WO2014166361A1 - 铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置 - Google Patents

铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014166361A1
WO2014166361A1 PCT/CN2014/074789 CN2014074789W WO2014166361A1 WO 2014166361 A1 WO2014166361 A1 WO 2014166361A1 CN 2014074789 W CN2014074789 W CN 2014074789W WO 2014166361 A1 WO2014166361 A1 WO 2014166361A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking device
lock
working
plate
side door
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/074789
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘翀原
丁汉平
王宝磊
姚春良
景传峰
刘凤伟
Original Assignee
南车长江车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 南车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 南车长江车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2014166361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014166361A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C19/00—Other devices specially designed for securing wings, e.g. with suction cups
    • E05C19/10—Hook fastenings; Fastenings in which a link engages a fixed hook-like member
    • E05C19/12—Hook fastenings; Fastenings in which a link engages a fixed hook-like member pivotally mounted around an axis
    • E05C19/14—Hook fastenings; Fastenings in which a link engages a fixed hook-like member pivotally mounted around an axis with toggle action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B83/00—Vehicle locks specially adapted for particular types of wing or vehicle
    • E05B83/02—Locks for railway freight-cars, freight containers or the like; Locks for the cargo compartments of commercial lorries, trucks or vans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of railway transportation equipment, in particular to a lower side door locking device for a railway open car. Background technique
  • the railway gondola In order to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo and cleaning, the railway gondola generally has a top-down lower side door on both sides of the vehicle body.
  • Each lower side door adopts two lower side door locking devices, and the lower side door locking device can be divided into a buckle type locking device and a double buckle type locking device.
  • the buckle iron of the snap-type locking device rotates along the center of the bolt to realize the opening and locking of the door.
  • the buckle iron falls in the buckle seat groove by its own gravity, and its weight is 4.72kg/piece.
  • the buckle of this kind of locking device may be tripped during the movement of the vehicle and when the dumper unloads (at this time, the vehicle will be turned over 170°). In order to prevent the safety of the buckle, a large number of irons will be used.
  • the folding of the door hinges not only wastes manpower, material resources, financial resources, but also affects the efficiency of loading and unloading.
  • the two-stage locking Chinese buckle-type locking device is improved by a buckle.
  • a layer of buckle iron is added to the buckle-type locking device to realize two-stage locking, and a lock iron is added to prevent the buckle iron from being in the vehicle. 6 ⁇ / ⁇
  • the weight of the jump is 11. 6kg / piece.
  • the present invention provides a lower side door locking device for a railway gondola, which can ensure that the vibration during running of the vehicle and the turning of the upper turning machine do not cause the locking device to open without the need of wire binding.
  • the lower side door locking device of the railway gondola includes:
  • a lock base comprising a bottom plate and two vertical plates; the bottom plate is fixedly disposed on the body of the gondola, two of the vertical plates are parallel to each other and vertically fixed to the bottom plate; and the two of the vertical plates are The upper portion is symmetrically provided with a vertical plate hole; the lower ends of the two vertical plates are symmetrically provided with a first working groove, and the opening of the first working groove is downward;
  • a lock plate a lower end of the lock plate is provided with a lock connecting hole; a middle of the lock plate is provided with a pressing head, and the pressing head is used for pressing the door folding when the locking device is in a locked state;
  • a working shaft is respectively disposed at two ends of the indenter, and the working shaft is matched with the first working slot; Piece;
  • a latch includes: a first connecting post and two elastic arms; the first connecting post is located in the latch connecting hole, and the latch can surround the first connecting post at the latch connecting hole Rotating, the stopper is configured to limit a rotation range of the buckle; two ends of the first connecting column are respectively fixedly connected with one ends of the two elastic arms, and the other end of the elastic arm is provided with a first a second connecting post; the second connecting post is located in the vertical plate hole, the buckle is rotatable in the vertical plate hole around the second connecting post; the locking device has a first dead point, The first dead point is located at a center of the first working slot, and the locking device can open and lock the locking device after the first dead point is under the action of an external force.
