WO2014173232A1 - 排水泵用无刷电动机及排水泵 - Google Patents

排水泵用无刷电动机及排水泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014173232A1
WO2014173232A1 PCT/CN2014/075096 CN2014075096W WO2014173232A1 WO 2014173232 A1 WO2014173232 A1 WO 2014173232A1 CN 2014075096 W CN2014075096 W CN 2014075096W WO 2014173232 A1 WO2014173232 A1 WO 2014173232A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
brushless motor
drain pump
motor
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/075096
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王胜
赵殿合
邵韦
朋兴谱
Original Assignee
常州雷利电机科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 常州雷利电机科技有限公司 filed Critical 常州雷利电机科技有限公司
Priority to PL14788768T priority Critical patent/PL2991206T3/pl
Priority to EP14788768.1A priority patent/EP2991206B1/en
Priority to SI201431564T priority patent/SI2991206T1/sl
Publication of WO2014173232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014173232A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/064—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/24—Vanes
    • F04D29/242—Geometry, shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of drainage pump technology, and more particularly to a brushless motor for a drain pump and a drain pump including the brushless motor. Background technique
  • the electric motor of a drain pump for circulating water or drainage of household appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines is usually an induction motor or a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • Induction motors have gradually withdrawn from the field of household drainage pumps for dishwashers, washing machines, etc. due to their low efficiency, complex structure, large size and high cost.
  • the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor itself cannot achieve directional rotation. It is necessary to add a non-return mechanism to the rotor structure to prevent the motor from rotating in the reverse direction.
  • the motor structure of the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is complicated and the starting noise is large.
  • the impeller used in the existing drainage pump of household appliances is generally composed of a plurality of blades mounted on the sleeve, and the blades are straight blades, and the water is subjected to centrifugal force and tangential shear force during drainage. Under the action, the drainage purpose is achieved.
  • the disadvantage is that the drainage pump has a small water flow rate, large internal consumption, and partial shear force in the axial direction of the water flow, which will squeeze the end cover and the motor shaft, causing the end cover to deform, and the rotor assembly is offset and cannot work normally. , creating noise.
  • the water will generate eddy current under the action of the axial shear force.
  • the sewage to be discharged may contain more or Less fiber, cotton yarn and other debris, these debris follow the vortex of the water, reach the bearing, and entangled on the shaft of the water pump. After a long time of operation, the entangled debris gradually increases, causing the pump shaft to generate resistance and cannot drain normally. In severe cases, the pump will be blocked and burned out.
  • a brushless motor for a drain pump comprising: a motor case; a motor shaft; a rotor assembly mounted on the motor shaft and accompanying the motor shaft Rotating and synchronously rotating, including a rotor core and a rotor pole embedded on the rotor core; a stator assembly including a stator core and a three-phase stator winding wound in the stator core slot And a control board including a three-phase inverter circuit, and including a circuit control unit that controls a three-phase stator winding of the three-phase inverter circuit to the stator assembly using a space vector pulse width modulation technique The output three-phase voltage, wherein the control board is housed in the motor housing.
  • the control board further includes a circuit control unit that controls the three-phase voltage output by the three-phase inverter circuit to the stator windings on the stator assembly using a space vector pulse width modulation technique.
  • the stator assembly employs a fractional slot structure.
  • the individual rotor poles in the rotor assembly occupy an electrical angle in the range of the corresponding pole pitch ranging from 90° to 120°.
  • the control board further includes a detecting part and an analog to digital converting part, the detecting part is configured to detect a three-phase voltage and a three-phase current output by the three-phase inverter circuit to the three-phase stator windings on the stator component and Outputting a three-phase voltage detection signal and a three-phase current detection signal; the analog-to-digital conversion component is configured to detect a three-phase voltage detection signal and a three-phase current conversion detection signal of the detection component as a digital voltage signal and a digital current signal, and The converted digital voltage signal and digital current signal are supplied to the circuit control unit.
  • the circuit control unit estimates the position of the rotor pole of the rotor assembly using a digital voltage signal and a digital current signal received from the analog to digital conversion unit.
  • the circuit control component generates the power switching device for controlling the three-phase inverter circuit by using the estimated position of the rotor magnetic pole, and the digital voltage signal and the digital current signal, using a space vector pulse width modulation technique Pulse signal.
  • control board further includes a differential amplifying part, the differential amplifying part receiving the three-phase voltage detecting signal and the three-phase current detecting signal from the detecting part, and amplifying the three-phase voltage detecting signal and the three-phase current detecting signal And outputting the amplified three-phase voltage detection signal and the three-phase current detection signal to the analog-to-digital conversion unit.
  • the circuit control component is one or more microprocessors or digital signal processors.
  • the control board further includes a three-phase output end and a ground end, wherein the three-phase output ends are respectively connected to the three-phase output ends of the three-phase inverter circuit and respectively connected to the three-phase stator windings, the grounding The end is connected to a center point of the three-phase inverter circuit and is connected to a center point of the three-phase stator winding.
  • the three-phase inverter circuit and the detecting component are arranged together, and the circuit control part, the differential amplifying part, and the analog-to-digital conversion part and the three-phase The inverter circuit and the detecting member are arranged apart.
  • the control panel is secured to the stator assembly by a mechanical fit.
  • the brushless motor is used in a drain pump in a dishwasher or washing machine.
  • the motor casing is not completely enclosed such that a portion of the stator assembly is exposed.
  • a drain pump comprising the same as in the foregoing The brushless motor and the portion of the water pump driven by the brushless motor.
  • the water pump portion includes a water pump casing and an impeller, and the motor casing has a fixing structure for fixing to the water pump casing on a side where the motor shaft extends, and the impeller is fixedly coupled to the motor shaft so as to be The brushless motor is driven to rotate with the motor shaft.
  • the brushless motor according to the present invention enables directional rotation without the use of a non-return mechanism, thereby also making the drain pump of the present invention more efficient and compact.
  • a drain pump comprising an impeller and a brushless motor for driving an impeller, the impeller including a wheel and a plurality of blades disposed on the wheel, the blades Extending from the surface of the wheel in the direction of the axis of the wheel away from the surface of the wheel, and having a first end adjacent the axis of the impeller and a second end remote from the axis of the impeller and opposite the first end; wherein the blade is smooth in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller a curved cross-sectional shape including at least a first arcuate section adjacent the first end and a second arcuate section adjacent the second end, the first arcuate section having a first radius of curvature and the second arc
  • the shaped section has a second radius of curvature that is different from the first radius of curvature.
  • the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature.
  • the first end is the inlet end of the blade and the second end is the outlet end of the blade.
  • the center of curvature of the first arcuate section and the second arcuate section is on the same side of the blade.
  • the blade further comprises a linear or curved third section between the first arcuate section and the second arcuate section.
  • the third section is a third arcuate section having a third radius of curvature that is greater than the first and second radii of curvature.
  • the third section is a third arcuate section having a third radius of curvature between the first and second radii of curvature.
  • the angle between the tangent of the first curved section at the first end and the radial direction of the position is the inlet angle ⁇ of the blade, the inlet angle ⁇ of the blade being 0-25°;
  • the angle between the tangent at the second end and the radial direction at the position is the exit angle ⁇ of the blade, and the exit angle ⁇ of the blade is 70-90.
  • the center of the wheel has an impeller bore for connection to the motor shaft, and at least one pressure relief hole is provided in the annular region between the impeller bore and the first end of the blade.
  • the wheel and the blade are integrally formed as a single piece.
  • the drain pump further comprises a brushless motor as described in the first aspect.
  • an impeller for a drain pump comprising the impeller structure as defined in the third aspect above.
  • the blades are used with the most reasonable bending pattern, and the blade inlet angle and the blade exit angle are used to reduce the flow loss and improve the working efficiency.
  • the wheel design the impact of the water flow on the end cover and the damage caused by the water flow are prevented, and at the same time, the axial force generated by the water flow is small, and the The impact of the water flow on the motor shaft and the rotor prevents the rotor from deviating from the axis, generating noise, ensuring its normal operation in the axial direction and prolonging its working life.
  • the design of the wheel also prevents the debris in the water from following the vortex of the water, reaching the bearing, and winding on the shaft of the water pump.
  • the drain pump impeller and the drain pump provided by the invention have simple structure, long service life and are suitable for mass production.
  • an electric motor for a drain pump comprising: a casing, a motor shaft, a rotor assembly, and a stator assembly, the motor shaft being coupled to the impeller of the drain pump at one end of the motor, Driving the impeller, wherein the side wall of the outer casing is provided with a terminal port for accommodating the terminal and a terminal protection structure, and the terminal protection structure comprises a protection plate disposed above the terminal opening, the protection plate is extended from the outer surface of the outer casing and protrudes toward the terminal One side of the mouth extends obliquely downward.
  • the protective plate extends in the insertion direction in the insertion direction of the terminal insertion terminal opening.
  • the protective plate extends obliquely downward in the direction of the motor axis toward the other end of the outer casing opposite the one end.
  • the angle of inclination is less than 30°.
  • the terminal protection structure further includes a gusset extending downwardly from or near the lower edge of the protective panel such that the protective panel and the gusset form an inverted L-shaped structure that at least partially surrounds the terminal opening.
