增效减毒的作用。
这里所使用的术语 "治疗" 是指治疗方法, 是指为使有生命的人体或者动物体恢 复或获得健康或减少痛苦, 进行阻断、 缓解或者消除病因或病灶的过程。
根据本发明的实施例, 药物组合物的有效成分以治疗有效剂量存在于药学上可接受的 赋形剂中, 治疗有效剂量为人体吸收后能产生所需效果响应的量, 可容易地由本领域技术 人员确定。 在确定该剂量时, 如本领域技术领域所知, 必须考虑所施用的具体药物组合物 的生物利用率特性、 给药方案、 患者的年龄和体重以及其他因素。
根据本发明的实施例, 所述用于抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。 通过抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖, 从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长, 进而达到治疗癌症的目的。
根据本发明的实施例, 所述肿瘤细胞为恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶 性肿瘤干细胞。 由此, 利用本发明的药物组合物, 可以有效的抑制恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐 药性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞的生长, 从而达到治疗癌症的效果。
根据本发明的实施例, 所述恶性肿瘤细胞为选自肝癌细胞、 肺癌细胞、 胃癌细胞、 卵巢癌细胞、 乳腺癌细胞、 宫颈癌细胞、 前列腺癌细胞、 直肠癌细胞、 结直肠癌细胞、 胰腺癌细胞、 食道癌细胞、 鼻咽癌细胞及血癌细胞至少一种。 由此, 利用本发明的药 物组合物, 可以有效地抑制各种肿瘤细胞的生长, 从而治疗各种类型的癌症。
根据本发明的实施例, 使用该药物组合物的途径也不受特别限制。 例如根据本发明的 具体实施例, 施用所制备的药物组合物方式可以为肠胃外施用 (如皮内、 肌内、 腹膜内、 静脉内和皮下), 硬膜外施用, 瘤内施用和粘膜施用 (如鼻内和经口途径)。 根据本发明的 实施例, 该药物组合物可以是全身施用或局部施用。 由此, 该药物组合物可以有效地通过 各种途径进行施用, 到达并作用于肿瘤细胞中的拓扑异构酶, 从而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 并进一步损伤肿瘤细胞的 DNA、 RNA, 从而影响肿瘤细胞增殖过程中的信号转导以及 遗传信息的翻译过程, 由此可以有效地杀死肿瘤细胞, 治疗癌症。
根据本发明的具体实施例, 该药物组合物可以局部施用在需要治疗的区域。 根据本发 明的具体实施例, 该药物组合物可以通过例如但不限于局部输注、 注射或通过植入物来完 成。 根据本发明的实施例, 该植入物为多孔或无孔材料, 包括膜和基质, 例如硅橡胶膜、 聚合物、 纤维基质 (例如, Tissuel®)或胶原基质。 由此, 该药物组合物可以有效地通过各 种途径进行施用, 到达并作用于肿瘤细胞中的拓扑异构酶, 从而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 并 进一步损伤肿瘤细胞的 DNA、 RNA, 从而影响肿瘤细胞增殖过程中的信号转导以及遗 传信息的翻译过程, 由此可以有效地杀死肿瘤细胞, 治疗癌症。
散剂 (Powders)也称粉剂, 是指药物与适宜的辅料经粉碎、 均匀混合而制成的干燥粉末 状制剂, 可供内服和外用。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成散剂的方法并不受 特别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的散剂制备技术, 根据本发明的一些实施例, 将本发明的 药物组合物中的有效活性成分分别粉碎后, 与散剂辅料均匀混合, 分装并包装后获得本发 明的药物组合物的散剂。 由于散剂比表面积较大, 因而具有易于分散, 利于敷布吸收, 奏 效快; 制备方法简便, 剂量容易控制, 药质比较稳定; 适于小儿服用; 运输携带比较方便。
颗粒剂(Granules)是将药物与适宜的辅料配合而制成的颗粒状制剂, 一般可分为可溶 性颗粒剂、 混悬型颗粒剂和泡腾性颗粒剂, 其主要特点是可以直接吞服, 也可以冲入水中 饮入, 应用和携带比较方便, 溶出和吸收速度较快。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物 制备成颗粒剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的制备技术, 例如根据本发明 的具体实施例, 预先将根据本发明实施例的方法提取出的药物组合物的活性成分进行粉碎 和过筛处理, 加入颗粒剂辅料混合均匀后进行制粒, 然后对所获得的粗颗粒进行干燥处理, 再将干燥后的粗颗粒进行整粒处理, 然后经分级处理后进行包衣和分装, 从而获得本发明 的药物组合物颗粒剂。 其中分级处理是指先再按照粒度规格的上限要求, 将经过整理的颗 粒过一号筛, 并将不能通过的部分进行适当粉碎; 然后再按照粒度规格的下限要求, 将经 过筛选的颗粒过四号筛以除去粉末部分。 根据本发明的实施例, 颗粒剂辅料的种类并不受 特别限制, 例如包括但不限于, 稀释剂、 润湿剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 助流剂、 矫味剂和着 色剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 进行制粒的方法可以为干法制粒技术和湿法制粒技术, 其中 湿法制粒技术可以包括但不限于, 挤出制粒法、 快速搅拌制粒法、 流化喷雾制粒法和喷雾 干燥制粒法; 干法制粒技术可以包括但不限于, 滚压法制粒和重压法制粒。 根据本发明的 具体实施例, 当制成缓、 控释颗粒, 可以在药物组合物中加入可以调节药物释放速度的骨 架材料或者缓、 控释膜, 从而制成缓、 控释颗粒, 封装得缓、 控释颗粒剂。 由此, 制成颗 粒剂的本发明的药物组合物吸收快、 显效迅速, 并且服用方便, 口感良好。
胶囊剂(capsules)系指将药物填装于空心胶囊中或密封于弹性软质胶囊中而制成的固 体制剂, 其中胶囊剂的种类主要有硬胶囊剂、 软胶囊剂和肠溶胶囊剂。 根据本发明的一些 实施例, 制成硬胶囊剂的囊壳材料可以包括主要成囊材料明胶、 增塑剂和水, 还可以包括 或不包括增稠剂、 遮光剂、 着色剂、 防腐剂和芳香剂中。 其中主要成囊材料明胶可以来源 于骨胶或皮胶, 增塑剂可以增加胶囊壳的韧性和可塑性以保持其弹性、 柔软性, 例如包括 但不限于甘油、 山梨醇、 CMC-Na、 HPC 和油酸酰胺磺酸钠。 根据本发明的一些实施例, 将本发明的药物组合物制成硬胶囊剂的方法包括分别制备药物组合物的有效活性成分和空 胶囊, 然后将所获得的药物组合物的有效活性成分填充于所获得的空胶囊, 封口后进行抛 光和包装, 从而获得本发明药物组合物的胶囊剂。 其中, 将所获得的药物组合物的有效活 性成分填充于所获得的空胶囊的填充形式并不受特别限制, 只要不会影响本发明的药物组 合物的活性并且不会造成胶囊壳的变质, 可以采用本领域常用的各种胶囊剂填充形式, 例 如可以将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分直接填充于空胶囊中; 也可以将本发明的药 物组合物的有效活性成分加入适宜的辅料如稀释剂、 助流剂、 崩解剂等制成均匀的粉末、 颗粒或小片后填充于空胶囊中; 也可以将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分制成将普通 小丸、 速释小丸、 缓释小丸、 控释小丸或肠溶小丸单独填充或混合后填充于空胶囊中 (必 要时加入适量空白小丸作填充剂);还可以将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分制成包合 物、 固体分散体、 微囊或微球后填充于空胶囊中; 还可以将将本发明的药物组合物的有效 活性成分的溶液、 混悬液、 乳状液等也可采用特制灌囊机填充于空心胶囊中。 根据本发明 的具体实施例, 当制成缓、 控释胶囊剂时, 可在药物组合物中加入可以调节药物释放速度 的骨架材料或者缓、 控释膜, 以制成缓、 控释颗粒, 灌装后获得缓、 控释胶囊剂。 由此, 制成胶囊剂的药物组合物能掩盖药物不良嗅味并提高药物稳定性; 由于本发明的药物组合 物以粉末或颗粒状态直接填装于囊壳中, 不受压力等因素的影响, 所以在胃肠道中迅速分 散、 溶出和吸收, 其生物利用度将高于传统剂型; 并且可达到延缓药物的释放和定位释药 的效果。
