WO2014194762A1 - 一种弹性件及可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件 - Google Patents

一种弹性件及可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014194762A1
WO2014194762A1 PCT/CN2014/078142 CN2014078142W WO2014194762A1 WO 2014194762 A1 WO2014194762 A1 WO 2014194762A1 CN 2014078142 W CN2014078142 W CN 2014078142W WO 2014194762 A1 WO2014194762 A1 WO 2014194762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elastic member
elastic
arm
member according
structural member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/078142
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏章仁
Original Assignee
苏氏工业科学技术（北京）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苏氏工业科学技术（北京）有限公司 filed Critical 苏氏工业科学技术（北京）有限公司
Priority to EP14808196.1A priority Critical patent/EP3006764B1/en
Priority to US14/895,175 priority patent/US9709118B2/en
Priority to ES14808196T priority patent/ES2716698T3/es
Publication of WO2014194762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014194762A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B5/00—Bows; Crossbows
    • F41B5/12—Crossbows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G19/00—Conveyors comprising an impeller or a series of impellers carried by an endless traction element and arranged to move articles or materials over a supporting surface or underlying material, e.g. endless scraper conveyors
    • B65G19/18—Details
    • B65G19/22—Impellers, e.g. push-plates, scrapers; Guiding means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/027—Planar, e.g. in sheet form; leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/04—Wound springs
    • F16F1/10—Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
    • F16F3/12—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring

Definitions

  • Elastic member and elastic structural member capable of achieving rigid and flexible bearing capacity
  • the present invention relates to the field of cushioning devices, and more particularly to an elastic member for a cushioning system.
  • the invention also relates to an elastic structural member that can achieve a rigid and flexible bearing capacity. Background technique
  • a cushioning member is required to cushion the load, for example, a suspension system for a car, a scraper in a scraper transporter for downhole coal transport, a cushioning device for a seat belt, and the like.
  • a suspension system for a car for example, a suspension system for a car, a scraper in a scraper transporter for downhole coal transport, a cushioning device for a seat belt, and the like.
  • the following is only an example of a car suspension system.
  • the suspension system is a general term for all force transmission devices between the frame and the axle or the wheel of a vehicle such as a car. Its function is to transmit the force and moment acting between the wheel and the frame, and the buffer is transmitted from the uneven road surface. The impact of the frame or the body, and the vibration caused by the vibration, to ensure that the vehicle is smooth.
  • the automobile leaf spring is the most traditional elastic component in the suspension system, and has been widely used due to its advantages of good reliability, simple structure, short manufacturing process, and low cost.
  • the automobile leaf spring is generally a set of spring beams similar to equal strength, which are composed of a plurality of alloy spring steels of unequal length.
  • the suspension system also includes elastic members such as a bow bracket of the chassis of the automobile.
  • the elastic members in the suspension system not only transmit the force and torque between the wheel and the frame, but also buffer and attenuate the vibration, so it is required to have both flexibility and rigidity.
  • the elastic member in the prior art is usually made of an elastic material.
  • the elastic member may include a plurality of sub-parts that are pressed together to form a similar leaf spring.
  • the multiple plate-like structures or laminations form an elastic amount; in another embodiment, the elastic members may be provided as elastic bending members or curved structures having a certain degree of curvature, such as arcuate shapes. That is to say, the existing elastic members are usually bullets having a simple structural form. Materials are processed to achieve a balance between flexibility and rigidity.
  • the existing elastic members must be preferred elastic materials, and the cushioning and stress during the load-bearing process are subject to the structure of the elastic members to a large extent, and it is difficult to achieve a continuous transition, and it is basically impossible to achieve rigid and soft. balance.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an elastic member which can achieve both flexibility and rigidity, and can realize functions such as cushioning and shock absorption while effectively carrying.
  • the present invention provides an elastic member, one end of the elastic member is bent and bent toward the other end, and passes through the main body of the elastic member, and the portion that is bent and bent constitutes a turning portion.
  • the portions of the turning portion that extend toward both ends constitute a first arm and a second arm, respectively.
  • the elastic member of the present invention is bent and bent at one end thereof toward the other end, and passes through the main body portion thereof, and the portion that is rotated and bent constitutes a turning portion, and the rotating portion prestores deformation of the material to integrate the elastic property of the material, in particular, Integrating the weak elastic ability of the rigid material to obtain a higher elastic bending moment, which acts as a buffer and shock absorber while being loaded; for a flexible material, one end of the elastic member passes through the main body to form a turning portion, which can By means of the rotating part, the two are constrained to increase the rigidity of the flexible material and reduce the randomness of the deformation, thereby taking into consideration the flexibility and rigidity, buffering the load by the material properties of the flexible material itself, reducing the vibration, and setting the structure reasonably. Achieve reliable support of the car body.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can balance rigidity and flexibility, and can not only bear the load effectively, but also have good cushioning and shock absorbing performance.
  • a cushioning member that adjusts the rotational deformation of the rotating portion is further included.
  • the cushioning member comprises rubber built in a hollow region of the rotating portion, which fully utilizes the elastic property of the rubber to enhance the cushioning and shock absorbing effect, and can also increase the strength of the rotating portion.
  • the force is solid.
  • the cushioning member comprises a spring, and the springs are respectively connected at their two ends to the first arm and the second arm to position the two inwardly.
  • the spring is arranged to position the first arm and the second arm inwardly to improve the reliability of the connection; at the same time, when the first arm and the second arm are relatively stable, the revolving portion can maintain the revolving structure thereof.
  • the effectiveness of the elastic member of the present invention has high structural stability; the spring as the elastic connecting member can also cause relative movement between the first arm and the second arm to adjust the rigid flexible energy of the entire elastic member.
  • one end of the elastic member is continuously bent a plurality of times toward the other end, and each revolution bends through the main body of the elastic member to form a sequential connection between the first arm and the second arm. A number of said turns.
  • a plurality of the rotating portions may be disposed between the first arm and the second arm, and the rotating portions are sequentially connected to each other, and the number of the load, the distribution, and the connection demand of the vehicle body may be comprehensively considered, and the corresponding number is set.
  • the turning part meets the load and buffer requirements.
  • a plurality of said turning portions are symmetrically distributed with respect to a center line of said elastic member.
  • the vehicle body is symmetrically arranged in the extending direction, so the turning portion can be symmetrically arranged to better meet the bearing and connecting requirements of the vehicle body.
  • the rotating portions on the same side of the center line are different, and since the deformation energy stored in different rotating portions is different, different rotating portions may be provided, so that the respective rotating portions cooperate with each other to satisfy the final Demand for use.
  • some of the turns are different.
  • At least one of the plurality of the rotating portions is bent in a spiral shape.
  • the rotating part can be rotated only once to form a single rotating structure, or can be rotated by two or more turns to form a multi-turn nesting structure or a spiral-like rotating structure, thereby integrating more deformation variables and multiple rotations. Increase the strength to achieve the load of large loads.
  • the first arm and the second arm are different in size, and both have a load bearing end.
  • the first arm and the second arm can be set to the same size, or different size settings can be used to adjust according to needs, so that the two can adapt to the load and buffer requirements of the corresponding load, and avoid local stress concentration.
