WO2014190909A1 - 一种三轴数字指南针 - Google Patents

一种三轴数字指南针 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014190909A1
WO2014190909A1 PCT/CN2014/078685 CN2014078685W WO2014190909A1 WO 2014190909 A1 WO2014190909 A1 WO 2014190909A1 CN 2014078685 W CN2014078685 W CN 2014078685W WO 2014190909 A1 WO2014190909 A1 WO 2014190909A1
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Prior art keywords
axis
magnetic sensor
magnetic field
axis magnetic
output signals
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PCT/CN2014/078685
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
迪克⋅詹姆斯·G
周志敏
李丹
Original Assignee
江苏多维科技有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏多维科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏多维科技有限公司
Priority to JP2016515637A priority Critical patent/JP6525336B2/ja
Priority to EP14803821.9A priority patent/EP3006896B1/en
Priority to US14/894,267 priority patent/US9797721B2/en
Publication of WO2014190909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014190909A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C17/00Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes
    • G01C17/02Magnetic compasses
    • G01C17/28Electromagnetic compasses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0005Geometrical arrangement of magnetic sensor elements; Apparatus combining different magnetic sensor types
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0011Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables comprising means, e.g. flux concentrators, flux guides, for guiding or concentrating the magnetic flux, e.g. to the magnetic sensor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/09Magnetoresistive devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of magnetic sensor technology, and in particular to a three-axis digital compass.
  • axis compass In the field of consumer electronics, such as smart phones, tablets and other portable electronic devices, you need to use the ⁇ : axis compass, and inertial devices such as axis gyroscope, three-axis accelerometer, etc., to form a complete nine-axis electronic inertia Navigation device.
  • the three-axis compass can simultaneously characterize the three-dimensional geomagnetic field.
  • magnetoresistive sensors such as AMR GMR and TMR
  • the in-plane magnetic field X can be realized by orthogonalizing the two sensors.
  • the present invention proposes a three-axis digital compass, the components on which the compass can be fabricated on a chip, which uses a flux concentrator to twist the magnetic field, and transforms the paraxial magnetic field component perpendicular to the plane.
  • the magnetic field component of the ⁇ ⁇ plane can be detected by the planar ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ two-axis magnetic sensors.
  • the result is that the ⁇ and ⁇ two-axis magnetic sensors can simultaneously detect the ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ magnetic field components, and then adopt certain
  • the algorithm separates the X, ⁇ , and ⁇ axis magnetic field components and converts them into digital signal outputs.
  • the invention provides an axis digital compass, which comprises
  • a flux concentrator for twisting an external magnetic field to convert a component of the x-axis into a magnetic field component of the X-axis and the x-axis;
  • Two X-axis magnetic sensors are respectively located on both sides of the flux concentrator along the X-axis direction, and the sensitive axis direction of each X-axis magnetic sensor is parallel to the X-axis;
  • Two ⁇ -axis magnetic sensors are respectively located at two sides of the flux concentrator along the ⁇ axis direction, and the sensitive axis direction of each of the ⁇ -axis magnetic sensors is parallel to the ⁇ axis;
  • a signal sampling unit electrically connected to an output end of each of the magnetic sensors for sampling signals output by the respective magnetic sensors
  • the signal processing unit calculates the sampling signal to calculate a digital signal of a magnetic field component of the X-axis, the ⁇ -axis, and the ⁇ -axis; a signal output unit that outputs a digital signal separated by the signal processing unit if.
  • the X-axis magnetic sensor, Y-axis magnetic sensor are deposited on the surface of the substrate and induce a magnetic field component in the surface of the substrate.
  • each of the X-axis magnetic sensor and the Y-axis magnetic sensor is one of an AMR, GMR or T!VIR magnetoresistive sensor.
  • each of the X-axis magnetic sensor, the Y-axis magnetic sensor is a spin valve, and the magnetization direction of the pinned layer of the component in the X-axis magnetic sensor and the pinning of the component in the Y-axis magnetic sensor The magnetization directions of the layers are orthogonal to each other.
