WO2014169518A1 - 光电二极管及其制造方法、x射线探测器基板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

光电二极管及其制造方法、x射线探测器基板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2014169518A1
WO2014169518A1 PCT/CN2013/077512 CN2013077512W WO2014169518A1 WO 2014169518 A1 WO2014169518 A1 WO 2014169518A1 CN 2013077512 W CN2013077512 W CN 2013077512W WO 2014169518 A1 WO2014169518 A1 WO 2014169518A1
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layer
amorphous silicon
silicon film
type
type layer
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French (fr)
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郭炜
任庆荣
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/011Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12
    • H10F39/026Wafer-level processing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F30/00Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
    • H10F30/20Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
    • H10F30/21Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
    • H10F30/22Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes
    • H10F30/223Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier being a PIN barrier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F30/00Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
    • H10F30/20Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
    • H10F30/29Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to radiation having very short wavelengths, e.g. X-rays, gamma-rays or corpuscular radiation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/10Integrated devices
    • H10F39/12Image sensors
    • H10F39/18Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
    • H10F39/189X-ray, gamma-ray or corpuscular radiation imagers

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of semiconductor manufacturing technology, and in particular, to a photodiode and a method of fabricating the same, an X-ray detector substrate, and a method of fabricating the same. Background technique
  • X-ray inspection is widely used in medical, safety, non-destructive testing, scientific research, etc., and plays an increasingly important role in national economy and people's death.
  • the more common X-ray detection technology is the X-ray digital radiography (DR) detection technology in the late 1990s.
  • DR X-ray digital radiography
  • a flat panel detector is used in the X-ray digital camera system, and its pixel size can be less than 0.1 mm, so its image quality and resolution are almost comparable to that of film photography, while overcoming the performance of film photography. Disadvantages also provide convenience for computer processing of images.
  • digital X-ray inspection can be divided into direct conversion (Direct DR) and indirect conversion (Indirect DR).
  • Photodiodes are a key component of indirect X-ray detector substrates, which determine the absorption efficiency of visible light and have a large impact on key indicators such as X-ray dose, X-ray imaging resolution, and image response speed.
  • the photodiode generates a very low-doped intrinsic type I (Intrinsic) type layer between the P (positive) type and the N (Negative) type semiconductor with a high doping concentration. Since the absorption coefficient of the I-type layer is small, the incident light can be easily absorbed into the inside of the material to be sufficiently absorbed to generate a large number of electron-hole pairs, and thus has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, the P layer and the N layer 4 on both sides of the I layer are thin, and the photocarrier drift time is short, so that the response speed of the device is high. When the photodiode is reverse biased, the applied electric field and the electric field in the internal electric field are in the same direction.
  • the electrons on the valence band absorb the photon energy transition to the conduction band, thereby forming an electron-hole pair, which is intrinsic in the depletion layer.
  • the electron-hole pairs in the layer under the action of a strong electric field, the electrons drift to the N region, and the holes drift toward the P region, thereby forming a photocurrent, and the current also changes linearly when the optical power changes, thereby converting the optical signal into electricity. signal.
  • Photodiodes are currently available using ion implantation and activation processes.
  • Ion implantation method In the vacuum and low temperature, the impurity ions are accelerated, and the impurity ions which obtain the kinetic energy can directly enter the semiconductor; at the same time, some lattice defects are generated in the semiconductor, so the low temperature annealing is required after the ion implantation. Or laser annealing to eliminate these defects.
  • the purpose of the ion implantation process is to dope boron atoms, and an activation process is performed after the ion implantation process, in order to eliminate lattice damage and activate the impurity atoms occupying the lattice position.
  • the photodiode includes a P-type layer, an I-type layer, and an N-type layer disposed in order from top to bottom.
  • impurities may be When incorporated into the P-type layer, the impurity concentration distribution generally exhibits a Gaussian distribution, and the highest concentration is not at the surface P-type layer, but at a certain depth within the surface, that is, at the I-type layer at the subsurface from the surface Rp. .
  • R represents the average distance of the incident ions.
  • borane B2H6
  • the implantation of boron ions may penetrate into the I-type layer, that is, the intrinsic amorphous silicon, thereby causing contamination of the intrinsic amorphous silicon, and further Reduce the photoelectric performance of the photodiode.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a photodiode, a method of fabricating the same, an X-ray detector substrate, and a method of fabricating the same, which can avoid contamination of intrinsic amorphous silicon by implantation of boron ions by changing the fabrication sequence of the photodiode. Improve the photoelectric performance of photodiodes.
  • a method of fabricating a photodiode comprising: forming a photodiode on a substrate, the photodiode comprising an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P through ion implantation and activation process a type layer, the I type layer is located above the P type layer, and the N type layer is located above the I type layer.
  • forming the photodiode on the substrate of the substrate includes:
  • ion implantation of the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film includes: boron ion implantation of the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • a method of manufacturing a substrate of an X-ray detector comprising:
  • a thin film transistor Forming a thin film transistor, a photodiode on the substrate of the substrate, the photodiode comprising an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P-type layer formed by an ion implantation and activation process, the I-type layer being located above the P-type layer
  • the N-type layer is over the I-type layer
  • the P-type layer is electrically connected to a drain electrode of the thin film transistor.
  • the method further includes: forming an electrode lead on the substrate of the village, the electrode lead being electrically connected to the N-type layer.
  • the thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer pattern, a source electrode, and a drain electrode.
  • the forming a thin film transistor on the substrate substrate includes:
  • a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer pattern, and a source/drain metal layer on the substrate of the substrate; forming a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the source/drain metal layer;
  • a patterning process is performed to form a first transparent electrode, an N-type layer, an I-type layer and a P-type layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode.
  • the forming the electrode lead on the substrate of the substrate comprises:
  • the thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer pattern, a source electrode, and a drain electrode;
  • the photodiode includes: Forming a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer pattern, a source electrode and a drain electrode on the substrate of the substrate; forming a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the substrate substrate on which the active electrode and the drain electrode are formed; The first intrinsic amorphous silicon film is ion-implanted, and the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film after ion implantation is activated to form a p-type amorphous silicon film;
  • a patterning process is performed to form a first transparent electrode layer and a photodiode.