  • the first arm and/or the second arm are bent inwardly with their ends to form the bearing end.
  • the rotating portion has a connecting position for connecting a seat belt, and the carrying end is used for supporting a human body, that is, the elastic member of the present invention can be used for a cushioning member of the seat belt, and passes through the body during the falling of the human body.
  • the carrying ends of the one arm and the second arm support the human body to reduce the impact on the human body.
  • the main body of the elastic member has a socket through which one end passes, and the inside of the rotating portion has a first stopper capable of being connected to the inner wall thereof; and/or
  • the outer portion of the rotating portion has a second stopper that can be attached to the outer wall thereof.
  • the first stopper is a stopper that engages with an end surface of the socket; and the second stopper has a braking curved surface that is fitted to an outer wall of the rotating portion.
  • first stop member When the rotary portion is largely deformed by an external load, the stop member can serve as an effective stop positioning function to avoid the structure of the rotary portion. Failure to enhance the stability of its structure.
  • the elastic member is made of a rigid material.
  • the elastic member is a weir
  • the first arm and the second arm have a connecting end for connecting a bowstring.
  • the elastic member is a squeegee of the squeegee conveyor
  • the first arm and the second arm have ends for scraping coal
  • the main body of the elastic member has a connecting hole through which the transmission chain passes.
  • the present invention also provides an elastic structural member made of a rigid material or an elastic material which can achieve a rigid and flexible bearing capacity.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • the structural member By the geometry of the traversing revolution that the structural member has, it can produce large or large elastic deformations of its own, irrespective of (and possibly related to) the elastic properties of the material.
  • the elastic structural member does not include a part of the spring-like structural member which is only subjected to the axial pressing load, but mainly refers to the elastic structural member which is subjected to the bending deformation of the structure during the occurrence of the bending moment load (Fig. 1), and is often used for the structure.
  • the interface or the joint portion may be a self-contained structural member or a "core skeleton" of the portion of the structural member - externally wrapping other materials or generating other structures.
  • the principle is: What form, and mainly by the pre-deformation of the part (the circled line indicated by circle A in Fig. 1), the elastic ability of integrating various materials, especially the weak elastic ability of the integrated rigid material, making it possible to realize
  • the elastic structural member with the flexible bearing capacity, the geometric shape and size of the structural traversing rotation are independent of the spatial size of the traversing passage, so that it has the characteristics of the special-shaped structural member which is nearly fully fitted and stressed.
  • the structural member has a single traversing geometry.
  • the structural member has a geometry that is continuously traversing.
  • the structural member has a geometry of a traversing revolution that is continuous and can be repeated in varying sizes.
  • the structural member has a geometry of a rigid stop or a traversing swivel of a flexible brake.
  • the structural member has a shape of a traversing swivel geometry, and the shape is not affected by the size of the passage space and any shape of the profile having a fully-engaged force state.
  • the structural member material is a rigid material such as a non-metallic material.
  • the elastic structural member of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Elastic structural parts have a wider selection of material mechanical properties, which can greatly broaden the range of materials used for elastic structural parts - either elastic materials or rigid materials with large elastic modulus; Non-metallic materials can also be used with metallic materials.
  • 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the elastic member of the present invention in a first embodiment
  • 2 is a schematic perspective view of the elastic member provided by the present invention in a second embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the elastic member provided in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the elastic member provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the elastic member of the present invention in a fifth embodiment.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide an elastic member capable of achieving both flexibility and rigidity, and achieving functions such as cushioning and shock absorption while effectively carrying.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the elastic member according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be used in a vehicle suspension system to realize the connection of the frame to the axle or the wheel, thereby supporting the vehicle body, buffering the impact load during the movement of the vehicle body, and reducing the vibration and noise of the vehicle body.
  • the elastic member of the present invention has two oppositely disposed end portions, wherein one end is bent and bent toward the other end, and after passing through the main body of the elastic member after completing the turning and bending, the rotary bending is formed.
  • the first part constitutes the turning portion 3, and the portions extending from the rotating portion 3 toward the both ends thereof constitute two connecting arms, respectively a first arm 1 and a second arm 2, and the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 are used to connect the vehicle body. , to transfer the body load to the frame or the wheel.
  • the body of the elastic member refers to a portion from which both ends are removed, and it is obvious that the body of the elastic member is relatively At its ends.
  • One end of the elastic member drives the arm body connected thereto to bend until the main body portion of the arm body passes through to form the turning portion 3, as shown in FIG.
  • first and second sequential words described herein are only for distinguishing different structures, and do not indicate a specific order; bending one end of the elastic member toward the other end means that the two ends are opposite Bending, finally forming the turning portion 3, not limited to the other end fixed, one end bent toward the other end; that is, the two ends of the elastic member can be relatively bent so that the two cross the main body of the elastic member,
  • the form of the specific bending is not limited as long as the two intersect with each other to form the turning portion 3; the turning portion 3 formed by the intersection of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 may be defined as a traversing structure.
  • the elastic member of the present invention is bent and bent at one end toward the other end and passes through the main body thereof to form a swivel portion 3, that is, a portion of the loop A shown in Fig. 1, which stores and integrates the elastic property of the material by the swivel deformation, particularly rigidity.
  • the weak elastic property of the material thereby obtaining a large elastic bending moment; for the flexible material, the cross-connection of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 can restrict the material to pass the elastic property of the material.
  • the turning portion 3 is stored to reduce the randomness of the material deformation, improve the rigidity of the material, and better bear the load.
  • the load can be buffered by the turning portion 3 to function as a shock absorber.
  • the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 generate a rotational bending moment under the action of the load.
  • the outer end of the first arm 1 generates a counterclockwise downward rotation relative to the rotating portion 3 under the action of the load.
  • the bending moment M1 the outer end of the second arm 2 generates a bending moment M2 that rotates clockwise downward with respect to the turning portion 3 under the action of the load; the elastic bending pre-existing due to the bending moment M1 and the bending moment M2 and the turning portion 3
  • the turning portion 3 can cancel part of the bending moment M1 and the bending moment M2, so as to alleviate the deformation of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2, thereby improving the performance of the material, and playing well while supporting effectively.
  • the cushioning and shock absorption function make the elastic member have a rigid and flexible bearing capacity.
  • the elastic member of the present invention through its own through-type structure, causes the elastic bending moment of the rotating portion 3 to always act on the bearing surface B of the entire elastic member to constrain the elastic deformation direction of the material, thereby integrating more elasticity.
  • the ability is used to bear the load, improve the utilization rate of the material, and make the load-bearing state and the elastic deformation in a stable state, and improve the bearing stability.
  • the present invention may further include a cushioning member 4 for adjusting the rotational deformation of the turning portion 3 to accommodate the load bearing requirements of different loads.
  • the rotating portion 3 is formed by the rotation of the arm body to form a hollow region.
  • the cushioning member 4 may include a rubber 41 built in the hollow region, such as silicone rubber; and may further include a spring 42 at both ends of the spring 42 Connected to the first arm 1 and the second arm 2, respectively, to position the two inwardly, that is, the spring 42 is in a state of tensile deformation, thereby forming an elastic deformation force that is retracted inwardly, so that the first The arm 1 and the second arm 2 remain relatively stable, positioning both.