  • the terminal protection structure further includes a wall portion that projects upward from the outermost edge of the protective plate.
  • the terminal protection structure further includes a wall portion projecting upward from the highest edge and the outermost edge of the protection plate such that the protection plate, the wall portion and the outer casing form a drainage groove.
  • the motor is a brushless motor.
  • the protective plate extends across the entire width of the terminal opening or extends beyond the sides of the terminal opening.
  • a drain pump comprising the aforementioned electric motor and an impeller driven by the electric motor.
  • the structure design of the motor provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, has low production cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the external structure of a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view showing the structure of a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a fractional groove structure of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Schematic diagram of a hidden rotor magnetic pole structure of a brushless motor for a drain pump of the embodiment schematic view of the structure;
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing a three-phase sinusoidal winding layout of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an inverter circuit for controlling a brushless motor for a drain pump by using a space vector pulse width modulation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a control block diagram of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. a schematic diagram of a flow waveform;
  • Figure 12 illustrates a perspective view of an impeller for a drain pump in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 illustrates a front view of an impeller for a drain pump in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged partial front elevational view of an impeller for a drain pump in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 15 illustrates a perspective view of a terminal protection structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “inward”, “outward”, “inner”, “outer”, “inside”, “outside” in this context refer to the range relative to the center of the component, for example, with the motor axis as a reference.
  • the inner and inner fingers refer to a position or orientation that is closer to or directed toward the axis of the motor, the outer and outer fingers being oriented further away from the axis of the motor, and for each position on the axis of the motor, outward or outward refers to being further away from the center of the motor.
  • the terms “horizontal”, “vertical”, “overhanging” and the like do not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, “horizontal” simply means that its direction is more horizontal than “vertical”. It does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather tilted slightly.
  • a schematic diagram of the external structure of the drain pump and an exploded view of the structure of the drain pump according to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.
  • a drain pump may include a water pump portion 1 and a motor portion 2.
  • the water pump portion 1 may include a water pump casing 11 and an impeller 13. Further, the water pump portion 1 may further include a seal ring 12 provided between the water pump portion 1 and the motor portion 2 for ensuring watertightness of the joint between the water pump portion and the motor portion.
  • the water pump housing 11 is a generally cylindrical member defining a pump chamber having a first end open for connection to the motor portion and a water inlet at the opposite second end.
  • a water outlet is disposed on a side wall of the water pump casing 11, and the water outlet is in communication with the pump chamber.
  • the impeller 13 is disposed in the pump chamber of the water pump housing 11.
  • the motor shaft 221 of the motor portion 2 extends into the pump chamber, and the impeller is fixedly coupled to the motor shaft 221 so as to be rotatable with the motor shaft 221 under motor drive.
  • the motor portion 2 includes a brushless motor 22.
  • the brushless motor 22 includes a motor shaft 221, a rotor assembly 222, a stator assembly 223, and a control board 224.
  • the brushless motor 22 includes a motor case including a main casing 21 and an insulating cover 23.
  • the control board 224 is housed in the motor casing, and specifically, the control board 224 is housed in the insulating cover 23 in this embodiment.
  • the control panel 224 is secured to the stator assembly 223 of the brushless motor 22 by any suitable mechanical fit.
  • Control panel 224 can also be attached to other stationary components such as motor housings.
  • the control board 224 is provided with circuitry for powering the three-phase stator windings on the stator assembly 223 of the brushless motor 22. Further, in consideration of the working environment of the drain pump according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to also apply an insulating varnish or an insulating paste for circuit insulation protection on the control board.
  • the main housing 21 of the motor portion 2 is coupled to the insulating cover 23 by mechanical fasteners (e.g., threaded fasteners or snap-on structures, etc.) to enclose the brushless motor 22.
  • Another seal ring is preferably disposed between the main casing 21 and the insulating cover 23 to maintain a seal between the joints therebetween.
  • the motor housing may not be completely enclosed, but only partially enclose the components of the motor. As shown in the preferred embodiment of Fig. 3, there is a certain gap between the main casing 21 of the motor casing and the insulating cover 23, so that the stator assembly 223 of the motor is partially exposed, thereby achieving a better heat dissipation effect.
  • a power supply terminal 2241 is further disposed on the control board 224, and the power supply terminal is connected to an external power source (not shown) to supply power to the control board 224 and the brushless motor 22.
  • the electric motor of a drainage pump for household appliances such as dishwashers, washing machines, etc. is usually an induction motor or a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the characteristics of an induction motor or a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor cannot satisfy the increasingly Increased performance requirements.
  • the brushless motor has not been used, and the inverter circuit is used to control the direction in which the current is applied to the brushless motor, so that the directional rotation of the brushless motor can be realized. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the check mechanism in this case.
  • the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2 are used for the same components.
  • the brushless motor 22 can include the motor shaft 221, the rotor assembly 222, the stator assembly 223, and the control board 224.
  • the rotor assembly 222 includes a rotor core and a rotor pole embedded on the rotor core, the rotor magnet is preferably a permanent magnet, and the stator assembly 223 includes a stator core and a stator core slot Three-phase stator windings.
  • the brushless motor 22 is preferably a fractional-slot motor, which is preferably a 3-phase sinusoidal winding, and the rotor assembly may employ a hidden pole pole structure or a salient pole pole structure. structure.
  • reference numeral 223 denotes a stator assembly
  • reference numeral 2221 denotes a rotor core in the rotor assembly
  • Reference numeral 2222 denotes a permanent magnet in the rotor assembly.
  • the integer slot structure specifically refers to the stator slot structure of each stage in the stator assembly of the brushless motor having a slot number equal to one
  • the fractional slot structure specifically refers to the number of slots per phase in the stator assembly of the brushless motor.
  • the fractional groove structure can reduce the number of grooves, which facilitates the fabrication of the stator core and can reduce the torque ripple caused by the cogging effect.
  • both the integer slot structure and the fractional slot structure must have symmetric stator windings, i.e., the phase difference between the three phase windings is 120. , to obtain symmetrical electromotive force and magnetomotive force.
  • a brushless motor with a magnetic pole pair p of 3 and a phase m of 3 is used.
  • the following three conditions must be met:
  • the number of slots Z is an integer multiple of the number of phases m;
  • q is 0.5
  • the number of stator slots Z of the fractional groove structure is 9.
  • six rotor poles are shown, that is, the number of pole pairs p is three, and in the case of three-phase windings, the number of stator slots is 9, that is, the stator uses each pole per phase.
  • the hidden pole rotor pole structure is a surface rotor pole structure, and the permanent magnet is fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotor core, and the magnetic resistance of the hidden pole structure in the cross-axis direction and the magnetoresistance in the direct-axis direction are equal, that is, the synchronous reactance of the cross-axis direction and The direct-axis direction synchronous reactance is equal, and the leakage magnetic coefficient of the hidden pole structure is relatively small, and the air gap magnetic flux that can be generated is larger, and the hidden pole structure can generate a relatively large load torque, which is suitable for comparing load power requirements. Big occasion. Schematic diagram of the rotor pole structure.
  • the salient pole rotor pole structure is a built-in rotor pole structure, and the permanent magnet is fixedly mounted inside the rotor core, and the magnetoresistance of the salient pole structure is smaller than the magnetoresistance of the direct axis direction, that is, the synchronous reactance of the cross-axis direction is greater than straight
  • the axial direction synchronous reactance, and the electromagnetic torque of the salient pole structure includes a reluctance torque portion in addition to the basic torque portion, so the salient pole structure can generate a relatively large starting torque, which is suitable for the starting performance.
  • the salient pole structure has a relatively large magnetic flux leakage coefficient, and the air gap magnetic flux is relatively small, which can be easily passed through the weak Magnetic speed regulation is suitable for occasions where motor speed is required.
  • a housing 2223 made of plastic or epoxy resin is also provided on the rotor assembly.
  • the waveform of the air gap magnetic field generated by the magnetic field of the rotor of the motor is preferably a sine wave, but in the actual design process, the performance requirements of the motor are taken into consideration, and the rotor pole structure of the motor is The resulting air gap magnetic field waveform can only be approximated as a sine wave.
  • the electrical angle of the rotor pole in the corresponding pole range is too large, the flat top width of the air gap magnetic field waveform is too large, and the generated air gap magnetic field waveform Approximate to square wave, the torque ripple generated by the motor is too large, resulting in motor noise becoming larger; on the contrary, the electrical angle occupied by the rotor pole in the corresponding pole range is too small, although the generated air gap magnetic field waveform can be more It is close to a sine wave, but since the range of the rotor pole in a pole range is too small, the air gap flux becomes small, resulting in a small power density per unit volume of the motor, which cannot meet the actual performance requirements.
  • the electrical angle range of the single rotor magnetic pole in the corresponding pole pitch range is 90. -120. .
  • the electrical angle of a single rotor pole in the corresponding pole pitch range is from 90° to 120°.
  • FIG. 7 a three-phase sinusoidal winding distribution diagram of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • phase band which can be connected by a triangle connection or a star connection, which essentially belongs to a six-phase motor.
  • a three-phase sinusoidal winding distribution diagram in which a two-part winding of a delta connection and a star connection is connected in series or in parallel to form a three-phase winding is used.
  • the phase three-phase winding is essentially a twelve-phase motor.
