WO2014199599A1 - 光源装置、プロジェクター、およびプロジェクションシステム - Google Patents
光源装置、プロジェクター、およびプロジェクションシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014199599A1 WO2014199599A1 PCT/JP2014/002988 JP2014002988W WO2014199599A1 WO 2014199599 A1 WO2014199599 A1 WO 2014199599A1 JP 2014002988 W JP2014002988 W JP 2014002988W WO 2014199599 A1 WO2014199599 A1 WO 2014199599A1
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- discharge lamp
- drive current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2053—Intensity control of illuminating light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency ac, or with separate oscillator frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2026—Gas discharge type light sources, e.g. arcs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
- H04N13/315—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being time-variant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/324—Colour aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/312—Driving therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3155—Modulator illumination systems for controlling the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/2885—Static converters especially adapted therefor; Control thereof
- H05B41/2887—Static converters especially adapted therefor; Control thereof characterised by a controllable bridge in the final stage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2928—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/36—Controlling
- H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
- H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
- H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
- H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
- H05B41/3927—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by pulse width modulation
- H05B41/3928—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by pulse width modulation for high-pressure lamps, e.g. high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/341—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using temporal multiplexing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light source device, a projector, and a projection system.
- a discharge lamp such as a high-pressure mercury lamp emits light by arc discharge in a plasma gas.
- a 3D-compatible projector realizing stereoscopic image display has been put into practical use.
- an input signal is divided into a left-eye signal and a right-eye signal, which are sequentially sent alternately, and a left-eye image and a right-eye image are alternately projected.
- the observer wears active shutter glasses in which two shutters are alternately opened and closed, and selectively views the left-eye image with the left eye and the right-eye image with the right eye. Thereby, the observer recognizes the video that he / she is viewing as a stereoscopic video.
- the above active shutter glasses are worn, the image that enters the viewer's eyes is blocked by the shutter for approximately half the period. Therefore, there arises a problem that the image becomes dark.
- Patent Document 1 a projector that employs a method of dimming a discharge lamp in synchronization with active shutter glasses.
- These projectors perform a dimming operation that increases the brightness of the discharge lamp when the shutter of the glasses is opened and decreases the brightness of the discharge lamp when the shutter is closed.
- the power supplied to the discharge lamp is increased when the shutter is opened, and the power supplied to the discharge lamp is decreased when the shutter is closed.
- the brightness when the shutter is open can be increased by the amount that the brightness is reduced when the shutter is closed, without changing the average brightness of the discharge lamp. . Thereby, the observer can visually recognize a bright image.
- the cause of the decrease in the illuminance of a discharge lamp is that the electrode material evaporated by arc discharge adheres to the inner wall of the arc tube of the discharge lamp, crystallizes due to the high temperature of the inner wall of the arc tube, and becomes clouded and transmitted.
- devitrification which reduces the rate
- electrode wear due to arc discharge is known.
- One aspect of the present invention is made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and suppresses the consumption of the electrode of the discharge lamp when driving the discharge lamp having a power difference. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light source device that can improve the lifetime of the projector and a projector using such a light source device. Another object is to provide a projection system using such a projector.
- a light source device includes a discharge lamp that emits light, a discharge lamp driving unit that supplies a driving current that drives the discharge lamp to the discharge lamp, and a control unit that controls the discharge lamp driving unit.
- the drive current waveform of the drive current alternately has a first period and a second period, and the absolute value of the drive current in the first period is the drive in the second period
- An AC current of 750 Hz or more is supplied to the discharge lamp as the drive current in the first period, which is relatively small with respect to the absolute value of the current.
- the movement of the arc bright spot is considered as one of the causes of electrode consumption when driving a discharge lamp with a power difference.
- the movement of the arc bright spot is likely to occur when the power supplied to the discharge lamp is changed from a large state to a small state.
- the arc bright spot moves, the melting position of the electrode and the amount of melting of the electrode change. As a result, the shape of the electrode becomes unstable, and the electrode is easily consumed.
- a high-frequency current of 750 Hz or more is used in the first period in which the absolute value of the drive current is small, in other words, the power is small. Therefore, when the electric power supplied to the discharge lamp becomes small, the movement of the arc bright spot is suppressed, and as a result, the consumption of the electrode is suppressed. Therefore, the life of the discharge lamp can be improved.
- the absolute value of the drive current in the first period may be 80% or less of the absolute value of the drive current in the second period. According to this configuration, a light source device suitable for use in a 3D-compatible projector can be obtained.
- an alternating current may be supplied to the discharge lamp as the driving current. According to this configuration, electrode consumption can be further suppressed.
- alternating currents having opposite phases as the drive current may be supplied to the discharge lamp. According to this configuration, since both electrodes are consumed uniformly, it is possible to suppress that one electrode is consumed unevenly and the distance between the electrodes is increased.
- alternating currents having opposite phases to each other as the drive current may be supplied to the discharge lamp. According to this configuration, since both electrodes are consumed uniformly, it is possible to suppress that one electrode is consumed unevenly and the distance between the electrodes is increased.
- a projector includes a light source device according to one aspect of the present invention, a light modulation element that modulates light emitted from the discharge lamp in accordance with a video signal, and the light modulation element that modulates the light.
- a projection optical system that projects light onto the projection surface.
- a projection system includes the projector according to one aspect of the present invention, and active shutter glasses having a right-eye shutter and a left-eye shutter, and the projector has a right-eye switch at a predetermined switching timing.
- a video image and a left-eye video are alternately switched and output, and a period between the temporally adjacent switching timings starts with the first period and ends with the second period.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 a projection system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.
- the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can be arbitrarily changed within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
- the actual structure may be different from the scale, number, or the like in each structure.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the projection system of this embodiment.
- the projection system 400 of this embodiment includes a projector 500 and active shutter glasses 410.
- the projector 500 alternately projects right-eye video and left-eye video on the screen 700 in a time-sharing manner.
- the active shutter glasses 410 include a right-eye shutter 412 and a left-eye shutter 414.
- the right eye side view is blocked by closing the right eye shutter 412.
- the left eye side view is blocked by closing the left eye shutter 414.