  • the cushioning member 4 such as the rubber 41 and the spring 42 has a certain elastic property
  • the elastic ability of the rotating portion 3 can be adjusted to re-adjust the rigid-flexible characteristics of the elastic member, and the stress state during the load-bearing process is adjusted, which is better.
  • the ground meets the bearing requirements.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the elastic member provided by the present invention in a second embodiment.
  • the first arm and the second arm 2 may have a plurality of rotating portions 3 therebetween, and the plurality of rotating portions 3 are sequentially connected to each other, thereby connecting the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 into one body, as shown in FIG. 2;
  • One end of the elastic member can be continuously rotated several times around the other end thereof, and each revolution bends through the main body of the elastic member, that is, the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 have a plurality of turning portions 3, and a plurality of turning portions 3 are sequentially connected in the extending direction of the elastic members to form a tandem structure, and each of the rotating portions 3 is a traversing rotary structure.
  • first arm 1 and the second arm 2 and the turning portion 3 directly connected to the two are shown in FIG. 2, and the other turning portions 3 between the two are not shown, so the first arm 1 and The second arm 2 is indicated by a cross-sectional line to indicate that there may be several turns 3 between the two.
  • a plurality of turning portions 3 may be symmetrically distributed with respect to the center line of the elastic member.
  • the center line of the elastic member refers to an axis penetrating through the midpoint of the elastic member in a plane perpendicular to the elastic member; the rotating portion 3 may be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the elastic member, so that the elastic member is close to the first
  • the direction of the arm 1 and the direction close to the second arm 2 maintain similar performance, and a relatively uniform load distribution is applied to the load.
  • the inner and outer portions of the elastic member are referred to as the inner and outer directions, the direction near the center line is inner, and the direction away from the center line is outer.
  • the turning portions 3 on the same side of the center line may be the same or different;
  • the same and different reference factors include the shape structure, and also include the size parameters such as the size of the volume, the thickness of the rotating wall, and the like. Two of the above factors are two different turning portions 3 as long as one factor is different.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be provided with the rotating portion 3 according to the use requirement to adjust the elastic ability of the elastic member to adapt to the bearing in different states. More importantly, since the elastic member can be provided with the turning portion 3 according to the use requirement, the structural shape and geometric size of the entire elastic member can be set according to requirements, that is, the structural form and size of the entire elastic member can be changed.
  • the variable structure can meet the needs of different spaces, so that the elastic members are not affected by the size of the passing space.
  • the plurality of turning portions 3 may be different, that is, the structure of the swiveling space formed by the turning of the plurality of turning portions 3 may be different, or the space of the swivel space
  • the size can be different, or the size and structure of the swivel space can be different, which can be set according to the actual load bearing requirements.
  • the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 may be different in size, and both may be provided for connecting the bearing end of the vehicle body to support the vehicle body and transmit the load to the frame or the wheel.
  • the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 may have different thicknesses.
  • the wall thickness of the second arm 2 is greater than the wall thickness of the first arm 1; or the wall thickness of the second arm 2 may be It is larger or smaller than the wall thickness of the rotating portion 3, that is, the wall thickness of the entire elastic member may be set in a gradual manner in the extending direction thereof, or the dimensional parameters such as the wall thickness, the length and the width of the elastic member may be changed according to the bearing requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the elastic member provided by the present invention in a third embodiment.
  • the first arm 1 can be bent inwardly and bent at its end, and the second arm 2 can also be bent inwardly to form a spiral rotating structure, and the spiral rotating structure constitutes the bearing end, as shown in FIG. Show.
  • the load end can be set to a spiral swivel structure to increase its rigidity and to effectively support the load.
  • the carrying ends of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 can be coupled to the vehicle body, and the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 can be coupled to the frame or the wheel to transmit the load of the vehicle body to the wheel or the vehicle. frame.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be used as a cushioning device for the seat belt, and is provided on the turning portion 3. Positioning the connection with the seat belt to mount the elastic member on the seat belt; then the first arm
  • the bearing end of the second arm 2 faces the human body.
  • the human body When the human body falls, the human body first contacts the bearing ends of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2, and the gravity of the human body acts on the elastic member, and the impact generated by the gravity passes.
  • the spiral rotating structure of the bearing end and the rotating portion 3 are buffered to reduce damage to the human body.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective structural view of the elastic member according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rotating portion 3 may be a structure in which two or more rotating rings are nested with each other; in the structure shown in FIG.
  • the portion 3 may include two wraparound loops, or the swivel portion 3 may be configured as a spiral swivel structure, and the stored elastic deformation is adjusted by changing the structure of the swivel portion 3 to accommodate loads of different loads.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the elastic member according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the elastic member of the present invention may be provided with a socket 11 through which one end passes.
  • a first stopper 5 may be further provided, and the first stopper 5 is disposed inside the rotating portion 3, that is, near the rotating portion. 3
  • the central portion, the first stopper 5 can be connected with the socket 11 to fix the rotating structure of the rotating portion 3 to prevent the transition deformation thereof; similarly, the second stopping member 6 can also be provided, the second stopping The member 6 is disposed outside the turning portion 3 and is capable of abutting against the outer wall of the turning portion 3 to prevent the arm of the first arm 1 or the second arm 2 from passing over the socket 11, thereby maintaining the structural effectiveness of the turning portion 3.
  • the first stopper 5 may be a stop block that cooperates with the end surface of the socket 11 , and the stopper block is blocked at the end surface of the socket 11 by the end surface thereof, and the end portion of the rotating portion 3 is prevented from passing through the socket 11 outward.
  • the second stopper 6 may have a braking curved surface that is in contact with the outer wall of the rotating portion 3. With the deformation of the rotating portion 3, the second stopper 6 is slow with the braking curved surface and the outer wall of the rotating portion 3. The 4 joints are attached to prevent the turning portion 3 from continuing to deform, and the structural effectiveness of the turning portion 3 is maintained.
  • the first stopper 5 is equivalent to a rigid stopper, and can be instantaneously contacted and connected with the end surface of the socket 11 to block the deformation of the rotating portion 3;
  • the second stopper 6 is equivalent to a flexible stopper.
  • the moving surface has a slow contact process with the outer wall of the rotating portion 3, so as to slowly suppress the deformation of the rotating portion 3 and finally prevent the deformation thereof.
  • the first stopper 5 and the second stopper 6 Cooperating with each other to improve the structural stability of the rotating portion 3, thereby improving the performance of the elastic member.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be made of a flexible material or a rigid material, that is, the first arm 1, the second arm 2 and the rotating portion 3 can be made of a rigid material.
  • the rigid material may be a non-metallic material to integrate the elastic deformation ability of the rigid material, so that the flexibility and rigidity of the elastic member are balanced with each other to achieve a rigid and soft effect.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can perform various transformations on the parameters such as the structure and size of the first arm 1, the second arm 2 and the rotating portion 3 according to the bearing requirements, and is not limited to the form shown in FIGS. 1-5. In order to change the rigid and soft characteristics of the elastic member, it has better performance.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be applied to any system that needs to be buffered, and is not limited to the above-mentioned suspension system or the cushioning device of the safety belt; the structure of the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 can also be based on the elastic member.