  • a four-pole, six-slot, fractional-slot brushless motor is taken as an example.
  • the three-phase windings are sinusoidal windings, each slot has one 30.
  • the electrical angle between the delta winding and the star winding differs by 30°.
  • the three-phase sinusoidal winding shown in Fig. 7 connects or connects the two-part windings of the delta connection and the star connection in a single motor, which can eliminate or greatly reduce the higher harmonics in the winding magnetic potential, and improve the base.
  • Wave winding coefficient can effectively reduce the stray consumption and copper consumption in the motor, improve the starting and running performance of the motor, and reduce the vibration noise.
  • the rotational direction and the rotational speed of the brushless motor for the drain pump are controlled by controlling the magnitude and phase of the three-phase AC voltage applied to the three-phase stator winding of the brushless motor for the drain pump.
  • a three-phase inverter circuit is used to supply power to the three-phase stator winding of the brushless motor for the drain pump.
  • a substantially constant DC voltage is input to the three-phase inverter circuit via a DC bus, which can be obtained by rectifying a household single-phase AC.
  • the three-phase inverter circuit includes six bridge arms S1 - S6 , and each bridge arm includes a 180.
  • the bridge arms S1 - S2 are for supplying a first phase voltage to a first phase stator winding (for example, an A-phase stator winding) of the three-phase stator winding of the drain pump brushless motor, and the bridge arms S3 - S4 are used for the The second phase stator winding (for example, the B-phase stator winding) of the three-phase stator winding of the brushless motor for the drain pump provides the second phase voltage, and the bridge arms S5-S6 are used for the brushless motor of the drain pump.
  • the third phase stator winding (eg, the C-phase stator winding) in the phase stator winding provides a third phase voltage.
  • washing, draining, rinsing, draining, etc. are usually performed according to a predetermined procedure.
  • the flow of water in the drain pump may have different requirements, correspondingly
  • the ground speed of the brushless motor for the drain pump may have different requirements.
  • the operating speed of the brushless motor for the drain pump may be pre-programmed according to the requirements of the operating speed of the brushless motor for the drain pump in the processes of washing, draining, rinsing, draining, etc.
  • a curve a curve, and then a closed loop control of the operating speed of the drain pump brushless motor according to the pre-programmed running speed curve, that is, the brushless electric motor for the drain pump according to an embodiment of the invention, using a space vector pulse
  • the wide modulation technique is used to control the three-phase inverter circuit, and the position sensorless technology is used in the brushless motor for the drain pump to estimate the rotor position and speed of the brushless motor.
  • the conventional rotor magnetic pole position detecting method includes a position sensor detecting method and a position sensor detecting method.
  • the position sensor detecting method generally needs to add a position detecting sensor on the motor body, such as a Hall component, a photoelectric encoder, etc., although the method It can guarantee high detection accuracy, but the increase of position sensor will lead to cost increase, and the position sensor is more susceptible to external factors, and its anti-interference is not very good, so its position detection accuracy will be affected to some extent.
  • the commonly used position sensorless method is the counter electromotive force zero-crossing method. Although the method is relatively simple, the detection accuracy of the rotor position is not too high.
  • a sliding mode control method is used to detect the position and speed of the brushless motor rotor, and the sliding mode control method may be referred to as a sliding mode state observer method.
  • the sliding mode control method is a control strategy of the variable structure control system, and the strategy has a switching characteristic that changes the system structure at any time, and the control system designs a special switching surface in the state space in advance, and uses the discontinuous Control the law, constantly change the structure of the system, that is, under certain conditions, move along the specified state trajectory with small amplitude and high frequency up and down.
  • the state of the system is forced to slide along this particular switching plane toward the equilibrium point, and the final gradual stability is stabilized in an allowable field of equilibrium or equilibrium, ie, sliding mode motion.
  • an allowable field of equilibrium or equilibrium ie, sliding mode motion.
  • the basic principle of the space vector pulse width modulation technology is: When the three-phase alternating voltage passes through a three-phase inverter circuit (the six power switching devices of the three-phase inverter circuit constitute eight spatial voltage vector states, that is, six When the effective vector state and the two zero vector states are connected to the three-phase sinusoidal winding of the motor, the eight spatial voltage vectors are reasonably selected and combined, and the selected spatial voltage vector is adjusted.
  • the action time of the quantity can generate a more circular rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the motor, and the output voltage and current are closer to the sine wave, so that the torque ripple of the motor can be effectively controlled, the motor runs smoothly, and the noise is low.
  • the frequency of the current input to the stator winding after the inverter circuit can be adjusted according to the actual load.
  • a circuit control component is disposed, and the circuit control component controls the three-phase inverter circuit to the The three-phase voltage of the three-phase stator winding output on the stator assembly.
  • a detecting component and an analog-to-digital conversion component are further disposed on the control board 224, and the detecting component is configured to detect a three-phase voltage output by the three-phase inverter circuit to a three-phase stator winding on the stator component And a three-phase current and outputting a three-phase voltage detection signal and a three-phase current detection signal; the analog-to-digital conversion unit converting the three-phase voltage detection signal and the three-phase current detection signal detected by the detecting unit into a digital voltage signal and A digital current signal is provided to the circuit control component for the converted digital voltage signal and digital current signal.
  • control board 224 further includes a differential amplifying part disposed between the detecting part and the analog to digital converting part, and receiving the three-phase voltage detecting signal from the detecting part and The three-phase current detecting signal amplifies the three-phase voltage detecting signal and the three-phase current detecting signal, and outputs the amplified three-phase voltage detecting signal and the three-phase current detecting signal to the analog-digital converting unit.
  • the circuit control unit further estimates the position of the rotor pole of the rotor assembly using a digital voltage signal and a digital current signal received from the analog to digital conversion unit.
  • the circuit control component can be implemented by one or more microprocessors or digital signal processors.
  • the circuit control unit is implemented by an MCU that uses both space vector pulse modulation techniques to control the inverter circuit and a sliding mode control method to estimate the position of the rotor pole.
  • the circuit control component is implemented by two MCUs, wherein one MCU uses space vector pulse modulation technology to control the three-phase inverter circuit, and the other MCU uses sliding mode control to estimate the position of the rotor magnetic pole. .
  • the circuit control component generates the power switch for controlling the three-phase inverter circuit by using the estimated position of the rotor magnetic pole, and the digital voltage signal and the digital current signal, using a space vector pulse width modulation technique The pulse signal of the device.
  • the three-phase currents Ia, lb and Ic of the brushless motor are detected, and the detected three-phase currents Ia, lb and Ic are converted from a spatial coordinate system to a plane by a dark transformation.
  • I ot and I ⁇ in the coordinate system and then transform I ⁇ and I ⁇ in the plane coordinate system into the excitation current component Id and the torque current component Iq in the rotating coordinate system by the park transformation.
  • the space vector pulse width modulation technique is used to control the three-phase inverter circuit.
  • the three-phase voltages Va, Vb, and Vc are obtained by inverse car transform and clark inverse transform, it should be understood that PWM control is used.
  • PWM control is used.
  • control board further includes a three-phase output end and a ground end, wherein the three-phase output ends are respectively connected to the three-phase output ends of the three-phase inverter circuit and are respectively connected to the three-phase stator windings.
  • the ground terminal is connected to a center point of the three-phase inverter circuit and is connected to a center point of the three-phase stator winding.
  • the high voltage and the low voltage should be separated, specifically, the three-phase inverter circuit and the detecting component are arranged together, and the circuit control component, the A differential amplifying part and the analog to digital converting part are arranged apart from the three-phase inverter circuit and the detecting part.
  • the large current signal and the small current signal should be separated, specifically, the detection signal wiring of the detecting means is separated from the control signal wiring.
  • a wiring pitch of 8 mils or more is used.
  • FIG. 11 there is shown a schematic diagram of a current waveform of a stator winding of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that a stator winding of a brushless motor for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the current waveform is very close to a sine wave.
  • an impeller 130 for a drain pump is also provided.
  • the drain pump impeller 130 is configured to be particularly suitable for use with the brushless motor of the present invention to achieve higher drainage efficiency.
  • Fig. 12 there is shown a perspective view of a drain pump impeller 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 13, showing a front view of an impeller for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 14 An enlarged partial front view of an impeller for a drain pump according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • a drain pump impeller 130 includes a hub 131, a wheel 132, and a plurality of blades 133 disposed on the wheel 132, the hub 131, the wheel 132 and the blades 133.
  • the wheel disc design by using the wheel disc design, the impact of the water flow on the end cover and the damage caused thereby are prevented, and at the same time, the axial force generated by the water flow is small, and the impact of the water flow on the motor shaft and the rotor is avoided. Preventing the rotor from deviating from the axis, generating noise, ensuring its normal operation in the axial direction and prolonging its working life.
  • the wheel disc design can also prevent the debris in the water from following the vortex of the water, reaching the bearing, and winding on the shaft of the water pump. After a long time of operation, the water pump shaft generates resistance and cannot be drained normally. Stalled, burned out.
  • the vanes 133 are uniformly spaced apart from the impeller bore 134 on the wheel 132 and are of the same shape, the vanes 133 being perpendicular to the impeller axis (the impeller axis is collinear with the axis of the motor shaft when the impeller is coupled to the motor shaft)
  • the cross-sectional shape in the plane is curved, and the two end portions of the vane 133 are arranged on two circumferences having unequal radii, that is, the entrance end of each vane 133 is hook-shaped on the circumference having a small radius.