  • the locking device further includes a limiting block, and the third connecting post is respectively disposed on the two sides of the limiting block, the bottom plate has an accommodating space, and the limiting space is connected on both sides of the accommodating space a slot, the limiting block is movably connected to the limiting block connecting slot through the third connecting post, and the limiting block is rotatable on the bottom plate around the third connecting post, the limiting block Cooperating with the indenter to tighten the door hinge; the lower ends of the two vertical plates are respectively provided with a symmetrical second working slot, the second working slot opening downward, the working axis and the first The working slots are matched, and the distance between the second working slot and the bottom plate is greater than the distance between the first working slot and the bottom plate;
  • the locking device has a second dead point, the second dead point is located at the center of the second working slot, and the locking device can realize the locking device after the second dead point is under the action of an external force Open and lock.
  • the locking device includes an elastic member disposed in the accommodating space, and the elastic member is in a pre-compressed state, so that the limiting block is subjected to the action of the elastic member. The force is tight.
  • the locking device includes a limiting pad, and the limiting pad is disposed between the elastic element and the limiting block.
  • the elastic element is a spring plate or an elastic rubber.
  • the elastic element is composed of two cylindrical springs, and the limiting pad is provided with two protrusions that cooperate with the cylindrical spring, and the limiting pad is disposed on the cylindrical spring and the limit Between the blocks, for fixing the cylindrical spring.
  • the locking device has a third dead point, and the third dead point is a convex circle provided on the pressing head, and the convex circle is located at a contact point between the pressing head and the door hinge When the locking device is in the locked state, the pressing head passes the third dead point.
  • a middle hole is formed in a middle portion of the lower end of the lock plate for inserting the crowbar.
  • the upper end of the vertical plate is provided with a groove.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the lock buckle adopts the principle of over-dead point, the lock can only be opened or closed by the external force. Device, so the locking device will not be in the running of the vehicle and when the upper dumper is turned over By mistaken opening, it is no longer necessary to bundle the door hinge with the locking device with wire, which saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, improves work efficiency, and can effectively lock even after the door is deformed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lower side door locking device for a railway gondola according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a lower side door locking device for a railway open car according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a side view of a lower side door locking device for a railway gondola according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a lower side door locking device for a railway open car in a first-stage locking according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower side door locking device for a railway open car in a second-stage locking according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a lower side door locking device for a railway gondola, and the locking device includes a lock seat 1, a lock plate 2 and a lock 3.
  • the lock seat 1 is a cast steel piece and includes a bottom plate 101 and two vertical plates 102.
  • the bottom plate 101 is provided with a mounting hole. The position and size of the mounting hole are the same as those of the existing gondola.
  • the connection between the bottom plate 101 and the vehicle body can be riveted or bolted, and the rivet connection is preferred.
  • the two vertical plates 102 are parallel to each other and vertically fixed to the bottom plate 101; the upper portions of the two vertical plates 102 are symmetrically provided with the vertical plate holes 103; the lower ends of the two vertical plates 102 are provided with a first working groove 104 and a second working groove
  • the openings of the first working slot 104 and the second working slot 105 are all downwards to ensure that the cargo does not accumulate on the working surface, and the influence of the cargo accumulation on the locking performance can be avoided.
  • the distance between the second working slot 105 and the bottom plate 101 is greater than the distance between the first working slot 104 and the bottom plate 101; the upper ends of the two vertical plates 102 are provided with grooves
  • the lock plate 2 or the lock 3 can be bundled with the lock seat 1.
  • the lock plate 2 is a forged steel piece (die forged) or a cast steel piece, and the lower end is provided with a lock connecting hole 201; the upper end of the lock plate 2 is provided with a pressing head 202, and the pressing head is used for the door when the locking device is locked Fold 7 is pressed.
  • the working head 203 is respectively disposed at two ends of the pressing head 202, and the working shaft 203 is matched with the first working groove 104 or the second working groove 105; the two sides of the locking plate 2 are respectively provided with the stopper 204.
  • the middle of the lower end of the lock plate 2 is provided with a square hole 205 which can be designed only by inserting a standard crowbar 8 (special tool) to limit the insertion of a general stick.
  • the lock 3 is spring steel, and includes a first connecting post 301 and two elastic arms 302.
  • the elastic arm 302 is bent to a certain degree of curvature so as to have an elastic deformation amount when stretched.
