WO2015007041A1 - 一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007041A1
WO2015007041A1 PCT/CN2013/087988 CN2013087988W WO2015007041A1 WO 2015007041 A1 WO2015007041 A1 WO 2015007041A1 CN 2013087988 W CN2013087988 W CN 2013087988W WO 2015007041 A1 WO2015007041 A1 WO 2015007041A1
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Prior art keywords
mirror
module
liquid metal
laser
optical axis
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PCT/CN2013/087988
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙兰香
于海斌
辛勇
齐立峰
李洋
丛智博
Original Assignee
中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
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Application filed by 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
Priority to JP2016520242A priority Critical patent/JP6198944B2/ja
Priority to US14/898,600 priority patent/US9797835B2/en
Priority to EP13889511.5A priority patent/EP3023771B1/en
Publication of WO2015007041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007041A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/14Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21Polarisation-affecting properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N21/8507Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/20Metals
    • G01N33/205Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/66Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
    • G01N21/69Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence specially adapted for fluids, e.g. molten metal
    • G01N2021/695Molten metals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061Sources
    • G01N2201/06113Coherent sources; lasers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/063Illuminating optical parts
    • G01N2201/0636Reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/068Optics, miscellaneous
    • G01N2201/0683Brewster plate; polarisation controlling elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/08Optical fibres; light guides
    • G01N2201/088Using a sensor fibre

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of long-distance online monitoring technology for high-temperature liquid components, in particular to an in-situ, on-line detecting device and method for long-distance metallurgical liquid metal components.
  • the smelting process generally adopts the offline detection method of manual sampling and sample preparation.
  • the detection of high-temperature molten steel needs to be sampled, cooled, polished, polished, etc., and then taken to the analytical instrument for measurement and analysis.
  • the whole process takes 3 to 5 minutes. Take up more than one tenth of the smelting time.
  • This time-consuming offline detection method not only causes the quality control to fall behind, but also causes a large amount of waste of resources and energy, and the detection equipment is expensive and bulky, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern smelting production.
  • LIBS Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • LIBS laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • the literature introduces the current research status of measuring equipment using LIBS technology.
  • the metal component analysis equipment is mainly based on close-range laboratory equipment. The measurement is accurate and the required time is short (tens of seconds). However, the equipment is bulky and has high environmental requirements, which cannot be well adapted to the complex of steel mills. Online monitoring of the environment.
  • Literature Robot De Saro, Arel Weisberg, and Joe Craparo, In Situ, Real Time Measurement of Aluminum, Steel, and Glass Melt Chemistries Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, 2005 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 2005.
  • a device for on-line measurement of elements such as Al, Cu, Fe, Mn in an aluminum alloy solution at an industrial site is reported.
  • the probe is inserted into the furnace body to directly measure the surface of the metal solution.
  • the probe has an optical structure inside, which needs to be protected, and the probe structure is complicated.
  • the present invention provides an in-situ, on-line detecting device and method for providing metallurgical liquid metal components for timely and effective information for quality control and smelting end points, which greatly shortens the detection time, and the detection distance can be widely adjusted.
  • Flexible installation and use greatly improve product quality, reduce production cost and reduce energy consumption; and apply double pulse method, which can effectively improve spectral quality, suppress noise, and enhance the accuracy and stability of measurement results; Measurement of unpredictable components such as S, P, etc.
  • the plug-in high temperature probe is used to avoid the influence of impurities such as melt surface slag on the measurement, and the measurement result can truly reflect the state of the measured object, and the result is accurate;
  • the high temperature probe has a simple structure, no other optical structure inside, and is relatively low in design and manufacturing cost, and can be replaced with different lengths according to different needs;
  • the measurement distance can be varied according to the length of the selected high temperature resistant probe, and the detection of the distance of 1.5 to 10 meters or more can be realized, which can be flexibly applied. Under different environmental conditions;
  • the plasma excitation of the sample by the double pulse laser is enhanced, the intensity of the plasma signal is enhanced, and the noise is reduced, and the accuracy and stability of the detection can be greatly improved compared with the single pulse excitation mode;
  • the invention has wide application range, and can be applied not only to the measurement of metallurgical melt metal, but also to the measurement of other common liquids, as well as the measurement of gas and solid matter;
  • the high-temperature probe can be removed and used as a remote element online analytical instrument for long-distance detection of 1.5 to 10 meters or more.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a laser generating module in the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of a remote beam expanding focusing module and a remote signal collecting module in the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a real-time imaging module and a fiber coupling module in the present invention.
  • 1 is laser power supply and control unit
  • 2 is time synchronization controller
  • 3 air intake control unit 4 displacement platform control unit
  • 5 is temperature control unit
  • 6 is laser generation module
  • 7 is remote beam expansion focusing module
  • 8 For laser ranging module
  • 9 for first mirror 10 for second mirror, 11 for remote signal collection module
  • 12 for real-time imaging module
  • 13 for fiber-coupled module
  • 14 for fiber optic spectrometer
  • 15 for optical window 16
  • 17 is a high temperature probe outlet pipe
  • 18 is a high temperature probe
  • 19 is a mid-end optical sensing device
  • 20 is a beam splitter
  • 21 is an optical fiber
  • 22 is a liquid metal
  • 23 is a liquid metal surface
  • 24 is a back-end control platform
  • 25 is a signal line
  • 26 is a first laser head
  • 27 is a second laser head
  • 28 is a first half-wave plate
  • 29 is a second half-wave plate
  • 30 is
  • the overall structure of the present invention includes a front end high temperature optical probe 18, a mid-end optical sensing device 19, and a back end control platform 24, wherein:
  • the front end of the front end high temperature probe 18 is placed in the metallurgical liquid metal 22, and a sealed cavity is formed inside, through the gas pipe 16, filled with an inert gas to form an optical path environment of an inert gas; the middle end optical sensing device 19 receives the rear end
  • the operation signal of the control platform 24 is first measured by the laser ranging portion 8 to the distance from the metallurgical liquid metal surface 23, and the remote beam expander focusing module ⁇ and the first moving base 34 in the remote signal collecting module 11 are adjusted according to the feedback signal.
  • the detecting laser is focused to the liquid metal surface 23, the signal collecting point is at the same position; the laser receives the trigger signal of the back end control platform, generates the detecting laser, and passes through the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 and the mirror, Coaxial with the remote signal collecting module 11 to focus on the liquid metal surface 23 to generate plasma; and through the real-time imaging module 12, real-time observation of the position of the focus point and the generated plasma; the generated plasma signal light, After the remote signal collecting module 11, after the fiber coupling mode 13 with the optical fiber 21, the spectrometer 14 into the fiber, to complete the acquisition of the plasma spectrum signal.
