WO2014180637A2 - Moteur électrique, destiné notamment à une assistance de direction d'un véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Moteur électrique, destiné notamment à une assistance de direction d'un véhicule à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180637A2
WO2014180637A2 PCT/EP2014/057670 EP2014057670W WO2014180637A2 WO 2014180637 A2 WO2014180637 A2 WO 2014180637A2 EP 2014057670 W EP2014057670 W EP 2014057670W WO 2014180637 A2 WO2014180637 A2 WO 2014180637A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
units
drive
winding
electric machine
electrical machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/057670
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014180637A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Henninger
Jörg Dammköhler
Reinhold Berberich
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2014180637A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014180637A2/fr
Publication of WO2014180637A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014180637A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/06—Machines characterised by the presence of fail safe, back up, redundant or other similar emergency arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine, in particular for a steering aid of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1, and a drive device with an electric machine according to the invention.
  • electrical machines inter alia in the form of permanent-magnet synchronous motors
  • Steering is a basic function of a motor vehicle, which must be ensured at all times of the ride. Therefore, it is helpful for safety reasons that the power steering allows the steering of the vehicle even with a defect of the electric machine and provides sufficient steering assistance.
  • steering aids with electric machines for applying the supporting torque for steering there is a risk that the electric machine acts in a defect of the power amplifier by the driver's steering movement and generates a regenerative moment opposite the supporting moment. To prevent such an effect, the power steering is usually completely disabled in case of a defect to allow a purely manual steering without any steering assistance.
  • a power steering apparatus which has a motor with a main and auxiliary coil winding.
  • a steering assisting torque is applied by means of the auxiliary coil winding and control electronics for the auxiliary coil winding continues.
  • this can be partially intercepted defects in the control electronics of the engine, however, occur defects in the engine itself, such as by a short circuit between the main and auxiliary coil winding, it can still lead to a failure of the engine and thus to a failure of the power steering device.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to show a drive device which is at least partially operable with high reliability.
  • the object is achieved by means of an electric machine of the type mentioned above, which has at least two drive units operated independently of one another for driving the rotor device of the electric machine.
  • the invention is based on the basic concept of winding units of the electric machine by electrical supply. Group together to drive units to form a plurality of drive units within the stator. Each drive unit is suitable for itself to exert a torque on the rotor device and thus to maintain the function of the electric machine. In this way, a redundancy of drive units within an electrical machine is created, which means that in the event of failure of a drive unit with the remaining drive units still a torque can be generated to apply, for example, sufficient for steering steering assistance.
  • the drive units are independently of each other as individual drive units.
  • the purpose is to exclude the influence of a fault in a drive unit on the remaining drive units.
  • Operate independently includes in addition to the exercise of the function of the electric machine in the broader sense, measures that must be taken to achieve the greatest possible independence of the drive units, for example.
  • the drive units as far as spatially and electrically separate as far as possible to influence each other to reduce.
  • the drive units are controlled in a coordinated manner, in order to normally produce a torque which is equivalent to that of a conventional electric machine, for example a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).
  • PMSM permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • the drive units have at least one basic scheme of a minimum number of winding units, which is sufficient to drive the rotor device.
  • the arrangement and electrical coupling or interconnection and the minimum number of winding units determine the structure of a basic scheme.
  • the drive unit can be expanded by arranging several basic schematics.
  • the basic schemas can be used adjacent to be arranged one another. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the basic schemas combined into a drive unit are not arranged spatially adjacent to one another.
  • the electrical machines may comprise drive units having the same number of basic schemas. It is also conceivable, however, to realize electrical machines with several drive units whose number of basic schematics differ from one another.
  • the minimum number of winding units per basic scheme is three winding units, but may also be an integer multiple of three winding units depending on the interconnection of the winding units.
  • each drive unit has terminals for supplying the current, wherein the terminals of the drive units are each electrically decoupled from each other.
  • the terminals of the drive units for supplying the current are not electrically connected to each other.
  • each drive unit has the same number of winding units, in particular basic schematics.
  • the contribution of the torque applied by a drive unit is thus generated in equal proportions by the drive units.
  • the regenerative effect of a defective drive unit is less than the torque that can be applied by the intact drive unit. Only at higher speeds does the inhibiting torque increase due to the regenerative effect and the driving torque is increasingly reduced.
  • the generator unit can be sufficiently compensated for by the still intact drive units given a uniform distribution of the winding units on the drive units.
  • the embodiment allows the use of equally designed components, such as in the control device or power amplifier.
  • the drive unit and the control device connected thereto are switched off, so that via the defective drive unit no rotating field is generated anymore.
  • an embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention is also advantageous in which the number of winding units, in particular basic schemes, per drive unit is unequal. This allows in particular a variety of implementation possibilities of an electric machine according to the invention, in which the torques to be generated by the drive units are divided differently.
  • an embodiment of the invention of the electric machine having two drive units.
  • the invention is particularly cost-effective in this way and at the same time provides sufficient for a variety of applications redundancy of the drive units.
  • Particularly advantageous is an embodiment of the invention of the electric machine, in which the drive units are arranged adjacent to each other.
  • the winding units of a drive unit in the stator device are arranged directly adjacent to one another. This arrangement has the advantage that the drive units with their associated control devices can be electrically connected without crossing and in this way a short circuit between the drive units can be better prevented constructively.
  • an embodiment of the machine according to the invention in which an electrically insulating means is arranged between the winding units of different drive units.
  • an embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention is advantageous, which has a stator device with a plurality of winding segments, and in each case a winding unit is arranged on a winding segment.
  • a particularly good insulation of the winding units to each other can be ensured.
  • a single tooth winding of the winding units is particularly advantageous in terms of a simple design and control availability of the electrical machine, as well as the reduction of the risk of short circuits.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention is further developed in that the winding units of a drive unit can be connected to each other by means of a star connection or delta connection.
  • Each strand of the star or delta connection can have a plurality of winding units, wherein the winding units can be connected within the train in series or in parallel to each other.
  • the basic principle of the division of the electric machine into several drive units and the resulting redundancy is given in the same way.
  • the invention further comprises a drive device, in particular for a steering aid of a motor vehicle, with an electric machine according to one of the preceding embodiments. Further areas of application of the drive device are, for example, brake systems, transmission controls, etc.
  • the drive device in each case has a control device for operating a drive unit.
  • the control device preferably comprises a power output stage.
  • a control device is preferred which has a unit for controlling the power output stage and controlling the power output stage.
  • the drive units are largely independently operable. Further preferred embodiments are illustrated in the following description of embodiments with reference to figures. Show it: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a stator and rotor device of a first embodiment of the electric machine, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the electrical circuits of the winding units of the electrical machine