  • the specific application is set, not limited to setting the bearer.
  • the board conveyor is a conveyor that transports the bulk material through the drive chain and transports the bulk material in the tank.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be used as a scraper for the scraper conveyor.
  • the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 may be provided with an end portion for scraping coal to form a scraping coal end; a connecting hole through which the transmission chain passes may be provided in the main body of the elastic member to fix the elastic member at On the transfer chain, a scraper chain is formed, and the elastic member (ie, the scraper) is moved during the movement of the transfer chain, so that the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 drive the coal along the channel with the scraping end thereof.
  • the elastic member When used as a squeegee, the elastic member is usually made of a rigid material; in practice, since the trajectory of the squeegee conveyor is not a strictly linear track, there may be a bend or a twist, and when the squeegee moves to a portion where the track changes, The scraping end of one arm 1 and the second arm 2 may have an alternating load or a large fluctuation of the load, and the pre-existing elastic deformation of the rotating portion 3 can buffer these loads to reduce wear or collision on the scraper itself. Wait, extend the life of the scraper.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can also be used as a military cymbal.
  • the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 have connection ends for connecting the bowstrings, and the entire elastic member can be provided with 1 to 3 revolving portions 3, and the elastic members are integrally arched.
  • the setting because the rotating part 3 itself prestores a large elastic deformation, when used as a crucible, when the tensile force is constant, a greater elastic restoring force can be generated to increase the range and lethality;
  • the elastic member has a simple structure and is light, easy to transport and manufacture. When the elastic member of the present invention is applied to other occasions, the specific structure thereof can be set by referring to the above application in the suspension system, and details are not described herein again.
  • the elastic member of the present invention can be applied to any system that needs to be buffered, and the first arm 1 and the second arm 2 can also be configured with a connection end, a bearing end, and the like according to different applications;
  • the structure of 3, or a corresponding connecting structure is provided in the main body portion of the elastic member, and the specific connecting structure may be disposed on the rotating portion 3 or on the arm body connecting the two adjacent rotating portions 3.
  • This embodiment is an elastic structural member having a single traversing rotary geometry, see figure
  • the elastic ability of the integrated material especially the weak elastic ability of the integrated rigid material, the elastic bending moment is obtained, and the structural movement stroke is in a limited space and structure through the structure of the structure itself.
  • the elastic deformation direction is constrained, the geometrical displacement of the structural member is controlled, and the elastic bending moments M1 and M2 are always applied to the symmetry plane B of the structure, ensuring that the structurally loaded state and elastic deformation of the structural member are in a stable state, and the bearing function is obtained. Reliable implementation.
  • the embodiment is an elastic structural member having a continuous traversing rotary geometry to adapt or adjust the structural elastic capacity required for carrying in different dynamic states (the process also includes a rigid-flexible and even rigid bearing configuration) . See Figure 2.