  • the first connecting post 301 is located in the latch connecting hole 201, and the latch 3 is rotatable around the first connecting post 301 in the latch connecting hole 201, and the stopper 204 is used for limiting the range of rotation of the latch 3.
  • the two ends of the first connecting post 301 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the two elastic arms 302, and the other end of the elastic arm 302 is provided with a second connecting post 303; the second connecting post 303 is located in the vertical plate hole 103, and the latch 3 can be Rotating in the vertical plate hole 103 around the second connecting post 303.
  • the locking device provided in this embodiment has a first dead point, and the first dead point is located at the center of the first working slot 104, and the locking buckle 3 can be locked after the first dead point under the action of an external force.
  • Device open and Locked The specific working principle is that the lock 3 forms a triangle with the lock seat 1 and the fulcrum of the lock plate 2, the fulcrum of the lock 3 and the lock seat 1 is the first fulcrum, and the fulcrum of the lock 3 and the lock plate 2 is the first The fulcrum, the fulcrum of the lock seat 1 and the lock plate 2 is the third fulcrum.
  • the distance between the first fulcrum and the second fulcrum is 160 mm
  • the distance between the first fulcrum and the third fulcrum is 66 mm
  • the second fulcrum and the The distance between the three fulcrums is 97mm, 66mm+97mm> 160mm
  • the interference is 3mm (the number can be adjusted).
  • the lock 3 must be extended by 3mm after the first dead point with a certain external force F to open or Locking the locking device.
  • the locking device further has a third dead point, and the third dead point is an upper deviation ⁇ provided on the pressing head 202.
  • the force is applied to the cargo side pressure in the lower door panel. The greater the force, the greater the friction force.
  • the lock, the lock plate and the lock seat promote the linkage mechanism, and have the functions of guiding function and lever.
  • the door can be conveniently opened, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing universal open car bears the cargo side pressure and then opens the door. Difficult question.
  • the pressure head of the lock plate has a pressing force on the door hinge, and the lower side door can be effectively locked by the lock plate even after the door fold is deformed.
  • the F force can also be set to be unmovable by hand. Only the standard crowbar 8 can be inserted into the square hole 205 to apply force upward or downward. As shown in FIG. 4, the buckle 3 is over-dead to open. Or the purpose of locking the locking device. In addition to preventing the locking device from being disengaged while the vehicle is moving, this design also prevents others from easily opening the door to steal the goods.
  • the locking device provided in this embodiment is also provided.
  • the locking device further includes a limiting block 4, an elastic member 5 and a limiting pad 6.
  • a third connecting post 401 is disposed on each side of the limiting block 4, and the bottom plate 101 has an accommodating space, and the limiting block connecting groove 107 is disposed on both sides of the accommodating space, and the limiting block 4 passes through the third connecting post 401
  • the block connecting groove 107 is movably connected, and the limiting block 4 is rotatable on the bottom plate 101 around the third connecting post 401.
  • the elastic member 5 is composed of two cylindrical springs, and is pre-compressed in the accommodating space, and the limiting pad 6 is arranged. There are two protrusions 601 which cooperate with the cylindrical spring.
  • the limiting pad 6 is disposed between the elastic member 5 and the limiting block 4 for fixing the elastic member 5.
  • the limiting block 4 is always under the force of the elastic element 5 and does not shake. When the secondary locking is required, the limiting block 4 is lifted up 90. , cooperate with the indenter 202 to close the door hinge 7. When the second level is locked, the door seam can pass through the wire rope below 18mm.
  • the elastic element can also be made of an elastic rubber or a spring plate, in which case the limit pad 6 can be eliminated, so that the elastic rubber or spring plate acts directly on the stop block 4.
  • a limiting pad having no protrusion 601 may be disposed between the elastic rubber and the limiting block or between the spring plate and the limiting block.
  • the secondary locking also adopts the principle of over-dead.
  • the locking device has a second dead point, which is located at the center of the second working slot 105, and the locking buckle 3 acts on the external force. After the second dead point is reached, the locking device can be opened and locked.
  • the ram 202 passes the third dead point, which prevents the lock from being accidentally opened during the running of the vehicle or when the upper turner is turned over.