  • the forming the electrode lead on the substrate of the substrate comprises:
  • a second transparent electrode layer, an electrode lead layer, and a second resin layer are sequentially formed, and the electrode lead is electrically connected to the N-type layer through the second transparent electrode layer and the first transparent electrode.
  • the performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film comprises: performing boron ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • a photodiode comprising: an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P-type layer formed by an ion implantation and activation process, the I-type layer being located on the P-type layer,
  • the N-type layer is above the I-type layer.
  • a substrate for an X-ray detector comprising a substrate, a thin film transistor and a photodiode on the substrate, the photodiode comprising: an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a photo via a P-type layer formed by an ion implantation and activation process, the I-type layer being over the P-type layer, the N-type layer being over the I-type layer, an N-type layer of the photodiode and the The thin film transistor is electrically connected.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a photodiode ion implantation in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photodiode according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • 3 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a photodiode according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate of an X-ray detector according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a substrate of an X-ray detector according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for fabricating a photodiode, the method comprising: forming a photodiode on a substrate of a village, the photodiode comprising an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P-type layer subjected to an ion implantation and activation process, The I-type layer is above the P-type layer and the N-type layer is above the I-type layer.
  • the photodiode includes: a P-type layer on a substrate of the village, an I-type layer on the P-type layer, and an I-type layer.
  • the P-type layer is formed by ion implantation and activation process, and ion implantation is used for doping boron ions.
  • the activation process is used to eliminate lattice damage and activate the impurity atoms occupying the lattice position.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a photodiode according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 Form a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the substrate of the substrate.
  • a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film can be formed on the substrate by PECVD.
  • Step 302 forming a p-type amorphous silicon film by performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film and performing an activation process on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film after ion implantation;
  • the ion implantation method may be an Ion shower dog or an Ion implantation dog.
  • the activation process can be annealed (OVEN) or rapidly thermal anneal (RTA).
  • performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may include: performing boron ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • boron ion implantation of the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may be performed using borane (B2H6).
  • Step 303 forming a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the P-type amorphous silicon film for forming a type I amorphous silicon film;
  • a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film can be formed on a P-type amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 304 forming an N-type amorphous silicon film on the I-type amorphous silicon film
  • an N-type amorphous silicon film can be formed on a type I amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 305 Perform a patterning process to obtain an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P-type layer.
  • the N-type amorphous silicon film is subjected to photoresist coating, mask masking, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping, thereby obtaining an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and a P-type layer in the photodiode.
  • the thickness of the N-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇
  • the thickness of the I-type layer is 500 ⁇ 1500 ⁇
  • the thickness of the P-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇ .
  • the patterning process mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention may include some or all of the processes of photoresist coating, mask masking, exposure, development, etching, photoresist stripping, and the like, and may also include other processes.
  • the process is based on the pattern forming the desired composition, which is not limited herein.
  • a post-baking process may also be included after development and prior to etching.
  • the etching may be dry etching or wet etching.
  • the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film is ion-implanted, and the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film after ion implantation is activated to form a P-type amorphous silicon.
  • a photodiode of a new structure can be fabricated, which can effectively avoid the injection of boron ions.
  • the pollution of amorphous silicon is enhanced to improve the photoelectric performance of the photodiode.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a substrate of an X-ray detector, the method comprising: forming a thin film transistor, a photodiode, and an electrode lead on a substrate, the photodiode including an N-type layer, an I-type layer, and an A P-type layer formed by ion implantation and activation, the I-type layer is on the P-type layer, the N-type layer is on the I-type layer, the P-type layer is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor, and the electrode lead and the N-type layer are electrically connected. connection.
  • a thin film transistor, a photodiode and an electrode lead are formed on the substrate of the village, and the P-type layer is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor, and the electrode lead is electrically connected to the N-type layer.
  • the substrate of the X-ray detector includes: a substrate substrate 20; a gate electrode 1 formed on the substrate substrate; a gate insulating layer 2 formed on the gate electrode 1; and a gate electrode 1 formed thereon
  • a first transparent electrode 9 formed on the photodiode 7, and the first transparent electrode 9 may be a transparent conductive material
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium oxide
  • Electrode lead 11 The electrode lead 11 is connected to the N-type layer of the photodiode 7 through a via. Specifically, in the via region, the electrode lead 11 is electrically connected to the N-type layer of the photodiode 7 through the first transparent electrode 9 and the second transparent electrode layer 10; formed on the second transparent electrode layer 10 and the electrode lead 11 The second resin layer 12.
  • the substrate of the X-ray detector provided in this embodiment adopts a photodiode of a new structure sequence, thereby improving the photoelectric performance of the photodiode, thereby improving the performance of the substrate of the X-ray detector.
  • Embodiment 5
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a substrate of an X-ray detector according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 forming a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer pattern, and a source/drain metal layer on the substrate of the substrate.
  • a base substrate is provided, a gate metal layer is formed on the substrate of the village, and then the gate metal layer is subjected to photoresist coating, mask masking, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping to form a gate.
  • a gate insulating layer is formed on the substrate of the substrate after the above steps are completed; secondly, an amorphous silicon layer and an N-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed on the gate insulating layer, and then the P-type amorphous silicon layer is coated.
  • a photoresist, a mask mask, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping are formed to form an active layer pattern.
  • a source/drain metal layer is formed on the substrate substrate on which the active layer pattern is formed.
  • a gate line connected to the gate electrode can also be formed at the same time.
  • the gate metal layer may be a single metal layer; or the gate metal layer may also be a metal composite layer, and the material of the gate metal layer may be AlNd/Cr/CrNx, AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al, Al. /Mo or Mo/Al/Mo may also be composed of Cu and other buffer metals such as Mo, Nb, and Ti.
  • Step 502 forming a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the source/drain metal layer.
  • a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film can be formed on the source/drain metal layer by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 503 forming a p-type amorphous silicon film by performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film and performing an activation process on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film after ion implantation.
  • the ion implantation method may be an Ion shower dog or an Ion implantation dog, and the activation process may be an annealing furnace annealing (OVEN) or a rapid thermal annealing (high thermal anneal). RTA).
  • performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may include: performing boron ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • boron ion implantation of the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may be performed using borane (B2H6).
  • Step 504 forming a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the P-type amorphous silicon film.
