WO2014182045A1 - 이중 주조 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents

이중 주조 방법 및 장치 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014182045A1
WO2014182045A1 PCT/KR2014/004016 KR2014004016W WO2014182045A1 WO 2014182045 A1 WO2014182045 A1 WO 2014182045A1 KR 2014004016 W KR2014004016 W KR 2014004016W WO 2014182045 A1 WO2014182045 A1 WO 2014182045A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
casting
mold
molten metal
cavity
casting chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2014/004016
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
지정욱
Original Assignee
Ji Jung Wook
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ji Jung Wook filed Critical Ji Jung Wook
Priority to DE112014002341.8T priority Critical patent/DE112014002341T5/de
Priority to US14/889,821 priority patent/US20160129498A1/en
Priority to JP2016512831A priority patent/JP6117992B2/ja
Priority to CN201480038602.4A priority patent/CN105492143A/zh
Publication of WO2014182045A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014182045A1/ko

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
    • B22D17/145—Venting means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2023—Nozzles or shot sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/32—Controlling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/06—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by controlling the pressure above the molten metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double casting method and apparatus. More specifically, the present invention may be applied to the mold with reduced pressure casting and gravity casting, to remove the pores and bubbles in the product to prevent casting defects and to solve the unformed problem can easily produce high heat-resistant cast steel products A casting method and apparatus.
  • the commonly used metal mold casting method is one of the most fundamental techniques of metal forming, and is used to manufacture large quantities of the same type of product.
  • the casting method is prepared by putting scrap, pig iron, ferroalloy, or nonferrous metal raw material into a furnace, heating and melting, pouring into a mold of sand or metal, cooling and solidifying. It is a principle that the molten metal is molded into a mold made of a desired model and then molded, and then the molten metal hardens to be the same metal object as the model. Casting can produce products in large quantities once the mold design is complete, but casting defects frequently involve undesired non-metallic components (inclusions) as part of the product in the final product. .
  • molten metal injected and dissolved in the atmosphere dissolves and absorbs a large amount of gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. As the solubility decreases during coagulation, bubbles are generated, and some unresolved gases remain to prevent surface defects. It is also generated.
  • a method of casting using a vacuum technique is called a vacuum (decompression) casting method.
  • Such vacuum casting may be used in a manner in which melting is carried out in the air and then cast under vacuum conditions, or when the molten melt is received in a ladle in a ladle, and then vacuumed or cast in air.
  • the vacuum casting method When the vacuum casting method is used, harmful gas components can be easily removed, and the mechanical properties of the product are excellent, and thus the casting method is used to manufacture products such as stainless steel, heat resistant steel, tool steel, bearing steel, and magnetic materials.
  • this technique uses a vacuum pressure to inject molten metal into the mold to make the product.
  • insects Worm holes such as holes are created and some product surfaces have large amounts of non-fill casting defects.
  • the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 0477948 may cause a fatal problem of mold breakage with a low-strength sand mold because of the need to rapidly fill the molten metal with a ceramic cell mold using a vacuum pump, the cavity of the mold (cavity) Expensive ceramic cell molds when molten metal is rotated to 300 RPM to 600 RPM after the molten metal is filled, causing molten metal to break the mold or cause product fatal defects due to deformation. This is inevitably vulnerable at cost. Furthermore, such ceramic cell molds for precision casting are not applicable to products of internal insert shapes such as turbine housings because they do not collapse naturally after the molten metal is solidified.
  • the ceramic cell mold is used by heating to 900 °C or more.
  • the high temperature of the mold requires a long time of 600 seconds or more to solidify the molten metal, and has a fatal weakness in productivity. If the mold moves earlier, molten metal, not only solidified in the upright riser of heading 0947948, but also to the product connected to the gate, can escape into the source and cause fatal quality problems.
  • the company attempts to improve productivity by filling molten metal in the mold cavity and rotating it by centrifugal force until the product is completely solidified. However, the product still requires a long time of 300 seconds or more until it is completely solidified.
  • the injection tube was used once, and since the injection tube was made of the same material as the ceramic shell mold and connected together, there was a disadvantage that the molten metal was not separated even if it was solidified and thus could not be reused.