  • the locking seat of the present invention can be divided into left and right parts, which is consistent with the existing gondola; and for the newly designed open car model
  • the lock seat can be arranged in a left or right and symmetric arrangement to simplify the parts and prevent misassembly.
  • the locking device can prevent the lock from being accidentally opened during the running of the vehicle and disengaged when the dumper is unloaded without the wire binding, which can solve the inertia problem of the wire binding required for the buckle used in the universal open-car. It saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, and can also improve work efficiency; it can be effectively locked even after the door hinge is deformed to ensure safety.
  • the buckle locking device used in the gondola does not have space for wearing the wire rope.
  • the locking device realizes the secondary locking.
  • the door can pass through the wire rope with the diameter of 18mm or less, and the door plate can be restricted from contacting the wire rope, so as to prevent the wire rope of the binding goods from being rubbed and broken.
  • the locking device has the function increased but the number of parts remains unchanged, which is convenient for manufacturing, maintenance and overhaul; wherein the locking seat and the limiting pad can be made by a precision casting process, the locking plate
  • the die forging or precision casting process can be used, and the manufacturing process is simple and suitable for mass production.
  • the maximum height of the locking device is controlled within 100mm, and the gap between the locking seat and the locking plate is facing downward, which can avoid the influence of cargo accumulation on the locking performance.
  • the weight of the locking device shall not exceed 5kg/piece, which is equivalent to the snap-on locking device of the existing gondola, and does not increase the invalid transport weight.