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the basic schematics of a second exemplary embodiment of the electric machine
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the basic schematics of a further exemplary embodiment of the electrical machine.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the electrical circuit of the electrical machine with a control device.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electric machine 10 according to the invention (see FIG. 6) with a stator device
  • winding units 21a-21f and 31a-31f each having first 22a-22f, 32a-32f and second terminals 23a-23f, 33a-33f are disposed on the stator device 1 (see Fig. 3).
  • a plurality of winding units 21a-21f and 31a-31f are connected by means of the terminals 22a-22f, 32a-32f; 23a-23f, 33a-33f are thus electrically coupled to a drive unit 20, 30 in order to generate a magnetic field for driving the rotor device by means of a plurality of phase currents
  • the electric machine 10 in this embodiment has two independently operated drive units 20, 30 for driving the rotor device 2, wherein a dividing line 6 for illustrating the separation of the drive units 20, 30 in Figure 3 is located.
  • the stator device 1 is annular and has an outer wall 3. Within the stator device 1 is a recess in which the rotor device 2 is arranged and as a result of the energization of the winding units 21a-21f; 31a-31f is excited to turn.
  • the stator device 1 has a plurality of winding segments 4, namely, according to the number of winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f. On a winding segment 4, a winding unit 21a-21f, 31a-31f is arranged in each case. Between the winding segments 4, a clearance 5 is provided to prevent contact between the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f.
  • the free space 5 is dimensioned such that even with a thermal expansion of the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f no contact between the winding units is formed.
  • an electrically insulating means is arranged, which electrically isolates the drive units 20, 30 from each other.
  • the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f are wound on the winding segments 4 as single-tooth windings.
  • the winding segments 4 are formed so that the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f can be arranged without contact with each other.
  • the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f are formed of a plurality of windings of an electrically conductive wire. Preference is given to the use of a copper wire with an insulating lacquer coating.
  • the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f are respectively adjacent and insulated from each other within the stator device 1. Each winding unit 21a-21f, 31a-31f has two terminals 22a-22f, 32a-32f (input side) and 23a-23f, 33a-33f (output side), respectively.
  • each winding unit 21a and 21d are electrically coupled in series with one another to form a winding strand.
  • the second output-side terminal 23a of the winding unit 21a is electrically coupled or connected to the first input-side terminal 22d of the winding unit 21d.
  • the winding units of the second drive unit 30 are connected to each other.
  • the winding strands are interconnected in a neutral point 29. It is also conceivable to connect the winding strands to form a triangular circuit.
  • the winding unit 21a is provided for the supply of the current of the phase Wl. Accordingly, the winding units 21b and 21c are provided for supplying the currents of the phases Vi and Ul.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the arrangement and the interconnection of the winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f further embodiments in a schematic cut-open to a plane representation.
  • the winding units 21a-21c, 21d-21f each form a basic diagram 25a, 25b.
  • At the winding units 21a-21c, 21d-21f is in each case a phase of the AC voltage Ul, Vi, Wl.
  • a magnetic field is formed, each with a pair of poles.
  • the drive unit 20 can be extended by repeating the basic schemas 25a, 25b, as desired.
  • FIG. 1 An alternative basic scheme is shown in FIG.
  • the respective adjacent winding units 21a and 21b are electrically coupled to each other.
  • the winding units 21a, 21b are electrically coupled to each other such that in the winding unit 21a, the current in the winding direction and in the winding unit 21b, the current runs counter to the winding direction, indicated by the cross and point in the winding units 21a, 21b.
  • the basic scheme 26, 36 has six winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f according to this circuit example. With a corresponding current supply, a magnetic field with 2.5 pole pairs is created, so that a magnetic field with a total of five pole pairs is created in two drive units 20, 30.
  • Each drive unit comprises at least one basic scheme. It is also conceivable, however, to install a drive unit with two basic schematics and a further drive unit with a basic scheme in an electrical machine.
  • the drive units 20, 30 are arranged along the circumference of the stator device 1 on one half each and adjacent to one another, as shown schematically in FIG. As long as both drive units 20, 30 are functioning properly, the electric machine operates like a conventional electric machine. In the event that a drive unit fails, a proper magnetic field can be generated at least via the intact drive unit 20, 30 in order to continue to generate a torque.
  • Each drive unit 20, 30 has the same number of winding units 21a-21f, 31a-31f and provides about half of the torque even if one drive unit 20, 30 fails.
  • Each drive unit has in each case three connections 22a-22c, 32a-32c for supplying currents in the phases W1, Vi, Ul or W2, V2, U2.
  • the connections of the drive units are each electrically decoupled from each other, as shown in Figure 6. This will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiment of a drive device 40 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of an electrical circuit of a drive device 40 with an electric machine 10 according to the invention.
  • the steering aid also has in each case a control device 41a, 41b for operating the drive units 20, 30.
  • the control devices 41, 41b each comprise a power output stage 43a, 43b, which is designed in the form of a B6 bridge. It also includes a gate drive unit 42a, 42b. These are each controlled via a controller (not shown here) with a pulse-width-modulated signal PWM.
  • each drive unit 20, 30 the electric machine 10 has its own connections 22a-22c and 32a-32c for supplying the flows.
  • Each drive unit is electrically coupled to its own control device 41a, 41b and is independently powered.
  • the decoupling of the drive units can be controlled by the entire control erkette be performed to the power source to accommodate in this way two completely decoupled drive units 20, 30 in an electric machine.
  • This decoupling of the drive units 20, 30 ensures that a fault or defect in one of the drive units 20, 30 does not affect the functionality of the other drive unit 20, 30.
  • a sufficient torque can thus be applied even in the event of a failure of a drive unit 20, 30 in order to effectively support the steering of the motor vehicle.
  • the drive device can be installed only with a few adjustments in currently known power steering or power steering devices. Despite several redundant drive units, the electric machine of the drive device consumes no additional installation space, since the structure of the motor does not change in principle.
  • the control device in particular the transistors of the power output stages, can be realized with smaller electronic components, since the maximum current load decreases according to the number of drive units.
  • Circuit arrangement for operating an electrical machine which has a plurality of lines (U, V, W) for each phase of an alternating current for operating the electric machine, each line (U, V, W) having a plurality of series-connected switching elements having a half-bridge form, wherein the half-bridge between two switching elements a connection and wherein the circuit arrangement can be electrically coupled to the electrical machine via the connections of the half-bridge,
  • each line has a plurality of half-bridges which are electrically connected in parallel with each other.
  • Circuit arrangement wherein the electric machine has a plurality of drive units, characterized in that the half bridges of a line (U, V, W) are each assigned to different drive units.
  • Circuit arrangement according to one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the electric machine comprises a plurality of star circuits connected winding strands, each forming a drive unit, characterized in that the half bridges of a line (U, V, W) are each assigned to different star circuits.
  • Circuit arrangement wherein the electric machine has a plurality of winding circuits connected to delta circuits, each of which form a drive unit, characterized in that the half bridges of a line are to be assigned to different delta circuits.
  • Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the circuit arrangement comprises conductors for conducting the current, characterized in that the cross section of the conductors between the switching elements of the half-bridge and / or the connection of a half-bridge and the electrical machine is smaller than the cross-section of a conductor for conducting of the maximum operating current of the electric machine.
  • Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the line has two half-bridges connected in parallel with one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