片剂是药物与辅料均匀混合后压制而成的片状制剂。 片剂以口服普通片为主, 也有含 片、 舌下片、 口腔贴片、 咀嚼片、 分散片、 泡腾片、 阴道片、 速释或缓释或控释片与肠溶 片等。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成片剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以使用 本领域常规的制备技术, 将本发明的药物组合物的活性成分控制在 80 目〜 300 目。 根据本 发明的一些实施例, 将药物组合物制备成片剂的方法可以采用干轧法、 湿法或硫化喷雾等 制粒技术制粒后压片, 也可以采用将药物组合物直接粉碎过筛后进行压片。 根据本发明的 另一些实施例, 可以将药物组合物制备成单层片, 也可以将药物组合物制成双层片以及缓 控释片等本领域公知的片型。 根据本发明的具体实施例, 药物组合物片剂的片芯外面可以 包薄膜衣层或糖衣衣层也可以不包薄膜衣层或糖衣衣层。 此外, 在将药物组合物制备成片 剂的过程中也可以依据需要加入适量矫味剂, 以迎合不同口感的需求。 由此, 制成片剂的 本发明的药物组合物由于片剂内药物含量的差异较小, 因此可以提高给药剂量的准确性, 并且片剂形式的本发明药物组合物服用、 携带、 运输较方便, 适于机械化大生产, 成分较 低。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 将本发明的药物组合物制成片剂的方法不受特别限制, 可 以采用本领域常用的各种压片技术, 例如, 可以采用如下步骤将本发明的药物组合物制成 片剂: 将粉末状的药物组合物的各组分共混在一起, 送料进设备的冲模腔中, 该设备施加 压力以形成片剂。 可使用任何合适的压实设备, 包括但不限于常规的单冲式或旋转式压片 机。 在一个实施例中, 可通过用旋转式压片机进行压实来形成片剂。 通常, 将计量体积的 粉末充填进旋转式压片机的冲模腔中, 其中粉末是从送料器重力式送料或者机械式送料, 并且冲模腔作为 "模具台" 的一部分从填充位置旋转至压实位置。 在压实位置, 粉末在上 冲头和下冲头之间被压实, 然后所得的片剂通过下冲头从冲模腔被推出, 接着通过静止的 "引离棒 (take-off bar)"引导至注射斜槽。 有利的是, 直接压制工艺使得能尽量少用或不用 可能会对溶出有负面影响的水溶性非糖类聚合物粘结剂, 例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、海藻酸盐、 羟丙基纤维素、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 羟乙基纤维素。
根据本发明的又一个实施例, 可通过湿法制粒方法制备片剂, 其中可将赋形剂和湿粘 结剂溶液或分散体 (如含水熟淀粉糊或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液)混合并制粒。适用于湿法制粒的 设备包括低剪切混合机 (如行星混合机)、 高剪切混合机和流化床 (包括旋转流化床)。 然后可 对所得的粒状材料进行干燥, 并任选与另外的成分 (如赋形剂, 例如润滑剂、着色剂等)进行 干式混合。 最终的干共混物则适于通过前面段落中描述的方法进行压制。
根据本发明的一些实施例, 片剂可以是从基本上不含水溶性聚合物粘结剂和水合聚合 物的粉末制成的直接压制片剂。 本文所用的 "基本上不含"意思是少于 5%, 例如少于 1%, 例如少于 0.1%, 例如完全不含 (如, 0%) o 这对于保持速释溶出特性 (profile)、 使加工和材料 成本减至最低以及使片剂的物理和化学稳定性最佳是有利的。 该片剂可具有多种不同形状 中的其中一种。 例如, 片剂可成形为多面体, 例如立方体、 锥体、 棱柱体等; 或可具有带 某些非平坦面的空间图形的几何形状, 例如圆锥体、 截头圆锥体、 圆柱体、 球体、 轮环等。 在某些实施例中, 片剂具有一个或多个主表面。 例如, 片剂表面通常具有通过与压制机器 中的上冲头表面和下冲头表面接触而形成的相对的上表面和下表面。 在这类实施例中, 片 剂表面通常还包括位于上表面和下表面之间的 "腹带", 其通过与压制机器中的冲模壁接触 而形成。 片剂还可以是多层片剂。
根据本发明的一些实施例, 可药物组合物制备成多层片剂 (例如可制备双层或三层片 剂)。 在一个实施例中, 用粉末的第一部分填充片剂冲模, 将液体药物组合物注射进冲模腔 中, 任选第一次压制粉末床, 加入粉末的第二部分, 压制片剂, 从冲模弹出片剂。 在一个 实施例中, 粉末的第二部分具有与粉末的第一部分相同的共混物组成。在另一个实施例中, 粉末的第二部分具有与粉末的第一部分不同的组成。 在一个实施例中, 粉末的第一部分含 有药物组合物, 粉末的第二部分含有另一不同的药物组合物。
如上面所论述的, 通过压制含有可药用载体的粉末来制造片剂。 载体可含有一种或多 种适用于配制片剂的赋形剂。 合适的赋形剂的例子包括但不限于: 填充剂、 吸附剂、 粘结 剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 助流剂、 调节释放的赋形剂、 甜味剂、 超级崩解剂、 风味剂和芳香 剂、 抗氧化剂、 质构增强剂以及它们的混合物。 合适的填充剂包括但不限于: 水溶性可压 縮碳水化合物例如糖类 (如, 右旋糖、 蔗糖、 麦芽糖和乳糖)、 淀粉类 (如, 玉米淀粉)、 糖醇 类 (如, 甘露糖醇、 山梨糖醇、 麦芽糖醇和木糖醇)、 淀粉水解物 (如, 糊精和麦芽糊精)和水 不溶性塑性变形性材料 (如,微晶纤维素或其他纤维素衍生物)以及它们的混合物。合适的吸 附剂 (如, 吸附液体药物组合物)包括但不限于: 水不溶性吸附剂如磷酸二钙、磷酸三钙、 硅 化微晶纤维素、 偏硅酸铝镁、 粘土类、 硅石类、 膨润土、 沸石类、 硅酸镁类、 水滑石、 胶 体硅酸镁铝以及它们的混合物。 合适的粘结剂包括但不限于: 干性粘结剂, 例如聚乙烯吡 咯烷酮和羟丙基甲基纤维素; 湿性粘结剂, 例如水溶性聚合物, 包括亲水胶体如金合欢树 胶、 海藻酸盐、 琼脂、 瓜耳胶、 刺槐豆胶、 卡拉胶、 羧甲基纤维素、 塔拉胶、 阿拉伯树胶、 黄蓍胶、 果胶、 黄原胶、 结冷胶、 明胶、 麦芽糊精、 半乳甘露聚糖、 石耳素、 昆布多糖、 小核菌葡聚糖、 菊粉、 威兰胶、 鼠李胶、 菌胶团、 甲兰胶、 几丁质、 环糊精、 壳多糖、 聚 乙烯吡咯烷酮、 纤维素、 蔗糖、 淀粉等等以及它们的混合物。 合适的崩解剂包括但不限于: 羟基乙酸淀粉钠、 交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 交联羧甲基纤维素、 淀粉类、 微晶纤维素以及它 们的混合物。 合适的润滑剂包括但不限于: 长链脂肪酸以及它们的盐 (例如硬脂酸镁和硬脂 酸)、 滑石、 甘油酯、 蜡以及它们的混合物。 合适的助流剂包括但不限于胶态二氧化硅。 合 适的调节释放的赋形剂包括但不限于: 溶胀性可溶蚀亲水性材料、 不溶性可食用材料、 pH 依赖性聚合物以及它们的混合物。 适于用作调节释放的赋形剂的溶胀性可溶蚀亲水性材料 包括但不限于: 水溶胀性纤维素衍生物、 聚亚烷基二醇、 热塑性聚环氧烷、 丙烯酸类聚合 物、 亲水胶体、 粘土、 胶凝淀粉、 溶胀交联聚合物以及它们的混合物。 