  • a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film can be formed on the above P-type amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 505 forming an N-type amorphous silicon film on the second intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • an N-type amorphous silicon film can be formed on the second intrinsic amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 506 forming a first transparent electrode layer on the N-type amorphous silicon film.
  • the material of the first transparent electrode layer may be ITO or IZO.
  • Step 507 Perform a patterning process to form a first transparent electrode, a photodiode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode.
  • step 507 can include:
  • the first transparent electrode layer is coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, etched, and peeled to form a first transparent electrode; then, the photoresist is coated on the substrate substrate after the above steps are completed. Coating, mask masking, exposure, development, etching, and stripping to form a photodiode pattern; finally, coating the photoresist on the substrate substrate after the above steps, mask masking, exposure, development, etching And a pattern in which the source electrode and the drain electrode are formed by peeling off.
  • the thickness of the N-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇ , and the thickness of the I-type layer is 5000.
  • the thickness of the P-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇ .
  • the first transparent electrode may be separately formed by a patterning process.
  • Step 508 forming a protective layer and forming via holes on the protective layer.
  • the protective layer includes: a passivation layer and a first resin layer.
  • the passivation layer and the first resin layer are sequentially formed, the first resin layer is exposed and developed using a mask, and then the exposed passivation layer is etched to obtain via holes.
  • the passivation layer material may be a composition of one or more of the following: SiNx (silicon nitride), SiOx (silicon oxide), SiOxNy (silicon oxynitride).
  • Step 509 Form a second transparent electrode layer and an electrode lead, and fill the second transparent electrode layer and the electrode lead in the via hole, so that the electrode lead is electrically connected to the N-type layer through the second transparent electrode layer and the first transparent electrode.
  • a second transparent electrode layer is formed on the first resin layer; in order to avoid damage to the first resin layer, the second transparent electrode layer may be formed at a low temperature; then, a lead metal is formed on the second transparent electrode layer, and the lead is formed The metal is coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, and etched to form electrode leads; finally, a second resin layer is formed over the electrode leads.
  • the second resin layer may be coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, and etched to form a pattern of the second resin layer, as needed.
  • the material of the second transparent electrode layer may be ITO or IZO.
  • the material of the lead metal may be Mo, AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al, Al/Mo or Mo/Al/Mo, or may also be composed of Cu and other buffer metals such as Mo, Nb and Ti.
  • the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor are formed, and a photodiode of a new structure is fabricated by ion implantation and activation process, thereby avoiding boron.
  • Ion implantation causes contamination of intrinsic amorphous silicon, improves the photoelectric performance of the photodiode, and thereby improves the performance of the substrate of the X-ray detector.
  • Embodiment 6 is a method of manufacturing a substrate of an X-ray detector according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, the manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 601 forming a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer pattern, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the substrate of the substrate.
  • a base substrate is provided, a gate metal is formed on the substrate of the village, and then the gate metal layer is coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, and etched to form a gate electrode, and then, the above steps are completed.
  • a gate insulating layer is formed on the substrate of the substrate, and then an amorphous silicon layer and a P-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially formed on the gate insulating layer, and then the photoresist is masked on the substrate after the completion of the above steps.
  • the stencil mask, exposure, development, and etching form an active layer pattern.
  • a source/drain metal layer is formed on the substrate substrate on which the active layer pattern is formed, and then the substrate is coated on the substrate on which the above steps are completed.
  • the pattern of the source and drain electrodes is formed by engraving, mask masking, exposure, development, etching, and stripping.
  • a gate line connected to the gate electrode and a data line connected to the source electrode may be simultaneously formed.
  • the gate metal layer may be a single metal layer; or a gate metal
  • the layer may also be a metal composite layer, and the material of the gate metal layer may be AlNd/Cr/CrNx, AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al, Al/Mo or Mo/Al/Mo, or may be Cu and Other buffer metal components, such as Mo, Nb, and Ti.
  • Step 602 forming a first intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the substrate substrate on which the active electrode and the drain electrode are formed.
  • the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may be formed on the substrate substrate on which the active electrode and the drain electrode are formed by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 603 forming a p-type amorphous silicon film by performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film and performing an activation process on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film after ion implantation.
  • the ion implantation method may be an Ion shower dog or an Ion implantation dog, and the activation process may be an annealing furnace annealing (OVEN) or a rapid thermal annealing (RTA).
  • UPN annealing furnace annealing
  • RTA rapid thermal annealing
  • performing ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may include: performing boron ion implantation on the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • boron ion implantation of the first intrinsic amorphous silicon film may be performed using borane (B2H6).
  • Step 604 forming a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the P-type amorphous silicon film.
  • a second intrinsic amorphous silicon film can be formed on the above P-type amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 605 forming an N-type amorphous silicon film on the second intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
  • An N-type amorphous silicon film can be formed on the second intrinsic amorphous silicon film by a method such as PECVD.
  • Step 606 forming a first transparent electrode layer on the N-type amorphous silicon film.
  • the first transparent electrode layer may be ITO or IZO.
  • Step 607 Perform a patterning process to form a first transparent electrode and a photodiode.
  • the first transparent electrode layer is coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, etched, and peeled to form a first transparent electrode, and then the photoresist is coated on the substrate of the substrate after the above steps are completed.
  • mask masking, exposure, development, etching, and stripping form a pattern of photodiodes.
  • the thickness of the N-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇
  • the thickness of the I-type layer is 5000 A-15000A
  • the thickness of the P-type layer is 20 ⁇ 70 ⁇ .
  • the first transparent electrode may be separately formed by a patterning process.
  • Step 608 forming a protective layer and forming via holes on the protective layer.
  • the protective layer includes a passivation layer and a first resin layer. After masking, exposing, and developing the first resin layer, the exposed passivation layer is etched to obtain via holes.
  • the passivation layer material may be one or more of the following compositions: SiNx (silicon nitride),
  • SiOx silicon oxide
  • SiOxNy silicon oxynitride
  • Step 609 Forming a second transparent electrode layer and an electrode lead, the second transparent electrode layer and the electrode lead are filled in the via hole, so that the electrode lead is electrically connected to the N-type layer through the second transparent electrode layer and the first transparent electrode.