  • the outlet end is evenly disposed on a circumference having a large radius, and both of the circumferences are concentric with the impeller hole 134.
  • the sectional shape of the blade 133 in a plane perpendicular to the impeller axis is uniform in the blade height direction (i.e., the impeller axis direction).
  • the cross section of the blade 133 has a curved shape.
  • the curved cross-sectional shape includes a first arcuate section adjacent the inlet end of the vane and a second arcuate section adjacent the outlet end of the vane.
  • the first arcuate section at the inlet end has a first radius of curvature R1 and the second arcuate section at the outlet end has a second radius of curvature R2.
  • the centers of curvature of the first and second arcuate segments are located on the same side of the blade.
  • the radius of curvature here is defined based on the cross-sectional shape of the working surface of the blade.
  • the first radius of curvature R1 is different from the second radius of curvature R2.
  • the first radius of curvature R1 is greater than the second radius of curvature R2.
  • the first curved section and the second curved section are smoothly connected.
  • a smooth connection is a continuous conduction at the junction and a first derivative is continuous. From an intuitive point of view, a smooth connection means that the two connected segments are collinear in the tangential direction at the joint.
  • a smooth connection may be formed between the first curved section and the second curved section by a third curved section, which is a straight line or a smooth curve.
  • the third curved section has a third radius of curvature which may be between the first radius of curvature R1 and the second radius of curvature R2. As shown in Fig.
  • the angle between the tangent at the inlet end and the radial direction of the impeller 133 at the position is the blade 133.
  • Entrance angle 0 ⁇ The angle between the tangential line of the blade 133 at the end of the circumference of the larger radius and the radial ray of the impeller 133 at the position is the exit angle ⁇ of the blade 133, the blade 133
  • the inlet angle ⁇ is 0-25°
  • the exit angle ⁇ of the vane 133 is 70-90°.
  • a plurality of pressure relief holes 135 may be provided in the disk-shaped region between the impeller hole 134 of the wheel 132 and the inlet end of the blade 133. According to the embodiment of the invention, the design of the pressure relief hole ensures that the water pressure on both sides of the wheel is the same, and the damage caused by the excessive impact of one side of the water flow on the wheel is avoided.
  • the embodiment shown in Figures 12 and 13 includes 11 vanes 133 and 4 pressure relief holes 135.
  • the invention is not limited thereto, and may include any suitable number of blades 133 and any suitable number of pressure relief holes 135, preferably the number of blades 133 is 8-12, and the number of pressure relief holes is 2-6.
  • the blade in the above embodiment can be integrally formed into a single piece, thereby simplifying the manufacture and facilitating mass production.
  • the blade can be integrally formed by various methods such as injection molding, molding, machining, and the like.
  • the impeller for a drainage pump according to an embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure, high work efficiency, long service life, and is suitable for mass production.
  • an insulative cover 230 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • a terminal protection structure 141 is disposed on the insulating cover 230.
  • the insulating cover 230 is a cylindrical structure that is open at one end and closed at the other end. The open end of the insulating cover 230 receives some components of the motor portion 2 and is coupled to the main casing 21.
  • the side wall of the insulating cover 230 includes a terminal port 142 for providing a terminal.
  • the terminal protection structure 141 is an inverted L-shaped plate that projects outward from the insulating cover 230 over the terminal opening 142 of the insulating cover.
  • the terminal protection structure 141 includes a substrate 143 extending over the terminal opening 142 to form a water-blocking concealer, and a gusset 144 extending laterally from the terminal opening 142.
  • the substrate 143 extends in parallel with the insertion direction.
  • the substrate 143 is slightly inclined downward toward the closed end of the insulating cover along the motor axis.
  • the angle of inclination is preferably chosen to be an angle of less than 45°, more preferably an angle of between 5° and 30°, in this embodiment 10°.
  • the stencil 144 is attached to and extends from the substrate 143 at or near the bottommost edge of the substrate 143 (closest to the closed end of the insulating cover in the direction of the motor axis).