合适的水可溶胀性 纤维素衍生物的例子包括但不限于: 羧甲基纤维素钠、 交联羟丙基纤维素、 羟丙基纤维素 (HPc)、 羟丙基甲基纤维素 (HPMc)、 羟异丙基纤维素、 羟丁基纤维素、 羟苯基纤维素、 羟乙 基纤维素 (HEc)、 羟戊基纤维素、 羟丙乙基纤维素、 羟丙丁基纤维素和羟丙乙基纤维素以及 它们的混合物。 合适的聚亚烷基二醇的例子包括但不限于聚乙二醇。 合适的热塑性聚环氧 烷的例子包括但不限于聚环氧乙烷。 合适的丙烯酸类聚合物的例子包括但不限于: 甲基丙 烯酸钾一二乙烯基苯共聚物、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物。 合适的亲水胶体的例子包括但不限于: 海藻酸盐、 琼脂、 瓜耳胶、 刺槐豆胶、 k卡拉胶、 t 卡拉胶、 塔拉胶、 阿拉伯树胶、 黄蓍胶、 果胶、 黄原胶、 结冷胶、 麦芽糊精、 半乳甘露聚 糖、 石耳素、 昆布多糖、 小核菌葡聚糖、 阿拉伯树胶、 菊粉、 果胶、 明胶、 威兰胶、 鼠李 胶、 菌胶团、 甲兰胶、 几丁质、 环糊精、 壳聚糖以及它们的混合物。 合适的粘土的例子包 括但不限于蒙脱石类, 例如膨润土、 高岭土和合成锂皂石; 三硅酸镁; 硅酸镁铝以及它们 的混合物。 合适的胶化淀粉的例子包括但不限于: 酸水解淀粉、 溶胀淀粉 (例如羟基乙酸淀 粉钠及其衍生物)以及它们的混合物。 合适的溶胀交联聚合物的例子包括但不限于: 交联聚 乙烯吡咯烷酮、 交联琼脂和交联羧甲基纤维素钠以及它们的混合物。 适于用作调节释放的 赋形剂的不溶性可食用材料包括但不限于: 水不溶性聚合物和低熔点疏水性材料、 它们的 共聚物以及它们的混合物。 合适的水不溶性聚合物的例子包括但不限于: 乙基纤维素、 聚 乙烯醇、 聚乙酸乙烯酯、 聚己酸内酯、 乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、 丙烯酸酯、 甲基丙烯酸酯、 丙烯酸共聚物、它们的共聚物以及它们的混合物。合适的低熔点疏水性材料包括但不限于: 脂肪、 脂肪酸酯、 磷脂、 蜡以及它们的混合物。 合适的脂肪的例子包括但不限于: 氢化植 物油 (例如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉籽油、 氢化向日葵油和氢化大豆油)、 游离脂肪酸 和它们的盐以及它们的混合物。 合适的脂肪酸酯的例子包括但不限于: 蔗糖脂肪酸酯、 甘 油一酯、 甘油二酯和甘油三酯、 甘油基二十二烷酸酯、 甘油基棕榈酰硬脂酸酯、 甘油基单 硬脂酸酯、 甘油基三硬脂酸酯、 甘油基三月桂酸酯、 甘油基肉豆蔻酸酯、 GlyCOwax-932、 月桂酰聚乙二醇 -32甘油酯和硬脂酰聚乙二醇 -32甘油酯以及它们的混合物。 合适的磷脂的 例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、 磷脂酰丝氨酸、 磷脂酰肌醇、 磷脂酸以及它们的混合物。 合适的蜡 的例子包括但不限于: 巴西棕榈蜡、 鲸蜡、 蜂蜡、 小烛树蜡、 紫胶蜡、 微晶蜡和石蜡; 含 脂肪的混合物如巧克力以及它们的混合物。 适用做调节释放的赋形剂的 pH 依赖性聚合物 包括但不限于: 肠溶性纤维素衍生物, 例如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、 乙酸羟丙基 甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、 乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素; 天然树脂, 例如紫胶和玉米醇溶蛋白; 肠 溶性乙酸酯衍生物, 例如聚乙酸邻苯二甲酸乙烯酯、 乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、 乙醛二甲基 乙酸纤维素; 以及肠溶性丙烯酸酯衍生物, 例如基于聚甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物的聚 (甲基丙 烯酸, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 )1 : 2和聚 (甲基丙烯酸, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 )1: 1, 以及它们的混合物。 合适的甜味剂的例子包括但不限于: 合成的或天然的糖类、 三氯蔗糖、 糖精、 糖精钠、 阿 斯巴甜、 丁磺氨 K或丁磺氨、 丁磺氨钾、 奇异果甜蛋白、 甘草素、 二氢查尔酮、 阿力甜、 神秘果素、 应乐果甜蛋白、 甜菊糖以及它们的混合物。 超级崩解剂的例子包括但不限于: 交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和交联聚维酮 (交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。在一个实施例 中, 片剂含有最多约 5 重量%的这类超级崩解剂。 合适的风味剂和芳香剂的例子包括但不 限于: 精油, 包括切细的花、 叶、 皮或捣浆全果的蒸馏物、 溶剂提取物或冷压搾物, 其包 含醇、 酯、 醛和内酯的混合物; 香精, 包括精油的稀溶液或共混成与水果 (例如草莓、 悬钩 子和黑醋粟)的天然香味匹配的合成化学物质的混合物; 酿造物和酒类 (例如科涅克白兰地 酒、 威士忌酒、 浪姆酒、 杜松子酒、 雪利酒、 波尔图葡萄酒和葡萄酒)的人造的和天然的风 味剂; 烟草、 咖啡、 茶、 可可和薄荷; 果汁, 包括从洗擦过的水果例如柠檬、 橙和酸橙压 搾的汁; 薄荷; 姜; 肉桂; 可可; 香草; 甘草; 薄荷醇; 桉树; 八角; 坚果 (如花生、 椰子、 榛子、 栗子、 胡桃和可拉果); 杏仁; 葡萄干; 以及粉末、 面粉或植物材料部分 (包括其量不 会显著促成治疗性尼古丁的水平的烟草属烟草植物部分)以及它们的混合物。抗氧化剂的例 子包括但不限于: 生育酚、 抗坏血酸、 焦亚硫酸钠、 丁基羟基甲苯、 丁基化羟基苯甲醚、 依地酸和依地酸盐, 以及它们的混合物。 防腐剂的例子包括但不限于: 柠檬酸、 酒石酸、 乳酸、 苹果酸、 乙酸、 苯甲酸和山梨酸以及它们的混合物。 质构增强剂的例子包括但不限 于: 果胶、 聚环氧乙烷和卡拉胶以及它们的混合物。 搽剂系指药物用乙醇、 油或适当的溶剂制成的溶液、 乳状液或悬浮液搽剂, 供无破损 皮肤揉擦用的液体制剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成搽剂的方法并不受特 别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的制备技术, 将药物组合物的有效活性成分按照预定比例混 合后加入搽剂辅料, 混匀后进行过滤, 然后按照制剂标准调整至规定量, 从而获得本发明 药物组合物的搽剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 搽剂辅料的种类并不受特别限制, 例如可以包 括但不限于聚山梨酸酯 -80 (吐温 80)、 甘油和氮酮。 其中, 吐温 -80有稳定和分散的作用, 也有一定的防腐保鲜作用; 甘油有润肤作用, 氮酮又增加药物渗透的作用。 由此, 该药物 组合物可以以搽剂的形式有效地用于治疗由于癌症引起的皮肤表面的疾病, 比如黑色素瘤 等。 贴剂是指可粘贴在皮肤上,其承载的药物可产生全身性或局部作用的一种薄片状制剂。 其中透皮吸收制剂是一种通过皮肤吸收, 并可通过控释机制按病情需要剂量, 快速、 持久 进入全身的贴片或贴剂药物。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成贴剂的方法并不 受特别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的制备技术, 将药物组合物的有效活性成分按照预定比 例混合后加入贴剂辅料, 混合后涂布在载体材料上, 进行剪切和分装后获得本发明药物组 合物的贴剂。 其中, 贴剂辅料可以包括但不限于, 胶黏剂、 增黏剂、 增塑剂、 填充剂、 吸 收促进剂、 渗透促进剂。 由此, 本发明的药物组合物一方面可以透过角质层和表皮进入真 皮, 扩散进入毛细血管, 转移至体循环; 另一方面也可以通过毛囊、 皮脂腺和汗腺等附属 器官吸收, 与传统给药方式相比, 贴剂具有一定的优势: 可以通过恒定速率持续释放药物 来延长有效作用时间, 减少给药频率, 维持最佳血药浓度, 并减少由血浆峰浓度造成的不 良反应; 也可以避免口服给药可能发生的肝首关效应, 从而提高生物利用度并减少药物的 相互作用, 除此之外, 贴剂还可以解决某些给药过程中的实际问题, 提高患者的顺应性。