  • a second transparent electrode layer is formed on the first resin layer; in order to avoid damage to the first resin layer, the second transparent electrode layer may be formed at a low temperature, and then a lead metal is formed on the second transparent electrode layer, and the lead is formed. Coating a photoresist on the metal, masking, masking, developing, and etching to form a pattern of electrode leads. Finally, forming a second resin layer on the pattern of the electrode leads, and possibly second The resin layer is coated with a photoresist, a mask mask, exposed, developed, and etched to form a pattern of the second resin layer.
  • the second transparent electrode layer may be made of ITO or IZOo lead metal, and may be Mo, AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al, A or Mo/Al/Mo, or may be made of Cu and others. Buffer metal composition, such as Mo, Nb, Ti, etc.
  • the difference between the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment is as follows: In the fifth embodiment, after the pattern of the photodiode is formed, the pattern of the source electrode and the drain electrode is formed. In the sixth embodiment, the pattern of the source electrode and the drain electrode is formed first. The pattern of the photodiode is formed again.
  • the electrode lead, the first transparent electrode 9, the second transparent electrode layer 10 and the N-type layers of the photodiode 7 in any embodiment of the present invention are electrically connected to each other through via holes, and the via holes are electrically connected to each other.
  • the regions may overlap each other and may be independent of each other; correspondingly, the manners of the vias may be the same or different, so as to achieve electrical connection with each other, which is not limited herein.
  • the electrical connection is realized in the same via region (ie, the same via), which can be implemented by the same via method, which saves the process, for example:
  • the same via region ie, the same via
  • only in the N-type layer region of the photodiode 7 A primary via is formed on the protective layer, and then the corresponding electrode lead, the first transparent electrode 9, and the second transparent electrode layer 10 may be formed in the via region.
  • the protective layer in any of the embodiments of the present invention may include only one of the passivation layer and the first resin layer.
  • the materials of the first resin layer and the second resin layer in any embodiment of the present invention may be the same or different, and the function thereof is to planarize, and an inorganic insulating film such as silicon nitride may be used. Etc., or an organic insulating film such as a resin material or the like.
  • Embodiment 7 of the present invention provides a photodiode which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a photodiode according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
  • the photodiode provided in this embodiment can obtain a new structure of the photodiode by changing the fabrication sequence of the photodiode, which can effectively avoid the contamination of the intrinsic amorphous silicon by the implantation of boron ions and improve the photoelectric performance of the photodiode.
  • Embodiment 8 of the present invention provides a substrate of an X-ray detector, and the substrate of the X-ray detector is manufactured by using the substrate of the X-ray detector in the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment.
  • the substrate of the X-ray detector is manufactured by using the substrate of the X-ray detector in the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment.
  • the substrate of an X-ray detector provided by the embodiment can effectively avoid the contamination of the intrinsic amorphous silicon by the implantation of boron ions by using the photodiode of the new structure, thereby improving the photoelectric performance of the photodiode, thereby improving the The performance of the substrate of the X-ray detector.
  • the first intrinsic ion implantation apparatus in the low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) production line can be utilized.
  • the amorphous silicon film is ion-implanted to form a P-type amorphous silicon film, which avoids the problem that the PECVD in the TFT-LCD factory does not have borane (B2H6) and cannot be fabricated in the substrate, thereby not affecting the production line.
  • the substrate of the X-ray detector is mass produced.
  • the array substrate in the technical solution of the present invention is described as an example of a bottom gate type array substrate (ie, the gate is located below the active layer pattern), which is merely an exemplary description, and It should be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