  • the X-axis magnetic sensor and the Y-axis magnetic sensor each include at least one sensing element and a reference element, the reference element is located below the flux concentrator, and the sensing element is along the flux The edges of the concentrators are arranged.
  • the X-axis magnetic field component corresponds to a sum of two X-axis magnetic sensor output signals
  • the Y-axis magnetic field component corresponds to a sum of two Y-axis magnetic sensor output signals.
  • the z-axis magnetic field component corresponds to a difference between the output signals of the two X-axis magnetic sensors, or a difference between the output signals of the two Y-axis magnetic sensors, or corresponds to the two X-axis The sum of the difference between the output signals of the magnetic sensor and the difference between the output signals of the two Y-axis magnetic sensors.
  • the constituent material of the flux concentrator is a high magnetic permeability soft magnetic metal material NiFe,
  • CoFeSiB one of CoZrNb, CoFeB, FeSiB or FeSiBNbCu.
  • the flux concentrator has a thickness of from 1 to 20 um.
  • the substrate is printed in CMOS, and the X-axis magnetic sensor and the Y-axis magnetic sensor are printed on the substrate.
  • the magnetic field component of the X-axis corresponds to a sum of output signals of two X-axis magnetic sensor
  • the magnetic field component of the Y-axis corresponds to a sum of output signals of two Y-axis magnetic sensors
  • a magnetic field component of the Z-axis Corresponding to the difference between the difference between the output signals of the two X-axis magnetic sensors and the difference between the output signals of the two Y-axis magnetic sensors.
  • the magnetic field component of the z-axis corresponds to a difference between the output signals of the two X-axis magnetic sensors, or a difference between the output signals of the two Y-axis magnetic sensors, or corresponding to the two The sum of the difference between the output signals of the X-axis magnetic sensor and the difference between the output signals of the two Y-axis magnetic sensors.
  • the invention has the advantages of small size, simple manufacturing process, easy packaging, novel structure, simple algorithm and high measurement precision.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of a three-axis digital compass in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the flux concentrator's distortion of the Z-axis magnetic field component.
  • Figure 4 Three-axis digital guide for the measurement of the magnetic field in the X-axis direction.
  • Figure 5 is a three-axis digital guide for the measurement of the magnetic field in the Y-axis direction.
  • Figure 6 shows the principle of the three-axis digital guide for the measurement of the magnetic field in the Z-axis direction.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a reference bridge circuit diagram of the X-axis and Y-axis magnetic sensor in the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a three-axis digital compass system in the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of signal processing of a three-axis digital compass system in the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of the basic structure of a three-axis digital compass in the present invention.
  • the axis digital compass includes two X-axis magnetic sensors 1 and 2, two Y-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4, and a flux concentrator 5.
  • the X-axis magnetic sensor 1 and 2, the Y-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4 each include at least one sensing element and one reference element, which are deposited on the surface of the substrate and arranged at the periphery of the flux concentrator 5, and X
  • the shaft magnetic sensors 1 and 2 are arranged opposite each other, and the Y-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4 are arranged opposite each other.
  • the reference elements in the sensor are located below the flux concentrator 5, and the sensing elements are arranged along the edge of the flux concentrator 5.
  • the X-axis magnetic sensors 1 and 2 are only sensitive to the X-axis magnetic field component
  • the Y-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4 are only sensitive to the Y-axis magnetic field component.
  • Two X-axis magnetic sensors 1 and 2 and two Y-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4 are one of AMR, GR or TMR magnetoresistive sensors, which can also be spin wide and X-axis magnetically sensitive
  • the magnetization directions of the pinned layers of the elements in the sensors 1 and 2 are orthogonal to the magnetization directions of the pinned layers of the elements in the x-axis magnetic sensors 3 and 4.
  • the constituent material of the flux concentrator 5 is a high magnetic permeability soft ferromagnetic metal material, preferably one of NiFe, CoFeSiB, CoZrNb, CoFeB, FeSiB or FeSiBNbCu.
