WO2015000669A1 - Procédé permettant d'éviter les couples freineurs dans des machines synchrones à excitation permanente - Google Patents

Procédé permettant d'éviter les couples freineurs dans des machines synchrones à excitation permanente Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015000669A1
WO2015000669A1 PCT/EP2014/062172 EP2014062172W WO2015000669A1 WO 2015000669 A1 WO2015000669 A1 WO 2015000669A1 EP 2014062172 W EP2014062172 W EP 2014062172W WO 2015000669 A1 WO2015000669 A1 WO 2015000669A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric machine
short
determining
time
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/062172
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Gross
Original Assignee
Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent Gmbh filed Critical Voith Patent Gmbh
Publication of WO2015000669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015000669A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0076—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/24—Arrangements for stopping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling a multi-phase output stage of a permanently excited electric machine, a control unit for a vehicle and a vehicle.
  • a permanent-magnet synchronous machine is used to drive a vehicle and if this vehicle has a high speed and if the closed-loop control of the synchronous machine also fails, an undesired braking torque can result from the feedback of electrical energy (the synchronous machine operates as a generator). Sudden and uncontrolled braking torques of a vehicle driven by a synchronous machine can endanger driving safety and must therefore be prevented or at least limited. Regeneration and thus unwanted braking can be prevented by short-circuiting the Endstuf e / of the inverter of the synchronous machine. As a result, an unwanted increase in the intermediate circuit voltage can also be avoided, so that no overvoltage occurs.
  • a method for driving a polyphase output stage of a permanently excited electric machine wherein the electric machine is provided for driving a vehicle, the output stage comprises power switch pairs each having a first circuit breaker and a respective second circuit breaker connected in series are, wherein the first power switch is connected to a DC voltage and the second power switch is connected to a reference potential of the DC voltage, wherein respective nodes of the first connected to the second power switch with respective phase strands of the permanent magnet machine, comprising the steps of: determining whether an undesirable Braking torque acts on the vehicle due to a generator effect of the electric machine, if so: determining a first time at which the next voltage maximum occurs between two phase strands , at the first time: Short circuiting of the two phase strands, determining a second time at which the rotor of the electric machine is further rotated electrically by 90 ° after the first time and at the second time: transferring the final stage in a short circuit mode.
  • control unit for a vehicle is provided, wherein the control unit is designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
  • a vehicle comprising a control unit according to claim 7.
  • Exemplary embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
  • a method further comprising the step of: determining if an undesirable brake torque is acting on the vehicle due to a generator action of the electric machine by measuring whether a current is flowing from the electric machine.
  • determining the current direction can be determined in a simple manner, whether an undesirable braking torque can occur.
  • a method is provided, wherein in short-circuit mode, all the first power switches are open and all second power switches are closed, or wherein all first power switches are closed and all second power switches are open.
  • a method further comprising the step of: detecting the location of the rotor of the electric machine by a position sensor for determining the first time.
  • the rotor position can be reliably determined.
  • a method is provided, wherein the electric machine comprises three phases.
  • the power switches are power MOSFETs or IGBTs.
  • phase strands are simultaneously short-circuited, but initially only two phase strands and subsequently the remaining phase strands, resulting in a staggered short-circuit process.
  • individual features can also be combined with each other, which can also be partially beneficial effects that go beyond the sum of the individual effects.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inverter / an output stage for controlling a permanent-magnet synchronous machine
  • FIG. 2 shows conductor voltage profiles Uuv, Uvw, Uwu of a permanently excited synchronous machine with a simultaneous all-phase short circuit
  • FIG. 3 shows phase current profiles iu, iv, iw of a permanent-magnet synchronous machine with a simultaneous all-phase short circuit
  • FIG. 4 shows conductor voltage profiles Uuv, Uvw, Uwu of a permanently excited synchronous machine in the case of a staggered short circuit
  • FIG. 5 shows phase current curves iu, iv, iw of a permanently excited synchronous machine in the case of a staggered short circuit.
  • circuit breakers 1 shows an inverter for controlling a permanent-magnet synchronous machine 6 with circuit breakers 1 highside and circuit breakers low side 2 for connecting the line lines U, V, W.
  • phase strands U, V, W up to a point in time Ti. From the time Ti, the phase strands U, V, W are short-circuited and the terminal voltages Uuv, Uvw, Uwu are equal to zero.
  • phase currents iu, iv, iw 7, 8, 9 in the individual phases U, V, W, the phase currents iu, iv, iw 7, 8, 9 being zero by the time Ti.
  • the phase strands U, V, W are short-circuited and it results from this time Ti a transient, resulting in transient currents.
  • These transient currents lead to overshoots of the resulting phase currents iu, iv, iw 7, 8, 9.
  • the phase currents iu, iv, iw 7, 8, 9 can be so high in the transition phase that the current carrying capacity of the power switches of the inverter is exceeded. As a result, the circuit breakers can be destroyed or their life can be significantly shortened.
  • FIG. 4 shows, analogously to FIG. 2, the three sinusoidal terminal voltages Uuv, Uvw, Uwu at the phase strands U, V, W up to a point in time T 2 .
  • two phase conductors U, V, W are shorted together, namely those in which the terminal voltage has a voltage maximum.
  • all phase strings are short-circuited and the terminal voltages Uuv, Uvw, Uwu are equal to zero.
  • the time T 3 can be defined in particular as the time at which the rotor of the synchronous machine is exactly further rotated 90 ° to T 2 electrically.
  • T 2 From the time T 2 to the time T 3 is a transition phase, in the present invention, two phase strands U, V, W are shorted together. This results in that a phase current i Us iv, iw 10, 11, 12 remains zero. In particular, it is ensured that the strand currents iu, iv, iw 10, 11, 12 have no elevations.
  • all phase strings are short-circuited, whereby the conventional short-circuit mode is realized.
  • the short-circuiting can be done by driving the corresponding circuit breaker of the power amplifier, with all high-side or all low-side circuit breakers are short-circuited for an all-phase short circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'un étage final polyphasé d'une machine électrique à excitation permanente (6) servant à propulser un véhicule. L'étage final est doté de paires de commutateurs de puissance comprenant chacune un premier commutateur de puissance (1) et un second commutateur de puissance (2) câblés en série. Le premier commutateur de puissance (1) est relié à une tension continue UBAT, le second commutateur de puissance (2) à un potentiel de référence GND de la tension continue UBAT. Le point nodal respectif des premier et second commutateurs de puissance (1, 2) est relié au conducteur de phase U, V, W respectif de la machine électrique à excitation permanente (6). Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : déterminer si un couple freineur indésirable agit sur le véhicule par suite d'un effet générateur de la machine électrique (6); si oui, déterminer un premier temps T2 auquel le maximum de tension suivant se produit entre deux conducteurs de phase U, V, W; au premier temps T2, court-circuiter les deux conducteurs de phase U, V, W; déterminer un deuxième temps T3 auquel le rotor de la machine électrique (6) a tourné d'un angle électrique de 90° après le premier temps T2; et, au deuxième temps T3, mettre l'étage final en mode court-circuit.
PCT/EP2014/062172 2013-07-04 2014-06-12 Procédé permettant d'éviter les couples freineurs dans des machines synchrones à excitation permanente WO2015000669A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013213045.7 2013-07-04
DE102013213045.7A DE102013213045A1 (de) 2013-07-04 2013-07-04 Vermeidung von Bremsmomenten bei permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015000669A1 true WO2015000669A1 (fr) 2015-01-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/062172 WO2015000669A1 (fr) 2013-07-04 2014-06-12 Procédé permettant d'éviter les couples freineurs dans des machines synchrones à excitation permanente