  • the structure of the array substrate can be changed as needed.
  • the array substrate in the technical solution of the present invention can also adopt a top gate type array substrate (ie, the gate is located above the active layer pattern).
  • the order of fabrication avoids contamination of intrinsic amorphous silicon by boron ion implantation, thereby improving the photoelectric performance of the photodiode.

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Abstract

一种光电二极管及其制造方法、X射线探测器基板及其制造方法。所述光电二极管的制造方法包括:在衬底基板上形成光电二极管,所述光电二极管包括N型层、I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的P型层,所述I型层位于所述P型层之上,所述N型层位于所述I型层之上,通过改变光电二极管的制作顺序,避免了因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染,从而提高了光电二极管的光电性能。

Description

光电二极管及其制造方法、 X射线探测器基板及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及半导体制造技术领域, 具体涉及一种光电二极管及 其制造方法、 X射线探测器基板及其制造方法。 背景技术
X射线检测广泛应用于医疗、 安全、 无损检测、 科研等领域, 在国计民 生中日益发挥着重要作用。 目前, 比较常见的 X射线检测技术是 20世纪 90 年代末出现了 X射线数字照相 (Digital Radio graphy, DR )检测技术。 X射 线数字照相系统中使用了平板探测器( flat panel detector ), 其像元尺寸可小 于 0.1mm, 因而其成像质量及分辨率几乎可与胶片照相媲美, 同时还克服了 胶片照相中表现出来的缺点, 也为图像的计算机处理提供了方便。 根据电子 转换模式不同, 数字化 X射线照相检测可分为直接转换型 (Direct DR)和间接 转换型 ( Indirect DR )。
光电二极管是间接型 X射线探测基板的关键组成,其决定了可见光的吸 收效率, 对于 X射线剂量、 X射线成像的分辨率、 图像的响应速度等关键指 标有很大影响。
光电二极管是在掺杂浓度艮高的 P ( Positive )型和 N(Negative)型半导体 之间生成一层掺杂很低的本征 I(Intrinsic)型层。 由于 I型层吸收系数很小,入 射光可以很容易的进入材料内部被充分吸收而产生大量的电子-空穴对,因此 有较高的光电转换效率。 此外, I层两侧的 P层和 N层 4艮薄, 光生载流子漂 移时间很短, 使器件的响应速度较高。 当光电二极管加有反向偏压时, 则外 加电场和内部电场区内的电场方向相同。 当有光照射二极管时, 并且此外加 光电子能量大于禁带宽度 Eg,那么价带上的电子就会吸收光子能量跃迁到导 带上, 从而形成电子-空穴对, 在耗尽层即本征层内的电子空穴对, 在强电场 作用下, 电子向 N区漂移, 空穴向 P区漂移, 从而形成光电流, 光功率变化 时电流也随之线性变化, 从而将光信号转变为电信号。
目前光电二极管可采用离子注入和活化工艺来制备。 离子注入的方法就 是在真空中、 低温下, 把杂质离子加速, 获得^艮大动能的杂质离子即可以直 接进入半导体中; 同时也会在半导体中产生一些晶格缺陷, 因此在离子注入 后需用低温进行退火或激光退火来消除这些缺陷。 离子注入工艺目的是为了 掺杂硼原子, 在离子注入工艺结束后进行活化工艺, 目的是消除晶格损伤, 并使杂质原子占据晶格位置而被激活。 图 1为 PIN光电二极管离子注入的示 意图, 如图 1所示, 该光电二极管包括从上至下依次设置的 P型层、 I型层 和 N型层, 在进行离子注入的过程中, 杂质会掺入到 P型层, 杂质浓度分布 一般呈现为高斯分布, 并且浓度最高处不是在表面 P型层, 而是在表面以内 的一定深度处即在距表面 Rp处的次表面的 I型层处。 R表示入射离子的平均 路程。
然而, 在采用硼烷(B2H6 )进行离子注入制作光电二极管的时候, 由于 硼离子的注入会渗入到 I型层, 即本征非晶硅中, 从而造成对本征非晶硅的 污染, 进一步会降低光电二极管的光电性能。 发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种光电二极管及其制造方法、 X射线探测器基板 及其制造方法, 通过改变光电二极管的制作顺序, 避免了因硼离子的注入造 成对本征非晶硅的污染, 从而提高光电二极管的光电性能。
根据本发明第一方面, 提供一种光电二极管的制作方法, 该方法包括: 在村底基板上形成光电二极管, 所述光电二极管包括 N型层、 I型层以及经 过离子注入和活化工艺的 P型层, 所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N 型层位于所述 I型层之上。
在一个示例中, 所述在村底基板上形成光电二极管包括:
在村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜;
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
进行构图工艺, 得到所述 P型层、 I型层和 N型层。 在一个示例中, 对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入包括: 对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
根据本发明第二方面,, 提供一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 该 方法包括:
在村底基板上形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管, 所述光电二极管包括 N型 层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层,所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上, 所述 P型层与所述薄膜晶体 管的漏电极电连接。
在一个示例中, 该方法还包括: 在村底基板上形成电极引线, 所述电极 引线与所述 N型层电连接。
在一个示例中, 所述薄膜晶体管包括栅电极、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏 电极, 所述在村底基板上形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管包括:
在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形和源漏金属层; 在所述源漏金属层上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜;
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层;
进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极、 N型层、 I型层和 P型层、 源电极 和漏电极。
在一个示例中, 所述在村底基板上形成电极引线包括:
形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔;
依次形成第二透明电极层和电极引线层, 所述第二透明电极层和所述电 极引线填充于所述过孔内, 以使所述电极引线通过所述第二透明电极层和第 一透明电极与所述 N型层电连接。
在一个示例中, 所述薄膜晶体管包括栅电极、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏 电极;
所述在村底基板上形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管包括: 在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏电极; 在形成有源电极和漏电极的村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜; 对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层;
进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极层和光电二极管。
在一个示例中, 所述在村底基板上形成电极引线包括:
形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔;
依次形成第二透明电极层、 电极引线层和第二树脂层, 所述电极引线通 过所述第二透明电极层和第一透明电极与所述 N型层电连接。
在一个示例中, 所述对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入包括: 对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
根据本发明第三方面, 提供一种光电二极管, 包括: N型层、 I型层以 及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层,所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上。
根据本发明第四方面, 还提供一种 X射线探测器的基板, 包括村底、 位 于所述村底上的薄膜晶体管和光电二极管, 所述光电二极管包括: N型层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层, 所述 I型层位于所述 P 型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上, 所述光电二极管的 N型层与所 述薄膜晶体管电连接。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案, 下面将对实施例的附图作 筒单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例, 而非对本发明的限制。