  • the front end high temperature probe 18 has a front end placed in the metallurgical liquid metal 22, and a sealed space is formed therein, which is filled with an inert gas to realize an optical path of an inert gas, and has no optical components inside, and is easy to replace;
  • the front end high temperature probe includes The outer refractory portion, the inflated portion, has an open-ended structure, and the tail portion is connected to the middle end optical sensing device.
  • the inside thereof forms a sealed cavity through which the inner portion forms a sealed cavity.
  • the inert gas is filled to form an inert gas space, so that the optical path of the excitation laser and the collected plasma light is in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the mid-end optical sensing device 19 realizes long-distance plasma excitation and signal light collecting functions through the telescope structure, and realizes excitation and collection optical path coaxiality, and the detection distance can be adjusted according to needs, and can be automatically focused, and the surface morphology of the detecting object can be real-time.
  • a remote laser induced breakdown spectral sensing device for observation function comprising a laser generating module 6, a remote beam expanding focusing module 7, a remote signal collecting module 11, a coaxial adjusting portion (first mirror 9 and second mirror 10) , the laser ranging module 8, the real-time imaging module 12, the spectral acquisition part, the excitation and collection optical path space is an inert gas environment formed by the front end high temperature probe;
  • the laser generating module 6 in the mid-end optical sensing device generates a laser generated signal by receiving the back-end control platform
  • the single beam laser beam or the double beam coaxial laser beam is emitted, and the beam exit direction is the axis direction of the remote beam expanding focusing module 7.
  • the beam is incident into the coaxial adjustment portion, and the coaxial adjustment portion is passed.
  • the excitation optical path optical axis is coaxial with the optical axis of the remote signal collecting module 11, so that the laser passes through the inert gas optical path environment of the front end high temperature resistant probe 18, and is focused on the surface of the liquid metal to be measured 23 to form a plasma; the laser ranging module 8
  • the emitting laser is incident on the coaxial adjustment portion in a direction of 90 degrees from the excitation laser emitted from the remote beam expanding and focusing module 7, and passes through the coaxial adjustment portion to achieve the same axial direction as the excitation laser beam path and the remote signal collecting module 11, and is directed to the liquid state.
  • the real-time imaging module 12 realizes real-time monitoring of the surface topography of the detection point, and the remaining part of the light Incident into the spectrum acquisition portion, to achieve the plasma collected light signal; beamsplitter 20 and the optical axis of the collection module 11 of the remote signal at 45 degrees.
  • the mid-end optical sensing device 19 is entirely a thermostatically sealed case, and has an optical window 15 in the direction of the coaxial optical path.
  • the temperature control module 5 is connected to the rear end control platform 24 via a signal line 25, which is composed of a temperature sensor and a temperature adjustment device for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the internal temperature of the mid-end optical sensing device 19 to maintain the required Within the temperature range.
  • the real-time imaging module 12 receives part of the signal light reflected by the beam splitter 20 and the background light of the scene, and feeds back to the back-end control platform 24 to display the shape of the liquid metal surface 23 and the plasma formation in real time, and focus on the actual situation. Make finer real-time adjustments to the collection location.
  • the spectrum acquisition part comprises a fiber coupling module 13, an optical fiber 21, and a spectrometer 14; the fiber coupling module 13 is disposed on the optical axis of the plasma signal light after passing through the beam splitter 20, and the optical fiber 21 is connected to the fiber coupling module 13 and the fiber spectrometer 14; The signal light after passing through the beam splitter 20 is incident on the optical axis of the fiber coupling module 13, passes through the fiber coupling module 13, couples the signal light into the optical fiber 21, and then enters the spectrometer 14 to realize the collection of the signal light.
  • the spectral acquisition part can also be directly composed of an optical coupling system and a grating spectrometer.
  • the optical coupling system is placed on the optical axis of the plasma signal light after the beam splitter. After passing through the optical coupling system, the signal light enters the grating spectrometer to realize the signal light. Collection.
  • the laser generating module 6 includes a laser generating and combining portion, and includes a first laser head 26, a second laser head 27, and a first half wave plate. 28, the second half wave plate 29, the first polarization beam splitter 30, and the second polarization beam splitter 31; wherein the first half wave plate 28 and the first polarization beam splitter 30 are sequentially placed on the incident laser light emitted by the first laser head 26.
  • the direction of the laser light is perpendicular to the Brewster angle; the second half-wave plate 29 and the second polarizing beam splitter 31 are placed in the incident direction of the laser light emitted by the second laser head 27, respectively perpendicular to the direction of the laser light.
  • Angle with Brewster angle; the first polarizing beam splitter 30 reflects the pulsed laser light emitted by the first laser head 26 to the second polarizing beam splitter 31, passes through the second polarizing beam splitter 31 and then strikes the optical axis of the remote focusing portion
  • the direction of the pulsed laser light emitted from the second laser head 27 is transmitted to the optical axis direction of the remote focusing portion through the second half-wave plate 29 and the second polarization beam splitting sheet 31; the combining function is realized.
  • the plasma excitation of the sample by the double pulse laser is enhanced, the intensity of the plasma signal is enhanced, and the noise is reduced, and the detection accuracy and stability can be greatly improved compared with the single pulse excitation mode.
  • the first laser head 26, the first half wave plate 28, the second half wave plate 29, the first polarization beam splitter 30, and the second polarization beam splitter 31 can be removed, and only the second laser head 27 is retained. , its laser exit direction is Remotely expands the optical axis direction of the focus module ⁇ .
  • the combining function of the first polarization beam splitter 30 and the second polarization beam splitter 31 can also be realized by a combination of a mirror and a polarization beam splitter.
  • the remote beam expander focusing module 7 includes a first diverging lens 33, a second diverging lens 34, a first converging lens 35, a second converging lens 36, a first moving base 32, a first diverging lens 33, and a second diverging lens 34.
  • the first converging lens 35 is coaxial with the second converging lens 36, and the first diverging lens 33 and the second diverging lens 34 are disposed on the first moving base 32; the first moving base 32 is in the optical axis direction of the remote beam expanding focusing module
  • the coaxial adjustment portion includes a first mirror 9 and a second mirror 10, wherein the first mirror 9 is disposed on the optical axis of the remote beam expander focusing module 7, at 45 degrees to the optical axis direction thereof, and the second reflection
  • the mirror 10 is disposed on the optical axis of the remote signal collecting module 11 at 45 degrees to the optical axis thereof, and the center of the first mirror 9 and the second mirror 10 is connected to the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 and the remote signal collecting module 11
  • the direction of the optical axis is vertical; after the excitation laser passes through the first mirror 9 and the second mirror 10, it is realized in the same axial direction as the remote collection module, and the first mirror 9 is a central aperture mirror or a laser dichroism The direction of the laser
  • the first moving base 32 is movable in the optical axis direction of the remote beam expanding and focusing module 7. By adjusting the position of the first moving base 32 in the optical axis direction, the focus is adjusted, and the pulsed laser focusing position is continuous in the range of 1.5 to 10 meters or more. Tune.