  • the thickness of the flux concentrator 5 is !- 20 um
  • the surface of the substrate is parallel to the XY plane, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the base/ ⁇ surface.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the Z-axis magnetic field component distributed around the flux concentrator 5. It can be seen from the distribution of the magnetic field lines 6 that the Z-axis magnetic field component is distorted near the flux concentrator 5, thereby generating a magnetic field component in the XY plane, for the X-axis and Y-axis magnetic sensitive sensors arranged around the flux concentrator 5. In the sensing elements 7 and 8 in the middle, ⁇ can respond to the magnetic field components in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively, generating an output signal, and For the reference elements 9 and 10 directly below the concentrator 5, since the magnetic field has no X, Y-axis components, which is nearly vertical, no output signal response will occur.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the X-axis or Y-axis magnetic field component distributed over the circumference of the flux concentrator in the XY plane.
  • the XY plane magnetic field component is still distorted near the flux concentrator 5, producing a Z-axis component that is perpendicular to the reference elements 9 and 10 that are located below the flux concentrator 5 Entering the inside of the flux concentrator 5 , it is almost completely Z-axis component, so no output signal response is generated, and for the sensing elements 7 and 8 located at the edge of the flux concentrator 5, there are X-axis and Y-axis magnetic fields.
  • the component therefore, will respond to the X-axis, Y-axis magnetic fields. And the two X-axis magnetic sensors will only respond to the X-axis magnetic field component and will not respond to the Y-axis magnetic field component, while the two Y-axis magnetic sensors will only respond to the Y-axis magnetic field component, not to the X-axis magnetic field.
  • the component produces a response.
  • Sij 0 ⁇ Sij ⁇ 100 mV / V / G;
  • Bij is the magnetic field at the location of each sensor.
  • the components Bx, By, Bz of the external magnetic field in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are twisted after passing through the flux concentrator 5, which is located near the X1, X2, Y1, and ⁇ 2-axis magnetic sensor 1-4.
  • the magnetic fields B ix , B 2x , B y and B 2y can be expressed as:
  • the output voltage of the sensor is the linear combination of the magnetic field components Bx, By, Bz:
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are the gain coefficients of the magnetic field after the external magnetic field passes through the flux concentrator 5, which are a function of their length (width (W) and thickness W).
  • V 1y , V 2y to get a unique set of values Bx, By, Bz: Ten S 2x )
  • V Qz ( o 2js; ⁇ i- 3 ⁇ 4 lx ) + ( og,, ⁇ i3 ⁇ 4. v ) -'
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the distribution of the magnetic field components of the external magnetic field on the X, Y, ⁇ _ axes, respectively.
  • V 1x and V 2x are related to the external magnetic field, and V 1v and V 2v are independent of the external magnetic field, and
  • Bx 0, and Bz 0 are shown in FIG. 5
  • the outputs of the X-axis and Y-axis magnetic sensors are:
  • V 1x , V 2x , V 1y , V 2y are all related to the external magnetic field, and
  • Figure 7 is a diagram of a specific embodiment of an axis digital compass.
  • the X-axis magnetic sensor ( , 2 ' ) and the axis magnetic sensor ( 3 ' , 4 f ) sense the XY magnetic field component parallel to the plane direction of the substrate, and the plane of the figure shown in the figure is parallel to the XY plane.
  • These magnetic sensors can be AMR, GMR or TMR sensors.
  • Each magnetic sensor comprises two reference elements 8' and 9' directly below the flux concentrator 5' and two sensing elements 7' and 10' along the outer edge of the flux concentrator 5' Zhou Yuan arranged.
  • the reference elements 8' and 9' are located without the XY magnetic field component, so they will not respond to the external magnetic field, thereby outputting the magnetic field response signals of the double dry sensing elements 7' and 10' through the two X, Y-axis magnetic sensors.
  • the elements 8' and 9' can also be replaced by inductive elements and the sensing elements 7' and 10' can be placed around the outer edge of the flux concentrator 5'.
  • the reference full bridge formed by the reference elements 8', 9, and the sensing elements 7', 10' are connected as shown in Fig. 8. In the figure, the magnetization directions of the pinned layers of the components are the same, and the output voltage of the full bridge circuit is j
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-axis digital compass system in which the sensing elements 7 and 8 in the X-axis magnetic sensor are located at the outer edge of the flux concentrator 5, and the reference elements 9 and 10 are located below the flux concentrator 5. The edges, and the reference elements 9, 10 and the sensing elements 7, 8 are printed directly on the surface of the CMOS substrate 15.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a digital signal processing circuit of a three-axis digital compass system.