Moteur électrique (10), destiné notamment à une assistance de direction (40) d'un véhicule à moteur, présentant un dispositif stator (1) et un dispositif rotor (2), ainsi qu'une pluralité d'unités d'enroulements (21a-21f, 31a-31f ) comportant une première connexion (22a-22f, 32a-32f) et une deuxième connexion (23a-23f, 33a-33f) qui sont agencées sur le dispositif stator (1), plusieurs unités d'enroulements (21a-21f, 31a-31f) étant couplées électriquement au moyen des connexions (22a-22f, 32a-32f; 23a-23f, 33a-33f) de façon à former une unité d'entraînement (20, 30) de manière à produire un champ magnétique servant à entraîner le dispositif rotor (2) du moteur électrique (10), au moyen d'un apport de courant. Ce moteur électrique (10) présente au moins deux unités d'entraînement (20, 30) fonctionnant indépendamment l'une de l'autre et servant à entraîner le dispositif rotor (2) du moteur électrique (10).
PCT/EP2014/057670 2013-05-08 2014-04-15 Moteur électrique, destiné notamment à une assistance de direction d'un véhicule à moteur WO2014180637A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013208570.2 2013-05-08
DE201310208570 DE102013208570A1 (de) 2013-05-08 2013-05-08 Elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für eine Lenkhilfe eines Kraftfahrzeugs