滴剂是指用适宜的量具以小体积或以滴计量的口服溶液剂、 口服混悬剂、 口服乳剂的 液体制剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成滴剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以 使用本领域常规的制备技术, 根据本发明的一些实施例, 将本发明的药物组合物的有效活 性成分与分散介质和滴剂辅料混合后, 然后按照制剂标准调整至规定量, 从而获得本发明 药物组合物的滴剂。 其中, 分散介质常用纯化水; 滴剂辅料可以包括但不限于, 增稠剂、 助溶剂、 稳定剂、 矫味剂和防腐剂。 由此, 本发明的药物组合物滴剂可以针对局部病灶进 行给药, 提高治疗的效果。
喷雾剂(sprays)是指系用压縮空气或惰性气体作动力, 以非金属喷雾器将药液喷出的 剂型。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成喷雾剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以使 用本领域常规的制备技术, 根据本发明的一些实施例, 将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性 成分与喷雾剂辅料进行混合后, 然后按照制剂标准调整至规定量, 从而获得本发明药物组 合物的喷雾剂。 其中喷雾剂辅料包括但不限于注射用水、 甜味剂、 矫味剂、 防腐剂、 增溶 剂和压縮气体, 混合均匀后静置, 装入气雾瓶中, 并向瓶内压入抛射剂, 灌装, 灭菌, 制 成本发明的药物组合物的喷雾剂。 由于本发明的药物组合物的喷雾剂可以直接喷洒在肿瘤 部位, 具有局部浓度高、 起效快、 疗效好的特点, 能充分发挥药物组合物治疗癌症的作用。
丸剂是指药材细粉或药材提取物加适宜的粘合辅料制成的球形或类球片形制剂, 包括 但不限于蜜丸、 水丸、 水蜜丸、 糊丸、 浓縮丸、 蜡丸、 滴丸和微丸。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成丸剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的制备技术, 根据 本发明的实施例, 将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分与丸剂辅料进行混合, 然后按照 制剂标准调整至规定量, 从而获得本发明药物组合物的丸剂。 其中, 丸剂辅料包括但不限 于, 稀释剂、 润湿剂、 粘合剂、 矫味剂、 包衣剂。 稀释剂可以为淀粉、 乳糖、 糊精、 微粉 硅胶和微晶纤维素中的至少一种。 润湿剂可以为水和乙醇的至少一种。 包衣剂可以包括但 不限于肠溶性辅料、 增塑剂和抗粘剂。 肠溶性辅料可以为丙烯酸树脂; 抗粘剂可以为选自 微粉硅胶、 滑石粉、 硬脂酸镁、 二氧化钛和单硬脂酸甘油酯中的至少一种; 增塑剂可以为 选自丙二醇、 柠檬酸三乙酯、 邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和 PEG6000的至少一种。 由此, 可以将本 发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分制备成结肠靶向微丸剂, 保证各药物直接对结肠病灶产 生作用, 不仅提高了药效活性, 减少了药物对胃、 小肠等消化系统的副作用, 还提高了患 者的顺应性, 为治疗结肠癌提供了新的用药选择。
注射剂(injection)是指将药物与适宜的溶剂或分散介质制成的供注入体内的溶液、 乳 状液或混悬液及供临用前配制或稀释成溶液或混悬液的粉末或浓溶液的无菌制剂, 包括溶 液型注射剂、 乳剂型注射剂、 混悬型注射剂和注射用无菌粉末。 根据本发明的一些实施例, 将药物组合物制成注射剂的方法并不受特别限制, 可以采用本领域常用的各种方法, 根据 本发明的一些实施例, 可以将本发明的药物组合物的有效活性成分与注射剂附加剂和注射 剂溶剂混合后, 然后按照制剂标准调整至规定量, 将所获得的药物过滤后灌装至经过洗涤、 干燥和灭菌的安瓿中、 然后对装有药物的安瓿进行封口及灭菌操作, 经过检验后获得本发 明药物组合物的注射剂。 其中, 注射用附加剂包括但不限于抑菌剂、 抗氧剂、 增溶剂、 螯 合剂、 缓冲剂、 pH调节剂、 等渗与等张调节剂和局麻剂, 从而增加药物组合物有效活性成 分的溶解度和理化稳定性, 并抑制微生物的生长, 此外还可以减轻疼痛或对组织的刺激性。 注射剂溶剂包括但不限于, 注射用水、 注射用油和其他注射用非水溶剂。 由此, 制成注射 剂的本发明的药物组合物作用非常可靠,临床应用时均以液体状态直接注射入人体的组织、 血管或器官内。 吸收快, 作用迅速。 特别是以静脉注射, 药液可直接进入血循环, 更适于 抢救危重病症之用。 并且因注射剂不经胃肠道, 故不受消化系统及食物的影响。
例如根据本发明的一个具体实施例将助悬剂为 "0" 的缓释微粒 (A)直接混于特殊溶媒 中, 得到相应的缓释微粒注射剂; 例如根据本发明的另一个具体实施例将助悬剂不为 "0" 的缓释微粒 (A)混于特殊溶媒或普通溶媒中, 得到相应的缓释微粒注射剂; 例如根据本发明 的再一个具体实施例将缓释微粒 (A)混于普通溶媒中, 然后加入助悬剂混匀, 得到相应的缓 释微粒注射剂。 例如根据本发明的又一个具体实施例, 还可先将缓释微粒 (A)混于特殊溶媒 中制得相应的混悬液, 然后用真空干燥等办法去除混悬液中的水分, 之后再用特殊溶媒或 普通溶媒混悬, 得到相应的缓释微粒注射剂。 以上方法只是用于说明而非限制本发明。
根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制成缓释注射剂的方法不受特别限制, 可以采用 本领域常用的各种方法: 例如但不限于, 混合法、 熔融法、 溶解法、 喷雾干燥法制备微球、 溶解法结合冷冻 (干燥)粉碎法制成微粉、 脂质体包药法及乳化法等。 其中以溶解法 (即溶剂 挥发法)、 干燥法、 喷雾干燥法和乳化法为优选。 微球则可用于制备上述各种缓释注射剂, 其方法是任意的。 微球还可用于制备其他缓释注射剂, 如凝胶注射剂、 嵌段共聚物胶束注 射剂。其中, 嵌段共聚物胶束由疏水-亲水嵌段共聚物在水溶液中形成, 具有球形内核 -外壳 结构, 疏水嵌段形成内核, 亲水嵌段形成外壳。 载药胶束注射进入体内达到控制药物释放 或靶向治疗的目的。所用药物载体为上述任意一种或其组合。其中优选分子量为 1000-15000 的聚乙二醇 (PEGM乍为胶束共聚物的亲水嵌段, 优选生物降解聚合物 (如 PLA、 聚丙交酯、 聚己内酯及其共聚物 (分子量 1500-25000)作为胶束共聚物的疏水嵌段。 凝胶注射剂系将生 物降解聚合物溶于某些两亲性溶媒, 再加入药物与之混溶 (或混悬)后形成流动性较好的凝 胶, 可经瘤周或瘤内注射。 一旦注入, 两亲性溶媒很快扩散至体液, 而体液中的水分则渗 入凝胶, 使聚合物固化, 缓慢释放药物。 缓释微球还可用于制备缓释植入剂, 所用的药用 辅料可为上述药用辅料中的任何一种或多种物质, 但以水溶性高分子聚合物为主选, 在各 种高分子聚合物中, 以聚乳酸、 葵二酸、 含聚乳酸或葵二酸的高分子多聚物的混合物或共 聚物为首选, 混合物和共聚物可选自, 但不限于, PLA、 PLGA、 PLA与 PLGA的混合物、 葵二酸与芳香聚酐或脂肪族聚酐的混合物或共聚物。 共混的方法是任意的。 本发明抗癌药 物组合物的缓释剂的又一种形式是抗癌药物组合物缓释剂制成缓释植入剂。 抗癌植入剂的 有效成分可均匀地包装于整个药用辅料中, 也可包装于载体支持物中心或其表面; 可通过 直接扩散和 /或经多聚物降解的方式将有效成分释放。 缓释植入剂的特点在于所用的缓释辅料除高分子聚合物外, 还含有上述任意一种或多 种其它辅料。 添加的药用辅料统称为添加剂。 添加剂可根据其功能分为充填剂、 致孔剂、 赋型剂、 分散剂、 等渗剂、 保存剂、 阻滞剂、 增溶剂、 吸收促进剂、 成膜剂、 胶凝剂等。 缓释植入剂的主要成份可制成多种剂型。 如, 但不限于, 胶囊、 缓释剂、 植入剂、 缓释剂 植入剂等; 呈多种形状, 如, 但不限于, 颗粒剂、 丸剂、 片剂、 散剂、 颗粒剂、 球形、 块 状、 针状、 棒状、 柱状及膜状。 在各种剂型中, 以体内缓慢释放植入剂为优选。 缓释植入 剂的最佳剂型为生物相容性、 可降解吸收的缓释剂植入, 可因不同临床需要而制成各种形 状及各种剂型。 制备缓释制剂的方法: 例如, 但不限于, 把载体支持物粉末与药物混合然 后压制成植入剂, 即所谓的混合法; 把载体支持物熔化, 与待包装的药物相混合, 然后固 体冷却, 即所谓的熔融法; 把载体支持物溶解于溶剂中, 把待包装的药物溶解或分散于聚 合物溶液中, 然后蒸发溶剂, 干燥, 即所谓的溶解法; 喷雾干燥法; 及冷冻干燥法等。
