WO2014175004A1 - 電気伝導性材料及びそれを用いた抵抗温度計 - Google Patents
電気伝導性材料及びそれを用いた抵抗温度計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014175004A1 WO2014175004A1 PCT/JP2014/059429 JP2014059429W WO2014175004A1 WO 2014175004 A1 WO2014175004 A1 WO 2014175004A1 JP 2014059429 W JP2014059429 W JP 2014059429W WO 2014175004 A1 WO2014175004 A1 WO 2014175004A1
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- Prior art keywords
- conductive material
- electrically conductive
- rare earth
- earth element
- magnetic field
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical group [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002772 conduction electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3293—Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3298—Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrically conductive material having a pyrochlore structure in which a change in electrical resistance with respect to a change in a magnetic field is reduced and utilizing a temperature change in electrical resistance, and a resistance thermometer using the same.
- the characteristic that the electrical resistance changes greatly in response to changes in the magnetic field is called the magnetoresistance effect.
- a magnetic sensor, a magnetic head, and the like as an element using this effect.
- the following Patent Document 1 describes a material and a manufacturing method showing a large magnetoresistance effect of a pyrochlore structure.
- the following patent document 2 includes a pyrochlore conductive material having both a highly controllable magnetic state and a metal electrical conduction state
- the following patent document 3 Describes a device using a pyrochlore type magnetically controllable substance having conductivity.
- the magnetoresistance effect used in magnetic sensors, magnetic heads, etc. changes the resistance value in response to changes in the magnetic field. For this reason, a resistance thermometer using the temperature change of resistance causes an error in temperature measurement in a magnetic field. Therefore, as a resistance thermometer in a strong magnetic field, an electrically conductive material having zero magnetoresistance effect and a large temperature change is desirable.
- FIG. 5 which is a graph showing the magnetic field change rate of the electric resistance of the ruthenium oxide thermometer, is a resistance thermometer (Toyo Technica Co., Ltd.) that uses an oxide thin film that is currently commercially available as a thermometer in a magnetic field. The results of the examination by the inventors of the magnetic resistance of CX1030BC manufactured by the present inventor are shown.
- the rate of change ⁇ R / R of the resistance with the application of the magnetic field is 13% at 20 T (Tesla) at 1.4 K (Kelvin), 25% at 40 T, 1.3% at 20 T at 4.2 K, and 11 at 40 T. %, 30K was 0.5% at 20T and 1.8% at 40T. It can be seen that the rate of change in resistance is considerably large when compared with the rate of change in resistance associated with the application of the magnetic field of the present invention described later.
- thermometer for temperature measurement that requires higher accuracy, the user himself / herself calibrates and uses a thermometer in a magnetic field, but this requires a great deal of cost and time.
- JP-A-9-92536 JP 2003-54953 A Japanese Patent No. 4193930
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrically conductive material in which a change in electric resistance is reduced with respect to a change in a magnetic field, and a resistance thermometer using the same.
- the electrically conductive material of the present invention has a pyrochlore structure realized in a pyrochlore oxide having rare earth elements and transition metal elements as constituent elements, and utilizes the temperature change of electrical resistance.
- the rare earth element at least one nonmagnetic rare earth element exhibiting a positive magnetoresistance effect and at least one rare earth element exhibiting a negative magnetoresistance effect are used as constituent elements, and the types and composition ratios of the constituent elements are set. Adjust to counteract the positive and negative magnetoresistive effects with each other to reduce the change in electrical resistance with respect to the change in magnetic field.
- Nonmagnetic rare earth elements include yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), or lutetium (Lu), and the rare earth elements exhibiting magnetism include praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and gadolinium. (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), or ytterbium (Yb).
- Transition metal elements are iridium (Ir) or part of iridium (Ir) titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium Substitution was made with one or more of (Rh), rhenium (Re), and osmium (Os).
- a pyrochlore oxide represented by a composition formula: (Y 0.85 Cu 0.10 Bi 0.04 Sm 0.01 ) 2 Ir 2 O 7 can be used. Part of this oxygen (O) is replaced with one or more of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te) You may do it.
- the resistance thermometer of the present invention is configured by configuring a resistor using the above-described electrically conductive material and coupling electrodes to both ends of the resistor.