- the right-eye shutter 412 and the left-eye shutter 414 are constituted by liquid crystal shutters, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a projector 500 of the present embodiment.
- the projector 500 according to the present embodiment includes a light source device 200, a collimating lens 305, an illumination optical system 310, a color separation optical system 320, and three liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B ( Light modulation element), a cross dichroic prism 340, and a projection optical system 350.
- a light source device 200 includes a collimating lens 305, an illumination optical system 310, a color separation optical system 320, and three liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B ( Light modulation element), a cross dichroic prism 340, and a projection optical system 350.
- a light source device 200 includes a collimating lens 305, an illumination optical system 310, a color separation optical system 320, and three liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B ( Light modulation element), a cross dichroic prism
- the light emitted from the light source device 200 passes through the collimating lens 305 and enters the illumination optical system 310.
- the collimating lens 305 has a function of collimating light from the light source device 200.
- the illumination optical system 310 has a function of adjusting the illuminance of light emitted from the light source device 200 to be uniform on the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B.
- the illumination optical system 310 also has a function of aligning the polarization direction of light emitted from the light source device 200 in one direction. The reason is that the light emitted from the light source device 200 is effectively used by the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B.
- the light whose illuminance distribution and polarization direction are adjusted enters the color separation optical system 320.
- the color separation optical system 320 separates incident light into three color lights of red light (R), green light (G), and blue light (B).
- the three color lights are respectively modulated by the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B associated with the respective colors.
- the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B include liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B, which will be described later, and polarizing plates (not shown).
- the polarizing plates are disposed on the light incident side and the light emitting side of the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B, respectively.
- the modulated three color lights are synthesized by the cross dichroic prism 340.
- the combined light enters the projection optical system 350.
- the projection optical system 350 projects incident light onto the screen 700 (see FIG. 3). As a result, an image is displayed on the screen 700.
- Various known configurations can be adopted as the configurations of the collimating lens 305, the illumination optical system 310, the color separation optical system 320, the cross dichroic prism 340, and the projection optical system 350.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the light source device 200.
- the light source device 200 includes a light source unit 210 and a discharge lamp lighting device (discharge lamp driving device) 10.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the light source unit 210.
- the light source unit 210 includes a main reflecting mirror 112, a discharge lamp 90, and a sub reflecting mirror 50.
- the discharge lamp lighting device 10 supplies a drive current (drive power) to the discharge lamp 90 to light the discharge lamp 90.
- the main reflecting mirror 112 reflects the light emitted from the discharge lamp 90 in the irradiation direction D.
- the irradiation direction D is parallel to the optical axis AX of the discharge lamp 90.
- the shape of the discharge lamp 90 is a rod shape extending along the irradiation direction D.
- One end of the discharge lamp 90 is a first end 90e1
- the other end of the discharge lamp 90 is a second end 90e2.
- the material of the discharge lamp 90 is, for example, a light transmissive material such as quartz glass.
- the central portion of the discharge lamp 90 swells in a spherical shape, and the inside is a discharge space 91.
- the discharge space 91 is filled with a gas that is a discharge medium containing a rare gas, a metal halide, or the like.
- the tips of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 protrude into the discharge space 91.
- the first electrode 92 is disposed on the first end portion 90 e 1 side of the discharge space 91.
- the second electrode 93 is disposed on the second end 90 e 2 side of the discharge space 91.
- the shape of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 is a rod shape extending along the optical axis AX.
- the electrode tip portions of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 are arranged to face each other with a predetermined distance.
- the material of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 is a metal such as tungsten, for example.
- a first terminal 536 is provided at the first end 90 e 1 of the discharge lamp 90.
- the first terminal 536 and the first electrode 92 are electrically connected by a conductive member 534 that penetrates the inside of the discharge lamp 90.
- a second terminal 546 is provided at the second end 90e2 of the discharge lamp 90.
- the second terminal 546 and the second electrode 93 are electrically connected by a conductive member 544 that penetrates the inside of the discharge lamp 90.
- the material of the first terminal 536 and the second terminal 546 is, for example, a metal such as tungsten.
- a material of the conductive members 534 and 544 for example, a molybdenum foil is used.
- the first terminal 536 and the second terminal 546 are connected to the discharge lamp lighting device 10.
- the discharge lamp lighting device 10 supplies a drive current for driving the discharge lamp 90 to the first terminal 536 and the second terminal 546.
- arc discharge occurs between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- Light (discharge light) generated by the arc discharge is radiated in all directions from the discharge position, as indicated by the dashed arrows.
- the main reflecting mirror 112 is fixed to the first end 90e1 of the discharge lamp 90 by a fixing member 114.
- the main reflecting mirror 112 reflects the light traveling toward the opposite side of the irradiation direction D in the discharge light toward the irradiation direction D.
- the shape of the reflecting surface (the surface on the discharge lamp 90 side) of the main reflecting mirror 112 is not particularly limited within the range in which the discharge light can be reflected in the irradiation direction D. Parabolic shape may be sufficient.
- the main reflecting mirror 112 can convert the discharge light into light substantially parallel to the optical axis AX. Thereby, the collimating lens 305 can be omitted.
- the sub-reflecting mirror 50 is fixed to the second end 90e2 side of the discharge lamp 90 by a fixing member 522.
- the shape of the reflective surface (surface on the discharge lamp 90 side) of the sub-reflecting mirror 50 is a spherical shape that surrounds the portion of the discharge space 91 on the second end 90e2 side.
- the sub-reflecting mirror 50 reflects the light traveling toward the side opposite to the side on which the main reflecting mirror 112 is disposed in the discharge light toward the main reflecting mirror 112. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the light radiated
- the material of the fixing members 114 and 522 is not particularly limited as long as it is a heat resistant material that can withstand the heat generated from the discharge lamp 90, and is, for example, an inorganic adhesive.
- the method of fixing the arrangement of the main reflecting mirror 112 and the sub reflecting mirror 50 and the discharge lamp 90 is not limited to the method of fixing the main reflecting mirror 112 and the sub reflecting mirror 50 to the discharge lamp 90, and any method can be adopted.