  • Hitchiner's anti-gravity vacuum casting technology has not been commercialized in the sand casting products, and other companies around the world have succeeded in the development of anti-gravity vacuum casting technology using suction pipes applied to the sand casting products. There is no mass production example.
  • the present inventors have repeatedly studied casting methods to overcome the above-mentioned problems and remove the sand molds and vacuum pressures instead of the ceramic precision casting molds, and double casting for recharging molten metal which has not been solidified by gravity by gravity.
  • the present invention was completed by producing a high temperature heat resistant stainless steel product by applying the technology.
  • Another object of the present invention to provide a duplex casting method that can easily remove the inclusions contained in the molten metal.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a duplex casting method capable of producing a product having a high precision and a complicated shape.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a duplex casting method which can have cost reduction and productivity increase effects.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a duplex casting apparatus.
  • the duplex casting device includes a casting chamber having a space portion therein; An injection tube mounted below the casting chamber and into which molten metal is injected; A mold that is detachably connected to the injection tube and has a cavity; A filling medium filled in the casting chamber and between the mold; And a pressure regulating means positioned on the casting chamber and depressurizing the inside of the casting chamber.
  • In one embodiment further comprises a riser for receiving the molten metal through the upper portion of the inside of the mold and discharged into the cavity.
  • the riser is formed from about 30% to about 120% by volume of the mold.
  • the melting furnace to form a melt by melting the raw material; characterized in that it further comprises.
  • the inner diameter of the injection tube is characterized in that larger than the inner diameter of the inlet of the cavity.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the cavity and the inner diameter of the injection tube is about 1: 1.1 to about 1: 3.
  • the pressure regulating means is characterized in that it comprises a suction screen, a vacuum pump and a suction pipe.
  • the double casting method includes depressurizing a casting chamber filled with a filling medium by pressure adjusting means to inject molten metal into a cavity inside a mold along an injection tube by a pressure difference from the outside; And releasing the depressurization of the casting chamber before the molten metal first injected into the cavity is solidified and secondaryly injected by gravity.
  • the melt injected into the riser is discharged by gravity to be injected into the cavity secondly do.
  • the method is characterized in that the mold is put into the injection chamber inside the injection tube is mounted and coupled to the injection tube, the injection chamber is filled with a filling medium, and the primary injection by decompression.
  • the injection speed of the molten metal injected into the mold is controlled by adjusting the speed of depressurizing the casting chamber.
  • the injection tube, the pressure adjusting means and the filling medium is characterized in that it is reused.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a duplex casting apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 (a) is a cross section of the injection tube according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (b) shows a cross section of the injection tube according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a duplex casting apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a duplex casting apparatus.
  • the duplex casting apparatus 100 includes a casting chamber 10 having a space formed therein; An injection tube 20 fixed to a lower portion of the casting chamber 10 and into which molten metal is injected; A mold 30 which is detachably connected to the injection tube 20 and has a cavity 35; A filling medium 40 filling between the casting chamber 10 and the mold 30; And pressure adjusting means (60) positioned on the casting chamber (10) and depressurizing the inside of the casting chamber (10).
  • the casting chamber 10 is filled with the filling medium 40 is formed in the space so as to fix the mold 30, the pressure control means 60 by the pressure control means 60 to reduce the mold ( 30) can be provided a reduced pressure atmosphere.
  • the injection tube 20 is inserted into the casting chamber 10 to be mounted and fixed at a lower portion thereof, and a part thereof may protrude to be immersed in the molten metal to inject the molten metal into the mold 30.
  • a plurality of injection tubes 10 may be installed.
  • the injection tube 20 may be made of a conventional material.
  • a fire resistant material such as ceramic may be used, which may prevent a reaction upon contact with the molten metal, but is not limited thereto.
  • an inner diameter d1 of the injection tube 20 may be larger than an inner diameter d2 of the cavity 35 in the present invention.
  • the residence time of the molten metal can be increased even when the pressure is released.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter d2 of the cavity 35 and the inner diameter d1 of the injection tube 20 (d2: d1) may be about 1: 1.1 to about 1: 3.