- the electrically conductive material having the pyrochlore structure of the present invention can combine the positive and negative magnetoresistance effects by adjusting the type and composition ratio of the constituent elements of the pyrochlore oxide. It becomes possible to cancel each other. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an electrically conductive material in which the electric resistance hardly changes due to the magnetic field change and is insensitive to the magnetic field change, but the electric resistance changes with respect to the temperature change.
- Is a graph illustrating exemplary an embodiment (Y 0.85 Cu 0.10 Bi 0.04 Sm 0.01) magnetic field change rate of the electrical resistivity of 2 Ir 2 O 7 of the present invention. It is a graph showing the temperature error caused by magnetic field application in the case of the (Y 0.85 Cu 0.10 Bi 0.04 Sm 0.01) 2 Ir 2 O 7 was used as a resistance thermometer. It is a figure explaining the sample used for the characteristic measurement. It is a graph showing the magnetic field rate of change of the electric resistivity of Comparative Example Y 2 Ir 2 O 7. It is a graph which shows the magnetic field change rate of the electrical resistance of the resistance thermometer currently marketed.
- a pyrochlore oxide is a transition metal oxide composed of at least two metal elements A and B.
- the basic general formula is A 2 B 2 O where A is a rare earth element and B is a transition metal element. It is represented by 7 .
- the electrically conductive material having a pyrochlore structure of the present invention includes at least one nonmagnetic rare earth element (yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), lutetium (Lu)) and at least one kind as the metal element A.
- Rare earth elements praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and ytterbium (Yb) are used.
- iridium (Ir) can be used as the transition metal element.
- a part of iridium (Ir) is titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), You may substitute by 1 type or multiple types in osmium (Os).
- oxygen (O) is an essential element in pyrochlore oxide, but part of oxygen (O) is part of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), sulfur (S), selenium (Se). , One or more of tellurium (Te) may be substituted.
- Non-Patent Document 2 The electrical resistance of materials made of non-magnetic rare earth elements shows a very small positive magnetoresistance effect, in which the resistance value slightly increases when a magnetic field is applied.
- a material made of a rare earth element exhibiting magnetism exhibits a somewhat large negative magnetoresistance effect in which the resistance value decreases when a magnetic field is applied.
- the electrically conductive material of the present invention combines positive and negative magnetoresistive effects by adjusting the kind and composition ratio of non-magnetic rare earth elements and constituent elements including rare earth elements exhibiting magnetism. Thus, these effects can be canceled out from each other, thereby making it possible to provide an electrically conductive material whose electrical resistance is insensitive to changes in the magnetic field while changing with temperature.
- an element (ion) exhibits magnetism when there is an unpaired electron and becomes non-magnetic when it has a closed shell structure. Also in this specification, the non-magnetic and magnetic properties of rare earth elements are used in this general sense.
- 5d electrons supplied by a transition metal element play a major role in terms of electrical conductivity and exhibit semiconductor temperature dependence. Basically, 5d electrons become conduction electrons, which are responsible for electrical conductivity, so it can be inferred that the 5d electrons have a pyrochlore structure.
- the material of the present invention exhibits a magnetic transition due to 5d electrons of a transition metal element (for example, Ir), and the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity slightly increases with the magnetic transition.
- the phase transition temperature of this magnetic transition can be controlled by substitution of constituent elements.
- electrical conductivity can be controlled by substitution of constituent elements (see Non-Patent Document 3). It is easily inferred from the electron coordination that the electrical conductivity changes due to the element substitution.
- a pair of electrodes (for example, a silver paste connected to a gold wire as shown in FIG. 3) is bonded to both ends thereof.
- a resistance thermometer can be created.
- the resistor can be configured in an arbitrary shape such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, or a thin film shape as long as an electrode can be coupled to both sides.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sample used for characteristic measurement in the following examples.
- the sample is a resistor made of a bulk sintered body, the length is about 3 mm, the cross-sectional area of the sample is 0.71 mm 2 , and the distance between the voltage measurement terminals is 1 mm. Yes.
- FIG. 1 shows the magnetic field change rate of the electrical resistivity of (Y 0.85 Cu 0.10 Bi 0.04 Sm 0.01 ) 2 Ir 2 O 7 which is an embodiment of the present invention.
- Comparative example basic structure composition formula to be described later: Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 yttrium (Y) at 10% for copper (Cu), 4% for bismuth (Bi), and 1% for samarium (Sm) The replacement sample was synthesized.
- yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), copper oxide (Cu 2 O), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), samarium oxide (Sm 2 O 3 ) and iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) in a molar ratio of Y + Cu + Bi + Sm:
- the product was confirmed to be a pyrochlore structure compound by powder X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the electrical resistivity of this sample was about 12.1 m ⁇ cm around room temperature, showed a minimum around 135K, and the temperature dependence below 120K was semiconducting.
- the electrical resistivity at 100K was about 12.5 m ⁇ cm, and the electrical resistivity at 4.2K was about 800 m ⁇ cm.
- the dimensionless sensitivity (T / R) (dR / dT) as a thermometer was 0.4 at 1.4K and 1.25 at 4.2K.
- the rate of change of electrical resistivity ⁇ / ⁇ 0 with magnetic field application is 0.5% at 20T at 1.4K, 1.6% at 40T, 0.2% at 20T at 25K, and 0.2% at 40T. there were.
- FIG. 2 shows a temperature error due to application of a magnetic field when (Y 0.85 Cu 0.10 Bi 0.04 Sm 0.01 ) 2 Ir 2 O 7 is used as a resistance thermometer.
- the temperature error due to the change in the magnetic field was 1.3% at 20T and 4.0% at 40T at 1.4K. Further, at 4.2K, it was 1.0% at 20T and 2.1% at 40T. Further, at a high temperature of 25K or more, the temperature error due to the change of the magnetic field was within 0.3% at 40T.
- FIG. 4 shows the magnetic field change rate of the electrical resistivity of the comparative example (basic structure composition formula) Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 .
- Ir 1: 1.
- the product was confirmed to be a pyrochlore structure compound by powder X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the electrical resistivity of this sample was about 400 m ⁇ cm around room temperature, and the temperature dependence was semiconducting.
- the magnetic phase transition was 165K.
- the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity showed a slight increase with the magnetic transition.
- the change rate ⁇ / ⁇ 0 of the electrical resistivity with application of the magnetic field at 150 K was 0.2% at 20T and 1% at 50T.
- the dimensionless sensitivity (T / R) (dR / dT) as a thermometer was about 5, and the temperature error due to the magnetic field change was 0.04% at 20T and 0.2% at 50T.
- Comparative Example Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 exhibits a positive magnetoresistance as shown in FIG. 4, whereas in the example, it is negative by slightly replacing with rare earth element samarium (Sm) that exhibits magnetism. Magnetic resistance is shown. In the embodiment, at 25K, these magnetoresistance effects cancel each other, and a magnetoresistance almost independent of the magnetic field is realized. Further, it is shown that by replacing with bismuth (Bi) and copper (Cu), the electrical conductivity is improved and the electrical conductivity can be controlled.