图 1为现有技术中光电二极管离子注入的示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例一提供的一种光电二极管的结构示意图; 图 3为本发明实施例二提供的一种光电二极管的制造方法流程图; 图 4为本发明实施例三提供的一种 X射线探测器的基板的结构示意图; 图 5为本发明实施例五提供的一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法的流 程图;
图 6为本发明实施例六提供的一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法的流 程图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合本发 明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述。显然, 所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于所描 述的本发明的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本发明实施例一提供了一种光电二极管的制造方法, 该方法包括: 在村 底基板上形成光电二极管, 光电二极管包括 N型层、 I型层以及经过离子注 入和活化工艺的 P型层, I型层位于 P型层之上, N型层位于 I型层之上。
图 2为本发明实施例一中光电二极管的结构示意图, 如图 2所示, 该光 电二极管包括: 位于村底基板上的 P型层、 位于 P型层上的 I型层及位于 I 型层上的 N型层。 其中, P型层通过离子注入和活化工艺制作得到, 采用离 子注入用于掺杂硼离子, 活化工艺用于消除晶格损伤, 使杂质原子占据晶格 位置而被激活。
本发明实施例通过首先制作 P型层, 使硼离子掺杂到 P型层, 再制作 I 型层和 N型层, 可以有效避免因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染, 提 高光电二极管的光电性能。 实施例二
图 3为本发明实施例二提供的一种光电二极管的制造方法的流程图, 如 图 3所示, 该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤 301: 在村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜。 例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在村底上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜。 步骤 302: 通过对第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后 的第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
离子注入的方式可以是离子沐^ 杂( Ion shower dog )或者离子注入掺 杂(Ion implantation dog )。 活化工艺可以采用退火炉退火(OVEN )或者采 用快速热退火( rapid thermal anneal, RTA )。
优选地, 对第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入可包括: 对上述第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。 在实际生产中, 可采用硼烷(B2H6 )对第一本 征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
步骤 303: 在 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I 型非晶硅薄膜;
例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在 P型非晶硅薄膜形成第二本征非晶 硅薄膜。
步骤 304: 在 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅 薄膜。
步骤 305: 进行构图工艺, 得到 N型层、 I型层和 P型层。
例如, 对 N型非晶硅薄膜进行光刻胶涂覆、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀、 光刻胶剥离, 从而得到光电二极管中的 N型层、 I型层和 P型层。 优 选地, N型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ , I型层的厚度为 500θΑ~1500θΑ, 所述 P型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ。
在本发明实施例中所提及的构图工艺, 可以包括光刻胶涂覆、 掩模板掩 模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀、 光刻胶剥离等部分或全部的工艺过程, 还可以包括 其他工艺过程, 以形成所需构图的图形为准, 在此不做限定。 例如, 在显影 之后和刻蚀之前还可以包括后烘工艺。 其中, 刻蚀可以为干法刻蚀或者湿法 刻蚀。
本实施例提供的光电二极管的制造方法中, 通过对第一本征非晶硅薄膜 进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 P型非晶硅薄膜, 在 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶硅薄膜, 并在 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜, 最后进行构 图工艺, 得到 N型层、 I型层和 P型层, 通过改变 N型层、 I型层和 P型层 制作顺序, 制作得到新结构的光电二极管, 可以有效避免因硼离子的注入造 成对本征非晶硅的污染, 提高光电二极管的光电性能。 实施例三
本发明实施例三提供了一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法,该方法包 括: 在村底基板上形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管以及电极引线, 光电二极管 包括 N型层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层, I型层位于 P型层之上, N型层位于 I型层之上, P型层与薄膜晶体管的漏电极电连接, 电极引线与 N型层电连接。
本实施例提供的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法,在村底基板上形成薄 膜晶体管、 光电二极管以及电极引线, P型层与薄膜晶体管的漏电极电连接, 电极引线与 N型层电连接, 通过采用新结构顺序的光电二极管, 提高了光电 二极管的光电性能, 从而提高了 X射线探测器的基板的性能。 实施例四
图 4为本发明实施例四中的一种 X射线探测器的基板的结构示意图。如 图 4所示, 该 X射线探测器的基板包括: 村底基板 20; 形成在村底基板上的 栅电极 1;形成在栅电极 1上的栅绝缘层 2;形成在形成有栅电极 1的村底基 板 20上的有源层图形; 源电极 51和漏电极 52; 有源层图形包括非晶硅层 3 和 N型非晶硅层 4, N型非晶硅层 4即为欧姆接触层;形成在漏电极 52上的 光电二极管 7, 光电二极管 7的 P型层与漏电极 52电连接; 形成在光电二极 管 7上的第一透明电极 9, 第一透明电极 9可以采用透明导电材料制成, 例 如可以是铟锡氧化物 (ITO )或铟辞氧化物 (IZO )等; 形成在源电极 51、 漏电极 52、 第一透明电极 9之上的保护层, 保护层包括钝化层 6和第一树脂 层 8, 第一树脂层 8位于钝化层 6上, 保护层上形成有过孔, 该过孔位于光 电二极管 7的上方, 具体地形成于钝化层 6和第一树脂层 8中; 形成在第一 树脂层 8上的第二透明电极层 10, 第二透明电极层 10可以采用透明导电材 料制成, 可以和第一透明电极 9的材料相同或不同, 例如可以是铟锡氧化物 ( ITO )或铟辞氧化物 (IZO )等; 形成在第二透明电极层 10上的电极引线 11; 电极引线 11通过过孔与光电二极管 7的 N型层连接。 具体地, 在过孔 区域, 电极引线 11通过第一透明电极 9和第二透明电极层 10与光电二极管 7的 N型层进行电连接; 形成在第二透明电极层 10和电极引线 11上的第二 树脂层 12。
本实施例提供的 X射线探测器的基板, 采用新结构顺序的光电二极管, 提高了光电二极管的光电性能, 从而提高了 X射线探测器的基板的性能。 实施例五
图 5 为本发明实施例五的一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法的流程 图, 如图 5所示, 该制造方法包括如下步骤:
步骤 501: 在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形和源漏金 属层。
首先, 提供一村底基板, 在村底基板上形成栅金属层, 之后对栅金属层 进行光刻胶涂覆、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀、 光刻胶剥离, 从而形成 栅电极; 然后, 在完成上述步骤之后的村底基板上形成栅绝缘层; 其次, 在 栅绝缘层上依次形成非晶硅层和 N型非晶硅层,之后对 P型非晶硅层进行涂 覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀、 光刻胶剥离, 从而形成有源层 图形; 最后, 在形成有有源层图形的村底基板上形成源漏金属层。 在形成栅 电极的过程中, 还可以同时形成与栅电极相连的栅线。 其中, 栅金属层可以 是单层金属层; 或者栅金属层也可以是金属复合层, 则栅金属层的材料可以 是 AlNd/Cr/CrNx、 AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al、 Al/Mo或 Mo/Al/Mo , 也可 以是由 Cu和其他緩沖金属组成, 例如 Mo、 Nb和 Ti等。
步骤 502: 在源漏金属层上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜。
例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在上述源漏金属层上形成第一本征非 晶硅薄膜。