口服液是指以单剂量灌装的合剂。 根据本发明的实施例, 将药物组合物制备成口服液 的方法并不受特别限制, 可以使用本领域常规的制备技术, 根据本发明的一些实施例, 可 以将本发明的药物组合物中的有效活性成分加入适宜的附加剂, 溶解并混合均匀后, 进行 过滤澄清, 并按照注射剂的工艺要求, 灌封于安瓿或易拉盖瓶中, 最后经灭菌获得本发明 药物组合物的口服液。 其中, 适宜的附加剂包括但不限于矫味剂、 防腐剂和表面活性剂。 其中, 矫味剂可以为选自蔗糖、 红糖、 饴糖、 甜菊素、 果糖、 葡糖糖、 果葡糖浆、 蜂蜜、 阿斯巴甜、 蛋白糖、 木糖醇、 甘露醇、 乳糖、 山梨醇、 麦芽糖醇、 甘草甜素、 甘茶叶素和 环己氨基磺酸钠中的至少一种; 防腐剂可以为选自尼泊金甲酯、 尼泊金乙酯、 尼泊金丙酯、 苯甲醇、 乙醇、 苯乙醇、 三氯叔丁醇、 苯甲酸和山梨酸中的至少一种; 表面活性剂可以为 选自吐温 -80、 吐温 -20、 溴化十六烷三甲胺、 月桂醇硫酸钠、 硬脂醇磺酸钠、 聚氧乙烯高级 脂肪醇、 蔗糖酯、 山梨醇脂肪酯和大豆磷脂中的至少一种; 此外还可以包括适量的除杂剂 如壳聚糖絮凝剂等; 澄清剂如 ZTC或果汁澄清剂等; 稳定剂如复合磷酸盐等。 由此, 本发 明的药物组合物的口服液服用剂量小而且规格统一、 其具有吸收较快、 质量稳定、 携带和 服用方便、 易保存等优点, 尤其适合工业化生产。
根据本发明的实施例, 给药途径取决于多种因素, 为于原发或转移肿瘤所在部位获得 有效浓度, 药物可经多种途径给予, 如皮下、 腔内 (如腹腔、 胸腔及椎管内)、 瘤内、 瘤周注 射或放置、 选择性动脉注射、 淋巴结内及骨髓内注射。 以选择性动脉注射、 腔内、 瘤内、 瘤周注射或放置为优选。 本发明可以用于制备治疗人及动物的各种肿瘤的药物制剂, 主要 为缓释注射剂或缓释植入剂, 所指肿瘤包括起源于大脑、 中枢神经系统、 肾脏、 肝、 胆囊、 头颈部、 口腔、 甲状腺、 皮肤、 黏膜、 腺体、 血管、 骨组织、 淋巴结、 肺脏、 食管、 胃、 乳腺、 胰腺、 眼睛、 鼻咽部、 子宫、 卵巢、 子宫内膜、 子宫颈、 前列腺、 膀胱、 结肠、 直 肠的原发或转移的癌或肉瘤或癌肉瘤。 实施例 1提取喜树碱
将臭马比木树叶用 8倍重量的 60%乙醇进行加热回流提取 3次, 每次 1.5小时, 过滤 后合并获得臭马比木醇提取液; 将臭马比木醇提取液进行浓縮, 获得臭马比木浓縮液; 利 用盐酸将臭马比木浓縮液进行 pH调节, 至臭马比木浓縮液的 pH为 5; 然后利用乙酸乙酯 对经过 pH调节的臭马比木浓縮液萃取 3次, 合并萃取相获得喜树碱粗提浸膏; 向所获得 的喜树碱粗提浸膏中加入 70%的丙酮水溶液, 搅拌均匀后静止 20小时进行抽滤, 获得第一 滤饼和第一滤液; 向一部分第一滤饼中加入 3倍量体积比为 1 :20的脂肪醇与氯代甲烷混合 液, 搅拌均匀后静止 10小时进行抽滤, 从而获得第二滤饼和第二滤液, 其中第二滤饼为喜 树碱粗品; 最后利用阳离子交换树脂对所获得的喜树碱粗品进行纯化处理, 最终获得喜树 碱。 实施例 2提取 9-甲氧基喜树碱
回收实施例 1中所获得的第一滤液中的溶剂后获得第一 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品; 向另一 部分第一滤饼中加入 5倍量体积比为 1 :20的脂肪醇与乙酸乙酯, 搅拌均匀后静止 10小时 进行抽滤, 从而获得第三滤饼和第三滤液, 回收第三滤液中的溶剂后获得第二 9-甲氧基喜 树碱粗品; 然后将所获得的第一 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品和第二 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品合并, 并 利用阳离子交换树脂对经过合并的 9-甲氧基树碱粗品进行纯化处理, 最终获得 9-甲氧基喜 树碱。 实施例 3制备臭马比木水提取物
向实施例 1中加醇提取喜树碱剩余的臭马比木树叶残渣中加入 8倍量的水煎煮 2次, 每次 2个小时, 过滤后合并从而获得粗提液; 然后利用减压旋蒸装置和大孔树脂对所获得 的粗提液依次进行浓縮和纯化处理,从而获得臭马比木水提取物。利用 HPLC-MS和 GC-MS 的方法, 分析所获得的水提取物中的成分, 其结果显示所获得的臭马比木的水提取物中主 要含有亚油酸、 东莨菪素、 二氧嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶、 植物 醇、 葫芦巴碱, 以及多种维生素 和氨基酸等活性成分。 实施例 4喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱的药物相容性实验
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱这两种化合物准备和贮存于 3种不同的温度湿度条件下, 即 25摄氏度 /10%RH; 30摄氏度 /60%RH; 40摄氏度 /75%RH。 将药物分为混合组和未混合组作对照, 分别置于这三种温度下。 样品在第 1天、 第 2天、 第 7天、 第 14天、 第 30天进行颜色、 物理性状、 化学稳定性 (通过色析法)的评价, 每一种 活性成分在所有贮存条件下活性恢复的程度(%混合组 /%对照组),喜树碱为 97.0%〜102.7%, 9-甲氧基喜树碱为 98.3%〜103.6%。 观察中混合组和对照组在物理形状和化学色系法分析上 无明显差别, 说明这两种成分在臭马比木水提取物基质中混合后, 其物理性和化学性仍具 有很好的相容性。 实施例 5喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱对 LLC-1细胞和 CCD19LU细胞增殖的抑制作用 分别取对数生长期的 LLC-1 (肺癌细胞)及 CCD19LU (肺正常细胞),采用 0.25%-EDTA 胰蛋白酶消化后制成浓度为 5 X 104个 /毫升的细胞悬液。将该细胞悬液接种于 96 孔细胞培 养板中, 每孔 200微升; 空白组为每孔加入 200微升不含细胞的培养基的组。 将上述接种 了细胞的 96 孔细胞培养板放入细胞培养箱中孵育过夜, 使细胞贴壁。 不同比例的药物组 合物分别用 DMSO溶解, 均配制为 100毫摩的储存液, 然后使用前用相应培养基稀释成不 同浓度(DMSO终浓度小于 0.1%) 的样品溶液。 在不同的实验组中分别加入 200微升不同 比例的药物组合物溶液(1 :2、 1 :4、 1 :5、 1 :6禾 B 1 :8 )分别以 0.1微摩、 1微摩、 10微摩、 50 微摩和 100微摩的浓度; 对照组为往贴壁细胞中加入 200微升培养基的组; 空白组为无细 胞只加 200微升培养基的组。 然后将此加过不同比例、 不同浓度的药物组合物溶液 (1 :2、 1 :4、 1 :5、 1 :6和 1 :8 ) 的 96孔细胞培养板在细胞培养箱中培养 72小时后, 在取出的上述 96孔细胞培养板的每个孔中加入 20微升 0.5 毫克 /毫升的噻唑蓝 (MTT ) , 然后继续放入 细胞培养箱中培养。 2小时后, 将与 MTT共同孵育的 96孔细胞培养板在高速离心机中以 2000 rpm离心 10分钟。 离心后, 去除 96孔细胞培养板中上清液, 然后通过向每孔加 200 微升二甲基亚砜 (DMSO ) 溶解在 96孔板底部生成的甲臢蓝色结晶。 该加过 DMSO的 96 孔细胞培养板在平板振荡器上振荡 5分钟后, 利用酶联免疫检测仪, 在 570纳米波长下检 测 OD值 (参比波长为 490纳米), 计算抑制率及 IC5Q (半数抑制率)。