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DE (1) DE102013213045A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015000669A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112787568A (zh) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-11 无锡华宸控制技术有限公司 一种用于电机主动短路控制的方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017212303A1 (de) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Absichern einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102018206336A1 (de) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Absichern einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102021204933A1 (de) 2021-05-17 2022-11-17 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und Steuergerät zur Steuerung eines aktiven Kurzschlusses bei einer permanentmagneterregten Elektromaschine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07184394A (ja) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-21 Mitsuba Electric Mfg Co Ltd ブラシレスモータの制御回路
US5914582A (en) * 1997-01-27 1999-06-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Permanent magnet synchronous motor controller and electric vehicle controller
EP1533892A1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-25 ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co.KG Méthode pour réduire le temps de freinage d'un moteur

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19835576A1 (de) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-18 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ansteuersystem für einen permanenterregten Elektromotor mit wenigstens einem Strang
DE102006018053A1 (de) * 2006-04-19 2007-10-31 Daimlerchrysler Ag Ansteuersystem für eine elektrische Maschine
EP2548757B1 (fr) * 2011-07-18 2014-10-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'entraînement et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système d'entraînement

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07184394A (ja) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-21 Mitsuba Electric Mfg Co Ltd ブラシレスモータの制御回路
US5914582A (en) * 1997-01-27 1999-06-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Permanent magnet synchronous motor controller and electric vehicle controller
EP1533892A1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-25 ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co.KG Méthode pour réduire le temps de freinage d'un moteur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112787568A (zh) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-11 无锡华宸控制技术有限公司 一种用于电机主动短路控制的方法

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