步骤 503: 通过对上述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注 入后的第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜。
离子注入的方式可以是离子沐^ 杂( Ion shower dog )或者离子注入掺 杂(Ion implantation dog ), 活化工艺可以采用退火炉退火( OVEN ), 或者采 用快速热退火( rapid thermal anneal,筒称: RTA )。 优选地, 对第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入可包括: 对上述第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。 在实际生产中, 可采用硼烷(B2H6 )对第一本 征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
步骤 504: 在上述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜。
例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在上述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本 征非晶硅薄膜。
步骤 505: 在上述第二本征非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜。
例如: 可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在上述第二本征非晶硅薄膜上形成 N 型非晶硅薄膜。
步骤 506: 在上述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层。
第一透明电极层的材料可以采用 ITO或 IZO。
步骤 507: 进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极、 光电二极管、 源电极和 漏电极。
例如, 步骤 507可包括:
首先, 对第一透明电极层进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀以及剥离形成第一透明电极; 然后, 在完成上述步骤的村底基板上进行 光刻胶涂覆、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀以及剥离形成光电二极管的图 形; 最后, 在完成上述步骤之后的村底基板上涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝 光、 显影、 刻蚀以及剥离形成源电极和漏电极的图形。
在光电二极管中, N型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ , I型层的厚度为 5000
A-15000A, P型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ。
在形成源电极和漏电极的过程中, 还可以同时形成与源电极相连的数据 线。
可选地, 第一透明电极可通过构图工艺单独形成。
步骤 508: 形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔。
保护层包括: 钝化层和第一树脂层。 依次形成钝化层和第一树脂层, 采 用掩模板对第一树脂层进行曝光、 显影, 然后对暴露的钝化层进行刻蚀, 得 到过孔。
其中, 钝化层材料可以是以下的一种或多种的组合物: SiNx (氮化硅)、 SiOx (氧化硅)、 SiOxNy (氮氧化硅)。 步骤 509: 形成第二透明电极层和电极引线, 第二透明电极层和电极引 线填充于过孔内, 以使电极引线通过第二透明电极层和第一透明电极与 N型 层电连接。
首先, 在第一树脂层上形成第二透明电极层; 为避免对第一树脂层造成 破坏, 第二透明电极层可以采用低温形成; 然后, 在第二透明电极层上形成 引线金属, 对引线金属进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影以及刻蚀 形成电极引线; 最后, 在电极引线之上形成第二树脂层。 可选地, 根据需要, 还可以对第二树脂层进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影以及刻蚀形 成第二树脂层的图形。 其中, 第二透明电极层的材料可以采用 ITO或 IZO。 引线金属的材料可以是 Mo、 AlNd/Mo、 Mo/AlNd/Mo、 Al、 Al/Mo或 Mo/Al/Mo , 或者还可以是由 Cu和其他緩沖金属组成, 例如 Mo、 Nb和 Ti等。
本实施例提供的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法,通过先形成光电二极 管之后, 再形成薄膜晶体管的源电极和漏电极, 采用离子注入和活化工艺制 作得到新结构的光电二极管,可以避免硼离子注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染, 提高了光电二极管的光电性能, 从而提高 X射线探测器的基板的性能。 实施例六
图 6为本发明实施例六提供的一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法,该 制造方法包括如下步骤:
步骤 601: 在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形、 源电极 和漏电极。
首先, 提供一村底基板, 在村底基板上形成栅金属, 之后对栅金属层进 行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影以及刻蚀形成栅电极, 然后, 在完 成上述步骤之后的村底基板上形成栅绝缘层, 其次, 在栅绝缘层上依次形成 非晶硅层和 P型非晶硅层, 之后在完成上述步骤之后的村底基板上涂覆光刻 胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影以及刻蚀形成有源层图形, 最后, 在形成有有 源层图形的村底基板上形成源漏金属层, 之后, 在完成上述步骤的村底基板 上涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀及剥离形成源电极和漏电极 的图形。 在形成栅电极的过程中, 还可以同时形成与栅电极相连的栅线, 以 及与源电极相连的数据线。 其中, 栅金属层可以是单层金属层; 或者栅金属 层也可以是金属复合层,则栅金属层的材料可以是 AlNd/Cr/CrNx、 AlNd/Mo、 Mo/AlNd/Mo、 Al、 Al/Mo或 Mo/Al/Mo, 也可以是由 Cu和其他緩沖金属组 成, 例如 Mo、 Nb和 Ti等。
步骤 602: 在形成有源电极和漏电极的村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅 薄膜。
可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在形成有源电极和漏电极的村底基板上形成 第一本征非晶硅薄膜。
步骤 603: 通过对上述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注 入后的第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜。
离子注入的方式可以是离子沐^ 杂( Ion shower dog )或者离子注入掺 杂(Ion implantation dog ), 活化工艺可以采用退火炉退火( OVEN ), 或者采 用快速热退火( rapid thermal anneal, RTA )。
优选地, 对第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入具体可包括: 对上述第一 本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。 在实际生产中, 可采用硼烷(B2H6 )对第 一本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
步骤 604: 在上述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜。
可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在上述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶 硅薄膜。
步骤 605: 在上述第二本征非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜。
可以采用 PECVD等方法, 在上述第二本征非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶 硅薄膜。
步骤 606: 在上述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层。
第一透明电极层可以采用 ITO或 IZO。
步骤 607: 进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极、 光电二极管。
首先, 对第一透明电极层进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀以及剥离形成第一透明电极, 然后, 在完成上述步骤的村底基板上涂覆 光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影、 刻蚀以及剥离形成光电二极管的图形。
在光电二极管中, N型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ, I型层的厚度为 5000 A-15000A , P型层的厚度为 20θΑ~70θΑ。 可选地, 第一透明电极可通过构图工艺单独形成。
步骤 608: 形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔。
保护层包括钝化层和第一树脂层,对第一树脂层进行掩模板掩模、曝光、 显影后, 再对暴露的钝化层进行刻蚀, 得到过孔。
其中, 钝化层材料可以是以下的一种或多种组合物: SiNx (氮化硅)、
SiOx (氧化硅)、 SiOxNy (氮氧化硅)。
步骤 609: 形成第二透明电极层和电极引线, 第二透明电极层和电极引 线填充于过孔内, 以使电极引线通过第二透明电极层和第一透明电极与 N型 层电连接。