  • the present embodiment is an elastic structural member having a traversing rotary geometry that is continuous and can be repeated in size or in a spiral (such as a rotating structure in the middle) to adapt or adjust The structural elastic capacity required for carrying in different dynamic states (the process also includes the rigid-flexible and even rigid bearing form). See Figure 4.
  • Example 4
  • the embodiment is an elastic structural member with a rigid stop gear and a flexible rotary table, and such a structural member can be provided with a limiting device for limiting the degree of elastic deformation and the deformation program, such as a rigid stop.
  • the gear 5, or the flexible brake table 6, acts to terminate or slow the deformation and continue to enhance the ability of the structural member to be rigid and flexible until rigid. See Figure 5.
  • This embodiment is an elastic structural member having a single traverse rotation and having a spiral geometry, see Fig. 3.

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Abstract

一种弹性件，能够兼顾柔性和刚性，在有效支撑车体的同时，实现缓冲和减震等功能。所述弹性件的一端朝向另一端回转弯折，并穿过所述弹性件的主体，所述回转弯折的部分构成回转部（3），由所述回转部（3）朝向两端延伸的部分分别构成第一臂（1）和第二臂（2）。回转部（3）预存了材料的变形，以集成材料的弹性能力，特别是能够集成刚性材料的微弱弹性能力，从而获取更高的弹性弯矩，在承载的同时起到缓冲和减震的作用；对柔性材料而言，可借助回转部进行约束，以增加其刚度，降低其变形的随意性，从而兼顾柔性和刚性。一种可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件，结构件具有穿越式回转的几何形态，且不受穿越空间尺寸的影响。

Description

一种弹性件及可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件
本申请要求于 2013 年 06 月 02 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310212877.2, 发明名称为"具有穿越式回转几何形态的弹性结构件"的 中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过 )用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及緩冲装置技术领域， 特别是涉及一种用于緩冲系统的弹性 件。 本发明还涉及一种可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件。 背景技术
现有技术中存在很多场合需要设置緩冲件， 以便对载荷进行緩冲， 例 如， 汽车的悬挂系统、 井下釆煤运输的刮板运输机中的刮板、 安全带的緩 冲装置等。 以下仅以汽车悬挂系统为例进行说明。
悬挂系统是汽车等车辆的车架与车桥或者车轮之间的一切传力连接装 置的总称， 其功能是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的力和力矩， 并且緩冲由 不平路面传给车架或者车身的冲击力， 并衰减由此引起的震动， 以保证车 辆平顺行马史。
现有技术中， 汽车板簧即为悬挂系统中最传统的弹性元件， 由于其具 有可靠性好、 结构简单、 制造工艺流程短、 成本低等优点， 得到了广泛的 应用。 汽车板簧一般是由若干片不等长的合金弹簧钢组合而成的一组近似 于等强度的弹簧梁。
此外， 悬挂系统还包括汽车底盘的弓子板托架等弹性件。 实际应用中， 悬挂系统中的弹性件不仅要传递车轮和车架之间的力和力矩， 还要緩冲并 衰减震动， 因此需要兼具一定的柔性和刚性。
为解决上述技术问题， 现有技术中的弹性件通常釆用弹性材料制成， 在一种具体实施方式中， 弹性件可以包括若干分部件， 各个分部件之间相 互压合以形成类似板簧的多重板状结构或者叠合形成弹性量； 在另一种具 体实施方式中， 弹性件可以设置成具有一定弯曲度的弹性折弯件或者曲面 结构， 例如弓形。 也就是说， 现有的弹性件通常为具有简单结构形态的弹 性材料加工件， 以力求实现柔性和刚性的平衡。
但是， 现有的弹性件必须首选弹性材料， 且承载过程中的緩冲和受力 等均在较大程度上受制于弹性件的结构， 难以实现均勾连贯的过渡， 基本 上无法实现刚柔平衡。
因此， 如何设计一种弹性件， 以兼顾其柔性和刚性， 在有效承载的同 时， 能够实现緩冲和减震等功能， 是本领域技术人员目前亟需解决的技术 问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种弹性件， 能够兼顾柔性和刚性， 在有效承载 的同时， 实现緩冲和减震等功能。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供一种弹性件， 所述弹性件的一端朝 向另一端回转弯折， 并穿过所述弹性件的主体， 所述回转弯折的部分构成 回转部， 由所述回转部朝向两端延伸的部分分别构成第一臂和第二臂。
本发明的弹性件以其一端朝向另一端回转弯折， 并穿过其主体部分， 回转弯折的部分构成回转部， 则回转部预存了材料的变形， 以集成材料的 弹性能力， 特别是能够集成刚性材料的微弱弹性能力， 从而获取更高的弹 性弯矩， 在承载的同时起到緩冲和减震的作用； 对于柔性材料而言， 弹性 件的一端穿过其主体形成回转部， 可以借助回转部对两者进行约束， 以增 加柔性材料的刚度， 降低其变形的随意性， 从而兼顾柔性和刚性， 借助柔 性材料本身的材料特性緩冲载荷， 降低震动， 并通过对结构的合理设置实 现车体的可靠支撑。
可见， 不管釆用刚性材料还是柔性材料， 本发明的弹性件均能够兼顾 刚性和柔性， 不仅可以有效承担载荷， 还具有良好的緩冲和减震性能。
优选地， 还包括对所述回转部的回转变形进行调节的緩冲件。
还可以设置緩冲件对回转部进行调节， 以便对弹性件的刚性和柔性进 行再次分配， 无需改变回转结构， 以更好的适应使用需求， 简化加工工艺。
优选地， 所述緩冲件包括内置在所述回转部的中空区域的橡胶， 充分 利用橡胶的弹性性能， 以增强緩冲和减震效果， 还可以对回转部的强度进 行力口固。
优选地， 所述緩冲件包括弹簧， 所述弹簧分别以其两端与所述第一臂 和第二臂连接， 以便将两者向内拉紧定位。
弹簧的设置可以将第一臂和第二臂向内拉紧定位， 以提高两者连接的 可靠性； 同时， 当第一臂和第二臂相对稳定时， 可以使得回转部维持其回 转结构的有效性， 使得本发明的弹性件具有较高的结构稳定性； 釆用弹簧 作为弹性连接件还可以使得第一臂和第二臂之间产生相对运动， 以调节整 个弹性件的刚柔性能。
优选地， 所述弹性件的一端朝向另一端连续进行若干次回转弯折， 且 每次回转弯折均穿过所述弹性件的主体， 以便在所述第一臂和第二臂之间 形成依次连接的若干所述回转部。
第一臂和第二臂之间还可以设置若干所述回转部， 各个回转部之间依 次连接， 则可以根据所承担载荷的大小、 分布以及车体的连接需求等情况 综合考虑， 设置相应数量的回转部， 满足承载和緩冲需求。
优选地， 若干所述回转部关于所述弹性件的中心线对称分布。