- the discharge lamp 90 and the main reflecting mirror 112 may be independently fixed to a housing (not shown) of the projector. The same applies to the sub-reflecting mirror 50.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of the projector 500 according to the present embodiment.
- the projector 500 includes an image signal conversion unit 510, a DC power supply device 80, liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B, an image processing device 570, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 580, and the like. It is equipped with.
- the image signal converter 510 converts an externally input image signal 502 (such as a luminance-color difference signal or an analog RGB signal) into a digital RGB signal having a predetermined word length to generate image signals 512R, 512G, and 512B. This is supplied to the image processing device 570.
- the image signal conversion unit 510 switches between the right-eye video and the left-eye video as the image signal 502 when a stereoscopic video signal that alternately switches the right-eye video and the left-eye video at a predetermined switching timing is input. Based on the timing, the synchronization signal 514 is supplied to the CPU 580.
- the image processing device 570 performs image processing on each of the three image signals 512R, 512G, and 512B.
- the image processing device 570 supplies drive signals 572R, 572G, and 572B for driving the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B to the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B, respectively.
- the DC power supply device 80 converts an AC voltage supplied from external AC power supply 600 into a constant DC voltage.
- the DC power supply device 80 includes an image signal conversion unit 510 on the secondary side of a transformer (not shown, but included in the DC power supply device 80), an image processing device 570, and a discharge lamp lighting device 10 on the primary side of the transformer. Supply DC voltage.
- the discharge lamp lighting device 10 generates a high voltage between the electrodes of the discharge lamp 90 at the time of start-up and causes dielectric breakdown to form a discharge path. Thereafter, the discharge lamp lighting device 10 supplies the drive current I for the discharge lamp 90 to maintain the discharge.
- the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B are provided in the above-described liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B, respectively.
- the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B modulate the transmittance (luminance) of color light incident on the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B via the optical system described above based on the drive signals 572R, 572G, and 572B, respectively. .
- the CPU 580 controls various operations from the start of lighting of the projector 500 to the extinction thereof. For example, in the example of FIG. 3, a lighting command or a lighting command is output to the discharge lamp lighting device 10 via the communication signal 582.
- the CPU 580 receives lighting information of the discharge lamp 90 from the discharge lamp lighting device 10 via the communication signal 584. Based on the synchronization signal 514, the CPU 580 outputs a control signal 586 for controlling the active shutter glasses 410 in synchronization with the image signal 502 to the active shutter glasses 410 via wired or wireless communication means.
- the opening and closing operations of the right-eye shutter 412 and the left-eye shutter 414 of the active shutter glasses 410 are controlled based on the control signal 586.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of the discharge lamp lighting device 10.
- the discharge lamp lighting device 10 includes a power control circuit 20, a polarity inversion circuit 30, a control unit 40, an operation detection unit 60, and an igniter circuit 70.
- the power control circuit 20 generates drive power to be supplied to the discharge lamp 90.
- the power control circuit 20 is configured by a down chopper circuit that receives the voltage from the DC power supply device 80 and steps down the input voltage to output a DC current Id.
- the power control circuit 20 includes a switch element 21, a diode 22, a coil 23, and a capacitor 24.
- the switch element 21 is constituted by a transistor, for example.
- one end of the switch element 21 is connected to the positive voltage side of the DC power supply device 80, and the other end is connected to the cathode terminal of the diode 22 and one end of the coil 23.
- a current control signal is input to the control terminal of the switch element 21 from a control unit 40 described later, and ON / OFF of the switch element 21 is controlled.
- a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control signal may be used as the current control signal.
- the polarity inversion circuit 30 inverts the polarity of the direct current Id input from the power control circuit 20 at a predetermined timing. As a result, the polarity inversion circuit 30 generates and outputs a drive current I that is a direct current that lasts for a controlled time, or a drive current I that is an alternating current having an arbitrary frequency.
- the polarity inverting circuit 30 is configured by an inverter bridge circuit (full bridge circuit).
- the polarity inverting circuit 30 includes, for example, a first switch element 31, a second switch element 32, a third switch element 33, and a fourth switch element 34 constituted by transistors and the like.
- the first switch element 31 and the second switch element 32 connected in series, and the third switch element 33 and the fourth switch element 34 connected in series are connected in parallel to each other. It has a configuration.
- the polarity inversion control signal is input from the control unit 40 to the control terminals of the first switch element 31, the second switch element 32, the third switch element 33, and the fourth switch element 34, respectively. Based on this polarity inversion control signal, the ON / OFF operation of the first switch element 31, the second switch element 32, the third switch element 33, and the fourth switch element 34 is controlled.
- the operation of alternately turning on / off the first switch element 31 and the fourth switch element 34, and the second switch element 32 and the third switch element 33 is repeated. Thereby, the polarity of the direct current Id output from the power control circuit 20 is alternately inverted. From the common connection point of the first switch element 31 and the second switch element 32 and the common connection point of the third switch element 33 and the fourth switch element 34, the same polarity state is continued for a controlled time. A drive current I that is a direct current or a drive current I that is an alternating current having a controlled frequency is generated and output.
- the second switch element 32 and the third switch element 33 are OFF, and the first switch element 31 and When the fourth switch element 34 is OFF, the second switch element 32 and the third switch element 33 are controlled to be ON. Therefore, when the first switch element 31 and the fourth switch element 34 are ON, the drive current I flowing from the one end of the capacitor 24 in the order of the first switch element 31, the discharge lamp 90, and the fourth switch element 34 is generated. To do. When the second switch element 32 and the third switch element 33 are ON, a drive current I that flows from one end of the capacitor 24 in the order of the third switch element 33, the discharge lamp 90, and the second switch element 32 is generated.
- the combined portion of the power control circuit 20 and the polarity inversion circuit 30 corresponds to the discharge lamp driving unit 230. That is, the discharge lamp driving unit 230 supplies the driving current I for driving the discharge lamp 90 to the discharge lamp 90.
- the control unit 40 controls the discharge lamp driving unit 230.
- the control unit 40 controls the power control circuit 20 and the polarity inversion circuit 30 to control the holding time during which the drive current I continues the same polarity, the current value of the drive current I, the frequency, and the like.