  • the terminal protection structure 141 preferably includes a wall portion 145 and a wall portion 146 which are erected upward from the highest and outermost edges of the substrate 143.
  • the substrate 143 and the affixing plate 144 of the terminal protection structure 141 form an inverted L-shaped configuration partially surrounding the terminal opening, and the substrate 143 and the wall portion 145 and the wall portion 146 rising from the substrate and the side wall of the insulating cover 230 form a drainage groove.
  • the water slides along the substrate 143 to the side and flows down along the splicing plate 144, thereby preventing water droplets from falling into the terminals and the terminal opening, preventing the occurrence of a short circuit and thereby protecting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种排水泵用无刷电动机及排水泵，所述排水泵用无刷电动机包括：电机壳（11）；电机轴（221）；转子组件（222），安装在所述电机轴（221）上且随所述电机轴（221）的旋转而同步旋转，包括转子铁芯（2221）以及嵌放在所述转子铁芯（2221）上的转子磁极（2222）；定子组件（223），包括定子铁芯以及绕制在定子铁芯槽中的三相定子绕组；以及控制板（224），包括三相逆变电路，并且包括电路控制部件，该电路控制部件采用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控制所述三相逆变电路向所述定子组件上的三相定子绕组输出的三相电压，其中，所述控制板（224）被容纳在所述电机壳（11）中。所述排水泵用无刷电动机及排水泵用于洗碗机或洗衣机中。

Description

排水泵用无刷电动机及排水泵 技术领域
本发明涉及排水泵技术领域， 更具体地， 本发明涉及一种排水泵用无刷 电动机及包括该无刷电动机的排水泵。 背景技术
目前， 洗碗机、 洗衣机等家用电器循环水或排水所用排水泵的电动机通 常为感应电动机或单相永磁同步电动机。 感应电动机由于效率较低、 结构复 杂、 体积较大、 成本较高， 已逐步退出洗碗机、 洗衣机等家用电器排水泵应 用领域。 单相永磁同步电机本身无法实现定向旋转， 需要在转子结构上增加 止逆机构来防止电机反向旋转， 而且单相永磁同步电机的电机结构较复杂， 启动噪音较大。
另一方面， 洗衣机、 洗碗机等家用电器现有排水泵所用的叶轮一般由安 装在轴套上的若干叶片构成， 且叶片为直叶片， 排水过程中， 使水在离心力、 切向剪力作用下达到排水目的， 其缺点是排水泵水流量小， 内耗大， 且水流 轴向也有部分剪切力， 会挤压端盖和电机轴， 导致端盖变形， 转子组件偏移 而不能正常工作， 形成噪音。 同时， 因叶轮与泵座之间有一定的间隙， 在轴 向剪切力的作用下水就产生了涡流， 而像洗衣机、 洗碗机类家用电器， 所需 要排出的污水中会含有或多或少的纤维、 棉纱等杂物， 这些杂物跟随水的涡 旋， 到达轴承处， 缠绕在水泵的轴上， 长时间运行后， 缠绕的杂物逐渐增多， 使水泵轴产生阻力， 不能正常排水， 严重时会使水泵堵转、 烧坏。
随着绿色家电理念的提出和环保意识的增强， 现有的排水泵已无法满足 大家对居住环境舒适度越来越高的要求。 因此， 需要一种新型的排水泵， 其 结构简单， 体积较小， 效率较高， 工作噪音较小。 发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题， 根据本发明的第一方面， 提供了一种排水泵用 无刷电动机， 包括： 电机壳； 电机轴； 转子组件， 安装在所述电机轴上且随 所述电机轴的旋转而同步旋转， 包括转子铁芯以及嵌放在所述转子铁芯上的 转子磁极； 定子组件， 包括定子铁芯以及绕制在定子铁芯槽中的三相定子绕 组； 以及控制板， 包括三相逆变电路， 并且包括电路控制部件， 该电路控制 部件釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控制所述三相逆变电路向所述定子组件上的 三相定子绕组输出的三相电压， 其中， 所述控制板被容纳在所述电机壳中。
由此， 该无刷电动机能够实现定向旋转， 而无需釆用止逆机构。 优选地， 控制板还包括电路控制部件， 该电路控制部件釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控 制所述三相逆变电路向所述定子组件上的定子绕组输出的三相电压。
优选地， 定子组件釆用分数槽结构。 优选地， 转子组件中的单个转子磁 极在对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度范围为 90°-120°。 优选地， 控制板还 包括检测部件和模数转换部件， 所述检测部件用于检测所述三相逆变电路向 所述定子组件上的三相定子绕组输出的三相电压和三相电流并且输出三相电 压检测信号和三相电流检测信号； 所述模数转换部件将所述检测部件所检测 到的三相电压检测信号和三相电流转换检测信号为数字电压信号和数字电流 信号， 并将转换得到的数字电压信号和数字电流信号提供给所述电路控制部 件。 优选地， 电路控制部件利用从所述模数转换部件接收的数字电压信号和 数字电流信号， 釆用滑模控制方法估计所述转子组件的转子磁极的位置。 优 选地， 电路控制部件利用所估计的转子磁极的位置、 以及所述数字电压信号 和数字电流信号， 釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术产生用于控制所述三相逆变电 路中的功率开关器件的脉冲信号。 优选地， 控制板还包括差分放大部件， 所 述差分放大部件从所述检测部件接收所述三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测 信号， 放大所述三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号， 并将放大后的三相 电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号输出到所述模数转换部件。 优选地， 电路 控制部件为一个或多个微处理器或数字信号处理器。 优选地， 控制板还包括 三相输出端和接地端， 所述三相输出端分别与所述三相逆变电路的三相输出 端连接并且分别与所述三相定子绕组连接， 所述接地端与所述三相逆变电路 的中心点连接并且与所述三相定子绕组的中心点连接。 优选地， 在所述控制 板上， 所述三相逆变电路和所述检测部件布置在一起， 而所述电路控制部件、 所述差分放大部件和所述模数转换部件与所述三相逆变电路和所述检测部件 隔开布置。 优选地， 控制板通过机械配合的方式与所述定子组件固定在一起。 优选地， 无刷电动机用于洗碗机或洗衣机中的排水泵。 优选地， 电机壳不完 全封闭， 使得定子组件的一部分暴露。
此外， 根据本发明的第二方面， 提供了一种排水泵， 包括如前述方面所 述的无刷电动机和由无刷电动机驱动的水泵部分。 所述水泵部分包括水泵壳 和叶轮， 所述电机壳在电机轴伸出的一侧具有用于和所述水泵壳固定的固定 结构， 且所述叶轮固定连接到所述电机轴以便于在所述无刷电动机的驱动下 与所述电机轴一起旋转。
与现有技术相比， 釆用根据本发明的无刷电动机能够实现定向旋转， 而 无需釆用止逆机构， 由此也使得本发明的排水泵更加高效和紧凑。
根据本发明的第三方面， 提供了一种排水泵， 所述排水泵包括叶轮和用 于驱动叶轮的无刷电动机， 该叶轮包括轮盘和多个设置在轮盘上的叶片， 所 述叶片从轮盘表面沿叶轮轴线方向延伸远离轮盘表面， 且具有邻近叶轮轴线 的第一端和远离叶轮轴线且与第一端相对的第二端； 其中叶片在垂直于叶轮 轴线的平面中具有平滑弯曲的截面形状， 所述截面形状至少包括邻近第一端 的第一弧形区段和邻近第二端的第二弧形区段， 第一弧形区段具有第一曲率 半径， 而第二弧形区段具有不同于第一曲率半径的第二曲率半径。
优选地， 第一曲率半径大于第二曲率半径。 优选地， 第一端为叶片的入 口端且第二端为叶片的出口端。 优选地， 第一弧形区段和第二弧形区段的曲 率中心在叶片的同一侧。 优选地， 叶片还包括位于第一弧形区段和第二弧形 区段之间的线性或弧形的第三区段。 优选地， 该第三区段为具有第三曲率半 径的第三弧形区段， 该第三曲率半径大于第一和第二曲率半径。 优选地， 该 第三区段为具有第三曲率半径的第三弧形区段， 该第三曲率半径在第一和第 二曲率半径之间。 优选地， 第一弧形区段在第一端处的切线与在该位置的径 向方向的夹角为叶片的入口角 α， 所述叶片的入口角 α为 0-25°; 而第二弧形 区段在第二端处的切线与在该位置的径向方向的夹角为叶片的出口角 β， 所 述叶片的出口角 β为 70-90°。 优选地， 轮盘中心具有叶轮孔， 用于与电动机 轴连接， 叶轮孔与叶片的第一端之间的环状区域内设置有至少一个泄压孔。 优选地， 所述轮盘和叶片一体成形为单件。 优选地， 所述排水泵还包括如第 一方面所述的无刷电动机。
根据本发明的第四方面， 还提供了一种排水泵用叶轮， 包括如前述第三 方面所限定的叶轮结构。
通过釆用弧形叶片， 使叶片釆用最为合理弯曲样式， 和叶片入口角和叶 片出口角， 减小流动损失， 提高了工作效率。 通过轮盘设计， 防止了水流对 端盖的冲击和由此造成的损坏， 同时， 由于水流产生的轴向力较小， 避免了 水流对电机轴以及转子的冲击， 防止由此导致转子偏离轴线， 产生噪音， 保 证其在轴向正常工作， 延长了其工作寿命。 轮盘的设计还防止水中的杂物跟 随水的涡旋， 到达轴承处， 缠绕在水泵的轴上， 长时间运行后使水泵轴产生 阻力， 不能正常排水， 严重时使水泵堵转、 烧坏。 泄压孔的设计， 保证了轮 盘两侧水压相同， 避免一侧水流冲击过大对轮盘造成的损坏。 本发明所提供 的排水泵叶轮及排水泵结构简单， 寿命较长， 且适合批量生产。
根据本发明的第五方面， 提供了一种排水泵用的电动机， 该电动机包括 外壳、 电机轴、 转子组件和定子组件， 电机轴在电动机的一个端部处连接到 排水泵的叶轮， 用于驱动叶轮， 其中该外壳的侧壁上设置有容纳接线端子的 端子口和端子保护结构， 端子保护结构包括设置端子口上方的保护板， 该保 护板从外壳外表面向外悬臂伸出， 并且朝向端子口的一侧向下倾斜地延伸。