通常情况下， 车体在延伸方向是对称设置的，故回转部可以对称设置， 以更好地适应车体的承载和连接需求。
优选地， 处于所述中心线同侧的所述回转部均不相同， 由于不同的回 转部所存储的形变能量是不同的， 故可以设置不同的回转部， 以便各个回 转部相互配合， 满足最终的使用需求。
优选地， 若干所述回转部均不相同。
优选地，若干所述回转部中，至少一个所述回转部呈螺旋状回转弯折。 回转部可以仅回转一圈形成单一回转结构， 也可以通过回转两圈或者 多圈， 以构成多圈嵌套结构或者类似螺旋状的回转结构， 从而集成更多的 形变量， 还可以通过多重回转增加强度， 以实现大载荷的承载。
优选地， 所述第一臂和第二臂的尺寸不同， 且两者均具有承载端。 第一臂和第二臂可以釆用相同的尺寸设置， 也可以釆用不同的尺寸设 置， 以根据需要调整， 使两者适应与其对应的载荷的承载和緩冲等需求， 避免局部应力集中。 优选地， 所述第一臂和 /或所述第二臂以其端部向内回转弯折， 以形成 所述承载端。
优选地， 所述回转部具有用于连接安全带的连接位， 所述承载端用于 支撑人体， 即本发明的弹性件可以用于安全带的緩冲部件， 在人体下落的 过程中通过第一臂和第二臂的承载端支撑人体， 以减轻对人体的冲击。
优选地， 所述弹性件的主体具有供其一端穿过的插口， 所述回转部的 内部具有能够与其内壁 4氏接的第一止挡件； 和 /或
所述回转部的外部具有能够与其外壁贴合 4氏接的第二止挡件。
优选地， 所述第一止挡件为与所述插口的端面配合的止动块； 所述第 二止挡件具有与所述回转部的外壁贴合的制动曲面。
还可以设置第一止挡件和 /或第二止挡件， 当回转部在外部载荷的作用 下产生较大变形时， 止挡件可以起到有效的止挡定位作用， 避免回转部的 结构失效， 以增强其结构的稳定性。
优选地， 所述弹性件釆用刚性材料制成。
优选地， 所述弹性件为弩， 所述第一臂和第二臂具有用于连接弓弦的 连接端。
优选地， 所述弹性件为刮板运输机的刮板， 所述第一臂和第二臂具有 用于刮煤的端部， 所述弹性件的主体具有供传动链穿过的连接孔。 难以有效支撑载荷的缺点， 本发明还提供一种可实现刚柔并济承载能力的 由刚性材料或弹性材料制成的弹性结构件。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明的技术方案是：
通过结构件具有的穿越式回转的几何形态， 其自身可以发生大的或较 大的弹性变形， 而与材料的弹性能力可以无关（也可以有关）。 同时， 这种 弹性结构件不包括仅受轴向挤压载荷的部分弹簧类结构件， 而主要是指在 承受弯矩载荷发生过程结构弯曲变形的弹性结构件（如图 1 )， 常用于结构 的接口或结合部分， 可以是自成单元的结构件， 也可以是该部分结构件的 "芯骨架"——外部包裹其他材料或生成其它结构。
这是一种非传统的弹性结构件。 其原理是： 通过结构穿越式回转的几 何形态,并且主要是由该部分（图 1中圈 A所指点划线范围）的预变形存储、 集成各种材料的弹性能力， 特别是集成刚性材料的微弱弹性能力， 使之成 为可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件， 结构穿越式回转的几何形态、 尺寸大小与穿越通道的空间尺寸大小无关， 使之具有近全吻合受力状态的 异形结构件特点。
优选地， 所述结构件具有单一穿越式回转的几何形态。
优选地， 所述结构件具有连续穿越式回转的几何形态。
优选地，所述结构件具有连续并可以大小不一地重复的穿越式回转的 几何形态。
优选地，所述结构件具有硬性止档装置或柔性制动装置的穿越式回转 的几何形态。
优选地， 所述结构件具有穿越式回转几何形态、尺寸大小不受穿越通 道空间尺寸大小影响的具有全吻合受力状态的任何异形结构形状。
优选地， 所述结构件材料为刚性材料， 如非金属材料。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的弹性结构件具有如下优点：
1、弹性结构件有了更宽泛的材料力学性能选择，可大幅度拓宽弹性结 构件的材料使用范围——即可使用弹性材料， 也可使用各种弹性模量较大 的刚性材料； 即可使用金属材料， 也可使用非金属材料。
2、拓宽了结构应用与使用的优化设计思路， 为结构件具备刚柔并济的 承载功能特性提供了一条易于平衡、 易于实现的路径。 如弹性托架， 柔性 悬臂、 柔性吸收动能结构 （緩冲器）、 刮板、 弹性卡子、 夹子等等。
3、 使整体结构柔性化设计受制于静不定系统不确定性的局面得以改 善。
4、近全吻合受力状态的异形结构形态特点，可大幅度去除结构件多余 的质量， 使减重、 节能降耗成为必然。 附图说明
图 1为本发明所提供弹性件在第一种具体实施方式中的立体结构示意 图； 图 2为本发明所提供弹性件在第二种具体实施方式中的立体结构示意 图；
图 3为本发明所提供弹性件在第三种具体实施方式中的立体结构示意 图；
图 4为本发明所提供弹性件在第四种具体实施方式中的立体结构示意 图；
图 5为本发明所提供弹性件在第五种具体实施方式中的立体结构示意 图。 图 1-5中：
1第一臂、 11插口、 2第二臂、 3回转部、 4緩冲件、 41橡胶、 42弹 簧、 5第一止挡件、 6第二止挡件 具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种弹性件， 能够兼顾柔性和刚性， 在有效承载 的同时， 实现緩冲和减震等功能。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案， 下面结合附图和具 体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图 1， 图 1为本发明所提供弹性件在第一种具体实施方式中的 立体结构示意图。
本发明的弹性件可以用于车辆悬挂系统中， 实现车架与车桥或者车轮 的连接， 从而支撑车体， 緩冲车体运动过程中的冲击载荷， 减轻车体震动 和噪音等。
如图 1所示， 本发明的弹性件具有两个相对设置的端部， 其中一端朝 向另一端回转弯折， 并在完成回转弯折后穿过弹性件的主体， 则回转弯折 所形成的部分构成回转部 3， 由回转部 3分别朝向其两端延伸的部分构成 两个连接臂， 分别为第一臂 1和第二臂 2， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2用于连接 车体， 以传递车体载荷至车架或者车轮。
所述弹性件的主体是指除去其两端的部分， 显然弹性件的主体是相对 于其两端而言的。
所述弹性件的一端带动与其相连的臂体弯折， 直至穿过臂体的主体部 分， 形成回转部 3， 如图 1所示。
需要说明的是， 本文中所述的第一、 第二等顺序词仅为了区分不同的 结构， 并不表示某种特定的顺序； 弹性件的一端朝向另一端弯折是指两个 端部相对弯折， 最终形成回转部 3， 并非仅限于另一端固定， 一端朝向另 一端弯折的情况； 也就是说， 弹性件的两端可以相对弯折， 以便两者交叉 穿过弹性件的主体， 具体弯折的形式不限， 只要两者的交叉穿过能够形成 回转部 3即可； 可以定义上述第一臂 1和第二臂 2交叉所形成的回转部 3 为穿越式的回转结构。
本发明的弹性件， 其一端朝向另一端回转弯折并穿过其主体以形成回 转部 3， 即图 1中所示圈 A的部分， 通过回转变形存储并集成材料的弹性 能力， 尤其是刚性材料的微弱弹性能力， 从而获得较大的弹性弯矩； 对于 柔性材料而言， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2的交叉连接可以对材料起到一定的限 制作用， 以便将材料的弹性能力通过回转部 3进行存储， 减小材料变形的 随意性， 提高材料的刚性， 更好地承担载荷。
本发明的弹性件用于承载时， 可以通过回转部 3对载荷进行緩冲， 起 到减震的作用。 第一臂 1和第二臂 2在载荷的作用下产生转动弯矩， 如图 1中箭头所示， 第一臂 1的外端在载荷的作用下产生相对回转部 3沿逆时 针向下转动的弯矩 Ml， 第二臂 2的外端在载荷的作用下产生相对于回转 部 3沿顺时针向下转动的弯矩 M2;由于弯矩 Ml和弯矩 M2与回转部 3预 存的弹性弯矩的方向相反， 则回转部 3可以抵消部分弯矩 Ml和弯矩 M2， 以便减轻第一臂 1和第二臂 2的变形， 从而提高材料的使用性能， 在有效 支撑的同时起到良好的緩冲和减震作用， 使得弹性件具有刚柔并济的承载 能力。
可见， 本发明的弹性件， 通过其自身的穿越式结构， 使得回转部 3的 弹性弯矩始终作用于整个弹性件的承载面 B上， 以约束材料的弹性变形方 向， 从而集成更多的弹性能力用于承担载荷， 提高材料的利用率， 使得受 力承载状态与弹性变形处于稳定状态， 提高承载稳定性。 进一步， 本发明还可以包括緩冲件 4， 以便对回转部 3的回转变形进 行调节， 适应不同载荷的承载需求。