抑制率%= (A-Ao) I (A-Ai ) l00%
式中: A代表对照组的 OD值; AO代表样品组的 OD值; A1代表空白组的 OD值。 表 1.喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱对 LLC1和 CCD19LU的 IC50
Figure imgf000022_0001
由表 1所示的结果可知, 当药物组合物中喜树碱的比例较多时, 可以更有效的杀死肿 瘤细胞, 显示为更低的 IC5Q值, 但其对正常肺组织成纤维细胞 CCD19LU的生长也有较强 的抑制作用; 当药物组合物中 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例较多时, 其对正常肺组织成纤维细胞 CCD19Lu的生长没有影响,但对恶性肿瘤细胞快速增殖的抑制作用略有降低,IC5Q值为 9.87 微摩。 因此表 1的结构可知, 当药物组合物中喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例为 1 :5时, 不仅可以以较低的有效药物浓度抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖, 并且对正常肺组织成纤维细胞的生 长没有明显的抑制作用。 实施例 6药物组合物对体外各种细胞株增殖的抑制作用
实验方法同实施例 5,所不同的是,检测喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例为 1 :5的药物 组合物对不同肿瘤细胞株的增殖抑制作用,所选的细胞株为 Bel-7402 (人肝癌细胞)、 HepG2
(人肝癌细胞)、 NCI-H460 (人肺癌细胞)、 SGC-7901 (人胃癌细胞)、 HO-8910 (人卵巢 癌细胞)、 MCF-7 (人乳腺癌细胞)、 Hela (人宫颈癌细胞)、 PC- 3 (人前列腺癌)、 Colo320
(人直肠癌细胞)、 LoVo (人结直肠癌细胞)、 Panc-1 (人胰腺癌细胞)、 EC109 (人食道癌 细胞)、 KB (人鼻咽癌细胞) 及 HL-60 (人白血病细胞)。
Figure imgf000023_0001
由表 2的结果可知, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例为 1 :5的药物组合物对 Bel-7402、 HepG2、 NCI-H460、 SGC-7901 HO-8910、 MCF-7 Hela、 PC- 3、 Colo320、 LoVo、 Panc-1 EC109、 KB及 HL-60细胞体外增殖有不同程度的抑制作用, 其中, Colo320对药物组合物 最为敏感, 表现为最低 IC5Q值。 由此可知, 药物组合物对以上肿瘤细胞的增殖均有较好的 抑制作用。
实施例 7药物组合物对体外耐药肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用
实验方法同实施例 5,所不同的是,所选细胞为 Bel-7402 (人肝癌细胞); Bel-7402/5-Fu
(人肝癌耐药细胞), 药物组合物中的喜树碱: 9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5。
Figure imgf000024_0001
由表 3 所示的实验结果可知, 药物组合物对耐药 Bel-7402/5-Fu与非耐药肿瘤细胞株 Bel-7402 的细胞增殖均有较好抑制作用; 而单用喜树碱或 9-甲氧基喜树碱对耐药 Bel-7402/5-Fu肿瘤细胞株增殖抑制作用效果低于非耐药肿瘤细胞株 Bel-7402肿瘤细胞株的 增殖抑制作用的 10倍〜 20倍作用。 由此, 以上实验提示本发明的药物组合物药物组合物在 抗肿瘤耐药性方面有独特的优势, 是一个有开发前景的潜在药物。 实施例 8: 药物组合物对体外抗肿瘤干细胞株增殖的抑制作用
所选细胞为; 分别取对数生长的 Bel-7402 (人肝癌细胞) 及 MCF-7 (人乳腺癌细胞), 采用 0.25%-EDTA胰酶消化后机械吹打制成单细胞悬液。 然后在培养基中分别加入肝癌干 细胞培养配伍剂(肝素、 白蛋白及氢化可的松)或乳腺癌干细胞培养配伍剂(5U/L胰岛素、 20 U/L表皮生长因子和 10 U/L成纤维细胞生长因子) 进行无血清悬浮培养, 21天后以流 式细胞仪分选出干细胞, 肝癌干细胞的筛选标志为 CD133及 CD90阳性表达, 乳腺癌干细 胞为 CD24及 CD44阳性表达。 分别取相应的肝癌干细胞和乳腺癌干细胞, 参照实施例 1 的方法检测各细胞株的 IC5Q值。 其中药物组合物中喜树碱 :9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5。
表 4药物组合物对 Bel-7402、 MCF-7干细胞的 IC
Figure imgf000024_0002
由表 4所示的实验结果可知, 药物组合物对 Bel-7402干细胞和 MCF-7干细胞的 IC: 分别为 Bel-7402、 MCF-7的 1.75倍、 1.40倍 (药物组合物对 Bel-7402和 MCF-7的 IC50值 分别为 4.68微摩 /升、 6.67微摩 /升)。该实验说明药物组合物对人肝癌干细胞 Bel-7402及人 乳腺癌干细胞 MCF-7有较好的抑制作用。 实施例 9药物组合物体内抗肿瘤作用
取健康裸鼠 30只, 雌雄各半, 经适应性喂养后, 随机分组后随机分为正常对照组、 喜 树碱组和药物组合物组 (喜树碱: 9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5 )。 选择收集对数生长期的 S180 (人 肺癌细胞), 以 PBS重悬该细胞, 并使该细胞在 PBS中的密度达到 lxlO6 个 /毫升。 在每只 裸鼠右侧胸壁皮下接种上述肿瘤细胞悬液 0.2毫升 (含细胞数约 2χ106个), 建立实体瘤模 型。 将上述荷瘤裸鼠随机分为 3组, 每组 10只, 即模型对照组、 药物组合物组(喜树碱 :9- 甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5 ) 及喜树碱组。 其中, 模型对照组每隔一日腹腔注射生理盐水; 药物组 合物组 (喜树碱: 9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5 ) 每隔一日腹腔注射 5毫克 /公斤药物组合物组 (喜树 碱: 9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5 ); 喜树碱组每隔一日腹腔注射喜树碱 5 毫克 /公斤。 连续给药半个 月后, 断颈处死小鼠, 剥取瘤块并称重, 计算药物组合物 (喜树碱: 9-甲氧基喜树碱 =1 :5 ) 对实体瘤的抑瘤率:
抑瘤率%= (模型组平均瘤重 -给药组平均瘤重) /模型组平均瘤重 xl 00%
Figure imgf000025_0001