  • the outputs of the X1, X2, Y1, and ⁇ 2-axis magnetic sensors 16 are electrically coupled to the input of the ADC signal acquisition unit 17, and the output signals V 1 x , V 2x , V 3x , and V 4x are converted by the ADC signal acquisition unit 17 As a digital signal, the ADC signal acquisition unit 17 further supplies the converted digital signal to the signal processing unit 18 electrically connected to its output terminal, and the signal processing unit 18 performs the following addition and subtraction on the signals V 1x V 3x and V 4x , respectively. Operation:
  • V 2x S 2x ( B : € ⁇ >3 ⁇ 4) + Vo
  • V ly S ly ⁇ aB y + ⁇ ⁇ ) + Vo-
  • ⁇ and Y are the gain coefficients of the magnetic field after the external magnetic field passes through the flux concentrator 5, which are a function of the length width (W) and thickness ( ⁇ ).
  • the calculated three-dimensional magnetic field component is output via the signal output unit 19, thereby implementing a guide to the digital king axis.
  • the magnetic field component of the x-axis corresponds to the difference between the output signals of the two X-axis magnetic sensors, or the difference between the output signals of the two x-axis magnetic sensors, or the difference between the output signals of the two X-axis magnetic sensors.

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Abstract

一种三轴数字指南针,该指南针包括两个X轴磁敏传感器(1,2)、两个Y轴磁敏传感器(3,4)、通量集中器(5)、信号采样单元(17)、信号处理单元(18)以及信号输出单元(19)。其中,X轴和Y轴磁敏传感器(1,2,3,4)沿着通量集中器(5)周边排列。外磁场经通量集中器(5)产生扭曲,其在Z轴的分量经通量集中器(5)转变为X轴、Y轴磁场分量,并和外磁场在X轴和Y轴的分量共同作用于X轴和Y轴磁敏传感器(1,2,3,4)。X轴、Y轴磁敏传感器(1,2,3,4)的输出信号通过信号采样单元(17)输出到信号处理单元(18),经计算后得到三个外磁场分量,并经信号输出单元(19)以数字格式输出。该三轴数字指南针具有结构新颖、算法简单的特点,适用于AMR、CMR、TMR等磁阻传感器。

Description

一种三轴数字指南针
技术领域
本发明涉及磁传感器技术领域, 特别涉及一种三轴数字指南针。
背景技术
在消费电子领域, 倒如智能手机、 平板电脑等便携式电子设备中, 需要用到 Ξ:轴指南 针, 和惯性器件如 轴陀螺仪、 :三轴加速度计等一起使用, 形成完备的九轴电子惯性 导航设备。三轴指南针可以同时表征三维地磁场分 ¾ 对于磁敏传感器如 AMR GMR 和 TMR等磁阻传感器, ώ于磁场敏感方向在薄膜平面内, 可以通过将两个传感器正 交来实现平面內磁场 X, Υ分量的测量, 丛而实现 ΧΥ 二轴磁场测试系统, 但对于 Ζ 磁场分鼂其中一种解决方案是将一个分立单轴平面磁敏传感器 ¾立安装在二轴平面 传感器上。 但这种方式存在以下不足之处:
!) Χ、 Υ 二轴磁敏传感器和 Ζ单轴磁敏传感器在安装之前为各自为分立元件, 无法实 现三轴磁敏传感器的集成制造, 从而增加了制造工艺的复杂程度;