- the control unit 40 performs polarity reversal control for the polarity reversing circuit 30 to control the holding time during which the drive current I continues at the same polarity, the frequency of the drive current I, and the like according to the polarity reversal timing of the drive current I. Further, the control unit 40 performs current control for controlling the current value of the output direct current Id to the power control circuit 20.
- control unit 40 includes a system controller 41, a power control circuit controller 42, and a polarity inversion circuit controller 43. Note that a part or all of the control unit 40 may be configured by a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- the system controller 41 controls the power control circuit 20 and the polarity inversion circuit 30 by controlling the power control circuit controller 42 and the polarity inversion circuit controller 43.
- the system controller 41 may control the power control circuit controller 42 and the polarity inversion circuit controller 43 based on the drive voltage Vla and the drive current I detected by the operation detection unit 60.
- the system controller 41 includes a storage unit 44.
- the storage unit 44 may be provided independently of the system controller 41.
- the system controller 41 may control the power control circuit 20 and the polarity inversion circuit 30 based on the information stored in the storage unit 44.
- the storage unit 44 may store information on drive parameters such as a holding time during which the drive current I continues with the same polarity, a current value of the drive current I, a frequency, a waveform, and a modulation pattern.
- the power control circuit controller 42 controls the power control circuit 20 by outputting a current control signal to the power control circuit 20 based on the control signal from the system controller 41.
- the polarity inversion circuit controller 43 controls the polarity inversion circuit 30 by outputting a polarity inversion control signal to the polarity inversion circuit 30 based on the control signal from the system controller 41.
- the control unit 40 is realized by using a dedicated circuit, and can perform the above-described control and various types of control of processing to be described later.
- the control unit 40 can function as a computer by the CPU 580 executing a control program stored in the storage unit 44, and can perform various controls of these processes.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 is configured to function as current control means 40-1 for controlling the power control circuit 20 and polarity inversion control means 40-2 for controlling the polarity inversion circuit 30 according to a control program. May be.
- control unit 40 is configured as a part of the discharge lamp lighting device 10.
- the CPU 580 may be configured to bear a part of the function of the control unit 40.
- the operation detection unit 60 detects the drive voltage Vla of the discharge lamp 90, detects a drive voltage information that outputs drive voltage information to the control unit 40, detects the drive current I, and outputs the drive current information to the control unit 40.
- An electric current detection part etc. may be included.
- the operation detection unit 60 is configured to include a first resistor 61, a second resistor 62, and a third resistor 63.
- the voltage detection unit detects the drive voltage Vla in parallel with the discharge lamp 90 using the voltage divided by the first resistor 61 and the second resistor 62 connected in series with each other.
- the current detection unit detects the drive current I based on the voltage generated in the third resistor 63 connected in series to the discharge lamp 90.
- the igniter circuit 70 operates only when the discharge lamp 90 starts to light.
- the igniter circuit 70 is a high voltage (discharge) necessary for forming a discharge path by dielectric breakdown between the electrodes of the discharge lamp 90 (between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93) at the start of lighting of the discharge lamp 90. (A voltage higher than that during normal lighting of the lamp 90) is supplied between the electrodes of the discharge lamp 90 (between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93).
- the igniter circuit 70 is connected in parallel with the discharge lamp 90.
- 6A to 6D are explanatory diagrams showing the relationship between the polarity of the drive current I supplied to the discharge lamp 90 and the electrode temperature.
- 6A and 6B show the operating state of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- FIG. In these drawings, the tip portions of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 are shown.
- Protrusions 552p and 562p are formed at the tips of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93, respectively.
- the discharge generated between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 is mainly generated between the protrusion 552p and the protrusion 562p.
- the movement of the discharge position (the position of the arc bright spot) in the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 can be suppressed as compared with the case where there is no protrusion. .
- FIG. 6A shows a first polarity state Ps1 in which the first electrode 92 operates as an anode and the second electrode 93 operates as a cathode.
- the first polarity state Ps1 electrons move from the second electrode 93 (cathode) to the first electrode 92 (anode) by discharge.
- Electrons are emitted from the cathode (second electrode 93).
- Electrons emitted from the cathode (second electrode 93) collide with the tip of the anode (first electrode 92). Heat is generated by this collision, and the temperature of the tip (projection 552p) of the anode (first electrode 92) rises.
- FIG. 6B shows a second polarity state Ps2 in which the first electrode 92 operates as a cathode and the second electrode 93 operates as an anode.
- the second polarity state Ps2 electrons move from the first electrode 92 to the second electrode 93, contrary to the first polarity state Ps1.
- the temperature of the tip (projection 562p) of the second electrode 93 rises.
- the temperature of the anode with which the electrons collide tends to be higher than the temperature of the cathode that emits electrons.
- FIG. 6C is a timing chart showing an example of the drive current I supplied to the discharge lamp 90.
- the horizontal axis indicates time T, and the vertical axis indicates the current value of the drive current I.
- the drive current I indicates the current flowing through the discharge lamp 90.
- a positive value indicates the first polarity state Ps1, and a negative value indicates the second polarity state Ps2.
- a rectangular wave alternating current is used as the drive current I.
- the first polarity state Ps1 and the second polarity state Ps2 are alternately repeated.
- the first polarity section Tp indicates the time that the first polarity state Ps1 continues
- the second polarity section Tn indicates the time that the second polarity state Ps2 continues.
- the average current value in the first polarity section Tp is Im1
- the average current value in the second polarity section Tn is -Im2.
- the frequency of the driving current I suitable for driving the discharge lamp 90 can be determined experimentally in accordance with the characteristics of the discharge lamp 90 (for example, a value in the range of 30 Hz to 1 kHz is adopted). Other values Im1, -Im2, Tp, Tn can be determined experimentally in the same manner.
- FIG. 6D is a timing chart showing the temperature change of the first electrode 92.
- the horizontal axis represents time T, and the vertical axis represents temperature H.
- the temperature H of the first electrode 92 increases, and in the second polarity state Ps2, the temperature H of the first electrode 92 decreases. Since the first polarity state Ps1 and the second polarity state Ps2 are repeated, the temperature H periodically changes between the minimum value Hmin and the maximum value Hmax.