  • Its lens composition can also be composed of 3 to 10 lenses to realize remote beam expander focusing.
  • the coaxial adjustment portion includes a first mirror 9 and a second mirror 10, wherein the first mirror 9 is disposed on the optical axis of the remote beam expander focusing module 7 at 45 degrees to the optical axis direction thereof, and the second mirror 10 is disposed On the optical axis of the remote signal collecting module 11, at 45 degrees to its optical axis, the center line of the first mirror 9 and the second mirror 10 is perpendicular to the axis of the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 and the remote signal collecting module 11. After the excitation laser passes through the first mirror 9 and the second mirror 10, it is realized in the same axial direction as the remote collection module.
  • the first mirror 9 is a laser dichroic mirror or a central aperture mirror; if there is no laser ranging system 8, the mirror can be a common optical mirror.
  • the direction of the ranging laser emitted by the laser ranging portion 8 is 90 degrees from the optical axis direction of the remote beam expanding focusing module 7, and is connected along the center of the first reflecting mirror 9 and the second reflecting mirror 10, and is incident on the coaxial adjusting portion.
  • the center of the mirror 9 passes through the second mirror 10 to achieve the same axial direction as the optical path of the plasma excitation beam and the remote signal collecting module 11, and is directed to the surface of the liquid metal, and the distance measuring signal is returned to the laser by the original optical path.
  • Distance meter realize laser ranging function.
  • the second moving base 37 is movable in the optical axis direction, and by adjusting the position of the second moving base 37 in the optical axis direction, focus adjustment is performed to realize collection of optical signals at different focus positions.
  • the hyperbolic mirror 38 and the parabolic mirror 39 can also be comprised of a set of spherical mirrors and aspheric mirror sets to make.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic structural view of the real-time imaging portion 12 and the fiber coupling module 13 in the present invention.
  • the fiber-optic coupling module 13 is composed of a third diverging lens 40, a third converging lens 41 and a fourth converging lens 42, which are placed in parallel, and whose optical axis coincides with the optical axis of the remote signal collecting module.
  • the real-time imaging module 12 is composed of an achromatic lens 43 and a CCD 44; the achromatic lens 40 is placed coaxially with the CCD 44, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the remote signal collecting module 11, and passes through the center of the beam splitter 20.
  • the front end high temperature probe 18 is integral with the mid-end optical sensing unit and is mounted on a hydraulic platform that can be moved vertically.
  • the back-end control platform as a manual control, operation and display platform, is placed in the control room, connected to the mid-end optical sensing device through a signal line, and controls the laser signal of the central optical sensing device through the laser ranging portion and real-time imaging.
  • the signal can be transmitted over long distance; controlling the front end high temperature probe 18 gas flow.
  • the back-end control platform of the invention controls the laser ranging portion to measure the distance of the liquid metal surface, adjusts the detection distance and the collection distance according to the measured information, and adjusts the focus, controls the occurrence of the laser signal, and collects and controls the detection signal. Inflated flow, real-time display of surface shape information of the probe point and plasma generation, processing and analysis of the probe data, and manual operation and display functions.
  • the time synchronization controller controls the emission time delay of the two laser pulses and the acquisition time of the spectrometer detection signal. The signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral signal can be improved by optimizing the time delay between the two lasers and the signal acquisition time of the spectrometer.
  • the spectrometer detection signal is transmitted to the computer, and the data is denoised, de-background, peak-seeking, etc. in the computer, and the intensity of the characteristic line of the measured component is obtained.
  • the concentration of the measured component can be calculated by the intensity of the characteristic line and the established intensity-concentration calibration curve.
  • the distance between the laser ranging module 8 and the center of the second mirror 10 is 1 and is a certain value.
  • the autofocus function can be realized, that is, the laser focus position of the remote beam expander focusing module 7 and the signal collection position of the remote signal collecting module 11 are automatically adjusted by the measurement feedback signal of the laser ranging module 8 to make them coincide. On the liquid metal surface 23 to be measured.
  • the device of the invention can realize in-situ detection, and can also realize on-line detection.
  • in-situ inspection refers to the detection without disassembling the original equipment and without interfering with the original production process. Emphasis on spatiality; On-line detection refers to the instantaneous detection of inspection objects on the production line, emphasizing temporality.
  • the working process of the device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the front end high temperature resistant optical probe 18 is slowly infiltrated into the melt (metallurgical liquid metal 22) by the lifting mechanism, and the gas flow rate of the gas tube 16 and the gas tube 17 is 30 L/min to form an inert gas path environment.
  • the front end high temperature resistant optical probe 18 is inserted into a fixed position when the depth of the liquid surface is between 20 cm and 30 cm, and the laser ranging portion 18 starts to work, and a distance measuring laser is emitted to measure the position of the metallurgical liquid metal surface 23 to be measured in the high temperature resistant probe 18. Feedback to the backend control platform.
  • the back-end control platform adjusts the position of the first moving base 32 and the second moving base 37 in the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 and the remote signal collecting module 11 by the distance position measured by the laser ranging portion, so that the focus of the measuring laser is focused.
  • the location and location of the remote signal collection are the same and are on the metallurgical liquid metal surface 23.
  • the first laser head 26 and the second laser head 27 receive the signal of the rear end control platform to emit laser light; the laser light emitted by the first laser head 26 passes through the first half-wave plate 28 and the first polarization beam splitter 30.
  • the second polarization beam splitter 31 is incident on the remote beam expander focusing module 7 in the optical axis direction of the remote beam expander module 7; the laser light emitted by the second laser head 27 passes through the second half wave plate 29 and the second polarization beam splitter. 31, the laser beam is combined with the laser beam emitted by the first laser head 26, and is also incident on the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 in the optical axis direction of the remote beam expanding focusing module 7.
  • the combined two laser beams are passed through the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 to form a large-diameter focusing wide beam, which is incident on the first reflecting mirror 9 of the coaxial adjusting portion, and the first reflecting mirror 9 is disposed in the remote beam expanding focusing module.
  • the optical axis direction of 7 is 45 degrees with respect to its optical axis; the laser light after passing through the first mirror 9 is reflected to the second mirror 10, and the second mirror 10 is disposed in the optical axis direction of the remote signal collecting module 11, And being at 45 degrees to the optical axis thereof, and the center line connecting the first mirror 9 and the second mirror 10 is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the remote beam expanding focusing module 7 and the remote signal collecting module 11, and the second mirror 10 is two
  • the beam focus laser is reflected to the optical axis direction of the remote signal collecting module 11, so that the excitation and collection optical paths are in the same axial direction.