2)相对于集成制造系统, 采用组装方法制造的三轴磁敏传感器系统内各元件的位置精 度降低, 影响传感器的测量精度。
3)由于 Ζ单轴磁敏传感器敏感轴垂直于 X, Υ 二轴磁敏传感器, 因此:三轴磁敏传感器 Ζ向尺寸增加, 从而增加了器件尺寸和封装难度。
发明内容
为了解决以上问题, 本发明提出了一种三轴数字指南针, 该指南针上的元件可在一个 芯片上制备, 其利用通量集中器对磁场的扭曲作用, 将垂直于平面的 ζ轴磁场分量转 变成 χγ平面內磁场分量, 从而可以被平面 ή χ、 Υ二轴磁敏传感器检测到, 其结果 为 χ、 γ二轴磁敏传感器可以同时检测到 χ、 Υ、 ζ磁场分量, 然后通过采用一定的 算法将 X、 Υ、 Ζ轴磁场分量 混合信号中分离出来, 并将其转变成数字信号输出。 本发明提供了一种 轴数字指南针, 它包括
通量集中器, 其用于对外磁场产生扭曲以使在 ζ轴的分量转变为 X轴和 Υ轴的磁场 分量;
两个 X轴磁敏传感器, 所述 X轴磁敏传感器分别位于所述通量集中器沿 X轴方向的 两侧边缘, 每个 X轴磁敏传感器的敏感轴方向平行于 X轴;
两个 Υ轴磁敏传感器, 所述 Υ轴磁敏传感器分别位于所述通量集中器沿 Υ轴方向的 两侧边缘, 每个 Υ轴磁敏传感器的敏感轴方向平行于 Υ轴;
信号采样单元, 其与各个磁敏传感器的输出端相电连, 用于对各个磁敏传感器输出的 信号进行采样;
信号处理单元, 其与信号采样单元的输出端相电连, 所述信号处理单元对采样信号进 行计算, 计算出 X轴、 γ轴和 ζ轴的磁场分量的数字信号; 信号输出单元, 其将所述信号处理单元 if算分离出来的数字信号输出。 优选地, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器沉积在基片表面并感应基片表面内 的磁场分量。
优选地, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器为 AMR、 GMR或 T!VIR磁阻传感 器之中的一种。
优选地, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器为自旋阀, 并且所述 X轴磁敏传 感器中元件的钉扎层的磁化方向与 Y轴磁敏传感器中元件的钉扎层的磁化方向相互 正交。
优选地, 所述 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器各自至少包括一个感应元件和一个参 考元件, 所述参考元件位于所述通量集中器的下方, 所述感应元件沿所述通量集中器 的边缘排列。
优选地, 所述 X轴磁场分量对应两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和、 所述 Y轴磁场 分量对应两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和。
优选地, 所述 z轴磁场分量对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对 应所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输 出信号的差值与所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值之和。
优选地, 所述通量集中器的组成材料为高导磁率软磁金属材料 NiFe、
CoFeSiB,CoZrNb、 CoFeB、 FeSiB 或 FeSiBNbCu 中的一种。
优选地, 所述通量集中器的厚度为 l-20um。
优选地, 所述基片采用 CMOS, 将所述 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器印制在所 述基片上面。
进一步地, 所述 X轴的磁场分量对应两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和、 所述 Y轴 的磁场分量对应两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和、 所述 Z轴的磁场分量对应所述 两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值与所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值之 和。
进一歩地, 所述 z轴的磁场分量对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或 者对应所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感 器输出信号的差值与所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值之和。