  • the residence time of the molten metal may be increased even when the pressurization of the casting chamber 10 is released in the above range.
  • the inlet shape of the injection tube 20 can be designed to be fitted to the mold.
  • Figure 2 (a) is a cross section of the injection tube 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (b) shows a cross section of the injection tube 21 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the portion in contact with the bottom of the casting chamber may have a shape that is wider and narrower toward the top.
  • the mold 30 is detachably connected to the injection tube 20 and may have a cavity 35 in the form of a desired product.
  • the mold 30 may be made of a conventional material.
  • a sand mold may be used as the mold 30.
  • the mold 30 may include a sand, a water-soluble phenol resin, an ester curing agent, and the like, to obtain a mixed sand, and add the kneaded sand to a mold to prepare a mold, but is not limited thereto. .
  • the sand may be a conventional one.
  • silica sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand or alumina sand may be used.
  • the sand may be used having a diameter of about 0.05mm to about 1mm.
  • a plurality of molds 30 may be installed in the casting chamber 10.
  • one to nine molds 30 may be installed to reduce costs and improve productivity through effective space allocation.
  • the resin attached to the sand disappears by heat, causing natural collapse. Therefore, since the mold 30 and the ceramic injection tube 20 are naturally separated, the injection tube 20 attached to the container can be reused to increase the cost reduction effect, and the injection tube 20 in the casting chamber 10 as shown in FIG. 1. ) Is fixed, and only the mold 30 can be continuously replaced, thereby increasing the productivity increase effect.
  • the filling medium 40 may be filled in the casting chamber 10 and around the mold 30 to support the mold 30.
  • the filling medium 40 may be used conventional.
  • refractory particles such as mixed sand or sand may be used, but are not limited thereto.
  • the filling medium 40 while filling the filling medium 40 while applying vibration to the casting chamber 10 for a predetermined time it can be filled uniformly while increasing the filling density.
  • the duplex casting apparatus 100 may further include a riser 50 that receives the molten metal through the upper part of the cavity 35 in the mold 30 and discharges it to the cavity by gravity.
  • the riser 50 may be included for the purpose of preventing casting defects such as bubbles or inclusions in the product during solidification of the mold 30.
  • the riser 50 may be located above the cavity 35 as in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the lower surface of the riser 50 may be located above the upper surface of the cavity 35.
  • the bottom surface of riser 50 may have a spacing between the top surface of cavity 35 and about 1 cm to about 100 cm.
  • the initial unstable molten metal and remaining inclusions and impurities are moved upward to remove the product out of the product and the molten metal injected into the riser 50.
  • the gravity is injected into the lower cavity 30 from the riser 50 located at the upper side, and the air bubbles and air contained in the cavity 35 melt can be removed to prevent shrinkage defects and bubble defects of the product, easily prevent the inclusions included to prevent casting defects, it is possible to manufacture products of excellent precision and complex shape.
  • the riser 50 may be formed in a size of about 30% by volume to about 120% by volume of the mold 30. In embodiments it may be formed in a size of about 50% by volume to about 80% by volume.
  • Inclusions included in the molten metal in the above range can be easily removed, and bubbles and air remaining in the mold 30 can be easily removed.
  • the pressure adjusting means 60 may be positioned above the casting chamber 10 to reduce the pressure by adjusting the pressure inside the casting chamber 10.
  • the pressure adjusting means 60 may include a suction screen 64, a vacuum pump (not shown) and the suction pipe (62). Referring to FIG. 1, the suction screen 64 is connected to an upper portion of the casting chamber 10, and a suction pipe 62 is connected to one surface of the suction screen 64, and the suction pipe 62 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the pressure inside the casting chamber 10 can be adjusted by connecting and operating a vacuum pump.
  • the suction screen 64 may serve to pass only gas through the suction pipe 62 and prevent the suction of the filling medium 40 when the vacuum pump included in the pressure regulating means 60 operates.
  • the vacuum pump may adjust the pressure of the casting chamber 10 to control the gas removal and the molten metal injection rate inside the mold 30.