  • the two beams of combined laser light are passed through the second mirror 10 and the optical window 15 to be focused on the metallurgical liquid metal surface 23 to form a plasma; the light emitted by the plasma passes through the optical window 15 and is incident on the remote signal collecting module 11
  • a parabolic mirror 39 and a hyperbolic mirror 38 form a parallel beam.
  • the beam splitter 20 is disposed in the optical axis direction of the remote signal collecting module 11 and is at 45 degrees from the optical axis. After the parallel signal light passes through the beam splitter 20, the light is partially reflected to the real-time display system 12, and the surface of the sampling point can be observed in real time. With the plasma formation, feedback to the back-end control platform, the focus position can be finely adjusted; the remaining part of the parallel signal light is incident into the fiber-coupling module 13 also disposed in the optical axis direction of the remote signal collecting module 11, after passing through the optical fiber 21 The spectrometer 14 is entered to complete the collection of the plasma signal light.
  • the spectrometer splits and photoelectrically converts the collected plasma emission light, and transmits the converted electrical signal to the console through the cable for data analysis and processing.
  • the mid-end optical sensing device 19 is an oven and controls the temperature below 30 °C.

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Abstract

一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置及监测方法。该检测装置包括前端耐高温探头(18)、中端光学传感装置(19)和后端控制平台(24)。前端耐高温探头(18)的头部置入液态金属(22)中,尾部与中端光学传感装置(19)同轴连接,连接处装有光学窗口(15);中端光学传感装置(19)通过信号线(25)连接后端控制平台(24)。该检测装置及检测方法能够为质量控制和冶炼终点提供及时有效的消息,大大缩短了检测时间,探测距离可大范围调节,测量结果准确,能够实现对C、S、P等难测成分的测量。

Description

一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高温液态成分远距离在线监控技术领域,具体地说是一种远距离冶金 液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测装置及方法。
背景技术
金属及合金在冶炼过程中需要检测化学成分的变化, 以此控制产品质量, 并判断 冶炼终点。 目前, 由于缺乏先进有效的在线测量技术, 冶炼过程普遍采用人工取样和 制样的离线检测方式。例如,在炼钢过程中,对高温钢液的检测需要通过取样、冷却、 打磨、抛光等一系列过程后, 再拿到分析仪器上进行测量和分析, 整个过程需要花费 3〜5分钟时间, 占去冶炼时间的十分之一以上。 这种费时的离线检测方式不仅造成质 量控制落后, 同时也造成大量资源、能源的浪费, 并且检测设备价格昂贵、体积庞大, 难以适应现代冶炼生产要求。
激光诱导击穿光谱技术 (LIBS ) 是一种利用激光激发等离子体, 再利用等离子 体的发射光谱进行元素探测分析的技术。其不需要繁琐的样品预处理过程,对样品的 形貌、 尺寸要求不严格, 样品量消耗低, 同时适用于固体、 液体、 气体, 并且可以对 多元素进行同时测定, 因此在原位、 在线、 快速、 远程分析方面展现出卓越的应用价 值。
随着冶金行业生产模式的日益大型化、 高速化和连续化, 对原位、在线检测液态 金属成分技术的需求日渐迫切, 开始出现基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术 (LIBS ) 的在 线检测装置。
文献 ( Reinhard Noll, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer 2012 ) 介绍了目前运用 LIBS技术的测设备的研究现状。 应用 于金属成分分析设备主要以近距离实验室设备为主, 其测量准确, 所需时间短(几十 秒), 但设备体积庞大, 并且对环境要求较高, 不能很好的适应钢厂等复杂环境的在 线监测。
文献 (林晓梅, 曹继庆, 殷庆辉, 刘晓庆, 基于 LIBS技术的 AOD炉硅含量在 线分析, 镁合金, 2009 ( 1 ): 41-44 ) 介绍了一种利用 LIBS技术, 对 AOD炉中 Si 元素含量检测的装置, 其利用自身设计的取样器, 在炉中进行取样, 之后在设备的样 本池中进行成分检测, 检测距离较近, 结构设计相对复杂, 并且只能对单一元素进行 测量, 而无法对多种元素进行同时测量。
文献 ( G. Mathy, B. Monfort, B. Vanderheyden, V. Tusset, Liquid steel process: advanced on line sensors under development at CRM. Metall. Anal. 30(Suppl. 1), 6 - 14 (2010) )介绍了利用牛顿望远镜系统实现远距离 LIBS探测的 TeleLis系统, 其可以实 现在 3〜12米的范围内对所需测量样品进行元素成分分析。 但由于其前部光路为开放 式结构, 周围环境及空气会对光谱准确性造成影响, 并且 C、 S、 P等元素的特征谱 线在紫外区,开放式光路中的空气成分对其吸收强烈,无法对这些特征元素进行测量。