回转部 3因臂体回转围合形成中空区域， 如图 1所示， 緩冲件 4可以 包括内置在所述中空区域的橡胶 41， 例如硅橡胶； 还可以包括弹簧 42， 弹 簧 42的两端分别与第一臂 1和第二臂 2连接， 以便将两者向内拉紧定位， 也就是说， 弹簧 42处于拉伸变形状态， 从而形成向内回缩的弹性变形力， 以使得第一臂 1和第二臂 2保持相对稳定， 对两者进行定位。
由于橡胶 41和弹簧 42等緩冲件 4本身具有一定的弹性能力， 从而能 够对回转部 3的弹性能力进行调整， 以重新调整弹性件的刚柔特性， 调整 承载过程中的应力状态， 更好地满足承载需求。
请进一步参考图 2， 图 2为本发明所提供弹性件在第二种具体实施方 式中的立体结构示意图。
第一臂 和第二臂 2之间可以具有若干回转部 3， 若干回转部 3之间 依次连接， 从而将第一臂 1和第二臂 2连接成一体， 如图 2所示； 详细地， 弹性件的一端可以绕其另一端连续进行若干次回转弯折， 且每次回转弯折 均穿过弹性件的主体， 即第一臂 1和第二臂 2之间具有若干回转部 3， 若 干回转部 3在弹性件的延伸方向依次连接， 形成串联式结构， 且每个回转 部 3均为穿越式的回转结构。
限于篇幅， 图 2中仅示出了第一臂 1和第二臂 2以及与两者直接相连 的回转部 3， 并未示出两者之间的其他回转部 3， 故第一臂 1和第二臂 2 之间釆用断面线表示， 以说明两者之间可以具有若干个回转部 3。
更进一步， 若干回转部 3可以关于弹性件的中心线对称分布。 所述弹 性件的中心线是指在与弹性件垂直的平面内， 贯穿弹性件中点的轴线； 回 转部 3可以对称分布在弹性件的中心线的两侧， 以使得弹性件在靠近第一 臂 1的方向和靠近第二臂 2的方向保持相近的性能， 对载荷进行较为均匀 的承载分配。
另外， 如无特殊说明， 本文中的内外以所述弹性件的中心线为参照， 靠近所述中心线的方向为内， 远离所述中心线的方向为外。
再者， 处于中心线同一侧的回转部 3可以相同， 也可以不同； 所述相 同和不同的参考因素包括形状结构， 也包括体积大小， 回转壁的厚度等尺 寸参数， 上述因素中只要存在一个因素不同即为两个不同的回转部 3。 本 发明的弹性件可以根据使用需求设置回转部 3， 以调整弹性件的弹性能力， 适应不同状态下的承载。 更为重要的是， 由于弹性件可以根据使用需求设 置回转部 3， 则整个弹性件的结构形态、 几何尺寸均可以根据需求设置， 即整个弹性件的结构形态和尺寸均是可以变化的， 这种可变的结构能够满 足不同空间的使用需求， 使得弹性件不受穿越空间尺寸的影响。
此外， 在第一臂 1和第二臂 2之间具有若干回转部 3的情况下， 若干 回转部 3也可以不同， 即若干回转部 3回转形成的回转空间的结构可以不 同， 或者回转空间的大小可以不等， 或者回转空间的大小以及结构均可以 不同， 具体可以根据实际承载需求进行设置。
本文中所述的若干是指数量不确定的多数， 至少为三个。
在上述基础上， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2的尺寸可以不同， 且两者均可以 设置用于连接车体的承载端， 以实现对车体的支撑， 传递载荷至车架或者 车轮。
所述第一臂 1和第二臂 2的尺寸不同可以为厚度不同， 如图 2所示， 第二臂 2的壁厚大于第一臂 1的壁厚； 或者第二臂 2的壁厚可以大于或者 小于回转部 3的壁厚， 即整个弹性件的壁厚在其延伸方向可以釆用渐变设 置， 或者可以根据承载需求变化弹性件的壁厚、 长度、 宽度等尺寸参数。
请进一步参考图 3， 图 3为本发明所提供弹性件在第三种具体实施方 式中的立体结构示意图。
第一臂 1可以其端部向内回转弯折， 第二臂 2也可以向内回转弯折， 以形成螺旋状的回转结构， 该螺旋状的回转结构构成所述承载端， 如图 3 所示。 可以将承载端设置为螺旋回转结构， 以提高其刚性， 便于有效支撑 载荷。
使用中， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2的承载端可以与车体连接， 且第一臂 1 和第二臂 2可以与车架或者车轮连接， 以便将车体的载荷传递给车轮或者 车架。
或者， 本发明的弹性件可以作为安全带的緩冲装置， 在回转部 3上设 置与安全带连接的连接位， 以便将弹性件安装在安全带上； 然后将第一臂
1和第二臂 2的承载端朝向人体， 当人体下落时， 人体首先与第一臂 1和 第二臂 2的承载端接触， 人体的重力作用于弹性件， 则该重力所产生的冲 击通过承载端的螺旋回转结构以及回转部 3予以緩冲， 降低对人体造成的 损伤。
请参考图 4， 图 4为本发明所提供弹性件在第四种具体实施方式中的 立体结构示意图。
在若干回转部 3中， 至少一个回转部 3可以呈螺旋状回转弯折， 即回 转部 3可以为两个或者多个回转圈相互嵌套的结构； 图 4所示的结构中， 中间的回转部 3可以包括嵌套的两个回转圈， 或者说回转部 3可以设置为 螺旋回转的结构， 通过改变回转部 3的结构调整其所存储的弹性变形， 以 适应不同载荷的 载。
请结合图 5， 图 5为本发明所提供弹性件在第五种具体实施方式中的 立体结构示意图。
本发明的弹性件可以设置供其一端穿过的插口 11， 如图 5所示， 还可 以设置第一止挡件 5， 第一止挡件 5设置在回转部 3的内部， 即靠近回转 部 3 中心的部分， 第一止挡件 5能够与插口 11 4氏接， 从而固定回转部 3 的回转结构， 防止其过渡变形； 同理， 还可以设置第二止挡件 6， 第二止 挡件 6设置在回转部 3的外部， 并能够与回转部 3的外壁贴合抵接， 以防 止第一臂 1或第二臂 2的臂体越过插口 11， 维持回转部 3的结构有效性。
具体地， 第一止挡件 5可以为与插口 11的端面配合的止挡块，止挡块 以其端面隔挡在插口 11的端面上， 防止回转部 3的端部穿过插口 11向外 伸出； 第二止挡件 6可以具有与回转部 3的外壁贴合的制动曲面， 随着回 转部 3的变形， 第二止挡件 6以其制动曲面与回转部 3的外壁緩慢贴合并 4氏接， 以阻止回转部 3继续变形， 保持回转部 3的结构有效性。
可见， 第一止挡件 5相当于硬性止挡件， 能够与插口 11的端面瞬间接 触并连接， 以随即阻止回转部 3的变形； 第二止挡件 6相当于柔性止挡件， 其制动曲面与回转部 3的外壁存在一个緩慢的接触过程， 起到先緩慢抑制 回转部 3变形最终阻止其变形的作用。 第一止挡件 5可以与第二止挡件 6 相互配合， 以提高回转部 3的结构稳定性， 进而提高弹性件的使用性能。 本领域技术人员应该可以理解， 本发明的弹性件可以釆用柔性材料制 成， 也可以釆用刚性材料制成， 即第一臂 1、 第二臂 2和回转部 3均可以 釆用刚性材料制成； 所述刚性材料可以为非金属材料， 以集成刚性材料的 弹性变形能力，使得弹性件的柔性和刚性相互平衡， 达到刚柔并济的效果。
还可以理解，本发明的弹性件可以根据承载需求对第一臂 1、第二臂 2 和回转部 3的结构、 尺寸等参数进行多种变换， 不限于附图 1-5所示的形 式， 以改变弹性件的刚柔特性， 使其具有更好的使用性能。
需要说明的是， 本发明的弹性件可以应用于任何需要緩冲的系统中， 不限于上述悬挂系统或者安全带的緩冲装置； 第一臂 1和第二臂 2的结构 也可以根据弹性件的具体应用场合进行设置， 不限于设置承载端。 板运输机为通过传动链牵引刮板， 在槽内运输散料的输送机， 本发明的弹 性件可以作为刮板运输机的刮板。
详细地，第一臂 1和第二臂 2可以设置用于刮煤的端部，形成刮煤端； 还可以在弹性件的主体设置供传递链穿过的连接孔， 以便将弹性件固定在 传递链上， 形成刮板链， 则传递链运动的过程中可以带动弹性件（即刮板） 运动， 以便第一臂 1和第二臂 2以其刮煤端带动煤沿槽道运行。
当作为刮板时， 弹性件通常釆用刚性材料制成； 实践中， 由于刮板运 输机的轨道并非为严格的直线轨道， 可能存在拐弯、 扭曲， 则当刮板运动 到轨道变化的部分， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2的刮煤端可能存在交变载荷或者 载荷的浮动较大， 则回转部 3预存的弹性变形可以对这些载荷进行緩冲， 以降低对刮板本身的磨损或者碰撞等， 延长刮板的使用寿命。
本发明的弹性件还可以作为军事用的弩， 第一臂 1和第二臂 2具有用 于连接弓弦的连接端， 整个弹性件可以设置 1~3个回转部 3， 且弹性件整 体成弓形设置， 则由于回转部 3本身预存了较大的弹性形变， 当其作为弩 使用时， 在拉伸力一定的情况下， 能够产生更大的弹性回复力， 以提高其 射程和杀伤力； 同时， 该弹性件的结构较为简单， 还具有轻便、 易于运输 和制造等特点。 当本发明的弹性件应用于其他场合时， 其具体结构可以参照上文中应 用于悬挂系统中的情况进行设置， 此处不再赘述。
可见， 本发明的弹性件可以应用于任何需要緩冲的系统中， 第一臂 1 和第二臂 2也可以根据应用场合的不同设置连接端、 承载端等结构； 还可 以根据需要改变回转部 3的结构， 或者在弹性件的主体部分设置相应的连 接结构， 具体的连接结构可以设置在回转部 3上或者设置在连接两相邻回 转部 3的臂体上。