优选地， 在端子插入端子口的插入方向上， 该保护板沿插入方向延伸。 优选地， 该保护板沿电机轴线方向朝向外壳的与所述一个端部相对的另一个 端部向下倾斜地延伸。 优选地， 倾斜角度小于 30°。 优选地， 端子保护结构还 包括从保护板最低边缘处或附近向下延伸的缀板， 使得保护板和缀板形成至 少部分地围绕端子口的倒置 L形结构。 优选地， 端子保护结构还包括从保护 板最外侧边缘向上伸出的壁部。 优选地， 端子保护结构还包括从保护板最高 边缘和最外侧边缘向上伸出的壁部， 使得保护板、 壁部以及外壳形成一排水 槽。 优选地， 电动机为无刷电动机。 优选地， 保护板跨端子口的整个宽度延 伸， 或延伸超出端子口的两侧。
根据本发明的第六方面还提供了一种包括前述电动机和由电动机驱动的 叶轮的排水泵。
由此， 当电机上方有水滴落时， 由于有端子保护结构的存在， 水会沿着 其斜面滑到侧面滴落， 从而有效的保护了接线端子， 保证了其与外部电源连 接的可靠性和安全性。 本发明所提供的电机结构设计简单易行， 生产成本低， 适于工业生产。
本发明的第一方面同等地适用于本发明的第二至第六方面， 反之亦然。 本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述， 并且， 部分地从说 明书中变得显而易见， 或者通过实施本发明而了解。 本发明的目的和其他优 点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。 附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 并且构成说明书的一部分， 与本 发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中： 图 1图示了才艮据本发明实施例的排水泵外部结构示意图；
图 2图示了才艮据本发明实施例的排水泵结构分解示意图；
图 3图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的剖视图； 图 4图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的分数槽结构； 图 5图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的隐极式转子磁极 结构的示意图； 结构的示意图；
图 7图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的三相正弦绕组分 布图；
图 8图示了根据本发明实施例的釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控制排水泵 用无刷电动机的逆变电路图；
图 9图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的控制框图； 的示意图； 流波形的示意图；
图 12图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮的立体视图；
图 13图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮的正视图；
图 14图示了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮的放大局部正视图； 以及 图 15图示了根据本发明实施例的端子保护结构的立体视图。 具体实施方式
将参照附图详细描述根据本发明的各个实施例。 这里， 需要注意的是， 在附图中， 将相同的附图标记赋予基本上具有相同或类似结构和功能的组成 部分， 并且将省略关于它们的重复描述。 一般而言， 各附图中示出的实施例 均为不同实施例， 尽管各附图中的参考标号可能相同且各附图可能可以彼此 配合地使用。 应理解， 术语 "上"、 "下"、 "向上"、 "向下" 等方向性术语是 针对附图中所示的方位的描述， 这些方位并不是限制性的。 如果没有特别说 明， 本文中的术语 "向内"、 "向外"、 "内"、 "外"、 "内侧"、 "外侧" 是指相 对于部件中心的范围， 例如以电机轴线作为参照， 内和内侧指更靠近或指向 电机轴线的位置或取向， 外和外侧指更远离电机轴线的方位或取向， 而对于 电机轴线上的各位置， 向外或外侧是指更远离电机中心部位。此外， 术语 "水 平"、 "竖直"、 "悬垂" 等术语并不表示要求部件绝对水平或悬垂， 而是可以 稍微倾斜。 如 "水平" 仅仅是指其方向相对 "竖直" 而言更加水平， 并不是 表示该结构一定要完全水平， 而是可以稍微倾斜。
如图 1和图 2所示， 示出了才艮据本发明实施例的排水泵外部结构示意图 及排水泵结构分解示意图。
如图 1所示， 根据本发明实施例的排水泵可以包括水泵部分 1和电动机 部分 2。
如图 2所示， 所述水泵部分 1可以包括水泵壳 11和叶轮 13。 此外， 所 述水泵部分 1还可以包括密封圈 12， 密封圈 12设置在水泵部分 1和电动机 部分 2之间， 用于确保所述水泵部分和电动机部分之间的连接部的水密性。
水泵壳 11为限定了泵腔的大体圓柱形部件， 其第一端部敞开， 用于连接 到电动机部分， 且在相对的第二端部上设置有进水口。 水泵壳 11的侧壁上设 置有出水口， 并且所述出水口与所述泵腔相连通。
叶轮 13设置在水泵壳 11的泵腔内。 电动机部分 2的电机轴 221伸入到 泵腔内， 并且叶轮固定连接到电机轴 221以便于可以在电动机驱动下与电机 轴 221—起旋转。
如图 2所示， 电动机部分 2包括无刷电动机 22。 无刷电动机 22包括电 机轴 221、 转子组件 222、 定子组件 223以及控制板 224。 无刷电动机 22包 括电机壳， 电机壳包括主壳体 21和绝缘罩 23。
控制板 224容纳在电机壳内， 具体地， 在本实施例中控制板 224容纳在 绝缘罩 23内。优选地， 所述控制板 224通过任何合适的机械配合方式与无刷 电动机 22的定子组件 223固定在一起。控制板 224也可以固定到如电机壳这 样的其它静止部件上。控制板 224上设置有为所述无刷电动机 22的定子组件 223 上的三相定子绕组供电的电路。 此外， 考虑到根据本发明实施例的排水 泵的工作环境， 优选地， 还在所述控制板上涂覆用于电路绝缘保护的绝缘漆 或绝缘胶。 此外， 电动机部分 2的主壳体 21通过机械紧固件（例如螺纹紧固件或卡 扣结构等）与绝缘罩 23连接到一起， 以便将所述无刷电动机 22封闭起来。 主壳体 21和绝缘罩 23之间优选设置有另一密封圈， 以保持两者之间的连接 部的密封。 可选地， 电机壳也可以不是完全封闭式的， 而仅部分地封闭电机 的部件。 如图 3的优选实施例所示， 电机壳的主壳体 21和绝缘罩 23之间存 在一定的间隙， 从而电机的定子组件 223部分地暴露， 由此实现了更好地散 热效果。
如图 2所示， 在所述控制板 224上还设置供电端子 2241， 供电端子与外 部电源 （未示出）连接， 以便给所述控制板 224以及无刷电动机 22供电。
下面， 将结合图 3 -图 7来描述根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动 机的结构。
如前所述， 洗碗机、 洗衣机等家用电器循环水或排水所用排水泵的电动 机通常为感应电动机或单相永磁同步电动机， 然而由于感应电动机或单相永 磁同步电动机的特性不能满足日益提高的性能需求。 考虑到无刷电动机的特 性， 因此， 在本发明中提出将无刷电动机应用于洗碗机、 洗衣机等家用电器。 目前， 在洗碗机、 洗衣机等家用电器的排水泵中， 尚未釆用过无刷电动机， 过釆用逆变电路来控制向无刷电动机施加电流的方向， 可以实现无刷电动机 的定向旋转， 因此在此情况下也不需要增加止逆机构。 在图 3中， 对于相同部件， 釆用了与图 2中相同的参考标号。
如前所述， 所述无刷电动机 22可以包括所述电机轴 221、 转子组件 222、 定子组件 223以及控制板 224。
所述转子组件 222 包括转子铁芯以及嵌放在所述转子铁芯上的转子磁 极， 所述转子磁体优选地为永磁体， 所述定子组件 223 包括定子铁芯以及绕 制在定子铁芯槽中的三相定子绕组。
所述无刷电动机 22优选地为分数槽电机， 所述三相定子绕组优选地为 3 相正弦绕组， 所述转子组件可以釆用隐极式磁极结构或凸极式磁极结构。 结构。 在图 4中， 对于相同部件， 釆用了与图 2中相同的参考标号。 其中， 参考标号 223表示定子组件， 参考标号 2221表示转子组件中的转子铁芯， 参 考标号 2222表示转子组件中的永磁体。
整数槽结构具体指的是无刷电动机的定子组件中的每级每相槽数等于 1 的定子槽结构， 而分数槽结构具体指的是无刷电动机的定子组件中的每级每 相槽数小于 1 的定子槽结构。 相对于整数槽结构而言， 分数槽结构能够减少 槽数， 这便于定子铁芯的制作， 并且能够减小齿槽效应引起的力矩脉动。
然而， 无论是整数槽结构还是分数槽结构， 都须具有对称的定子绕组， 即三相绕组之间相位差为 120。， 以获得对称的电动势和磁动势。 以磁极对数 p为 3， 相数 m为 3的无刷电动机为例， 当釆用整数槽结构时， 为了获得对 称的电枢绕组， 所需槽数 Z=2 x p x m=18; 当釆用分数槽结构时， 为了获得 对称的电枢绕组， 须同时下列三个条件：
( 1 )槽数 Z为相数 m的整数倍；
( 2 )槽数 Z和磁极对数 p具有不等于 1的公约数 t， 且 Z/t=Z0， Z0/m为 整数；
( 3 )每极每相槽数 q=Z/2pm为小于 1的分数。
优选的， q取 0.5， 当磁极对数 p为 3， 相数 m为 3时， 釆用分数槽结构 的定子槽数 Z为 9。 具体地， 如图 4所示， 示出了 6个转子磁极， 即磁极对 数 p为 3， 在釆用三相绕组的情况下， 定子槽数为 9， 即定子釆用了每极每相 槽数为 0.5的分数槽结构。 转子磁极结构的示意图。 所述隐极式转子磁极结构为表面式转子磁极结构， 永磁体固定安装在转子铁芯的表面， 隐极结构的交轴方向磁阻和直轴方向磁 阻相等， 即交轴方向同步电抗和直轴方向同步电抗相等， 且所述隐极结构的 漏磁系数比较小， 能够产生的气隙磁通大一些， 由于隐极结构能够产生比较 大的负载转矩， 适合于对负载功率要求比较大的场合。 转子磁极结构的示意图。 所述凸极式转子磁极结构为内置式转子磁极结构， 永磁体固定安装在转子铁芯的内部， 凸极结构的交轴方向磁阻小于直轴方向 磁阻， 即交轴方向同步电抗大于直轴方向同步电抗， 且所述凸极结构的电磁 转矩， 除了包含基本转矩部分外， 还包含磁阻转矩部分， 所以凸极结构能够 产生比较大的启动转矩， 适合于对启动性能要求比较高的场合， 此外， 凸极 结构由于其漏磁系数相对较大， 气隙磁通相对较小， 能够比较容易的通过弱 磁调速， 适用于对电动机速度有要求的场合。
如图 5和图 6所示， 还在所述转子组件上设置有由塑料或环氧树脂构成 的外壳 2223。