文献 ( Robert De Saro, Arel Weisberg, and Joe Craparo , In Situ, Real Time Measurement of Aluminum, Steel, and Glass Melt Chemistries Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, 2005 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 2005 ) 报道了在工业现场对铝合金溶液中 Al、 Cu、 Fe、 Mn等元素在线测量的装置, 其将探头插入炉体中, 直接对金属溶液表面进行测量。 但其探头内部含有光学结构, 需要对其进行保护, 探头结构复杂。
文献 ( Mohamed A. Khater, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for light elements detection in steel: State of the art, Spectrochimica Acta Part B 81 (2013) 1 - 10 ) 介绍了 在金属冶炼中, 利用 LIBS技术对轻元素的监测状况, 因其特征光谱主要集中在紫外 与深紫外区, 目前主要方法为产生惰性气体环境或真空环境来进行测量, 而特殊气体 光路环境都相对较短, 并不能很好的适应工厂的恶劣环境。
综上所述, 目前并没有可以很好适用于钢铁冶炼工厂恶劣环境的多元素 (C、 S、 P等非金属元素) 同时测量的基于 LIBS技术的, 结构简便, 适用性强, 制造成本与 维护成本较低廉的成套在线监测设备, 现有设备在结构复杂性、环境需求、 可测量需 求等方面都存在不同的限制, 应用范围都相对狭窄。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种为质量控制和冶炼终点提供及时有效的信 息的冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置及方法, 大大缩短了检测时间, 探测距 离可大范围调节, 可灵活安装与使用, 大幅提高产品质量、 降低生产成本及降低能源 消耗; 并且应用双脉冲方法, 可以有效的提高光谱质量, 抑制噪声, 增强测量结果的 准确行与稳定性; 能够实现对 C、 S、 P等难测成分的测量。
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是:
本发明具有以下有益效果及优点:
无需采样、 制样, 对高温熔体金属成分进行原位、 在线检测, 大大缩短了检测时 间, 为冶金生产过程提供实时信息, 大幅提高产品质量、 降低生产成本及降低能源消 耗;
采用插入式耐高温探头,避免熔体表面炉渣等杂质对测量影响,测量结果能够真 实反映被测物状态, 结果准确;
耐高温探头结构简单, 内部无其他光学结构, 设计与制造成本都相对低廉, 且可 根据不同需要进行不同长度的更换;
通过惰性气体环境的光路传输, 能够实现对 C、 S、 P等难测成分的测量; 测量距离根据所选耐高温探头长度可变化, 可实现 1.5〜10米或以上距离的探测, 可以灵活应用于不同的环境条件;
通过双脉冲合束的方式, 实现双脉冲激光对样品的等离子体激发,增强等离子体 信号的强度, 并降低噪声, 相对于单脉冲激发方式, 可以大幅提高检测的精度和稳定 度;
本发明适用范围广, 不仅可以应用于冶金熔体金属的测量, 也同样适用于其他普 通液体的测量, 以及气体、 固体物质的测量;
拆卸掉耐高温探头, 可作为远距离元素在线分析仪器使用, 可实现 1.5〜10米或 以上的远距离探测。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的总体结构示意图;
图 2是本发明中激光发生模块的结构示意图; 图 3是本发明中远程扩束聚焦模块和远程信号收集模块的结构示意图; 图 4是本发明中实时成像模块和光纤耦合模块的结构示意图。
其中, 1 为激光器电源和控制单元、 2 为时间同步控制器、 3 进气控制单元、 4 位移平台控制单元、 5为温度控制单元、 6为激光发生模块、 7为远程扩束聚焦模块、 8为激光测距模块、 9为第一反射镜、 10为第二反射镜、 11为远程信号收集模块、 12 为实时成像模块、 13为光纤耦合模块、 14为光纤光谱仪、 15为光学窗口、 16为耐高 温探头进气管、 17为耐高温探头出气管、 18为耐高温探头、 19为中端光学传感装置、 20为分光片、 21为光纤、 22为液态金属、 23为液态金属表面、 24为后端控制平台、 25为信号线、 26为第一激光头、 27为第二激光头、 28为第一半波片、 29为第二半 波片、 30为第一偏振分光片、 31为第二偏振分光片、 32为第一移动底座、 33为第一 发散透镜、 34为第二发散透镜、 35为第一会聚透镜、 36为第二会聚透镜、 37为第二 移动底座、 38为双曲面反射镜、 39为抛物面反射镜、 40为第三发散透镜、 41为第三 会聚透镜、 42为第四会聚透镜、 43为消色差透镜、 44为 CCD。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本专利做进一步说明。
如图 1所示, 为本发明的总体结构示意图, 包括前端耐高温光学探头 18、 中端光学传感装置 19以及后端控制平台 24, 其中:
前端耐高温探头 18的前端置入冶金液态金属 22中, 内部形成一个密封的腔体, 通过气管 16, 充入惰性气体, 形成一个惰性气体的光路环境; 中端光学传感装置 19 接收后端控制平台 24的操作信号, 首先通过激光测距部分 8测得与冶金液态金属表 面 23之间的距离,根据反馈信号调节远程扩束聚焦模块 Ί与远程信号收集模块 11中 的第一移动底座 34与第二移动底座 37,使探测激光聚焦至液态金属表面 23,信号收 集点在同一位置; 激光器接收后端控制平台的触发信号, 产生探测激光, 并经过远程 扩束聚焦模块 7与反射镜, 与远程信号收集模块 11实现共轴向, 聚焦至液态金属表 面 23, 产生等离子体; 并通过实时成像模块 12, 实时观察聚焦点位置形貌与产生的 等离子体情况; 产生的等离子体信号光, 经过远程信号收集模块 11后, 经过光纤耦 合模块 13与光纤 21, 进入光纤光谱仪 14, 完成对等离子体光谱信号的采集。
前端耐高温探头 18,其前端置入冶金液态金属 22中,内部形成一个密封的空间, 充入惰性气体, 实现一个惰性气体的光路环境, 其内部无光学元件, 容易更换; 前端 耐高温探头包括外部耐火材料部分, 充气部分, 其头部为开口式结构, 尾部与中端光 学传感装置连接, 当其插入冶金液态金属中时, 其内部形成一个密封腔体, 通过充气 部分, 对其内部充入惰性气体, 形成一个惰性气体空间, 使激发激光与收集的等离子 体光的光路处于惰性气体环境中。
中端光学传感装置 19, 通过望远镜结构实现远距离等离子体激发与信号光收集 功能, 并实现激发与收集光路同轴, 探测距离可根据需要进行调节, 可自动对焦, 探 测物表面形态可实时观测功能的远程激光诱导击穿光谱传感装置,其中包括激光发生 模块 6, 远程扩束聚焦模块 7, 远程信号收集模块 11, 共轴调节部分 (第一反射镜 9 与第二反射镜 10), 激光测距模块 8, 实时成像模块 12, 光谱采集部分, 其激发与收 集光路空间为前端耐高温探头形成的惰性气体环境;