- the temperature of the second electrode 93 changes in a phase opposite to the temperature H of the first electrode 92. That is, in the first polarity state Ps1, the temperature of the second electrode 93 decreases, and in the second polarity state Ps2, the temperature of the second electrode 93 increases.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing various operations of the projection system. As shown in FIG. 7, the contents of the drive signals 572R, 572G, and 572B, the opening / closing state of the right-eye shutter 412, the opening / closing state of the left-eye shutter 414, the period, and the switching timing are shown in order from the top.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 7 is time.
- the drive signals 572R, 572G, and 572B are the right-eye video from time t1 to time t3, the left-eye video from time t3 to time t5, and from time t5 to time t7.
- the interval is a drive signal corresponding to the right-eye video. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 7, the projector 500 switches the right-eye video and the left-eye video alternately and outputs them at the time t1, the time t3, the time t5, and the time t7.
- the period between adjacent switching timings starts in the first period P1 and ends in the second period P2.
- the period between the time t1 and the time t3 serving as the switching timing starts with a first period P1 between the time t1 and the time t2, and is between the time t2 and the time t3.
- the second period P2 ends.
- the length of the first period P1 and the length of the second period P2 are the same, but the length of the first period P1 and the length of the second period P2 are Each can be set appropriately.
- a third period may exist between the first period P1 and the second period P2. In the third period, control different from the control of the drive current I in the first period P1 and the second period P2, which will be described later, may be performed.
- the video signal is written to the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B once each in the first period P1 and the second period P2. That is, the video signal is written to the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B twice in total during one single-eye video period.
- the video signal is transmitted to the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B once every 1/240 s. Writing is performed.
- the driving frequency of the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B is 240 Hz.
- the right-eye shutter 412 is in an open state during at least a part of the period in which the drive signals 572R, 572G, and 572B corresponding to the right-eye image are input to the liquid crystal panels 560R, 560G, and 560B.
- the right-eye shutter 412 is in a closed state from time t1 to time t2, that is, in the first period P1, and from time t2 to time t3, that is, in the second period P2. It is in an open state.
- the right-eye shutter 412 starts to close from the switching timing (time t3), and the first period. It is closed at P1 (between time t3 and time t4) and closed during the second period P2 (from time t4 to time t5).
- the change in the open / close state of the right-eye shutter 412 from time t5 to time t7 is the same as the change in the open / close state from time t1 to time t5.
- the left-eye shutter 414 performs the same opening / closing operation as the right-eye shutter 412 with a shift of one switching timing. That is, the left-eye shutter 414 is a period in which the left-eye video is flowing (for example, a period from time t3 to time t5) during a period in which the right-eye video is output (for example, a period from time t1 to time t3). The same opening / closing operation as the right-eye shutter 412 in FIG. Further, the left-eye shutter 414 is a period in which the right-eye video is flowing (for example, a period from time t5 to time t7) during a period in which the left-eye video is output (for example, a period from time t3 to time t5). The same opening / closing operation as the right-eye shutter 412 in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 7, in the first period P1, there is a period in which both the right-eye shutter 412 and the left-eye shutter 414 are closed.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing an example of a drive current waveform.
- the vertical axis represents the power ratio of the drive current supplied to the discharge lamp 90.
- the power ratio is a relative value of the driving power when the driving power in the rated normal mode (2D display) is 1. If the distance between the electrodes is constant, the driving voltage is considered constant.
- FIG. 8 can be regarded as a waveform indicating the relative value of the drive current when the drive current in the rated normal mode (2D display) is 1. .
- FIG. 8 can be regarded as a waveform indicating the relative value of the drive current when the drive current in the rated normal mode (2D display) is 1. .
- the power ratio in the case of the first polarity state Ps1 is represented as a positive value
- the power ratio in the case of the second polarity state Ps2 is represented as a negative value.
- the horizontal axis indicates time, and the timing at which the right-eye shutter 412 or the left-eye shutter 414 is opened, that is, the boundary from the first period P1 to the second period P2 (for example, time t2, time t4 in FIG. 7). Time t6) is displayed as 0s.
- the drive current supplied to the discharge lamp 90 is a rectangular wave alternating current.
- the drive current supplied to the discharge lamp 90 is a rectangular wave alternating current.
- the alternating current in the first period P1 is a high-frequency alternating current.
- the frequency of the alternating current in the first period P1 is, for example, not less than 750 Hz and not more than 10 kHz, and as a specific example, in FIG.
- the frequency of the alternating current in the second period P2 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the specification and application of the discharge lamp.
- the frequency of the alternating current in the second period P2 may be different for each second period P2, as shown in FIG.
- the frequency of the alternating current in the second period P2 is set to 320 Hz in the period P2a, 160 Hz in the period P2b, and 960 Hz in the period P2c.
- the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the first period P1 is set smaller than the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the second period P2.
- the absolute value of the drive current in the first period P1 is set to be relatively small with respect to the absolute value of the drive current in the second period P2.
- the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the first period P1 is, for example, 80% or less of the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the second period P2.
- the power ratio (drive current ratio) between the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be set according to the length between the first period P1 and the second period P2. That is, the average power ratio of the period combining the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be set to be the same as the average power ratio in the rated normal mode. Details will be described below.
- the total length of the first period P1 and the second period P2, that is, the length of the one-eye video period is set to 1/120 s. This is because the length of one frame of the video is set to 1/60 s, and the field of the right-eye video and the field of the left-eye video constituting one frame are each half the length of one frame. is there.
- one frame is a period from time t1 to time t5.
- the field for the right-eye video is a period from time t1 to time t3, and the field for the left-eye video is a period from time t3 to time t5.
- the length ratio between the first period P1 and the second period P2 is set to 1: 3. That is, the length of the first period P1 is 1/480 s, and the length of the second period P2 is 1/160 s.
- the one-eye video signal is written into the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B a total of four times during one single-eye video period.
- the first writing is performed in the first period P1
- the second to fourth writings are performed in the second period P2.
- the writing of the video signal to the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B is performed once every 1/480 s.
- the driving frequency of the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B is 480 Hz.
- the power ratio in the first period P1 is about 48% of the power ratio in the second period P2.