  • the lock seat in the locking device is connected with the car body by means of rivets, which can prevent off-closure and anti-theft; and the installation size (position and size of the mounting hole) is the same as that of the existing gondola, which not only ensures interchangeability, but also ensures interchangeability. Conducive to the renewal of existing vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

一种铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置，包括锁座（1）、锁板（2）和锁扣（3），锁板（2）上端的工作轴与锁座（1）的第一工作槽（104）配合，锁扣（3）的上端可在锁座（1）上的立板孔（103）内转动，锁扣（3）的下端可在锁板（2）下端的锁扣（3）连接孔（201）内转动，锁扣（3）在外力的作用下具有弹性变形量。所述锁闭装置具有第一死点，第一死点位于第一工作槽（104）的中心，锁扣（3）在外力作用下过第一死点后才能实现所述锁闭装置打开和锁紧。在车辆运行中以及上翻车机翻转时锁闭装置不会误开，提高了工作效率。

Description

铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置 技术领域
本发明涉及铁路运输设备技术领域，具体涉及一种铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装 置。 背景技术
为了方便装卸货物及清扫， 铁路敞车一般在车体两侧设有上翻式下侧门。 每扇下侧门采用 2个下侧门锁闭装置， 下侧门锁闭装置可分为搭扣式锁闭装置 和双搭扣式锁闭装置。
搭扣式锁闭装置的扣铁沿螺栓中心旋转以实现车门的开启及锁闭，锁闭时 扣铁靠自身重力落在搭扣座槽内， 其重量为 4. 72kg/个。 此种锁闭装置的扣铁 在车辆运动中以及翻车机卸货时 （此时车辆将翻转 170° 左右）可能跳开， 为 防止扣铁跳开发生安全事故， 现车大量采用铁丝将扣铁与门折页捆绑在一起， 不但浪费人力、 物力、 财力， 而且影响装卸货效率。
两级锁闭的汉搭扣式锁闭装置由搭扣改进而成，在搭扣式锁闭装置上增加 了一层扣铁以实现两级锁闭，还增设了锁铁防止扣铁在车辆运动中跳开，其重 量为 11. 6kg/个。 此种锁闭装置虽然可以防止扣铁在车辆运动中跳开， 但不能 防止其在翻车机卸货时脱开， 使用时仍需铁丝捆绑。
综上所述，现有技术中的下侧门锁闭装置均存在锁闭不良的问题， 不能同 时防止扣铁在车辆运动中及翻车机卸货时跳开。 发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题提供一种铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置，无需铁丝捆 绑即可保证车辆运行中的振动及上翻车机翻转不会造成锁闭装置打开。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明采用的技术方案为：
铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 包括：
一锁座，包括一底板和两个立板；所述底板固定设置在所述敞车的车体上， 两个所述立板相互平行并且垂直固定于所述底板；两个所述立板的上部对称设 有立板孔； 两个所述立板的下端对称设有第一工作槽， 所述第一工作槽的开口 向下；
一锁板， 所述锁板下端设有锁扣连接孔； 所述锁板上端中间设有压头， 所 述压头用于在所述锁闭装置为锁紧状态时将门折页压紧；所述压头的两端分别 设有工作轴， 所述工作轴与所述第一工作槽相配合； 所述锁板两侧分别设有挡 块；
一锁扣， 包括： 第一连接柱和两个弹力臂； 所述第一连接柱位于所述锁扣 连接孔中， 所述锁扣可围绕所述第一连接柱在所述锁扣连接孔中转动， 所述挡 块用于限制所述锁扣的转动范围；所述第一连接柱的两端分别与两个所述弹力 臂的一端固定连接， 所述弹力臂的另一端设有第二连接柱； 所述第二连接柱位 于所述立板孔中， 所述锁扣可围绕所述第二连接柱在所述立板孔中转动； 所述锁闭装置具有第一死点， 所述第一死点位于所述第一工作槽的中心， 所述锁扣在外力作用下过所述第一死点后可实现所述锁闭装置打开和锁紧。
进一步地，所述锁闭装置还包括限位块，所述限位块两侧分别设有第三连 接柱， 所述底板具有一容置空间， 所述容置空间两侧设有限位块连接槽， 所述 限位块通过所述第三连接柱与所述限位块连接槽活动连接，所述限位块可围绕 所述第三连接柱在所述底板上旋转，所述限位块与所述压头相配合顶紧所述门 折页； 所述两个立板下端分别设有对称的第二工作槽， 所述第二工作槽开口向 下， 所述工作轴与所述第二工作槽相配合，所述第二工作槽与所述底板的距离 大于所述第一工作槽与所述底板的距离；