中端光学传感装置中激光发生模块 6 通过接收后端控制平台的激光发生信号生 成单束激光光束或双束同轴激光光束,光束的出射方向为远程扩束聚焦模块 7的轴线 方向, 激光通过远程扩束聚焦模块 7后, 入射进共轴调节部分, 经过共轴调节部分, 实现激发光路光轴与远程信号收集模块 11光轴同轴, 使激光通过前端耐高温探头 18 的惰性气体光路环境, 聚焦到被测液态金属表面 23, 形成等离子体; 激光测距模块 8 所发出激光与从远程扩束聚焦模块 7出射的激发激光成 90度的方向入射进共轴调节 部分, 经过共轴调节部分, 实现与激发激光光路和远程信号收集模块 11 同轴向, 射 向液态金属表面 23 ; 产生的等离子体信号, 通过前端耐高温探头 18的惰性气体光路 环境, 进入到远程信号收集模块 11, 经过远程信号收集模块 11后, 经过分光片 20, 部分等离子体信号光入射进实时成像模块 12, 实现对探测点的表面形貌实时监测, 剩余部分光, 入射进光谱采集部分, 实现对等离子体信号光的采集; 分光片 20与远 程信号收集模块 11的光轴方向成 45度角。 中端光学传感装置 19整体为恒温密封箱 体, 在同轴光路方向, 有光学窗口 15。
温度控制模块 5通过信号线 25连接后端控制平台 24, 其由温度传感器和温度调 节装置组成, 用于对中端光学传感装置 19的内部温度实时监测与调节, 使其保持在 所需求的温度范围内。
实时成像模块 12接收通过分光片 20反射的部分信号光与场景背景光,并反馈到 后端控制平台 24, 实时显示液态金属表面 23的形貌与等离子体形成的情况, 并根据 实际情况对聚焦与收集位置进行更细的实时调整。
光谱采集部分包括光纤耦合模块 13, 光纤 21, 光谱仪 14组成; 光纤耦合模块 13安置在经过分光片 20后的等离子体信号光的光轴上, 光纤 21与光纤耦合模块 13 和光纤光谱仪 14相连; 经分光片 20后的信号光, 入射至光纤耦合模块 13的光轴上, 经过光纤耦合模块 13,使信号光耦合进光纤 21,后进入光谱仪 14实现对信号光的采 集。
光谱采集部分也可直接由光学耦合系统和光栅光谱仪组成,光学耦合系统安置在 经分光片后的等离子体信号光的光轴上,信号光经过光学耦合系统后,进入到光栅光 谱仪中实现信号光的采集。
如图 2所示, 为本发明中激光发生模块 6 的结构示意图, 所述激光发生模块 6 包括激光产生与合束部分, 包括第一激光头 26、 第二激光头 27、 第一半波片 28、 第 二半波片 29、 第一偏振分光片 30、 第二偏振分光片 31 ; 其中第一半波片 28与第一 偏振分光片 30依次放在第一激光头 26所发出激光的入射方向,分别激光光线方向成 垂直与布儒斯特角角度; 第二半波片 29与第二偏振分光片 31放置在第二激光头 27 所发出激光的入射方向, 分别与激光光线方向成垂直与布儒斯特角角度; 第一偏振分 光片 30将第一激光头 26所发出的脉冲激光反射至第二偏振分光片 31, 通过第二偏 振分光片 31后射向远程聚焦部分的光轴方向;第二激光头 27所发出的脉冲激光通过 第二半波片 29与第二偏振分光片 31射向远程聚焦部分的光轴方向; 实现合束功能。
通过双脉冲合束的方式, 实现双脉冲激光对样品的等离子体激发,增强等离子体 信号的强度, 并降低噪声, 相对于单脉冲激发方式, 可以大幅提高检测的精度和稳定 度。
如实现单光束激光生成,可去掉第一激光头 26、第一半波片 28、第二半波片 29、 第一偏振分光片 30、 第二偏振分光片 31, 只保留第二激光头 27, 其激光出射方向为 远程扩束聚焦模块 Ί的光轴方向。
第一偏振分光片 30与第二偏振分光片 31的合束功能,也可用反射镜与偏振分光 棱镜的组合来实现。
如图 3所示, 为本发明中远程扩束聚焦模块 7和远程信号收集模块 11的结构示 意图。 所述远程扩束聚焦模块 7包括第一发散透镜 33、 第二发散透镜 34、 第一汇聚 透镜 35、 第二汇聚透镜 36、 第一移动底座 32; 第一发散透镜 33、 第二发散透镜 34、 第一会聚透镜 35与第二会聚透镜 36同轴,第一发散透镜 33与第二发散透镜 34安置 在第一移动底座 32上; 第一移动底座 32在远程扩束聚焦模块的光轴方向可以移动; 同轴调整部分包括第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10, 其中第一反射镜 9安置在远程扩 束聚焦模块 7的光轴上, 与其光轴方向成 45度,第二反射镜 10安置在远程信号收集 模块 11的光轴上, 与其光轴成 45度, 第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10的中心连线与 远程扩束聚焦模块 7、 远程信号收集模块 11 的光轴方向垂直; 激发激光经过第一反 射镜 9与第二反射镜 10后, 实现与远程收集模块同轴向, 第一反射镜 9为中心带孔 反射镜或激光二向色镜;激光测距部分 8所发出的测距激光方向与远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴方向成 90度, 入射至同轴调整部分第一反射镜 9的中心; 远程信号收集模 块由双曲面反射镜 38、 抛物面反射镜 39、 第二移动底座 37组成; 双曲面反射镜 38 与抛物面反射镜 39 同轴, 即其轴向为远程信号收集模块 11 的轴向, 双曲面反射镜 38安置在第二移动底座 37上; 第二移动底座 37在光轴方向可移动, 通过调节第二 移动底座 37在光轴方向上的位置, 实现不同焦点位置的光信号的收集。 等离子体信 号光通过前端高温探头的惰性气体环境, 经过抛物面反射镜 39 与双曲面反射镜 38 形成平行光束。
第一移动底座 32在远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴方向可移动, 通过调节第一移动 底座 32在光轴方向的位置, 聚焦调整, 实现脉冲激光聚焦位置在 1.5〜10米以上范围 连续可调。
其透镜组成, 也可有 3〜10片透镜组成, 实现远程扩束聚焦功能。
同轴调整部分包括第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10, 其中第一反射镜 9安置在远 程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴上, 与其光轴方向成 45度,第二反射镜 10安置在远程信号 收集模块 11的光轴上, 与其光轴成 45度, 第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10的中心连 线与远程扩束聚焦模块 7、 远程信号收集模块 11 的轴线相垂直, 激发激光经过第一 反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10后, 实现与远程收集模块同轴向。
第一反射镜 9为激光二向色镜或中心开孔反射镜; 如无激光测距系统 8, 反射镜 可为普通光学反射镜。
激光测距部分 8所发出的测距激光方向与远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴方向成 90 度, 沿第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10的中心连线, 入射至同轴调整部分反射镜 9的 中心, 经过第二反射镜 10后, 实现与等离子体激发光束光路和远程信号收集模块 11 光路同轴向, 射向液态金属表面, 其测距信号光按原光路返回至激光测距仪, 实现激 光测距功能。