本发明具有尺寸小、 制造工艺简单、 容易封装、 结构新颖、 算法简单、 测量精度高等 优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例技术中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例技术描述中所需 要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实 施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这 些^图获得其他的附图。
图 1本发明中三轴数字指南针的顶视图。
图 2通量集中器对 Z轴磁场分量的扭曲作甩图。
图 3通量集中器对 X轴或者 Y轴磁场分量的扭曲作用图。
图 4:三轴数字指南针对 X轴方向磁场的测量原理图。
图 5三轴数字指南针对 Y轴方向磁场的测量原理图。
图 6三轴数字指南针对 Z轴方向磁场的测量原理图。
图 7本发明中一种具体实施方案的结构图。
图 8本发明中 X轴、 Y轴磁敏传感器的参考桥式电路图。
图 9本发明中:三轴数字指南针系统的截面图。
图 10本发明中:三轴数字指南针系统信号处理的原理图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考 ΙΪ图并结合实施例, 来详细说明本发明。
实施例一
图 1为本发明中:三轴数字指南针基本结构的顶视图。从图 1 中可以看出, 该 轴数字 指南针包括两个 X轴磁敏传感器 1和 2, 两个 Y轴磁敏传感器 3和 4, 以及通量集中 器 5。 X轴磁敏传感器 1和 2、 Y轴磁敏传感器 3和 4各自均至少包括一个感应元件 和一个参考元件, 它们沉积在基 i†表面, 并排列在通量集中器 5的周边, 并且 X轴 磁敏传感器 1和 2相对排列, Y轴磁敏传感器 3和 4相对排列。 传感器中的参考元 件位于通量集中器 5的下方, 感应元件沿通量集中器 5的边缘排列。 X轴磁敏传感器 1和 2只对 X轴磁场分量敏感, Y轴磁敏传感器 3和 4只对 Y轴磁场分量敏感。 两 个 X轴磁敏传感器 1和 2和两个 Y轴磁敏传感器 3和 4为 AMR , G R或 TMR磁 阻传感器之中的一种, 它们也可以为自旋阔, 并 ϋ X轴磁敏传感器 1和 2中元件的 钉扎层的磁化方向与 Υ轴磁敏传感器 3和 4中元件的钉扎层的磁化方向相互正交。 通量集中器 5的组成材料为高磁导率软铁磁金属材料, 优选地为 NiFe、 CoFeSiB, CoZrNb, CoFeB, FeSiB或 FeSiBNbCu中的一种。 优选地, 通量集中器 5的厚度为 !- 20um„ 基片表面与 XY平面平行, Z轴垂直于基 /†表面指 ^外。
实施例二
图 2显示了 Z轴磁场分量在通量集中器 5周围分布的剖面图。 由磁力线 6的分布可 以看出, Z轴磁场分量在通量集中器 5附近产生扭曲, 从而产生了 XY平面内磁场分 量, 对于排列在通量集中器 5周边的 X轴、 Y轴磁敏传感器中的感应元件 7和 8来 说, ―可以分别对 X轴、 Y轴方向的磁场分量进行响应,产生输出信号, 而对于位于通 量集中器 5正下方的参考元件 9和 10来说, 则由于磁场没有 X、 Y轴分量, 近乎为 垂直方向, 因此, 将不会产生输出信号响应。
实施例三
图 3显示了在 XY平面内, X轴或 Y轴磁场分量在通量集中器 5周圈分布的剖面图。 由磁力线 1 1 的分布可以看出, XY平面磁场分量依旧在通量集中器 5附近产生扭曲, 产生 Z轴分量, 对干位于通量集中器 5下方的参考元件 9和 10来说, 磁场垂直进入 通量集中器 5内部, 几乎完全为 Z轴分量, 因此不会产生输出信号响应, 而对于位 于通量集中器 5边缘的感应元件 7和 8来说, 由于存在有 X轴、 Y轴磁场分量, 因 此将对 X轴、 Y轴磁场产生响应。 并且两个 X轴磁敏传感器将只对 X轴磁场分量产 生响应, 对 Y轴磁场分量不会产生响应, 而两个 Y轴磁敏传感器将只对 Y轴磁场分 量产生响应, 不对 X轴磁场分量产生响应。
假定在线性范围内, 传感器对外磁场具有如下响应关系:
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中 i=1或 2, μx或y。 Sij为传感器灵敏度, 其范 |如下:
Sij:0<Sij<100mV/V/G ;
Bij为每个传感器所在位置处的磁场。
外磁场在 X轴、 Y轴、 Z轴≡个方向的分量 Bx, By, Bz经过通量集中器 5后产生扭 曲, 其在 X1、 X2、 Y1和 Υ2轴磁敏传感器 1 -4所在位置附近的磁场 Bix、 B2x、 B y 和 B2y可以表示为:
+ γ 7^
¾x = aBx
+ r¾、、.