- the average power ratio in the period combining the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be made the same as the average power ratio in the rated normal mode. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the power ratio takes a positive value, the power ratio in the first period P1 is set to 0.55, and the power ratio in the second period P2 is set to 1.15. ing.
- the power ratio in the first period P1 is set to -0.55, and the power ratio in the second period P2 is set to -1.15.
- the average power ratio of the period combining the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be 1 (average power ratio in the rated normal mode).
- the lengths of the first period P1 and the second period P2 are set to be the same as shown in FIG. 7
- the first period P1 and the second period P2 have the same length.
- Each of the lengths of the two periods P2 is 1/240 s.
- the power ratio in the first period P1 is set to about 74% of the power ratio in the second period P2.
- the average power ratio of the combined period of the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be made the same as the average power ratio of the rated normal mode.
- the power ratio in the first period P1 when the power ratio takes a positive value, the power ratio in the first period P1 is set to 0.85, and the power ratio in the second period P2 is set to 1.15.
- the power ratio in the first period P1 is set to ⁇ 0.85, and the power ratio in the second period P2 is set to ⁇ 1.15.
- the average power ratio of the period combining the first period P1 and the second period P2 can be 1 (average power ratio in the rated normal mode).
- the driving frequency of the liquid crystal light valves 330R, 330G, and 330B is 240 Hz.
- the power ratio in the second period P2 in which one of the right-eye shutter 412 and the left-eye shutter 414 is open is made larger than 1 (average power ratio in the rated normal mode)
- the power ratio in the first period P1 during which both the right-eye shutter 412 and the left-eye shutter 414 are closed is made smaller than 1 (average power ratio in the rated normal mode), so that the average brightness of the discharge lamp 90, that is, the discharge rate.
- the average power supplied to the lamp 90 is set to be the same as that in the rated normal mode, so that a decrease in luminance of an image entering the observer's eyes can be reduced.
- the frequency of the alternating current in the first period P ⁇ b> 1 with a small amount of power supplied to the discharge lamp 90 is high, consumption of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 can be suppressed, and the discharge lamp 90. Can improve the service life. Details will be described below.
- FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are diagrams showing the state of arc discharge at the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- FIG. FIG. 9A shows the first polarity state Ps1. That is, the first electrode 92 is an anode and the second electrode 93 is a cathode.
- 9B and 9C show the second polarity state Ps2. That is, the first electrode 92 is a cathode and the second electrode 93 is an anode.
- FIG. 9A shows the state of discharge in the second period P2.
- An arc AR1 is generated between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- Arc bright spots 910 are formed on the protrusions 900 a and 900 b formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- the arc bright spot 910 is formed large.
- the protrusion 900a formed on the surface of the first electrode 92 that is the anode is melted and the surface is flattened.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a state in which the polarity is reversed and the second polarity state Ps2 is reached at the moment of switching from the second period P2 to the first period P1.
- an arc AR2a is generated between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93.
- the arc bright spot 920 formed on each projection 900a, 900b is small.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a predetermined time after switching to the first period P1.
- the position of the arc bright spot 920 on the cathode side (first electrode 92 side) is in a state of moving downward.
- the arc luminescent spot 920 in the first period P1 is smaller than the arc luminescent spot 910 in the second period P2, and is easy to move on the surface of the protrusion 900a flattened in the second period P2. It is.
- the movement of the arc bright spot occurs only on the cathode side from which electrons are emitted.
- the distance between the arc luminescent spots is the distance between the electrodes.
- the arc AR2a occurs substantially horizontally, and the arc luminescent spot distance W1 is also equal to the substantially horizontal distance between the protrusions 900a and 900b.
- the arc bright spot moves on the electrodes, the distance between the electrodes increases and the illuminance of the discharge lamp decreases. Further, the position of the arc bright spot is moved, so that the position where the electrode is melted and the amount of the electrode melted are changed. As a result, the shape of the electrode becomes unstable, and the electrode is easily consumed.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are photographs showing the actual movement of arc luminescent spots.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show a case where both are in the second polarity state Ps2.
- FIG. 10A shows the instant (0 s) when the first period P1 is reached.
- an arc bright spot 920A is formed at the center in the vertical direction of the protrusion 900aA formed on the first electrode 92A. .
- FIG. 10B shows the state after 1/240 s in the first period P1. As shown in FIG. 10B, it can be confirmed that the arc bright spot 920A moves downward on the protrusion 900aA.
- the polarity of each electrode is switched at high speed, and the time during which each electrode is a cathode becomes extremely short.
- the moving speed of the arc bright spot is about 50 mm / s when acceleration is ignored. Therefore, when the time during which each electrode is a cathode is very short, the distance that the arc bright spot can move while the electrode is a cathode is extremely short, and as a result, the movement of the arc bright spot is suppressed. Therefore, the movement of the arc bright spot is suppressed, so that the consumption of the electrode is suppressed and the life of the discharge lamp can be improved.
- the current supplied to the discharge lamp 90 may be a direct current.
- all the first periods P1 and the second periods P2 start from the second polarity state Ps2.
- the alternating currents in all the first periods P1 and the second periods P2 are in phase.
- the two first periods P1 sandwiching one second period P2 in time may be in opposite phases. That is, when one first period P1 starts from the second polarity state Ps2, the next first period P1 may start from the first polarity state Ps1.
- the two second periods P2 sandwiching one first period P1 in time may be in opposite phases. That is, when one second period P2 starts from the second polarity state Ps2, the next second period P2 may start from the first polarity state Ps1. According to these, since the consumption of the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93 can be made substantially uniform, it is possible to suppress the spread of the inter-electrode distance due to uneven consumption of the electrodes.
- Example 1 will be described. Experiments were conducted on the movement of arc bright spots when the frequency of the drive current in the first period and the frequency of the drive current in the second period were changed.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp with a rated power of 230 W was used as the discharge lamp.
- As the drive current a rectangular wave alternating current was used in both the first period and the second period. In each case where the frequency in the first period was 240 Hz, 480 Hz, and 960 Hz, the frequency in the second period was changed to 160 Hz, 320 Hz, and 640 Hz.
- the frequency of the second period was constant for each experiment.