  • a conventional one can be used.
  • an ion pump and a diffusion pump may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the suction pipe 62 may reduce the pressure in the casting chamber 10 by discharging the gas inside the casting chamber 10 to the outside during the operation of the vacuum pump. At this time, it is possible to control the injection speed of the molten metal by adjusting the speed of reducing the pressure inside the casting chamber 10.
  • the duplex casting apparatus 100 may further include a melting furnace 70 for dissolving raw materials to form a molten metal.
  • the melting furnace 70 is positioned below the dual casting apparatus 100 such that the injection pipe 20 of the dual casting apparatus 100 is immersed in the molten metal inside the melting furnace 70, thereby casting
  • the molten metal can be injected by the reduced pressure of the chamber 10.
  • the injection tube 20 may be immersed in a melt formed in the melting furnace 70 to a depth of about 3 cm to about 10 cm. Under the above conditions, the injection rate of the molten metal can be easily adjusted while preventing the casting defect by preventing the external air from flowing into the molten metal to the maximum.
  • the melting furnace 70 may be a conventional one.
  • a molten metal may be formed by heating a received raw material using an electric furnace including a coil type heating element such as tungsten and kanthal.
  • the duplex casting method may include a step of firstly injecting the casting chamber 10 into the cavity 35 by decompressing the pressure, and releasing the second pressure to inject the secondly.
  • the casting chamber 10 filled with the filling medium 40 is depressurized by the pressure regulating means 60 so that the molten metal is injected along the injection pipe 20 by the pressure difference from the outside to the inside of the mold 30.
  • the double casting method is to put the mold 30 in the casting chamber 10, the injection tube 20 is mounted to combine with the injection tube 20, the inside of the casting chamber 10, the filling medium ( After filling with 40) it can be injected first by decompression through the pressure adjusting means.
  • duplex casting method will be described in detail step by step.
  • the step is to dissolve the raw material contained in the melting furnace 70 to form a molten metal.
  • An electric furnace may be used as the melting furnace 70, and the raw material may be dissolved by heating using a heating element coil included in the electric furnace, but is not limited thereto.
  • the step is filling the filling medium 40 between the casting chamber 10 and the mold 30, and then depressurizing the internal pressure of the casting chamber 10 through the pressure adjusting means (60). .
  • the reduced pressure may be adjusted to about 10 ⁇ 2 torr to about 10 ⁇ 5 torr. Under the above conditions, the injection speed of the molten metal can be easily adjusted, and casting defects can be prevented.
  • the injection tube 20 of the reduced pressure casting chamber 10 is immersed in the manufactured molten metal, and the molten metal is poured along the injection tube 20 by the pressure difference between the casting chamber 10 and the outside. ) Is first injected into the cavity 35 inside.
  • the injection tube 20 is infiltrated into the molten metal formed in the melting furnace 70 to a depth of about 3cm to about 10cm may be injected into the molten metal.
  • the injection speed of the molten metal can be easily adjusted while preventing the casting defect by preventing the external air from flowing into the molten metal as much as possible.
  • the injection speed of the molten metal injected into the mold 30 may be adjusted by adjusting the decompression speed of the casting chamber 10 during the decompression. Specifically, the injection of the molten metal by adjusting the depressurization rate applied through the pressure adjusting means 60 to minimize turbulence according to the shape of the desired product through the data obtained through the manufacture of repeated products You can adjust the speed.
  • the decompression rate can be adjusted from about 0.1 cm / s to about 30 cm / s.
  • bubbles are generated by turbulence of the molten metal when the injection rate is adjusted, thereby preventing casting defects such as unmolding by hindering the filling of the molten metal in the mold 30.
  • the injection speed of the molten metal injected into the riser 50 formed through the upper part of the cavity 35 may be adjusted by adjusting the decompression speed of the casting chamber 10 during the decompression.
  • the decompression of the casting chamber 10 is released, and the second injection is performed by gravity.
  • the primary injection is where the melt moves from bottom to top, while the secondary injection moves from top to bottom.