- 则传感器的输出电压为磁场分量 Bx, By, Bz的线性结合:
= Slx (aBx + γΒζ) + ¥olx^
Figure imgf000006_0002
其中, α , γ为外磁场经通量集中器 5后磁场的增益系数, 它们为其长度 ( 宽度 (W) 和厚度 W的函数。
a = (Lf W} t
γ = y(£, W, t),
其中,
α: 0<|α|<100
γ: 0<|γ|<100
对上述传感器输出的线性方程进行求解, 可以通过传感器的四个输出信号 v1x, v2x,
V1y, V2y来得到唯一的一组值 Bx, By, Bz:
Figure imgf000007_0001
十 S2x)
{ ly + ¾yJ― ( + V^y)
D. (¾ - D + (¾y - Vly) + {Volx - Vo2x) + {Voly - Vo2y)
¾ = ~ 、、; 为简化起见, 可以定义如下校准常数:
Sx = a(Slx +" x)、、:
Figure imgf000007_0002
= Volv + ¾2v^
Figure imgf000007_0003
VQz = ( o2js;― i-¾lx) + ( og,,― i¾.v) -'
¾ := y(¾ + 十 十 ¾y)
Figure imgf000008_0001
因此, 通过 算以下三个简化的方程、 使 ffl 3个灵敏度和 3个偏移系数进行校准, 便 可以得到 Bx, By, Bz三个磁场分量。 所以, 校准具有与现有技术中三轴指南针的设 计相当的复杂
Figure imgf000008_0002
实施例四:
图 4、 5和 6分别显不了外磁场在 X、 Y、 Ζ _ 轴的磁场分量分布图。 对于只有 X轴 磁场分量 13、 Bz:=0的情况, X轴、 Y轴磁敏传感器的输出分别为: 2x = χ( ') + V°2x" l7 iy = ¥ol,^
上面的四个式子, 可以看出 V1x、 V2x与外磁场有关, V1v、 V2v与外磁场无关, 且
Figure imgf000008_0003
对于图 5所示仅有 By磁场分量 12、 Bx 0、 Bz 0的情况, X轴、 Y轴磁敏传感器的 输出分别为:
= Volx,
Figure imgf000008_0004
则从上面的四个式子, 可以看出 V1x、 V2x与外磁场无关, V-!y, v2y与外磁 j = {¥ly + V2y) _
对于图 6所示仅有 Bz磁场分量 14、 Bx 0、 By-0的情况, X轴、 Y轴磁敏传感器的 输出分别为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
2y = S2y(-yBz) + Vo2y-' 由此可见 V1x、 V2x、 V1y, V2y均与外磁场有关, 且
„ _ 0¾:r- 1½)+(¾「¾.')― jy
实施例五
图 7为 轴数字指南针的一种具体实施方案图。 图中, X轴磁敏传感器 ( , 2' )禾 丫 轴磁敏传感器 (3' , 4f )感应平行于基片平面方向的 XY磁场分量, 图中所示图形的 所在平面平行于 XY平面。 这些磁敏传感器可以是 AMR、 GMR或者 TMR传感器。 每个磁敏传感器均包括两个参考元件 8' 和 9' , 直接位于通量集中器 5' 的下方, 以及两个感应元件 7' 和 10' , 沿着通量集中器 5' 的外缘周園排列。 参考元件 8' 和 9' 所在位置没有 XY磁场分量, 所以将不对外磁场产生响应, 从而通过两个 X, Y轴磁敏传感器输出双倍干感应元件 7' 和 10' 的磁场响应信¾参考元件 8' 和 9' 也可用感应元件取代和感应元件 7' 和 10' —起位于通量集中器 5' 的外缘周围。 参考元件 8' 、 9, 和感应元件 7' 、 10' 相间隔连接所构成的参考全桥如图 8所示, 图中各元件钉扎层的磁化方向相同, 该全桥电路的输出电压为 j
Figure imgf000009_0002
实施例六
图 9为:三轴数字指南针系统结构示意图, X、 Υ轴磁敏传感器中的感应元件 7和 8位 于通量集中器 5的外圑边缘, 参考元件 9和 10位于通量集中器 5的下方边缘, 且参 考元件 9、 10和感应元件 7、 8直接印制在 CMOS基片 15表面。 图 10为三轴数字指南针系统的数字信号处理电路原理图。 X1、 X2、 Y1和 Υ2轴磁 敏传感器 16的输出端与 ADC信号采集单元 17的输入端电连接, 其输出信号 V1 x、 V2x、 V3x和 V4x通过 ADC信号采集单元 1 7转换成数字信号, ADC信号采集单元 1 7 再将转换成的数字信号输送给与其输出端电连接的信号处理单元 18,信号处理单元 1 8对信号 V1x V3x和 V4x分别进行如下加法和减法的运算:
Figure imgf000010_0001
V2x = S2x( B:€― >¾) + Vo
Vly = Sly{aBy + γΒζ) + Vo-
^2 ■= ¾y (β-^ψ― ¾) + ¾
其中, α , Y为外磁场经过通量集中器 5后磁场的增益系数, 它们为其长度 宽 度 (W)和厚度 (ί)的函数。
A 分量:
B β ο, ζ
Figure imgf000010_0002
计算后得到的三维磁场分量经由信号输出单元 19输出, 从而实现对数字王轴指南