- a drive current waveform having the same frequency in the periods P2a, P2b, and P2c is used.
- the absolute value of the power ratio in the first period was 0.55
- the absolute value of the power ratio in the second period was 1.15. That is, the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the first period is about 48% of the power ratio (drive current ratio) in the second period.
- the length of the first period is 1/480 s
- the length of the second period is 1/160 s.
- the movement of the arc bright spot was observed using a photograph of the electrode as shown in FIGS. 10 (A) and 10 (B).
- the electrode is photographed after a predetermined time has elapsed since the discharge lamp was turned on. In other words, after the operation of the discharge lamp is stabilized, the moment when the second period is switched to the first period and the first period. It went to 1/960 s after switching. It was evaluated whether or not the arc bright spot was moved from the position of the arc bright spot in the two photographs taken. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 The moving distance of the arc bright spot was measured when the frequency of the first period was changed without changing the drive current waveform pattern of the second period.
- the drive current waveform pattern in the second period is set so that the frequency changes in each period (for example, periods P2a, P2b, and P2c), as illustrated in FIG. Specifically, the frequency of the second period was set to periodically change in order of 160 Hz, 320 Hz, and 960 Hz for each period.
- the drive current waveform pattern in the first period was set to have the same frequency in any period, as in Example 1.
- the discharge lamp used, the power ratio between the first period and the second period, and the lengths of the first period and the second period were the same as in Example 1.
- the moving distance of the arc bright spot is reduced as the frequency in the first period is increased.
- the frequency of the first period is 800 Hz or more
- the moving distance of the arc bright spot is 0 mm, and it can be confirmed that the movement of the arc bright spot is suppressed.
- the movement of the arc bright spot can be sufficiently suppressed if the frequency in the first period is about 750 Hz or more. From the above, it was confirmed that by setting the frequency of the first period to 750 Hz or higher, the movement of the arc bright spot can be suppressed and the consumption of the electrodes of the discharge lamp can be suppressed.
- Discharge lamp lighting device discharge lamp drive device
- 40 Control part
- 90 Discharge lamp
- 200 Light source device
- 230 Discharge lamp drive part
- 330R, 330G, 330B Liquid crystal light valve (light modulation element)
- 350 projection optical system
- 410 active shutter glasses
- 500 projector
- P1 first period
- P2 second period.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Projection Apparatus (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この構成によれば、3D対応プロジェクターに用いるのに好適な光源装置が得られる。
この構成によれば、電極の消耗をより抑制できる。
この構成によれば、両電極の消耗が均一になるため、一方の電極が偏って消耗し、電極間距離が広がることを抑制できる。
この構成によれば、両電極の消耗が均一になるため、一方の電極が偏って消耗し、電極間距離が広がることを抑制できる。
なお、本発明の範囲は、以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想の範囲内で任意に変更可能である。また、以下の図面においては、各構成をわかりやすくするために、実際の構造と各構造における縮尺や数等を異ならせる場合がある。
本実施形態のプロジェクションシステム400は、図3に示すように、プロジェクター500と、アクティブシャッターメガネ410と、を備えている。プロジェクター500は、スクリーン700上に右目用映像と左目用映像とを時分割で交互に投射する。
図1は、本実施形態のプロジェクター500を示す概略構成図である。
本実施形態のプロジェクター500は、図1に示すように、光源装置200と、平行化レンズ305と、照明光学系310と、色分離光学系320と、3つの液晶ライトバルブ330R,330G,330B(光変調素子)と、クロスダイクロイックプリズム340と、投射光学系350と、を備えている。
偏光板は、液晶パネル560R,560G,560Bのそれぞれの光入射側および光射出側に配置される。
図3は、本実施形態のプロジェクター500の回路構成の一例を示す図である。プロジェクター500は、図1に示した光学系の他、画像信号変換部510と、直流電源装置80と、液晶パネル560R,560G,560Bと、画像処理装置570と、CPU(Central Processing Unit)580と、を備えている。
図4は、放電灯点灯装置10の回路構成の一例を示す図である。