为了使电动机获得较小的转矩脉动和噪音， 电机转子磁极磁场所产生的 气隙磁场波形最好为正弦波， 但在实际的设计过程中， 兼顾到电动机的性能 要求， 电动机转子磁极结构所产生的气隙磁场波形通常只能近似为正弦波， 如果转子磁极在对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度过大， 气隙磁场波形的平 顶宽度过大， 所产生的气隙磁场波形近似于方波， 电动机所产生的转矩脉动 过大， 导致电动机噪音变大； 反之， 转子磁极在对应的极距范围内所占的电 气角度过小， 虽然所产生的气隙磁场波形能够更好地近似于正弦波， 但由于 一个极距范围内转子磁极所占的范围过小， 导致气隙磁通变小， 从而导致单 位体积电动机的功率密度变小， 无法满足实际的性能要求。
在本发明中， 为了优化气隙磁场波形和保证电动机的性能要求， 优选地， 将单个转子磁极在对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度范围确定为 90。-120。。 以磁极对数 p为 3的隐极结构的无刷电动机为例， 其一个极距所占的机械角 度 δ为 360 2ρ =60°，如果对应的极距范围内转子磁极的机械角度 φ为 30° ， 则转子磁极在对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度为 π *φ/δ = π /2=90°； 如果对 应的极距范围内转子磁极的机械角度 φ为 40° ， 则转子磁极在对应的极距范 围内所占的电气角度为 π *φ/δ =2* π /3=120。。
因此， 在图 5和图 6所示的转子磁极结构中， 优选地， 单个转子磁极在 对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度范围为 90°-120°。
如图 7所示， 示出了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的三相正 弦绕组分布图。
现有的三相电动机通常釆用 60。相带的三相绕组，该三相绕组可以釆用三 角形接法或星形接法， 其本质上属于六相电动机。
如图 7所示的三相正弦绕组分布图， 其中， 将釆用三角形接法与星形接 法的两部分绕组串联或并联于来构成三相绕组， 其为釆用 30。相带的三相绕 组， 本质上属于十二相电动机。
在图 7中， 以 4极 6槽的分数槽无刷电动机为例， 其三相绕组为正弦绕 组分布时， 每个槽分别有 1个 30。相带的三角形绕组和 1个 30。相带的星形绕 组， 三角形绕组和星形绕组之间的电气角度相差 30°。 如图 7所示的三相正弦绕组把三角形接法与星形接法的两部分绕组串联 或并联于一台电动机中， 可以消除或大幅度降低绕组磁势中的高次谐波， 提 高基波绕组系数； 能有效地降低电动机中的杂散耗和铜耗、 改善电动机的起 动和运行性能， 降低振动噪音。
接下来， 将参考图 8 -图 11来描述根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电 动机的控制方法， 通过所述排水泵用无刷电动机的控制板 224来实现所述控 制方法。
根据本发明实施例， 通过控制向所述排水泵用无刷电动机的三相定子绕 组施加的三相交流电压的幅值和相位来控制所述排水泵用无刷电动机的旋转 方向以及旋转速度。 在本发明中， 釆用三相逆变电路来向所述排水泵用无刷 电动机的三相定子绕组供电。 的三相逆变电路的示意图， 所述三相逆变电路布置在所述控制板 224上。 通 过直流母线向该三相逆变电路输入基本恒定的直流电压， 该基本恒定的直流 电压可以通过将家用单相交流电整流得到。 在图 8中， 为了简化， 没有示出 用于将家用单相交流电整流、 滤波、 稳压以得到基本恒定的直流电压的电路 图， 而仅仅以直流电源 Ud形式示出了所述基本恒定的直流电流。 因此， 应 了解， 本发明不限于图 8所示的形式， 本领域技术人员可以釆用任何等效替 换形式来向所述三相逆变电路输入所述基本恒定的直流电压。
所述三相逆变电路包括六个桥臂 S1 - S6 , 每个桥臂包括一个 180。 导通 的功率开关器件以及分别与该功率开关器件反向并联的二极管。 桥臂 S1 - S2 用于向所述排水泵用无刷电动机的三相定子绕组中的第一相定子绕组（例如 A相定子绕组）提供第一相电压，桥臂 S3 - S4用于向所述排水泵用无刷电动 机的三相定子绕组中的第二相定子绕组（例如 B相定子绕组）提供第二相电 压，桥臂 S5 - S6用于向所述排水泵用无刷电动机的三相定子绕组中的第三相 定子绕组（例如 C相定子绕组）提供第三相电压。 图。 ' "
在洗衣机、 洗碗机等家用电器中， 通常都是按照预定的程序来运行洗涤、 排水、 漂洗、 排水等过程， 在这些过程中， 对排水泵中的水流量可能会有不 同的要求， 相应地对排水泵用无刷电动机的运行速度可能会有不同的要求。 可以按照所述预定的程序， 相应地按照在所述洗涤、 排水、 漂洗、 排水等过 程中对排水泵用无刷电动机的运行速度的要求， 预先编制所述排水泵用无刷 电动机的运行速度曲线， 继而根据预先编制的所述运行速度曲线来对所述排 水泵用无刷电动机的运行速度实现闭环控制， 即使得所述排水泵用无刷电动 根据本发明实施例， 釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术来实现对所述三相逆变 电路的控制， 并且在所述排水泵用无刷电动机中釆用无位置传感器技术来进 行无刷电动机转子位置及速度的估算。
传统的转子磁极位置检测方法包括有位置传感器检测方法和无位置传感 器检测方法， 有位置传感器检测方法通常需要在电动机本体上增加位置检测 传感器， 例如霍尔元器件、 光电编码器等， 虽然该方法能够保证较高的检测 精度， 但由于位置传感器的增加将导致成本的上升， 以及位置传感器比较容 易受到外界因素的影响， 其抗干扰性并不是太好， 所以其位置检测精度将受 到一定的影响； 而通常釆用的无位置传感器方法为反电动势过零法， 虽然该 方法相对来说较为简单， 但转子位置的检测精度并不是太高。
如图 9所示， 在所述无刷电动机启动时以及在运行过程中， 釆用无位置 传感器技术来估算所述无刷电动机转子的位置及速度。 具体地， 根据本发明 实施例， 釆用滑模控制方法来检测所述无刷电动机转子的位置及速度， 该滑 模控制方法又可称为滑模状态观测器方法。 所述滑模控制方法是变结构控制 系统的一种控制策略， 该策略具有使系统结构随时变化的开关特性， 该控制 为控制系统预先在状态空间中设计一个特殊的切换面， 利用不连续的控制规 律， 不断地变换系统的结构， 即在一定条件下沿规定的状态轨迹作小幅度、 高频率上下运动。 迫使系统的状态沿着这个特定的切换面向平衡点滑动， 最 后渐进稳定于平衡点或平衡点的某个允许的领域内， 即滑动模态运动。 系统 一旦进入滑模状态， 系统状态的转移就不再受系统原有参数变化和外部扰动 的影响， 具有很强的鲁棒性。 本发明所釆用的滑模控制方法来检测转子磁极 位置具有较高的检测精度以及较强的抗干扰性。
此外， 所述空间矢量脉宽调制技术的基本原理为： 当三相交变电压通过 三相逆变电路（三相逆变电路的 6个功率开关器件组成了 8种空间电压矢量 状态， 即 6个有效矢量状态和 2个零矢量状态） 与电动机的三相正弦绕组连 接时， 通过合理选用和组合 8个空间电压矢量， 并调控被选用的空间电压矢 量的作用时间， 能够在电动机的气隙内产生更加圓形的旋转磁场， 其输出电 压和电流更接近于正弦波， 从而能有效地控制电动机的转矩脉动， 使电动机 平稳运行， 噪音较低。 且经逆变电路后输入到定子绕组的电流的频率可以根 据实际负载的情况进行调节。
相应地， 在所述控制板 224上除了布置有三相逆变电路之外， 还布置有 电路控制部件， 该电路控制部件釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控制所述三相逆 变电路向所述定子组件上的三相定子绕组输出的三相电压。
此外， 在所述控制板 224上还布置有检测部件和模数转换部件， 所述检 测部件用于检测所述三相逆变电路向所述定子组件上的三相定子绕组输出的 三相电压和三相电流并且输出三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号； 所述 模数转换部件将所述检测部件所检测到的三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测 信号转换为数字电压信号和数字电流信号， 并将转换得到的数字电压信号和 数字电流信号提供给所述电路控制部件。
此外， 所述控制板 224还包括可以差分放大部件， 所述差分放大部件布 置在所述检测部件和所述模数转换部件之间， 并且从所述检测部件接收所述 三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号， 放大所述三相电压检测信号和三相 电流检测信号， 并将放大后的三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号输出到 所述模数转换部件。
此外， 所述电路控制部件还利用从所述模数转换部件接收的数字电压信 号和数字电流信号，釆用滑模控制方法估计所述转子组件的转子磁极的位置。 应了解， 所述电路控制部件可以由一个或多个微处理器或数字信号处理器实 现。 具体地， 例如所述电路控制部件由一片 MCU 实现， 其既釆用空间矢量 脉冲调制技术实现对所述逆变电路的控制， 也釆用滑模控制方式估计转子磁 极的位置。 替代地， 所述电路控制部件由两片 MCU实现， 其中一片 MCU釆 用空间矢量脉冲调制技术实现对所述三相逆变电路的控制， 另一片 MCU釆 用滑模控制方式估计转子磁极的位置。
继而， 所述电路控制部件利用所估计的转子磁极的位置、 以及所述数字 电压信号和数字电流信号， 釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术产生用于控制所述三 相逆变电路中的功率开关器件的脉冲信号。
根据本发明实施例， 检测得到所述无刷电动机的三相电流 Ia、 lb和 Ic， 经过 dark变换， 将所检测的三相电流 Ia、 lb和 Ic从空间坐标系变换为平面 坐标系下的 I ot和 I β，然后通过 park变换再将平面坐标系下的 I α和 I β变换 为旋转坐标系下的励磁电流分量 Id和转矩电流分量 Iq。
Clark变换
Figure imgf000015_0001
具体地， 釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术来控制所述三相逆变电路， 尽管通 过 park反变换和 clark反变换得到了三相电压 Va、 Vb和 Vc， 然而应了解， 在釆用 PWM控制所述三相逆变电路的过程中， 仍需根据所得到的三相电压 Va、 Vb和 Vc相应地产生控制图 8所示的六个桥臂 S1 - S6的脉冲信号。
此外， 所述控制板还包括三相输出端和接地端， 所述三相输出端分别与 所述三相逆变电路的三相输出端连接并且分别与所述三相定子绕组连接， 所 述接地端与所述三相逆变电路的中心点连接并且与所述三相定子绕组的中心 点连接。