所述锁闭装置具有第二死点， 所述第二死点位于所述第二工作槽的中心， 所述锁扣在外力作用下过所述第二死点后可实现所述锁闭装置打开和锁紧。
进一步地，所述锁闭装置包括弹性元件，所述弹性元件设置于所述容置空 间内， 所述弹性元件为预压缩状态，使所述限位块在所述弹性元件的作用下处 于受力顶紧状态。
进一步地，所述锁闭装置包括限位垫， 所述限位垫设置在所述弹性元件与 所述限位块之间。
进一步地， 所述弹性元件为弹簧板或弹性橡胶。
进一步地，所述弹性元件由两节圆柱弹簧组成，所述限位垫上设有两个与 所述圆柱弹簧相配合的凸起，所述限位垫设置于所述圆柱弹簧与所述限位块之 间， 用于固定所述圆柱弹簧。
进一步地，所述锁闭装置具有第三死点，所述第三死点为所述压头上设有 的凸圆， 所述凸圆位于所述压头与所述门折页的接触处， 当所述锁闭装置为锁 紧状态时， 所述压头过所述第三死点。
进一步地， 所述锁板下端的中部设有方孔， 用于插入撬棍。
进一步地， 所述立板上端设有凹槽。
与现有技术方案相比， 本发明采用的技术方案产生的有益效果如下： 本发明中由于锁扣采用过死点的原理，只有在外力作用下使锁扣过死点才 能打开或关闭锁闭装置，因此在车辆运行中以及上翻车机翻转时锁闭装置不会 误开， 无需再将门折页与锁闭装置用铁丝捆绑， 节省了人力、 物力、 财力， 提 高了工作效率， 即使车门变形后仍能有效锁紧。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例提供的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置的结构示意图； 图 2为本发明实施例提供的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置的侧视图；
图 3为本发明实施例提供的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置侧面的剖视图； 图 4 为本发明实施例提供的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置在一级锁闭时的结 构示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例提供的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置在二级锁闭时的结构 示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细描述。
如图 1所示，本发明实施例提供一种铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 所述锁闭 装置包括锁座 1、 锁板 2和锁扣 3。 其中， 锁座 1为铸钢件， 包括一底板 101 和两个立板 102。 底板 101上设有安装孔， 安装孔的位置、 大小与既有敞车相 同，底板 101与车体的连接方式可选用铆接或螺栓连接，优先选用拉铆钉连接。 两个立板 102相互平行并且垂直固定在底板 101上；两个立板 102的上部对称 设有立板孔 103; 两个立板 102的下端均设有第一工作槽 104和第二工作槽
105, 第一工作槽 104和第二工作槽 105的开口均向下， 保证货物不会堆积在 工作面，可避免货物堆积对锁闭性能的影响。第二工作槽 105与底板 101的距 离大于第一工作槽 104与底板 101的距离； 两个立板 102的上端均设有凹槽
106, 以防万一锁闭失效时可将锁板 2或锁扣 3与锁座 1捆绑在一起。
锁板 2为锻钢件（模锻）或铸钢件， 下端设有锁扣连接孔 201; 锁板 2上 端中间设有压头 202, 压头用于在锁闭装置为锁紧状态时将门折页 7压紧。 压 头 202的两端分别设有工作轴 203, 工作轴 203与第一工作槽 104或第二工作 槽 105相配合;锁板 2两侧分别设有挡块 204。锁板 2下端的中部设有方孔 205 , 方孔 205可按只能插入标准撬棍 8 (专用工具）设计， 限制一般棍棒的插入。
锁扣 3为弹簧钢， 包括第一连接柱 301和两个弹力臂 302, 弹力臂 302弯 制一定弧度使其在拉伸时具有弹性变形量。 第一连接柱 301 位于锁扣连接孔 201中， 锁扣 3可围绕第一连接柱 301在锁扣连接孔 201中转动， 挡块 204用 于限制锁扣 3的转动范围。第一连接柱 301的两端分别与两个弹力臂 302的一 端固定连接， 弹力臂 302的另一端设有第二连接柱 303; 第二连接柱 303位于 立板孔 103中， 锁扣 3可围绕第二连接柱 303在立板孔 103中转动。