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014180637A2 true WO2014180637A2 (fr) 2014-11-13
WO2014180637A3 WO2014180637A3 (fr) 2015-06-04

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WO (1) WO2014180637A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101838861B1 (ko) 2014-11-28 2018-03-14 콘티넨탈 테베스 아게 운트 코. 오하게 영구 자석 동기 머신 및 자동차 시스템
US10560008B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2020-02-11 Johnson Electric International AG Brushless direct current electric motor and electric power steering system

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DE102015200095A1 (de) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stator für eine elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen
DE102016221349A1 (de) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit Teilmaschinen
KR102489299B1 (ko) 2017-09-06 2023-01-17 엘지이노텍 주식회사 모터
DE102018129743A1 (de) * 2018-11-26 2020-05-28 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG PM-Synchronmotor mit Vorrichtung zur Parametrierung der Magnete und integrierter Bremsfunktion

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DE102005004875A1 (de) 2005-02-03 2006-08-10 Linde Ag Elektro-Flurförderzeug mit einer Traktionsbatterie und einer lösbaren elektrischen Leitungsverbindung

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DE1019736B (de) 1955-01-12 1957-11-21 Siemens Ag Buehnenbeleuchtungseinrichtung
DE102005004875A1 (de) 2005-02-03 2006-08-10 Linde Ag Elektro-Flurförderzeug mit einer Traktionsbatterie und einer lösbaren elektrischen Leitungsverbindung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10560008B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2020-02-11 Johnson Electric International AG Brushless direct current electric motor and electric power steering system
KR101838861B1 (ko) 2014-11-28 2018-03-14 콘티넨탈 테베스 아게 운트 코. 오하게 영구 자석 동기 머신 및 자동차 시스템

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Publication number Publication date
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WO2014180637A3 (fr) 2015-06-04

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