放電灯点灯装置10は、図4に示すように、電力制御回路20と、極性反転回路30と、制御部40と、動作検出部60と、イグナイター回路70と、を備えている。
図6(A)~図6(D)は、放電灯90に供給する駆動電流Iの極性と電極の温度との関係を示す説明図である。図6(A)および図6(B)は、第1電極92および第2電極93の動作状態を示している。これらの図には、第1電極92および第2電極93の先端部分が示されている。第1電極92および第2電極93の先端にはそれぞれ突起552p、562pが形成されている。第1電極92と第2電極93の間で生じる放電は、主として突起552pと突起562pとの間で生じる。本実施形態のように突起552p,562pがある場合には、突起が無い場合と比べて、第1電極92および第2電極93における放電位置(アーク輝点の位置)の移動を抑えることができる。
この衝突によって熱が生じ、陽極(第1電極92)の先端(突起552p)の温度が上昇する。
このように、電子が衝突する陽極の温度は、電子を放出する陰極の温度と比べて高くなりやすい。
図7は、プロジェクションシステムの各種動作を示すタイミングチャートである。
図7に示すように、上から順に駆動信号572R,572G,572Bの内容、右目用シャッター412の開閉状態、左目用シャッター414の開閉状態、期間、切替タイミングの時間的関係が示されている。図7の横軸は時間である。
図7に示される例では、第1期間P1においては、右目用シャッター412および左目用シャッター414のいずれのシャッターも閉じている期間が存在している。
縦軸は、放電灯90に供給される駆動電流の電力比を示している。電力比は、定格ノーマルモード(2D表示時)の駆動電力を1としたときの駆動電力の相対値である。電極間距離が一定であれば、駆動電圧は一定と考えられる。このとき、駆動電流と駆動電力とは比例関係にあるため、図8は、定格ノーマルモード(2D表示時)の駆動電流を1としたときの駆動電流の相対値を示す波形とみなすことができる。図8においては、第1極性状態Ps1となる場合の電力比を正値、第2極性状態Ps2となる場合の電力比を負値として表す。
横軸は、時間を示しており、右目用シャッター412または左目用シャッター414が開いたタイミング、すなわち、第1期間P1から第2期間P2に移る境界(たとえば、図7における時刻t2,時刻t4,時刻t6)を0sとして表示している。
第1期間P1における交流電流は、高周波の交流電流である。第1期間P1における交流電流の周波数は、たとえば、750Hz以上、10kHz以下であり、具体的な一例として、図8においては、960Hzである。
図8に示す駆動電流波形の一例においては、第1期間P1と第2期間P2とを合わせた長さ、すなわち、片目用映像の期間の長さは、1/120sに設定されている。これは、映像の1フレームの長さが1/60sに設定されており、1フレームを構成する右目用映像のフィールドと左目用映像のフィールドとが、それぞれ1フレームの半分の長さとなるためである。たとえば、図7では、1フレームは、時刻t1から時刻t5までの期間である。右目用映像のフィールドは、時刻t1から時刻t3までの期間であり、左目用映像のフィールドは、時刻t3から時刻t5までの期間である。
図8と同様にして片目用映像の期間の長さが1/120sに設定されている場合、第1期間P1と第2期間P2との長さが同一であるため、第1期間P1と第2期間P2との長さはそれぞれ1/240sとなる。この場合において、たとえば、第2期間P2の電力比を定格ノーマルモードの電力比よりも15%高くすると、第1期間P1の電力比を第2期間P2の電力比の約74%に設定することで、第1期間P1と第2期間P2とを合わせた期間の平均電力比を定格ノーマルモードの平均電力比と同様とできる。
また、アーク輝点の位置が移動することによって、電極における溶融する位置や、電極の溶融する量が変化する。その結果、電極の形状が不安定になり、電極が消耗しやすくなる。
図10(A)は、第1期間P1となった瞬間(0s)を示している。図10(A)に示すように、第1期間P1となった直後においては、第1電極92A上に形成された突起900aAの上下方向中央にアーク輝点920Aが形成されていることが確認できる。
これに対して、時間的に1つの第2期間P2を挟む2つの第1期間P1は互いに逆位相であってもよい。すなわち、1つの第1期間P1が第2極性状態Ps2から始まった場合には、次の第1期間P1は第1極性状態Ps1から始まってもよい。
これらによれば、第1電極92と第2電極93との消耗を略均一にできるため、電極の消耗が偏ることによる電極間距離の広がりを抑制できる。
まず、実施例1について説明する。
第1期間における駆動電流の周波数と、第2期間における駆動電流の周波数と、を変化させた場合におけるアーク輝点の移動について実験を行った。
駆動電流は、第1期間、第2期間ともに、矩形波交流電流を用いた。第1期間の周波数を、240Hz、480Hz、960Hzとしたそれぞれの場合について、第2期間における周波数を、160Hz、320Hz、640Hzと変化させた。
第1期間における電力比の絶対値は、0.55とし、第2期間における電力比の絶対値は、1.15とした。すなわち、第1期間の電力比(駆動電流比)は、第2期間の電力比(駆動電流比)の約48%とした。
図8で例示した駆動電流波形と同様に、第1期間の長さは、1/480sとし、第2期間の長さは、1/160sとした。
表1から、第1期間の周波数が240Hz、480Hzの場合には、第2期間の周波数が160Hz、320Hz、640Hzのいずれの場合においてもアーク輝点の移動が生じていることが分かる。これに対して、第1期間の周波数が960Hzである場合には、第2期間の周波数がいずれの場合であっても、アーク輝点の移動が生じていないことが分かる。
これにより、第1期間の周波数を高周波にすることにより、第2期間の周波数に関わらず、アーク輝点の移動を抑制できることが確かめられた。
第2期間の駆動電流波形パターンを変化させずに、第1期間の周波数を変化させた場合のアーク輝点の移動距離の計測を行った。第2期間における駆動電流波形パターンは、図8に例示するのと同様に、各期間(たとえば、期間P2a,P2b,P2c)で周波数が変化するように設定した。具体的には、第2期間の周波数が、期間毎に、160Hz、320Hz、960Hzの順で周期的に変化するように設定した。第1期間における駆動電流波形パターンは、実施例1と同様に、いずれの期間においても同一の周波数となるように設定した。
また、用いた放電灯、第1期間と第2期間の電力比、および第1期間と第2期間の長さは、実施例1と同様とした。
以上により、第1期間の周波数を750Hz以上に設定することで、アーク輝点の移動を抑制し、放電灯の電極の消耗を抑制できることが確かめられた。
Claims (7)
- 光を射出する放電灯と、
前記放電灯を駆動する駆動電流を前記放電灯に供給する放電灯駆動部と、
前記放電灯駆動部を制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記駆動電流の駆動電流波形は、第1期間と、第2期間と、を交互に有し、
前記第1期間の前記駆動電流の絶対値は、前記第2期間の前記駆動電流の絶対値に対して相対的に小さく、
前記第1期間では、前記駆動電流として750Hz以上の交流電流が前記放電灯に供給されることを特徴とする光源装置。 - 前記第1期間の前記駆動電流の絶対値が、前記第2期間の前記駆動電流の絶対値の80%以下である、請求項1に記載の光源装置。
- 前記第2期間では、前記駆動電流として交流電流が前記放電灯に供給される、請求項1または2に記載の光源装置。
- 時間的に1つの前記第2期間を挟む2つの前記第1期間では、前記駆動電流として互いに逆位相となる交流電流が前記放電灯に供給される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 時間的に1つの前記第1期間を挟む2つの前記第2期間では、前記駆動電流として互いに逆位相となる交流電流が前記放電灯に供給される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置と、
前記放電灯から射出される光を映像信号に応じて変調する光変調素子と、
前記光変調素子により変調された光を被投射面上に投射する投射光学系と、
を備えることを特徴とするプロジェクター。 - 請求項6に記載のプロジェクターと、
右目用シャッターと左目用シャッターとを有するアクティブシャッターメガネと、
を備え、
前記プロジェクターは、所定の切替タイミングで、右目用映像と左目用映像とを交互に切り替えて出力し、
時間的に隣り合う前記切替タイミングに挟まれる期間は、前記第1期間で始まり、前記第2期間で終わることを特徴とするプロジェクションシステム。
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