如图 2所示，本实施例提供的锁闭装置具有第一死点， 第一死点位于第一 工作槽 104的中心，锁扣 3在外力作用下过第一死点后可实现锁闭装置打开和 锁紧。 具体的工作原理为， 锁扣 3与锁座 1、 锁板 2的各支点间形成一个三角 形， 锁扣 3和锁座 1的支点为第一支点， 锁扣 3与锁板 2的支点为第二支点， 锁座 1与锁板 2的支点为第三支点， 比如， 第一支点与第二支点间的距离为 160mm, 第一支点与第三支点间的距离为 66mm, 第二支点与第三支点间的距 离为 97mm, 66mm+97mm> 160mm,那么过盈量为 3mm (数字可调整），此时， 必须使用一定外力 F将锁扣 3拉长 3mm过第一死点后才能打开或锁紧所述锁 闭装置。
为了使本实施例提供的锁闭装置具有防震动脱落的功能，如图 3所示， 所 述锁闭装置还具有第三死点，第三死点为压头 202上设有的上偏 α角度 ( α=10° ) 的凸圆， 凸圆位于压头 202与门折页 7的接触处， 当锁扣 3过第一死点锁紧锁 闭装置的同时， 压头 202过第三死点。 此时， 通过下侧门门板内货物侧压力给 力， 给力越大摩擦力就越大， 车辆震动时就很难跃过死点， 防止锁扣在车辆运 行中误开， 或在上翻车机翻转时脱出。 在锁座和锁板上分别设有死点位， 双重 死点可以保证锁闭装置的锁紧效果， 有效解决了现有通用敞车搭扣锁闭不良、 需铁丝捆绑的问题。
本实施例中锁扣、锁板与锁座促成连杆机构，具有导向功能和杠杆的作用， 在下侧门承受货物侧压力后仍可方便开门，可有效解决现有通用敞车承受货物 侧压力后开门难的问题。 而且锁板的压头对门折页具有压紧力， 即使门折页变 形后仍能通过锁板将下侧门有效锁紧。本实施例还可将 F力的大小设置为徒手 搬不开， 只能通过标准撬棍 8插入方孔 205向上或向下用力， 如图 4所示， 使 得锁扣 3过死点以达到打开或锁紧锁闭装置的目的。此种设计除了防止锁闭装 置在车辆运动时脱开， 还能防止他人轻易打开车门偷盗货物。
当车辆仅装运可以正常关门的普通货物时， 仅需一级锁闭， 此时锁板 2 的工作轴 203与锁座 1上的第一工作槽 104相配合，如图 4所示。若敞车除了 装运可以正常关门的普通货物外， 还需要装运钢卷、设备等大型货物时， 就需 将钢丝绳从门缝穿出并捆绑到绳拴上。为了保证钢丝绳穿过时， 既可以安全可 靠的锁紧下侧门， 又使得门板限位不与钢丝绳接触，避免车辆运行时捆扎货物 的钢丝绳与门板摩擦而断裂，本实施例提供的锁闭装置还设置二级锁闭，此时， 锁板 2的工作轴 203需要与锁座 1上的第二工作槽 105相配合。要实现二级锁 闭， 如图 1和图 5所示， 锁闭装置还包括限位块 4、 弹性元件 5和限位垫 6。 其中， 限位块 4两侧分别设有第三连接柱 401 , 底板 101具有一容置空间， 容 置空间两侧设有限位块连接槽 107, 限位块 4通过第三连接柱 401与限位块连 接槽 107活动连接， 限位块 4可围绕第三连接柱 401在底板 101上旋转； 弹性 元件 5由两节圆柱弹簧组成，预压缩设置于容置空间内， 限位垫 6上设有两个 与圆柱弹簧相配合的凸起 601 , 限位垫 6设置于弹性元件 5与限位块 4之间， 用于固定弹性元件 5。限位块 4在弹性元件 5的作用下始终处于受力顶紧状态， 不会晃动， 当需要二级锁闭时， 将限位块 4向上搬起 90。， 与压头 202相配合 顶紧门折页 7。 二级锁闭时， 门缝可穿过 18mm以下的钢丝绳。 本实施例中， 弹性元件也可采用弹性橡胶或弹簧板， 此时可取消限位垫 6, 使得弹性橡胶或 弹簧板直接作用于限位块 4。 当然， 为了增加弹性橡胶或弹簧板与限位块之间 的摩擦力，也可以在弹性橡胶与限位块之间或弹簧板与限位块之间设置没有凸 起 601的限位垫。
与一级锁闭锁闭相同， 二级锁闭也采用过死点的原理， 二级锁闭时， 锁闭 装置具有第二死点，位于第二工作槽 105的中心，锁扣 3在外力作用下过第二 死点后可实现锁闭装置打开和锁紧。 当锁扣 3 过第一死点锁紧锁闭装置的同 时， 压头 202过第三死点， 可以防止锁扣在车辆运行中误开， 或在上翻车机翻 转时脱出。
为了保证本发明实施例提供的锁闭装置与既有敞车搭扣式锁闭装置的互 换性， 本发明中的锁座可分左右件， 与既有敞车一致； 而针对新设计的敞车车 型， 可采用不分左右、 对称布置的锁座， 以简化零件、 防误装。
本发明实施例具有如下优点：
( 1 )本锁闭装置不需铁丝捆绑即可防止锁扣在车辆运行时误开以及在翻 车机卸货时脱开， 可解决既有通用敞车所使用的搭扣需铁丝捆绑的惯性问题， 可节省人力、 物力、 财力， 还可提高工作效率； 即使在门折页变形后仍能有效 锁紧， 保证安全性。
( 2 ) 当要打开锁闭装置时， 需要用撬棒插入锁板方孔朝上用力使锁扣过 死点即打开； 锁闭时用撬棒插入锁板方孔下向用力， 过死点即可锁紧； 因为有 锁紧力的存在， 即使用 500mm长的撬棒打开或锁闭锁扣也需要约 18kg的力， 在不借助工具的情况下徒手是很难把锁扣打开的，从而增加了安全性、可靠性； 而且锁板方孔尺寸只能插入标准撬棍， 限制一般棍棒的插入，增加了偷盗货物 时开门难度， 可防止货物被盗。