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Abstract
本発明の電気伝導性材料は、希土類元素と遷移金属元素を構成元素とするパイロクロア酸化物において実現されるパイロクロア構造を有して、電気抵抗の温度変化を利用する。この希土類元素として、正の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの非磁性の希土類元素と負の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの磁性を示す希土類元素を構成元素として用い、構成元素の種類と組成比を調整して、正および負の磁気抵抗効果を互いに打ち消すことにより、磁場の変化に対する電気抵抗の変化を低減させる。
Description
本発明は、磁場の変化に対する電気抵抗の変化を低減させたパイロクロア構造を有して、電気抵抗の温度変化を利用する電気伝導性材料、及びそれを用いた抵抗温度計に関する。
磁場の変化に感応して、その電気抵抗が大きく変化する特性を磁気抵抗効果という。この効果を利用した素子として磁気センサや磁気ヘッド等がある。たとえば、下記特許文献1には、パイロクロア構造の大きな磁気抵抗効果を示す材料および製造方法が記載されている。また、磁場により磁気状態が変化することを利用したパイロクロア構造の物質としては、下記特許文献2に、制御性の高い磁気状態と金属電気伝導状態を合わせ持つパイロクロア導電性物質、および下記特許文献3には、導電性を有するパイロクロア型磁気制御性物質を用いた素子が記載されている。
磁気センサや磁気ヘッド等で利用される磁気抵抗効果は、磁場の変化に感応して抵抗の値を変化させることになる。そのため、抵抗の温度変化を利用した抵抗温度計においては、磁場中では温度計測の誤差を生む事になる。したがって、強磁場中での抵抗温度計としては、磁気抵抗効果がゼロであり、かつ温度変化の大きな電気伝導性材料が望ましい。
現在は酸化物の薄膜を利用した抵抗温度計(酸化ルテニウム温度計、セルノックス温度計)が小さな磁気抵抗効果を示すことを利用し、少ない誤差での温度計測が行われている(非特許文献1参照)。しかし、酸化物の薄膜を利用した現在の抵抗温度計については、磁場印加に伴う抵抗の変化率はより低減させることが望まれる。酸化ルテニウム温度計の電気抵抗の磁場変化率を示すグラフである図5は、現在、磁場中での温度計として市販され主に利用されている酸化物薄膜を用いる抵抗温度計(株式会社東陽テクニカ製のCX1030BC)の磁気抵抗を、本発明者らが調べた結果を示している。結果から、磁場印加に伴う抵抗の変化率ΔR/Rは、1.4K(ケルビン)では20T(テスラ)で13%、40Tで25%、4.2Kでは20Tで1.3%、40Tで11%、30Kでは20Tで0.5%、40Tで1.8%であった。後述する本発明の磁場印加に伴う抵抗の変化率と対比すれば、抵抗の変化率は相当に大きい事が判る。
また、より高い精度を要する温度計測には、磁場中においてユーザー自らが温度計較正を行い利用しているが、多大な経費と時間を要することになる。
株式会社東陽テクニカ、「温度センサー/セルノックス抵抗CXシリーズ」カタログ、 HYPERLINK "http://www.toyo.co.jp/lakeshore/sensor/cernox/" http://www.toyo.co.jp/lakeshore/sensor/cernox/
K. Matsuhira, M. Tokunaga, M. Wakeshima, Y. Hinaysu, S. Takagi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 023706.
K. Matsuhira, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol.76, 043706 (2007), K. Matsuhira, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol.80, 094701 (2011)
近年の技術の進展により極低温および強磁場の環境下での精密な温度計測を行う必要性が高まると考えられる。そこで従来の抵抗温度計よりも小さな磁気抵抗効果を持つ電気伝導性材料の開発が望まれている。
本発明の目的は、磁場の変化に対して電気抵抗の変化を低減させた電気伝導性材料、及びそれを用いた抵抗温度計を提供することにある。
本発明の電気伝導性材料は、希土類元素と遷移金属元素を構成元素とするパイロクロア酸化物において実現されるパイロクロア構造を有して、電気抵抗の温度変化を利用する。この希土類元素として、正の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの非磁性の希土類元素と負の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの磁性を示す希土類元素を構成元素として用い、構成元素の種類と組成比を調整して、正および負の磁気抵抗効果を互いに打ち消すことにより、磁場の変化に対する電気抵抗の変化を低減させる。