首先, 在第一树脂层上形成第二透明电极层; 为避免对第一树脂层造成 破坏, 第二透明电极层可以采用低温形成, 然后, 在第二透明电极层上形成 引线金属, 对引线金属上进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板对掩模、 曝光、 显影以及 刻蚀形成电极引线的图形, 最后, 在电极引线的图形之上形成第二树脂层, 根据需要, 还可以对第二树脂层进行涂覆光刻胶、 掩模板掩模、 曝光、 显影 以及刻蚀形成第二树脂层的图形。 其中, 第二透明电极层可以采用 ITO或 IZOo 引线金属的材料可以是 Mo、 AlNd/Mo, Mo/AlNd/Mo, Al、 A謹 o或 Mo/Al/Mo, 或者还可以是由 Cu和其他緩沖金属组成, 例如 Mo、 Nb和 Ti 等。 本实施例提供的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 通过先形成源电极和 漏电极, 再形成光电二极管, 可以有效避免因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶 硅的污染, 提高了光电二极管的光电性能, 从而提高了 X射线探测器的基板 的性能。
实施例五和实施例六的区别在于: 实施例五中, 先形成光电二极管的图 形之后, 再形成源电极和漏电极的图形, 在实施例六中, 先形成源电极和漏 电极的图形, 再形成光电二极管的图形。
可以理解的是, 本发明任一实施例中的电极引线、 第一透明电极 9、 第 二透明电极层 10以及光电二极管 7的 N型层相互间通过过孔的方式进行电 连接, 这些过孔的区域可以相互重叠, 可以相互独立; 相应的, 过孔的方式 可以相同或不同, 以实现相互间的电连接为准, 在此不做限定。 优选的, 在 同一过孔区域(即同一过孔) 实现电连接, 这样可以采用相同的过孔方式实 现, 节省工艺, 例如: 在上述实施例中, 只需在光电二极管 7的 N型层区域 的保护层上形成有一次过孔, 后续在该过孔区域形成相应的电极引线、 第一 透明电极 9、 第二透明电极层 10即可。
可以理解的是, 本发明任一实施例中的所述保护层可以仅包括钝化层和 第一树脂层的其中之一。
可以理解的是, 本发明任一实施例中的第一树脂层和第二树脂层的材料 可以相同或可以不同, 其作用为起到平坦化的目的, 可以采用无机绝缘膜, 例如氮化硅等, 或有机绝缘膜, 例如树脂材料等。
实施例七
本发明实施例七提供了一种光电二极管, 该光电二极管采用上述实施例 一或实施例二中的光电二极管的制造方法制造。
本实施例提供的光电二极管, 通过改变光电二极管的制作顺序得到新结 构的光电二极管, 可以有效避免因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染, 提高光电二极管的光电性能。 实施例八
本发明实施例八提供了一种 X射线探测器的基板,该 X射线探测器的基 板通过采用上述实施例三、 实施例四、 实施例五或实施例六中的 X射线探测 器的基板制造方法制造, 其具体实施方式请参见实施例三、 实施例四、 实施 例五或实施例六, 此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的一种 X射线探测器的基板,通过采用新结构的光电二极 管, 可以有效避免因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染, 提高了光电二 极管的光电性能, 从而提高了 X射线探测器的基板的性能。
在本发明的所有实施例中,在对间接型 X射线探测器基板的制作方法中, 可以利用低温多晶硅( Low Temperature Ploy Silicon,筒称: LTPS )产线中的 离子注入设备对第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入,以形成 P型非晶硅薄膜, 避免了 TFT-LCD工厂中 PECVD没有硼烷( B2H6 ) 而不能进行基板中光电 二极管制作的问题,从而不影响在产线上对 X射线探测器的基板进行大规模 生产。
需要说明的是,本发明技术方案中的阵列基板是以底栅型阵列基板(即: 栅极位于有源层图形的下方) 为例进行描述的, 其仅是一种示例性描述, 不 应成为对本发明保护范围的限制。 在实际应用中可根据需要对阵列基板的结 构进行变更, 例如: 本发明技术方案中的阵列基板还可以采用顶栅型阵列基 板(即: 栅极位于有源层图形的上方)。
以上光电二极管及其制造方法、 X射线探测器基板及其制造方法, 通过 采用离子注入和活化工艺制作光电二极管, 并且利用该制造方法得到的光电 二极管来制作 X射线探测器基板, 通过改变光电二极管的制作顺序, 避免了 因硼离子的注入造成对本征非晶硅的污染, 从而提高了光电二极管的光电性 能。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式, 而非用于限制本发明的保护范 围, 本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种光电二极管的制造方法, 包括: 在村底基板上形成光电二极管, 所述光电二极管包括 N型层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P 型层, 所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的光电二极管的制造方法,其中所述在村底基板 上形成光电二极管包括:
在村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜;
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
进行构图工艺, 得到所述 N型层、 I型层和 P型层。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的光电二极管的制造方法,其中所述对所述第一 本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入包括:
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
4、 一种 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 包括:
在村底基板上形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管, 所述光电二极管包括 N型 层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层,所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上, 所述 P型层与所述薄膜晶体 管的漏电极电连接。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 还包括: 在村底基板上形成电极引线, 所述电极引线与所述 N型层电连接。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 其中所述 薄膜晶体管包括栅电极、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏电极, 所述在村底基板上 形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管包括:
在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形和源漏金属层; 在所述源漏金属层上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜;
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层;
进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极、 N型层、 I型层和 P型层、 源电极 和漏电极。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 其中所述 在村底基板上形成电极引线包括:
形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔;
依次形成第二透明电极层和电极引线层, 所述第二透明电极层和所述电 极引线填充于所述过孔内, 以使所述电极引线通过所述第二透明电极层和第 一透明电极与所述 N型层电连接。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 其中所述 薄膜晶体管包括栅电极、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏电极; 所述在村底基板上 形成薄膜晶体管、 光电二极管包括:
在村底基板上形成栅电极、 栅绝缘层、 有源层图形、 源电极和漏电极; 在形成有源电极和漏电极的村底基板上形成第一本征非晶硅薄膜; 对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入, 并对离子注入后的第一本征 非晶硅薄膜进行活化工艺, 形成 p型非晶硅薄膜;
在所述 P型非晶硅薄膜上形成第二本征非晶硅薄膜, 用于形成 I型非晶 硅薄膜;
在所述 I型非晶硅薄膜上形成 N型非晶硅薄膜; 在所述 N型非晶硅薄膜上形成第一透明电极层;
进行构图工艺, 形成第一透明电极层和光电二极管。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 其中所述 在村底基板上形成电极引线包括:
形成保护层, 并在保护层上形成过孔;
依次形成第二透明电极层、 电极引线层和第二树脂层, 所述电极引线通 过所述第二透明电极层和第一透明电极与所述 N型层电连接。
10、 根据权利要求 6或 8所述的 X射线探测器的基板的制造方法, 其中 所述对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行离子注入包括:
对所述第一本征非晶硅薄膜进行硼离子注入。
11、 一种光电二极管, 包括: N型层、 I型层以及经过离子注入和活化 工艺形成的 P型层, 所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述
I型层之上。
12、 一种 X射线探测器的基板, 包括村底基板、 位于所述村底基板上的 薄膜晶体管和光电二极管, 其中所述光电二极管包括: N型层、 I型层以及 经过离子注入和活化工艺形成的 P型层, 所述 I型层位于所述 P型层之上, 所述 N型层位于所述 I型层之上,所述光电二极管的 N型层与所述薄膜晶体 管电连接。
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