此外， 为使本发明弹性结构件的技术方案更加清楚， 下面结合附图和 具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例 1
本实施例是一种具有单一穿越式回转几何形态的弹性结构件， 参见图
1。
通过圈 A所指点划线范围的预变形存储、 集成材料的弹性能力， 特别 是集成刚性材料的微弱弹性能力获得弹性弯矩，通过结构自身的穿越形式， 使得结构运动行程于有限空间内、 结构件弹性变形方向得以约束、 结构件 几何形态位移得以受控， 使弹性弯矩 Ml和 M2始终作用于结构的对称面 B上， 确保结构件受力承载状态与弹性变形处于稳定状态、 承载功能得以 可靠实现。 可以在结构穿越式回转的区域镶嵌或安装使弹性应变过程的应 力状态再分配的装置， 如橡胶 41， 具体可以为硅橡胶， 弹簧 42等等， 弱 化对结构穿越式回转区域的结构尺寸精度要求， 使工艺实现更为简单。
实施例 2
本实施例是一种具有连续穿越式回转几何形态的弹性结构件， 以适应 或调整在不同动态状态下承载所需的结构弹性能力 （过程中也包括可以实 现刚柔并济乃至刚性承载形态）。 参见图 2。
实施例 3
本实施例是一种具有连续并可以大小不一（如处于两侧的回转结构） 地重复或螺旋（如处于中间的回转结构） 的穿越式回转几何形态的弹性结 构件， 以适应或调整在不同动态状态下承载所需的结构弹性能力 （过程中 也包括可以实现刚柔并济乃至刚性承载形态）。 参见图 4。 实施例 4
本实施例是一种具有硬性止动档和柔性制动台的穿越式回转几何形态 的弹性结构件， 这样一种结构件可以设置限制弹性变形程度、 变形程序的 限位装置， 如硬性止动档 5， 或柔性制动台 6， 起终止或减緩变形继续的作 用， 强化获得结构件刚柔并济直至刚性承载的能力。 参见图 5。
实施例 5
本实施例是一种具有单一穿越式回转并有螺旋几何形态的弹性结构 件， 参见图 3。
以上对本发明所提供的緩冲系统的弹性件、 可实现刚柔并济承载能力 的弹性结构件进行了详细介绍。 本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及 实施方式进行了阐述， 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心 思想。 应当指出， 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明 原理的前提下， 还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰， 这些改进和修饰也 落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种弹性件，其特征在于，所述弹性件的一端朝向另一端回转弯折， 并穿过所述弹性件的主体， 所述回转弯折的部分构成回转部 （3)， 由所述 回转部 （3)朝向两端延伸的部分分别构成第一臂（1)和第二臂（2)。
2、如权利要求 1所述的弹性件，其特征在于，还包括对所述回转部（ 3 ) 的回转变形进行调节的緩冲件（4)。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述緩冲件（4) 包括 内置在所述回转部 （3) 的中空区域的橡胶（41)。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述緩冲件（4) 包括 弹簧（ 42 )， 所述弹簧（ 42 )分别以其两端与所述第一臂（ 1 )和第二臂（ 2 ) 连接， 以便将两者向内拉紧定位。
5、 如权利要求 1-4任一项所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述弹性件的 一端朝向另一端连续进行若干次回转弯折， 且每次回转弯折均穿过所述弹 性件的主体， 以便在所述第一臂（1 )和第二臂（2)之间形成依次连接的 若干所述回转部 （3)。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 若干所述回转部 （3) 关于所述弹性件的中心线对称分布。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 处于所述中心线同侧的 所述回转部 （3) 均不相同。
8、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 若干所述回转部 （3) 均不相同。
9、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 若干所述回转部 （3) 中， 至少一个所述回转部 （3)呈螺旋状回转弯折。
10、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述第一臂（ 1 )和第 二臂（2) 的尺寸不同， 且两者均具有承载端。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述第一臂（1)和 / 或所述第二臂（2) 以其端部向内回转弯折， 以形成所述承载端。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述回转部 （3)具 有用于连接安全带的连接位， 所述承载端用于支撑人体。
13、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述弹性件的主体具 有供其一端穿过的插口 （11 )， 所述回转部 （3 ) 的内部具有能够与所述插 口 （11 )抵接的第一止挡件（5 ); 和 /或
所述回转部（ 3 )的外部具有能够与其外壁贴合 4氏接的第二止挡件（ 6 )。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述第一止挡件（5 ) 为与所述插口 （11 )的端面配合的止动块； 所述第二止挡件（6 )具有与所 述回转部 （3 ) 的外壁贴合的制动曲面。
15、 如权利要求 5所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述弹性件釆用刚性 材料制成。
16、 如权利要求 1所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述弹性件为弩， 所 述第一臂（1 )和第二臂（2 )具有用于连接弓弦的连接端。
17、 如权利要求 1所述的弹性件， 其特征在于， 所述弹性件为刮板运 输机的刮板， 所述第一臂（1 )和第二臂（2 )具有用于刮煤的端部， 所述 弹性件的主体具有供传动链穿过的连接孔。
18、 一种可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 结构 件具有穿越式回转的几何形态。
19、 如权利要求 18所述的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 所述结构件具有 单一穿越式回转的几何形态。
20、 如权利要求 18所述的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 所述结构件具有 连续穿越式回转的几何形态。
21、 如权利要求 18所述的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 所述结构件具有 连续并可以大小不一地重复的穿越式回转的几何形态。
22、 如权利要求 18所述的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 所述结构件具有 硬性止档装置或柔性制动装置的穿越式回转的几何形态。
23、 如权利要求 18所述的弹性结构件， 其特征在于， 所述结构件具有 穿越式回转几何形态、 尺寸大小不受穿越通道空间尺寸大小影响的具有全 吻合受力状态的任何异形结构形状。
PCT/CN2014/078142 2013-06-02 2014-05-22 一种弹性件及可实现刚柔并济承载能力的弹性结构件 WO2014194762A1 (zh)

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ES14808196T ES2716698T3 (es) 2013-06-02 2014-05-22 Miembro elástico, y miembro estructural elástico capaz de implementar capacidad de soporte combinando rigidez y flexibilidad

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