非磁性の希土類元素は、イットリウム(Y) 、ユーロピウム(Eu)、又はルテチウム(Lu)を含み、かつ、磁性を示す希土類元素は、プラセオジム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ディスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、又はイッテルビウム(Yb)を含む。遷移金属元素は、イリジウム(Ir)、或いはイリジウム(Ir)の一部をチタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、錫(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、レニウム(Re)、及びオスミウム(Os)の中の1種または複数種で置換した。
組成式:(Y0.85Cu0.10Bi0.04Sm0.01)2Ir2O7で表されるパイロクロア酸化物を用いることができる。この酸素(O)の一部を、フッ素(F)、塩素(Cl)、臭素(Br)、硫黄(S)、セレン(Se)、及びテルル(Te)の中の1種または複数種で置換しても良い。
さらに、本発明の抵抗温度計は、上記の電気伝導性材料を用いて抵抗体を構成し、かつ、該抵抗体の両端側にそれぞれ電極を結合して構成する。
本発明のパイロクロア構造を有する電気伝導性材料は、パイロクロア酸化物の構成元素の種類と組成比を調整する事により、正および負の磁気抵抗効果を組み合わせる事が可能となり、これによって、これらの効果をお互いに打ち消すことが可能になる。これにより磁場変化により電気抵抗がほとんど変化しない、磁場の変化に鈍感であるが、温度変化に対しては電気抵抗が変化する電気伝導性材料を提供することが可能となる。
次に本発明の実施の形態について説明する。パイロクロア構造はパイロクロア酸化物において実現される。一般に、パイロクロア酸化物とは、少なくとも2種の金属元素A,Bからなる遷移金属酸化物であり、基本的な一般式は、Aを希土類元素、Bを遷移金属元素とするとA2B2O7で表される。
本発明のパイロクロア構造を有する電気伝導性材料は、上記の金属元素Aとして、少なくとも1種の非磁性の希土類元素(イットリウム(Y) 、ユーロピウム(Eu)、ルテチウム(Lu))と、少なくとも1種の磁性を示す希土類元素(プラセオジム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ディスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb))の両方の元素を用いる。
遷移金属元素として、例えば、イリジウム(Ir)を用いることができる。また、イリジウム(Ir)の一部をチタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、錫(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、レニウム(Re)、オスミウム(Os)の中の1種または複数種で置換しても良い。
さらに、パイロクロア酸化物に酸素(O)は必須元素であるが、酸素(O)の一部を、フッ素(F)、塩素(Cl)、臭素(Br)、硫黄(S)、セレン(Se)、テルル(Te)の中の1種または複数種で置換しても良い。
非磁性の希土類元素からなる材料の電気抵抗は磁場を印加すると抵抗値が僅かに増加する、非常に小さな正の磁気抵抗効果を示す。一方、磁性を示す希土類元素からなる材料は磁場を印加すると抵抗値が減少する、やや大きな負の磁気抵抗効果を示す。(非特許文献2参照)
本発明の電気伝導性材料は、非磁性の希土類元素と、磁性を示す希土類元素を含む構成元素の種類と組成比を調整する事により、正および負の磁気抵抗効果を組み合わせる。これによって、これらの効果をお互いに打ち消すことができ、これにより、電気抵抗が、磁場の変化に鈍感である一方、温度変化に対して変化する電気伝導性材料を提供することが可能となる。なお、一般的に、元素(イオン)は不対電子があると磁性を示し,閉殻構造を持つ場合は非磁性になることが知られている。本明細書においても、希土類元素の非磁性と磁性は、このような一般的な意味で用いている。
本発明による材料は、遷移金属元素(例えばIr)が供給する5d電子が電気伝導性について主要な役割を担い、半導体的な温度依存性を示す。基本的には5d電子が伝導電子となり、電気伝導性を担っているので、パイロクロア構造を持つ、5d電子の特徴と推測できる。
また、本発明の材料は遷移金属元素(例えばIr)の5d電子による磁気転移を示し、磁気転移に伴い電気抵抗率の温度依存性は僅かに大きくなる。この磁気転移は構成元素の置換により、その相転移温度は制御可能である。また、電気伝導性も構成元素の置換により制御することが可能である(非特許文献3参照)。元素置換により電気伝導性などが変化することは、電子配位から容易に推測される。
組成式: (Y0.85Cu0.10Bi0.04Sm0.01)2Ir2O7の代表例で示される本発明のパイロクロア構造の磁場変化に感応しない電気伝導性材料は、原料粉末を混合した後に、真空封管中にて焼成を行い、これを複数回繰り返すことで、いわゆるセラミックスとして合成する事ができる。原料の組み合わせによっては、フラックス法が有効な場合もある。
また、このようにして作成した電気伝導性材料のバルク状の抵抗体を用いて、その両端側に一対の電極(例えば、図3に示すように金線に接続した銀ペースト)を結合することにより、抵抗温度計を作成できる。抵抗体は、両側に電極を結合できる形状であれば、棒状、板状、シート状、薄膜状など任意の形状に構成できる。
以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明がこれらによって何ら限定されるものではない。図3は、以下の実施例において、特性測定のために使用した試料を説明する図である。試料には、バルク状焼結体からなる抵抗体を用い、その長さは、およそ3mm程度、試料の断面積0.71mm2 、電圧測定端子間距離1 mmで、四端子法にて測定している。