第二移动底座 37在光轴方向可移动,通过调节第二移动底座 37在光轴方向上的 位置, 聚焦调整, 实现不同焦点位置的光信号的收集。
双曲面反射镜 38与抛物面反射镜 39也可由一组球面反射镜和非球面反射镜组 成。
如图 4所示, 为本发明中实时成像部分 12与光纤耦合模块 13的结构示意图。光 纤耦合模块 13由第三发散透镜 40, 第三会聚透镜 41与第四会聚透镜 42组成, 共轴 平行放置, 其光轴与远程信号收集模块光轴重合。
实时成像模块 12由消色差透镜 43与 CCD44组成; 消色差透镜 40与 CCD44共 轴放置, 其轴线方向与远程信号收集模块 11的光轴方向垂直, 并通过分光片 20的中 心。
前端耐高温探头 18与中端光学传感装置为一整体, 安装在可以垂直方向移动的 液压平台上。
后端控制平台, 作为人工控制、 操作和显示平台, 置于控制室内, 与中端光学传 感装置通过信号线连接,控制中端光学传感装置的激光信号,通过激光测距部分与实 时成像部分的信息, 控制远程扩束聚焦模块 7与远程信号收集模块 11中的位移平台 等的移动, 接收中端光学传感装置发送的电信号进行处理, 信号可远距离传输; 控制 前端耐高温探头 18气的流量。
本发明的后端控制平台部分控制激光测距部分进行液态金属表面距离测量,根据 测量所得信息, 进行探测距离与收集距离的调整, 以及聚焦调整, 控制激光信号的发 生, 探测信号的采集, 控制充气的流量, 实时显示探测点表面形态信息与等离子体产 生情况, 同时对探测数据进行处理和分析, 以及提供人工操作和显示功能。 时间同步 控制器控制两束激光脉冲的发射时间延时及光谱仪探测信号的采集时间。通过优化两 束激光之间的时间延时与光谱仪信号采集时间可以提高光谱信号的信噪比。光谱仪探 测信号传输到计算机中, 在计算机中对数据进行去噪、 去背景、 寻峰等处理过程, 获 得被测成分特征谱线的强度。通过特征谱线的强度及已经建立的强度——浓度标定曲 线便可以计算出被测成分的浓度。
聚焦调整的步骤如下:
设激光测距模块 8到第二反射镜 10中心的距离为 1, 为一定值, 第二反射镜 10 到所测液态金属表面 23的距离为 s, 则激光测距模块 8测得的量 a=l+s;
第一移动底座 32在其自身移动的范围内,其移动的位置值 xl与使激光聚焦的位 置值 si成一单调函数, 有唯一确定值与其对应, 设其对应关系为 xl=fl(sl), 而 si可 表示为 s与一常数偏移量 11的加和形式, 即 sl=s+ll, 则 xl=fl(s+ll);
第二移动底座 37在其自身移动的范围内,其移动的位置值 x2与信号光收集位置 的位置值 s2也成一单调函数, 有唯一确定值与其对应, 设其对应关系为 x2=£2(S2), 而 s2也可表示为 s与一常数偏移量 12的加和形式, 即 s2=s+12, 则 x2=£2(;s+12); 通过对 xl=fl(s+ll)与 x2=£2(s+12)函数进行标定, 则可通过已知 s, 得到 xl与 x2 的值, 即可通过激光测距得到的 a值, 来得到第一移动底座 32与第二移动底座 37所 要移动的位置 xl与 x2的值, 实现聚焦调整。
通过上述方法与步骤, 可以实现自动对焦功能, 即通过激光测距模块 8的测量反 馈信号, 自动调节远程扩束聚焦模块 7的激光聚焦位置与远程信号收集模块 11的信 号收集位置, 使其重合在所要测量的液态金属表面 23上。
本发明装置即可以实现原位检测, 也可以实现在线检测。 原位 (in-situ) 和在线 (online)的区别在于, 原位检测是指在不拆卸原设备、 不干扰原生产过程下的检测, 强调空间性; 在线检测是指对生产线上的检测对象进行瞬间检测, 强调时间性。采用 本发明装置可以实现不干扰生产过程的瞬间快速检测。
以检测冶金液态钢为例, 本发明装置的工作过程如下:
首先通过升降机构将前端耐高温光学探头 18慢慢探入熔体 (冶金液态金属 22) 中, 充气管 16与充气管 17开启气体流量为 30 L/min, 形成惰性气体光路环境。前端 耐高温光学探头 18插入液面深度在 20cm至 30cm之间时固定位置, 激光测距部分 18开始工作,发出测距激光,测得耐高温探头 18中所要测量的冶金液态金属表面 23 位置, 反馈给后端控制平台。
后端控制平台通过激光测距部分测得的距离位置,对远程扩束聚焦模块 7和远程 信号收集模块 11中的第一移动底座 32与第二移动底座 37进行位置调节, 使测量激 光的聚焦位置和远程信号收集的位置相同, 并在冶金液态金属表面 23上。
位置调整完毕后,第一激光头 26与第二激光头 27接收后端控制平台的信号,发 出激光; 第一激光头 26所发出的激光经过第一半波片 28、第一偏振分光片 30、第二 偏振分光片 31 以远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴方向, 入射进远程扩束聚焦模块 7; 第 二激光头 27所发出的激光经过第二半波片 29和第二偏振分光片 31, 实现与第一激 光头 26所发出的激光合束, 同样以远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴方向入射进远程扩束 聚焦模块 7。
合束后的两束激光, 经过远程扩束聚焦模块 7, 形成直径较大的聚焦宽光束, 入 射至共轴调节部分的第一反射镜 9, 第一反射镜 9安置在远程扩束聚焦模块 7的光轴 方向, 并与其光轴成 45度; 经过第一反射镜 9后的激光被反射至第二反射镜 10, 第 二反射镜 10被安置在远程信号收集模块 11的光轴方向, 并与其光轴成 45度, 并且 第一反射镜 9与第二反射镜 10的中心连线与远程扩束聚焦模块 7、 远程信号收集模 块 11 的光轴方向垂直, 第二反射镜 10把两束聚焦激光反射至远程信号收集模块 11 的光轴方向, 实现激发与收集光路同轴向。
两束合束激光被经过第二反射镜 10与光学窗口 15,聚焦至冶金液态金属表面 23, 形成等离子体; 等离子体发射的光线, 经过光学窗口 15后, 入射进远程信号收集模 块 11, 在远程信号收集模块 11中, 经过抛物面反射镜 39与双曲面反射镜 38, 形成 平行光束。
分光片 20安置在远程信号收集模块 11的光轴方向, 并与光轴成 45度; 平行信 号光经过分光片 20后, 部分被反射至实时显示系统 12, 可以实时观测采样点表面的 形貌与等离子体形成情况, 反馈给后端控制平台, 可对聚焦位置进行细小调整; 剩余 部分平行信号光入射进同样安置在远程信号收集模块 11光轴方向上的光纤耦合模块 13, 经过光纤 21后进入光谱仪 14, 完成等离子体信号光的采集。
光谱仪将收集到的等离子体发射光线进行分光和光电转换,将转换的电信号通过 电缆传送给控制台进行数据分析和处理。 中端光学传感装置 19为恒温箱体, 将温度 控制在 30°C以下。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测装置, 其特征在于: 前端耐高温探头 (18),其头部置入液态金属 (22)中,尾部与中端光学传感装置 (19) 同轴连接,连接处装有光学窗口 (15), 中端光学传感装置 (19)通过信号线 (25)连接后端 控制平台 (24)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于: 所述中端光学传感装置 (19)中, 在激光发生模块 (6)发出激光光束的轴线 方向同轴设置远程扩束聚焦模块 (7);