应注意， 在所述控制板的布置上， 应将高压与低压隔开， 具体地， 将所 述三相逆变电路以及所述检测部件布置在一起， 而将所述电路控制部件、 所 述差分放大部件和所述模数转换部件与所述三相逆变电路和所述检测部件隔 开布置。 此外， 还应将将大电流信号和小电流信号隔开， 具体地， 将所述检 测部件的检测信号布线与控制信号布线隔开。 此外， 优选地， 在所述控制板 上， 釆用 8mil以上的走线间距。 场波形的示意图， 可以看出， 根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无刷电动机的气 息磁场近似为正弦波。 如图 11所示， 示出了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用无 刷电动机的定子绕组的电流波形的示意图， 可以看出， 根据本发明实施例的 排水泵用无刷电动机的定子绕组的电流波形非常接近正弦波。
通过上述过程实现了对所述排水泵用无刷电动机的速度的实时控制。 尽 管上面以预先编制的运行速度曲线为例展开描述， 然而应了解， 也可以釆用 根据本发明实施例的所述排水泵用无刷电动机的控制可以釆用廉价的 MCU来实现， 非常适合应用于家用电器的排水泵类电动机应用领域。
根据本发明的优选实施例， 还提供了一种排水泵用叶轮 130。 该排水泵 用叶轮 130被配置为特别适合于与本发明的无刷电动机一起使用， 实现更高 的排水效率。 如图 12所示， 示出了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮 130的 立体视图，如图 13所示，示出了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮的正视图， 而图 14示出了根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮的放大局部正视图。
如图 12所示，根据本发明的优选实施例的排水泵叶轮 130，包括轮毂 131、 轮盘 132和多个设置在轮盘 132上的叶片 133， 所述轮毂 131， 轮盘 132和叶 片 133可以一体成型。 根据本发明实施例， 通过釆用轮盘设计， 防止了水流 对端盖的冲击和由此造成的损坏， 同时， 由于水流产生的轴向力较小， 避免 了水流对电机轴以及转子的冲击， 防止由此导致转子偏离轴线， 产生噪音， 保证其在轴向正常工作， 延长了其工作寿命。 此外， 釆用轮盘设计， 也能防 止水中的杂物跟随水的涡旋， 到达轴承处， 缠绕在水泵的轴上， 长时间运行 后使水泵轴产生阻力， 不能正常排水， 严重时使水泵堵转、 烧坏。 所述叶片 133绕叶轮孔 134均匀间隔地设置在轮盘 132上且形状相同， 所述叶片 133在与叶轮轴线 （当叶轮连接到电机轴时， 该叶轮轴线与电机轴 的轴线共线）垂直的平面中的截面形状为弧形， 所述叶片 133的两个端部分 布在两个半径不相等的圓周上， 即每个叶片 133的入口端均勾地设置在在具 有小半径的圓周上， 出口端均匀地设置在具有大半径的圓周上， 且这两个圓 周均与叶轮孔 134为同心圓。 叶片 133在与叶轮轴线垂直的平面中的的截面 形状在叶片高度方向 （即叶轮轴线方向）上是一致的。
如图 14所示， 叶片 133的所述截面为弯曲形状。 该弯曲截面形状包括邻 近叶片入口端处的第一弧形区段， 和邻近叶片出口端处的第二弧形区段。 入 口端处的第一弧形区段具有第一曲率半径 Rl， 而出口端处的第二弧形区段具 有第二曲率半径 R2。 且在该实施例中， 第一和第二弧形区段的曲率中心位于 叶片的同一侧。 此处的曲率半径是基于叶片的工作表面的截面形状限定的。 第一曲率半径 R1不同于第二曲率半径 R2。 在该实施例中， 第一曲率半径 R1 大于第二曲率半径 R2。 第一弧形区段和第二弧形区段平滑连接。 平滑连接是 指在连接点处连续可导且一阶导数连续。 从直观角度说， 平滑连接是指连两 被连接区段在接点处的切线方向共线。 此外， 第一弧形区段和第二弧形区段 之间还可以通过第三弧形区段平滑连接，该第三弧形区段为直线或平滑曲线。 优选的是， 该第三弧形区段具有第三曲率半径， 该第三曲率半径可以在第一 曲率半径 R1和第二曲率半径 R2之间。 如图 13所示， 在叶片 133的上述截 面形状中， 入口端处的切线与叶轮 133在该位置处的径向方向 （该位置与叶 轮中心连线所处的方向） 的夹角为叶片 133的入口角 0^ 所述叶片 133的弧 形在位于较大半径的圓周的端部的切线与叶轮 133在该位置的径向射线的夹 角为叶片 133的出口角 β，所述叶片 133的入口角 α为 0-25° ，所述叶片 133 的出口角 β为 70-90° 。 根据本发明实施例， 通过釆用弧形叶片， 使叶片釆用 最为合理的叶片入口角和叶片出口角， 减小流动损失， 提高了工作效率。
此外， 所述轮盘 132上叶轮孔 134与叶片 133入口端之间的盘状区域还 可以设置有若干个泄压孔 135。 根据本发明实施例， 通过泄压孔设计， 保证 了轮盘两侧水压相同， 避免一侧水流冲击过大对轮盘造成的损坏。
如图 12和 13所示的实施例中包括 11个叶片 133以及 4个泄压孔 135。 然而， 本发明不限于此， 可以包括任何适当数量的叶片 133和任何适当数量 的泄压孔 135，优选的是叶片 133的数量为 8 _ 12个，泄压孔的数量为 2-6个。 上述实施例中的叶片可以一体成形为单件， 由此使得制造简单化， 容易 实现批量生产。 可以通过注塑、 模制、 机加工等各种方式一体成形该叶片。 根据本发明实施例的排水泵用叶轮结构简单， 工作效率较高， 寿命较长， 且 适合批量生产。
如图 15所示，示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的绝缘罩 230。绝缘罩 230 上设置有端子保护结构 141。 绝缘罩 230为一端开口， 另一端封闭的筒状结 构。 绝缘罩 230的开口端部接收电动机部分 2的一些部件， 并与主壳体 21连 接。 绝缘罩 230的侧壁上包括用于设置接线端子的端子口 142。 端子保护结 构 141为在绝缘罩的端子口 142上方从绝缘罩 230向外伸出的倒置 L形板。
端子保护结构 141 包括在端子口 142上方延伸形成挡水遮檐的基板 143 和在端子口 142侧向悬垂的缀板 144。 在端子插入端子口 142的插入方向上， 基板 143平行于该插入方向延伸。 此外， 基板 143沿电机轴线朝向绝缘罩的 封闭端部方向稍稍向下倾斜。 该倾斜角度优选选择小于 45° 的角度， 更优选 选择在 5° 至 30° 之间的角度， 在本实施例中为 10° 。 缀板 144在基板 143 的最底边沿 （沿电机轴线方向最靠近绝缘罩封闭端部）处或附近连接到基板 143并从其向下悬垂延伸。
此外， 端子保护结构 141优选包括从基板 143的最高边沿和最外侧边沿 处向上竖起的壁部 145和壁部 146。
端子保护结构 141的基板 143和缀板 144形成部分围绕端子口的倒置 L 形构造， 且基板 143和从基板竖起的壁部 145和壁部 146以及绝缘罩 230的 侧壁形成一排水槽， 当有水滴落在基板上时， 水便会顺着基板 143滑至侧面， 并沿着缀板 144流下， 从而防止水滴落到端子和端子口内， 防止短路发生， 从而起到保护作用。
在上面详细描述了本发明的各个实施例。 然而， 本领域技术人员应该理 解， 在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下， 可对这些实施例进行各种修改， 组合或子组合， 并且这样的修改应落入本发明的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种排水泵用无刷电动机， 包括：
电机壳；
电机轴；
定子组件， 包括定子铁芯以及绕制在定子铁芯槽中的三相定子绕组； 以 及
控制板， 包括三相逆变电路， 并且包括电路控制部件， 该电路控制部件 釆用空间矢量脉宽调制技术控制所述三相逆变电路向所述定子组件上的三相 定子绕组输出的三相电压，
其中， 所述控制板被容纳在所述电机壳中。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述定子组件釆用 分数槽结构。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述转子组件中的 单个转子磁极在对应的极距范围内所占的电气角度范围为 90。-120。。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述控制板还包括 检测部件和模数转换部件， 所述检测部件用于检测所述三相逆变电路向所述 定子组件上的三相定子绕组输出的三相电压和三相电流并且输出三相电压检 测信号和三相电流检测信号； 所述模数转换部件将所述检测部件所检测到的 三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号转换为数字电压信号和数字电流信 号，并将转换得到的数字电压信号和数字电流信号提供给所述电路控制部件。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述电路控制部件 利用从所述模数转换部件接收的数字电压信号和数字电流信号， 釆用滑模控 制方法估计所述转子组件的转子磁极的位置。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述电路控制部件 利用所估计的转子磁极的位置、 以及所述数字电压信号和数字电流信号， 釆 用空间矢量脉宽调制技术产生用于控制所述三相逆变电路中的功率开关器件 的脉冲信号。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述控制板还包括 差分放大部件， 所述差分放大部件从所述检测部件接收所述三相电压检测信 号和三相电流检测信号， 放大所述三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号， 并将放大后的三相电压检测信号和三相电流检测信号输出到所述模数转换部 件。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述电路控制部件 为一个或多个微处理器或数字信号处理器。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述控制板还包括 三相输出端和接地端， 所述三相输出端分别与所述三相逆变电路的三相输出 端连接并且分别与所述三相定子绕组连接， 所述接地端与所述三相逆变电路 的中心点连接并且与所述三相定子绕组的中心点连接。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 在所述控制板上， 所述三相逆变电路和所述检测部件布置在一起， 而所述电路控制部件、 所述 差分放大部件和所述模数转换部件与所述三相逆变电路和所述检测部件隔开 布置。
11. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述控制板通过 机械配合的方式与所述定子组件固定在一起。
12. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 所述电机壳不完 全封闭， 使得定子组件的一部分暴露。
13. 如权利要求 1所述的排水泵用无刷电动机， 其中， 无刷电动机用于 洗碗机或洗衣机中的排水泵。
14. 一种排水泵， 包括如权利要求 1 - 13中任一项所述的排水泵用无刷 电动机。
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