  • the molten metal first injected into the cavity 35 starts directional solidification from the outside of the cavity 35. Therefore, the relatively low density inclusions (or impurities) may be easily solidified on the surface of the cavity 35. In addition, pores and bubbles formed in the cavity 35 may be easily removed while the second injection.
  • the molten metal injected into the riser 50 is discharged by gravity when the pressure is released from the casting chamber 10. Secondary injection into the cavity 35 can be made. As the molten metal injected up to the riser 50 is secondly injected into the mold 30 by gravity, pores and bubbles formed in the cavity 35 may be easily removed.
  • the step is to disassemble the second injection chamber 10 to obtain a product formed inside the mold (30).
  • FIG. 3 shows a duplex casting apparatus 100 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the injection tube 20, the pressure regulator 60, and the filling medium 40 may be easily detached from the casting chamber 10a.
  • the casting chamber 10a is separated and dismantled, and the injection tube 20, the pressure regulator 60, and the filling medium 40 are removed. Is mounted on the other casting chamber (10b) can be reused can have a cost reduction effect.
  • a lower portion of the cylindrical injection chamber 10 having a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 800 mm has a shape as shown in FIG. 2 (a) and a 200 mm long ceramic injection tube 20 is installed.
  • a mold 30 having a cavity 35 was prepared by using a kneaded sand made of alumina sand, a water-soluble phenolic resin, and an ester curing agent, and formed at the inlet of the injection tube 20. Overlay was placed inside the injection chamber (10). At this time, the injection pipe inner diameter (d1) is ⁇ 50mm, the cavity inlet diameter (d2) was used to form a size of ⁇ 25mm.
  • the mold 30 was equipped with a riser 50 communicating with the upper portion of the cavity 35. At this time, the riser 50 was formed to have a size of 65% by volume with respect to the entire volume of the mold 30.
  • the formed mold 30 as shown in FIG. 1 was overlaid on the injection tube 20 so as not to generate a gap.
  • the filling chamber 40 was charged while vibrating between the injection chamber 10 and the mold 30 with a filling medium 40.
  • a raw material is added and heated to prepare a molten metal, and then a suction screen 60, a suction pipe 62, and an upper portion of the injection chamber 10.
  • the pressure adjusting means 60 including a vacuum pump (not shown) to operate a vacuum pump (not shown) to maintain the interior of the injection chamber 10 in a vacuum state of 10 -3 torr.
  • the ceramic injection tube 20 is immersed in the molten metal produced in the electric furnace to a depth of 50 mm to first inject the molten metal into the injection tube 20 to the mold 30 and the riser 50. The molten metal was injected.
  • the vacuum pump was turned off so that the molten metal injected up to the riser 50 by gravity was injected into the cavity 35 by gravity before the first molten molten metal solidified.
  • the injection chamber 10 was moved and placed on a disassembly conveyor to obtain a product formed in the cavity 35 in the mold 30. At this time, the obtained product did not cause casting defects such as bubbles, wormholes and unmolded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
PCT/KR2014/004016 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 이중 주조 방법 및 장치 WO2014182045A1 (ko)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112014002341.8T DE112014002341T5 (de) 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 Doppelgiessverfahren und -gerät
US14/889,821 US20160129498A1 (en) 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 Double casting method and apparatus
JP2016512831A JP6117992B2 (ja) 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 鋳造装置及び二重鋳造方法
CN201480038602.4A CN105492143A (zh) 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 双重铸造方法和设备

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2013-0052062 2013-05-08
KR1020130052062A KR101367200B1 (ko) 2013-05-08 2013-05-08 이중 주조 방법 및 장치

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014182045A1 true WO2014182045A1 (ko) 2014-11-13

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US (1) US20160129498A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6117992B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101367200B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN105492143A (ja)
DE (1) DE112014002341T5 (ja)
WO (1) WO2014182045A1 (ja)

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US11498121B2 (en) * 2019-03-14 2022-11-15 General Electric Company Multiple materials and microstructures in cast alloys
CN113369442B (zh) * 2021-05-25 2022-11-04 庆铃汽车（集团）有限公司 用于铸件内部缺陷改善的注射冒口及冒口装置

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