如表 5 结果所示的实验结果提示药物组合物有效的抑制了耐药肿瘤细胞实体瘤的增 长, 并且其抑瘤效果略优于醇, 但其可以显著提高动物的存活率, 因此具有很好的开发前 旦 实施例 10制备药物组合物散剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将 100毫克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧 基喜树碱进行粉碎, 过 120目筛后按照 1 :5的比例进行混合, 从而获得药物组合物散剂。 实施例 11制备药物组合物颗粒剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质,将 50克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜 树碱进行粉碎, 过 120目筛后按照 1 :5的比例与过 80目筛的 30克的羟丙甲纤维素、 60克 的乳糖、 50克的淀粉混合均匀, 利用干轧法制粒, 选取 20目〜 40目筛之间的颗粒, 与 3克 的硬脂酸镁混合均匀, 获得药物组合物颗粒剂。 实施例 12制备药物组合物胶囊剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质,将 50克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜 树碱进行粉碎, 过 120目筛后按照 1 :5的比例与过 80目筛的 20克的羟丙甲纤维素、 60克 的乳糖、 20克的预交化淀粉、 3克的硬脂酸镁混合均匀, 灌装得到药物组合物胶囊剂。 实施例 13 制备药物组合物片剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质,将 50克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜 树碱进行粉碎, 过 120目筛后按照 1 :5的比例与过 80目筛的 15克的交联羧甲基纤维素钠、 80克的乳糖、 12克的微晶纤维素、 20克的预交化淀粉混合均匀, 加入 30克的 10%淀粉浆 制软材, 过 25 目筛制粒, 然后在 50摄氏度下通风干燥, 并使用 20目筛整粒后, 与 5克的 硬脂酸镁混合均匀, 利用压片机获得药物组合物片剂。 实施例 14制备药物组合物搽剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将 100毫克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧 基喜树碱按照 1 :5的比例溶解于 20毫升的聚山梨酸酯 -80水溶液、 50毫升的甘油溶液、 10 毫升的氮酮水溶液和 500毫升的 30的乙醇溶液中, 混合均匀并过滤后, 用无菌蒸馏水添加 至 1000毫升, 从而获得药物组合物搽剂。 实施例 15制备药物组合物贴剂
将 0.375克的丙二醇、 0.375克的氮酮和 0.6克的甘油加入 65%的乙醇溶液中, 混合均 匀后, 加入以臭马比木水提取物为基质的 100毫克重量比为 1 :5的分别由实施例 1禾 B 2获 得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 混合均匀后, 再加入 2克的聚乙烯醇 (PVA205)和 0.8克的 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP), 在 45摄氏度条件下溶胀过夜后, 在 60摄氏度水浴条件下溶解至澄 清, 利用磁力搅拌均匀后, 进行脱气处理, 然后均匀涂布与防粘纸上, 在 50摄氏度温度下 进行干燥, 然后覆盖铝箔复合聚乙烯, 切割分剂量, 密封包存, 获得药物组合物贴剂。 实施例 16制备药物组合物滴剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 按照 1 :5的比例称取 40克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜 树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 以及 222克的聚乙二醇 -400、 100克的丙二醇、 120克的药用乙醇 和 25克的蛋白糖, 先将聚乙二醇 -400、 丙二醇、 药用乙醇及蛋白糖混合, 搅拌均匀后获得 混合溶液, 在上述混合溶液混合至液面无药粉时将喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱匀速加入到该 混合溶液中, 混合均匀后加入无菌蒸馏水调整至 1000毫升, 获得药物组合物滴剂。 实施例 17制备药物组合物喷雾剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 按照 1 :5的比例称取 100毫克分别由实施例 1和 2获得 的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱, 与 0.6毫克 /毫升蔗糖、 0.05 %尼泊金和 0.25 %苯甲酸钠溶解 于 80毫升 10 %的丙二醇中, 加入适量的注射用水调整至 100毫升, 充分摇匀, 静置, 装 入气雾剂瓶中, 向瓶内压入经微孔滤膜滤过的抛射剂 F12, 灌装, 火菌, 即得获得药物组 合物喷雾剂。 实施例 18制备药物组合物丸剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将重量比为 1 :5的 50克分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树 碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱混合物过 100 目筛, 然后与 50克的微晶纤维素混合均匀, 并以 50% 的乙醇适量润湿, 制备软材, 过 20 目筛, 至离心包衣造粒机中, 在 30摄氏度下, 转速 35 转 /分钟, 风速为 8cfm, 滚圆 4分钟, 取出后在 50摄氏度条件下进行干燥, 获得药物组合 物的丸剂。 实施例 19制备药物组合物注射剂
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将重量比为 1 :5的分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱混合物用注射用蒸馏水溶解为在 60摄氏度〜 70摄氏度条件下相对密度为度 1.10 -1.20的浸膏, 加入 3克聚山梨酯 -80、 10毫升 10%的亚硫酸氢钠、 8毫升 3%的甘露醇 和 7毫升 3%的右旋糖苷后, 用注射用蒸馏水加至 800毫升, 用 10%盐酸溶液调节 pH值至 6, 冷却静置后, 加入注射用蒸馏水至 1000毫升, 加入 0.01%的活性炭处理, 过滤, 经过 灭菌处理后得到无菌无热源澄明溶液, 然后进行将无菌无热源澄明溶液分装到经过经过洗 涤、 干燥和灭菌的安瓿中、 然后对装有药物的安瓿进行封口及灭菌操作, 经过检验后获得 药物组合物的注射剂。 实施例 20制备药物组合物口服液
以臭马比木水提取物为基质, 将重量比为 1 :5的分别由实施例 1和 2获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树碱混合物用臭马比木水提取物溶解为在 60摄氏度〜 70摄氏度条件下相对密度 为度 1.10〜1.20的浸膏, 向浸膏中加入 200克的蔗糖, 煮沸溶解后, 加入 10克的吐温 -80, 搅拌均匀并冷却至 70摄氏度〜 80摄氏度后, 加入 1克的山梨酸, 搅拌均匀并冷却至 40摄 氏度以下, 加臭马比木水提取物至 1000毫升, 搅拌均匀, 滤过, 灌封, 灭菌, 包装, 获得 药物组合物的口服液。 在本说明书的描述中, 参考术语"一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示例"、 "具体示例"、 或"一些示例"等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点包 含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中, 对上述术语的示意性表述不一定 指的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且, 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点可以在任何的 一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例, 可以理解的是, 上述实施例是示例性的, 不能理解为对本发明的限制, 本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况 下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、 修改、 替换和变型。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 包括:
喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐;
9-甲氧基喜树碱或其药学上可接受的盐;
以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例 为 1 :2〜8。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例 为 1 :4〜6。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜树碱的比例 为 1 :5。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 进一步包括臭马比木水提取物。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述臭马比木水提取物包括亚油 酸、 东莨菪素、 二氧嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶、 植物 醇、 葫芦巴碱、 维生素和氨基酸。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物呈药学上可接受 的任意剂型中至少一种。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物呈胃肠道给药剂 型和非胃肠道给药剂型。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物呈固体制剂或液 体制剂。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物呈散剂、 颗粒 剂、 片剂、 胶囊剂、 丸剂、 膏剂、 喷雾剂、 滴剂、 搽剂、 贴剂、 注射剂、 口服液、 缓释制 剂或控释制剂。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药学上可以接受的赋形剂 包括粘合剂、 填充剂、 涂膜聚合物、 增塑剂、 助流剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂和释放速度调节 剂中的至少一种。
12、 一种制备药物组合物的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
将臭马比木树叶进行加醇提取, 以便获得喜树碱、 9-甲氧基喜树碱和臭马比木树叶残 渣; 将所获得的喜树碱和 9-甲氧基喜树按照预定比例进行混合, 以便获得混合物; 以及 向所述混合物中加入所述药学上可接受的赋形剂从而获得所述药物组合物。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将臭马比木树叶进行加醇提取进一步 包括:
将所述臭马比木树叶用 8倍重量的 40-80%乙醇进行加热回流提取 1次〜 3次, 每次 0.5 小时〜 2小时, 过滤后合并以便获得所述臭马比木醇提取液;
将所述臭马比木醇提取液进行第一浓縮, 以便获得第一浓縮液;
利用盐酸将所述第一浓縮液进行 pH调节,其中,所述经过 pH调节的第一浓縮液的 pH 为 3〜6;
利用乙酸乙酯对经过 pH调节的第一浓縮液进行 2〜3次萃取, 合并萃取相以便获得喜 树碱粗提浸膏;
向所述喜树碱粗提浸膏中加入 70%的丙酮水溶液, 搅拌均匀后静止 20小时进行抽滤, 从而获得第一滤饼和第一滤液;
向一部分所述第一滤饼中加入脂肪醇与氯代甲烷, 搅拌均匀后静止 10小时进行抽滤, 以便获得第二滤饼和第二滤液, 所述第二滤饼为喜树碱粗品, 其中脂肪醇与氯代甲烷的体 积比为 1 :20; 以及
利用阳离子交换树脂对所述喜树碱粗品进行纯化, 以便获得喜树碱。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 进一步包括:
回收权利要求 13中所述第一滤液中的溶剂后获得第一 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品; 向另一部分所述第一滤饼中加入脂肪醇与乙酸乙酯, 搅拌均匀后静止 10 小时进行抽 滤, 以便获得第三滤饼和第三滤液, 回收所述第三滤液中的溶剂后获得第二 9-甲氧基喜树 碱粗品; 以及
合并所述第一 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品和所述第二 9-甲氧基喜树碱粗品, 利用阳离子交换 树脂对经过合并的 9-甲氧基树碱粗品进行纯化, 以便获得 9-甲氧基喜树碱。
15、 根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述混合物进一步包括臭马比木水提 取物, 其中, 所述臭马比木水提取物是通过将所述臭马比木树叶残渣进行加水提取获得的。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将所述臭马比木树叶残渣进行加水提 取进一步包括:
将所述臭马比木树叶残渣用 5倍〜 10倍重量的水煎煮 1次〜 3次,每次 0.5小时〜 3小时, 过滤后合并以便获得粗提液; 将所述粗提液进行第二浓縮, 以便获得第二浓縮液; 以及
将所述第二浓縮液进行纯化, 以便获得所述臭马比木水提取物。
17、根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定比例为喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜 树碱的摩尔比例为 1 :2〜8。
18、根据权利要求 17所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定比例为喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜 树碱的摩尔比例为 1 :4〜6。
19、根据权利要求 18所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定比例为喜树碱与 9-甲氧基喜 树碱的摩尔比例为 1 :5。
20、权利要求 1〜11任一项所述的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途, 所述药物用于治疗 或者预防癌症。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述药物用于抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。
22、 根据权利要求 21所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述肿瘤细胞为恶性肿瘤细胞、 耐药 性恶性肿瘤细胞及恶性肿瘤干细胞。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述恶性肿瘤细胞为选自肝癌细胞、 肺癌细胞、 胃癌细胞、 卵巢癌细胞、 乳腺癌细胞、 宫颈癌细胞、 前列腺癌细胞、 直肠癌细 胞、 结直肠癌细胞、 胰腺癌细胞、 食道癌细胞、 鼻咽癌细胞及血癌细胞至少一种。
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