Ζ轴的磁场分量对应两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应两个 Υ轴磁敏 传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值与两个 Υ轴 磁敏传感器输出信号的差值之和。 在本发明的实施例中, 描述了最后一种对应方式, 但是前两种方法与之并无实质性区别, 本领域技术人员在看到本实施例后, 能够直 接、 毫无疑义的得出前两种方法, 因此, 在此不再累述前两种对应方式。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技术 A 员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,
修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求:
1.一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于: 它包括
通量集中器, 其用于对外磁场产生扭曲以使在 z轴的分量转变为 X轴、 Y轴磁场分量; 两个 X轴磁敏传感器, 所述 X轴磁敏传感器分别位于所述通量集中器沿 X轴方向的两侧边 缘, 每个 X轴磁敏传感器的敏感轴方向平行于 X轴;
两个 Y轴磁敏传感器, 所述 Y轴磁敏传感器分别位于所述通量集中器沿 Y轴方向的两侧边 缘, 每个 Y轴磁敏传感器的敏感轴方向平行于 Y轴;
信号采样单元, 其与各个磁敏传感器的输出端相电连, 用于对各个磁敏传感器输出的信号进 行采样;
信号处理单元, 其与信号采样单元的输出端相电连, 所述信号处理单元对采样信号进行计 算, 计算出对应于 X轴、 Y轴和 z轴的磁场分量的数字信号;
信号输出单元, 其将所述信号处理单元计算分离出来的数字信号输出。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y 轴磁敏传感器沉积在基片表面并感应基片表面内的磁场分量。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y 轴磁敏传感器为 AMR、 GMR或 TMR磁阻传感器之中的一种。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述各 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y 轴磁敏传感器为自旋阀, 并且所述 X轴磁敏传感器中元件的钉扎层的磁化方向与 Y轴磁敏 传感器中元件的钉扎层的磁化方向相互正交。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴 磁敏传感器各自至少包括一个感应元件和一个参考元件, 所述参考元件位于所述通量集中器 的下方, 所述感应元件沿所述通量集中器的边缘排列。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述 X轴的磁场分量对应两 个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和、 所述 Y轴的磁场分量对应两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号 之和。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述 Z轴的磁场分量对应所 述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差 值, 或者对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值与所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信 号的差值之和。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述通量集中器的组成材料 为高导磁率软磁金属材料 NiFe CoFeSiB CoZrNb CoFeB FeSiB 或 FeSiBNbCu 中的一 种。
9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述通量集中器的厚度为 1- 20
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述基片采用 CMOS, 将所 述 X轴磁敏传感器、 Y轴磁敏传感器印制在所述基片上面。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述 X轴的磁场分量对应 两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号之和、 所述 Y轴的磁场分量对应两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信 号之和。
12. 根据权利要求 10所述的一种三轴数字指南针, 其特征在于, 所述 Z轴的磁场分量对应 所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值, 或者对应所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出信号的 差值, 或者对应所述两个 X轴磁敏传感器输出信号的差值与所述两个 Y轴磁敏传感器输出 信号的差值之和。
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