図1は、本発明の実施形態である(Y0.85Cu0.10Bi0.04Sm0.01)2Ir2O7の電気抵抗率の磁場変化率を示している。後述する比較例(基本構造組成式):Y2Ir2O7のイットリウム(Y)を、銅(Cu)で10%、ビスマス(Bi)で4%、およびサマリウム(Sm)で1%にて置き換えた試料の合成を行った。原料として、酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)、酸化銅(Cu2O)、酸化ビスマス(Bi2O3)、酸化サマリウム(Sm2O3)と酸化イリジウム(IrO2)をモル比でY+Cu+Bi+Sm:Ir=1:1.1となるように秤量した後混合し、ペレット状にして成形し、大気中で950℃から1100℃まで10時間、その後、石英管に真空封し、1150℃で12時間焼成した。生成物は粉末X線回折測定からパイロクロア構造化合物であることを確認した。
この試料の電気抵抗率は室温付近で12.1 mΩcm程度であり、135K付近で極小を示し、120K以下の温度依存性は半導体的であった。100Kでの電気抵抗率は12.5 mΩcm程度、4.2Kでの電気抵抗率は800 mΩcm程度であった。温度計としての無次元感度(T/R)(dR/dT)は1.4Kで0.4、4.2Kで1.25であった。磁場印加に伴う電気抵抗率の変化率Δρ/ρ0は、1.4Kでは20Tで0.5%、40Tで1.6%、25Kでは20Tで0.2%、40Tで0.2%であった。
この結果を、図5を参照して上述した抵抗温度計(CX1030BC)の測定結果と対比すると、本発明の材料の抵抗変化が大幅に小さい事が判る。
図2は、(Y0.85Cu0.10Bi0.04Sm0.01)2Ir2O7を抵抗温度計として用いた場合における磁場印加による温度誤差を示している。磁場変化による温度誤差は1.4Kでは、20Tで1.3%、40Tで4.0%であった。また、4.2Kでは、20Tで1.0%、40Tで2.1%であった。また、25K以上の高温では磁場変化による温度誤差は40Tで0.3%以内であった。
図4は、比較例(基本構造組成式)Y2Ir2O7の電気抵抗率の磁場変化率を示している。Y2Ir2O7を製造するための原料として、酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)と酸化イリジウム(IrO2)をモル比でY:Ir=1:1.1となるように秤量した後混合し、ペレット状にして成形し、石英管に真空封し、1250℃で12時間焼成した。生成物は粉末X線回折測定からパイロクロア構造化合物であることを確認した。
この試料の電気抵抗率は室温付近で400 mΩcm程度であり、温度依存性は半導体的であった。磁気相転移は165Kであった。磁気転移にともない電気抵抗率の温度依存性がやや大きくなる変化を示した。150Kにおける磁場印加に伴う電気抵抗率の変化率Δρ/ρ0は、図4に示すように、20Tで0.2%、50Tで1%であった。温度計としての無次元感度(T/R)(dR/dT)は5程度であり、磁場変化による温度誤差は20Tで0.04%、50Tで0.2%であった。
比較例Y2Ir2O7は、図4に示したように正の磁気抵抗を示すのに対して、実施例では、磁性を示す希土類元素サマリウム(Sm)で僅かに置換することにより負の磁気抵抗を示している。実施例では、25Kで、それらの磁気抵抗効果が打ち消し合い、ほぼ磁場によらない磁気抵抗が実現している。また、ビスマス(Bi)および銅(Cu)で置換することにより、電気伝導性が良くなり、電気伝導性の制御も可能である事を示している。
以上、本開示にて幾つかの実施の形態のみを単に一例として詳細に説明したが、本発明の新規な教示及び有利な効果から実質的に逸脱せずに、その実施の形態には多くの改変例が可能である。
Claims (6)
- 希土類元素と遷移金属元素を構成元素とするパイロクロア酸化物において実現されるパイロクロア構造を有して、電気抵抗の温度変化を利用する電気伝導性材料において、
前記希土類元素として、正の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの非磁性の希土類元素と負の磁気抵抗効果を示す少なくとも1つの磁性を示す希土類元素を構成元素として用い、構成元素の種類と組成比を調整して、正および負の磁気抵抗効果を互いに打ち消すことにより、磁場の変化に対する電気抵抗の変化を低減させた電気伝導性材料。 - 前記非磁性の希土類元素は、イットリウム(Y) 、ユーロピウム(Eu)、又はルテチウム(Lu)を含み、かつ、前記磁性を示す希土類元素は、プラセオジム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ディスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、又はイッテルビウム(Yb)を含む請求項1に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記遷移金属元素は、イリジウム(Ir)、或いはイリジウム(Ir)の一部をチタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、錫(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、レニウム(Re)、及びオスミウム(Os)の中の1種または複数種で置換した請求項1又は2に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記パイロクロア酸化物の組成式が、(Y0.85Cu0.10Bi0.04Sm0.01)2Ir2O7で表される請求項1に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記酸素(O)の一部を、フッ素(F)、塩素(Cl)、臭素(Br)、硫黄(S)、セレン(Se)、及びテルル(Te)の中の1種または複数種で置換した請求項4に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電気伝導性材料を用いて抵抗体を構成し、かつ、該抵抗体の両端側にそれぞれ電極を結合して構成した抵抗温度計。
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