( 3 )既有敞车使用的搭扣锁闭装置没有为穿钢丝绳留空间， 关门时需使 用强力将门关紧， 易损坏车门、造成门板变形， 门板变形后将造成散粒货物泄 漏， 增加货损量； 本锁闭装置实现了二级锁闭， 二级锁闭时门缝可穿过直径 18mm以下的钢丝绳， 并可使门板限位不与钢丝绳接触， 避免捆扎货物的钢丝 绳与门¼ 擦而断裂。
( 4 )本锁闭装置与既有搭扣式锁闭装置相比， 功能增加但零件数保持不 变， 便于制造、 维护、 检修； 其中锁座、 限位垫可采用精铸工艺， 锁板可采用 模锻或精铸工艺， 制造工艺简单， 适合批量生产。
( 5 )本锁闭装置最大高度控制在 100mm以内，且锁座与锁板接触面的缺 口朝下， 均可避免货物堆积对锁闭性能的影响。
( 6 )本锁闭装置的重量不超过 5kg/个， 与既有敞车的搭扣式锁闭装置相 当， 不增加无效运输重量。
( 7 )本锁闭装置中的锁座与车体间采用拉铆钉连接， 可防脱、 防盗； 且 安装尺寸（安装孔位置、 大小）与既有敞车相同， 既保证了互换性， 又有利于 既有车更新改造。 以上所述为本发明的最优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的 技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
一锁座，包括一底板和两个立板；所述底板固定设置在所述敞车的车体上， 两个所述立板相互平行并且垂直固定于所述底板；两个所述立板的上部对称设 有立板孔； 两个所述立板的下端对称设有的第一工作槽， 所述第一工作槽的开 口向下；
一锁板， 所述锁板下端设有锁扣连接孔； 所述锁板上端中间设有压头， 所 述压头用于在所述锁闭装置为锁紧状态时将门折页压紧；所述压头的两端分别 设有工作轴， 所述工作轴与所述第一工作槽相配合； 所述锁板两侧分别设有挡 块；
一锁扣， 包括： 第一连接柱和两个弹力臂； 所述第一连接柱位于所述锁扣 连接孔中， 所述锁扣可围绕所述第一连接柱在所述锁扣连接孔中转动， 所述挡 块用于限制所述锁扣的转动范围；所述第一连接柱的两端分别与两个所述弹力 臂的一端固定连接， 所述弹力臂的另一端设有第二连接柱； 所述第二连接柱位 于所述立板孔中， 所述锁扣可围绕所述第二连接柱在所述立板孔中转动；
所述锁闭装置具有第一死点， 所述第一死点位于所述第一工作槽的中心， 所述锁扣在外力作用下过所述第一死点后可实现所述锁闭装置打开和锁紧。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述锁 闭装置还包括限位块， 所述限位块两侧分别设有第三连接柱， 所述底板具有一 容置空间， 所述容置空间两侧设有限位块连接槽， 所述限位块通过所述第三连 接柱与所述限位块连接槽活动连接，所述限位块可围绕所述第三连接柱在所述 底板上旋转， 所述限位块与所述压头相配合顶紧所述门折页； 所述两个立板下 端分别设有对称的第二工作槽， 所述第二工作槽开口向下， 所述工作轴与所述 第二工作槽相配合，所述第二工作槽与所述底板的距离大于所述第一工作槽与 所述底板的 if巨离；
所述锁闭装置具有第二死点， 所述第二死点位于所述第二工作槽的中心， 所述锁扣在外力作用下过所述第二死点后可实现所述锁闭装置打开和锁紧。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述锁 闭装置包括弹性元件， 所述弹性元件设置于所述容置空间内， 所述弹性元件为 预压缩状态， 使所述限位块在所述弹性元件的作用下处于受力顶紧状态。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述锁 闭装置包括限位垫， 所述限位垫设置在所述弹性元件与所述限位块之间。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述弹 性元件为弹簧板或弹性橡胶。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述弹 性元件由两节圆柱弹簧组成，所述限位垫上设有两个与所述圆柱弹簧相配合的 凸起， 所述限位垫设置于所述圆柱弹簧与所述限位块之间， 用于固定所述圆柱 弹簧。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述锁 闭装置具有第三死点， 所述第三死点为所述压头上设有的凸圆， 所述凸圆位于 所述压头与所述门折页的接触处， 当所述锁闭装置为锁紧状态时， 所述压头过 所述第三死点。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述锁 板下端的中部设有方孔。
9、如权利要求 1所述的铁路敞车下侧门锁闭装置， 其特征在于， 所述立板 上端设有凹槽。
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