第一反射镜 (9)设置在远程扩束聚焦模块 (7)出射方向的光轴上,与其光轴成 45度 角, 第二反射镜 (10)设置在远程信号收集模块 (11)入射方向的光轴上, 与其光轴成 45 度角,第一反射镜 (9)与第二反射镜 (10)的中心连线与远程扩束聚焦模块 (7)、远程信号 收集模块 (11)的轴线垂直;
在远程信号收集模块 (11)出射方向的光轴上分别设置分光片 (20)和光纤耦合模块 (13), 光纤耦合模块 (13)通过光纤 (21)连接光纤光谱仪 (14), 光纤光谱仪 (14)通过信号 线 (25)连接后端控制平台 (24);
实时成像模块 (12)垂直设置于分光片 (20)反射方向的光轴上, 并通过信号线 (25) 连接后端控制平台 (24)。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于: 所述前端耐高温探头 (18)为倒锥形, 内部充入惰性气体, 使激发的激光 光束与收集的等离子体信号光的光路处于密闭惰性气体环境。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测 装置, 其特征在于: 所述后端控制平台 (24)包括激光器电源和控制单元 (1)、 时间同步 控制器 (2)、 进气控制单元 (3)和位移平台控制单元 (4), 上述单元均通过信号线 (25)连 接中端光学传感装置 (19)。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于,还包括在第一反射镜 (9)与第二反射镜 (10)中心连线方向上设置激光测距 模块 (8), 激光测距模块 (8)通过信号线 (25)连接后端控制平台 (24)。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于, 所述中端光学传感装置 (19)中, 还包括温度控制模块 (5), 并通过信号线 (25)连接后端控制平台 (24); 所述温度控制模块 (5)包括温度传感器和温度调节装置, 用于对中端光学传感装置 (19)的内部温度实时监测与调节。
7. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测 装置, 其特征在于, 所述激光发生模块 (6)包括两组激光头、 半波片和偏振分光片; 所述半波片同轴设置于激光头的激光出射方向的光轴上, 且垂直于光轴; 所述偏振分光片同轴设置于半波片的出射方向的光轴上,与光轴成布儒斯特角 角度, 且第二偏振分光片 (31)能够接收到第一偏振分光片 (30)反射的激光光束。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于,所述远程扩束聚焦模块 (7)包括第一移动底座 (32)以及在激光发生模块 (6) 的出射方向同轴设置的发散透镜和会聚透镜; 所述第一移动底座 (32)在激光发生模块 (6)出射方向的光轴上可移动;
所述发散透镜垂直于光轴设置于第一移动底座 (32)内;
所述会聚透镜垂直于光轴设置于第一移动底座 (32)与第一反射镜 (9)之间。
9. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于, 所述远程信号收集模块 (11)由第二移动底座 (37)、双曲面反射镜 (38)和抛 物面反射镜 (39)组成, 并通过信号线 (25)与后端控制平台 (24)连接;
所述第二移动底座 (32)在第二反射镜 (10)的出射方向的光轴上可移动;
所述双曲面反射镜 (38)平行且与第二反射镜 (10)的出射方向同轴, 且设置于第二 移动底座 (37)内;
所述抛物面反射镜 (39)设置于双曲面反射镜 (38)与分光片之间, 且中心留有中心 孔。
10. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于, 所述远程信号收集模块 (11)由第二移动底座 (37)、 球面反射镜和非球面 反射镜组成, 并通过信号线 (25)与后端控制平台 (24)连接;
所述第二移动底座 (32)在第二反射镜 (10)的出射方向的光轴上可移动;
所述球面反射镜平行且与第二反射镜 (10)的出射方向同轴, 且设置于第二移动底 座 (37)内;
所述非球面反射镜设置于球面反射镜与分光片之间, 且中心留有中心孔。
11. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于, 所述光纤耦合模块 (13)包括依次共轴平行放置的第三发散透镜 (40)、 第 三会聚透镜 (41)和第四会聚透镜 (42), 其光轴与远程信号收集模块光轴重合。
12. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、在线检测装置, 其特征在于, 所述实时成像模块 (12)包括消色差透镜 (43)和 CCD(44); 消色差透镜 (43) 与 CCD(44)共轴放置, 其轴线方向与远程信号收集模块 (11)的光轴方向垂直, 并通过 分光片 (20)的中心。
13. 一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测方法, 其特征在于, 包括以 下步骤:
将前端耐高温光学探头 (18)头部置入液态金属 (22)中,通过耐高温探头进气管 (16) 充入惰性气体, 形成密闭惰性气体环境;
激光测距模块 (8)发射测距激光,经过第一反射镜 (9)和第二反射镜 (10)后照射到液 态金属表面 (23), 测得液态金属表面 (23)的位置信息, 反馈到后端控制平台 (24); 后端控制平台 (24)通过激光测距模块 (8)反馈的液态金属表面 (23)位置信息, 对第 一移动底座 (32)和第二移动底座 (37)进行聚焦调整, 使激发等离子体的激光聚焦焦点 位置与远程信号收集的位置重合于液态金属表面 (23);
激光发生模块 (6)接收后端控制平台 (24)的激光发生信号, 发出激光光束, 通过远 程扩束聚焦模块 (7)后照射到第一反射镜 (9), 反射后的激光光束通过第二反射镜 (10), 并通过前端耐高温探头 (18)的惰性气体环境照射到液态金属表面 (23), 产生等离子体 信号光;
产生的等离子体信号光通过前端耐高温探头 (18)的惰性气体环境传送到远程信 号收集模块 (11), 通过远程信号收集模块 (11)中的抛物面反射镜 (39)与双曲面反射镜 (38)形成平行等离子体信号光, 并通过分光片 (20)传送到光纤耦合模块 (13);
平行等离子体信号光通过光纤耦合模块 (13)后, 通过光纤 (21)传送到光纤光谱仪 (14)进行光信号采集与光电转换, 并反馈给后端控制平台 (24), 完成等离子体信号光 的采集。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的一种远距离冶金液态金属成分的原位、 在线检测方 法, 其特征在于, 还包括实时成像模块 (12)接收通过分光片 (20)反射的部分信号光与 场景背景光, 并反馈到后端控制平台 (24), 实时显示液态金属表面 (23)的形貌与等离 子体形成的情况, 并对聚焦与收集位置进行实时调整。
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