WO2014162443A1 - トラクション制御装置及びトラクション制御方法 - Google Patents
トラクション制御装置及びトラクション制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014162443A1 WO2014162443A1 PCT/JP2013/059918 JP2013059918W WO2014162443A1 WO 2014162443 A1 WO2014162443 A1 WO 2014162443A1 JP 2013059918 W JP2013059918 W JP 2013059918W WO 2014162443 A1 WO2014162443 A1 WO 2014162443A1
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- torque
- value
- traction control
- unit
- drive
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a traction control device, a traction control method, a traction control program, and a recording medium on which the traction control program is recorded.
- an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor to drive and brake in accordance with the amount of depression of an accelerator pedal or a brake pedal has been attracting attention from the viewpoint of environmental load and the like.
- the electric motor is an electric component, the responsiveness and linearity of driving and braking in an electric vehicle are much better than those of an internal combustion engine vehicle that performs driving and braking by an engine and a hydraulic mechanism.
- the response speed of the electric motor is about 10 times faster than the hydraulic mechanism and about 100 times faster than the engine.
- the relationship between the actual torque value T m generated by the motor and the motor current value (hereinafter also referred to as “drive current value”) I m is expressed by the following equation (1).
- T m K t ⁇ I m (1)
- the torque constant K t can be obtained by prior measurement.
- the torque constant Kt may be a fixed value or may vary depending on the motor current value Im or the rotation speed depending on the motor type. Accordingly, by detecting in the electric motor actuating the motor current value I m at the current sensor or the like, can accurately grasp the actual torque value T m. Further, by controlling the motor current value I m, the control for the actual torque value T m can be easily performed. For this reason, various techniques for realizing traction control with higher safety and comfort in an electric vehicle compared to engine control and brake hydraulic pressure control have been proposed.
- the slip ratio ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ are detected during traveling, and the range of increase / decrease in the drive torque of the electric motor is controlled based on the detected slip ratio ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ .
- Patent Document 1 There is a technique (refer to Patent Document 1: hereinafter referred to as “conventional example 1”).
- the average value of the ratio of the friction coefficient ⁇ to the slip ratio ⁇ is calculated to grasp the state of the road surface that is running. And on a slippery road surface, a limit is imposed on the rise and fall of the drive torque.
- a slip ratio ⁇ and a friction coefficient ⁇ are calculated during traveling, and (ii) based on a maximum friction coefficient estimated from the calculated slip ratio ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ .
- a technique for calculating the maximum driving torque and limiting the required torque see Patent Document 2: hereinafter referred to as “Conventional Example 2”.
- the maximum friction coefficient is estimated by selecting the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic curve of the traveling road surface based on the correlation between the slip ratio ⁇ and the friction coefficient ⁇ calculated so far. It has become.
- FIG. 1 shows variables in the drive wheel model.
- M is the weight of the moving body
- F d is the driving force of the driving wheel WH
- F dr is the running resistance.
- T m is an actual torque value generated by the motor and applied to the drive wheels WH
- v is also referred to as a moving speed of the moving body MV (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle speed” or “vehicle speed”).
- ⁇ is the rotational speed of the drive wheel WH.
- N is a normal force acting on the drive wheel WH
- r is a radius of the drive wheel WH.
- slip ratio ⁇ (r ⁇ ⁇ v) / Max (r ⁇ ⁇ , v) (5)
- the relationship between the friction coefficient ⁇ and the slip ratio ⁇ (that is, the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic) is generally as shown in FIG. 2 during driving and shown in FIG. 3 during braking. That's right. 2 and 3, the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic on the dry road surface is indicated by a solid line, the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic on the wet road surface is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic on the frozen road surface is indicated by two points. It is indicated by a chain line.
- the state where the friction coefficient ⁇ is equal to or less than the maximum slip ratio is a state in which the moving body MV can stably travel (hereinafter referred to as “the friction coefficient ⁇ ”) "Stable state”).
- a state where the friction coefficient ⁇ is larger than the slip ratio at which the friction coefficient ⁇ is maximum is a state in which the driving wheel WH slips or locks (hereinafter referred to as “unstable state”).
- a region that is in a stable state is referred to as a “stable region”, and a region that is in an unstable state is referred to as an “unstable region”.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the simulation results when the torque command value T C corresponding to the accelerator pedal depression amount is directly input to the motor drive system as the torque setting value T S. 4 and 5 show simulation results of the vehicle body speed v, the wheel speed (r ⁇ ), the slip ratio ⁇ , and the friction coefficient ⁇ .
- the simulation conditions are a four-wheel drive electric vehicle, vehicle weight: 1800 [kg], inertia of drive wheel WH: 1.2 [kg ⁇ m 2 ], and motor torque response: 5
- vehicle weight 1800 [kg]
- inertia of drive wheel WH 1.2 [kg ⁇ m 2 ]
- motor torque response 5
- the condition [ms] (assuming the case of an in-wheel motor) was adopted. Further, the simulation was performed on the assumption that the road surface changes from the dry road surface to the frozen road surface at time t 1 and changes from the frozen road surface to the dry road surface at time t 2 (> t 1 ).
- a method of limiting the torque set value T S by performing some kind of limit (limiter) processing on the torque command value T C can be considered. All of the techniques of the conventional examples 1 to 3 described above employ this method. That is, the techniques conventionally Examples 1-3, both the road surface state, i.e., by varying the restriction of the torque set value T S in accordance with the estimation result of the mu-lambda characteristic, the torque set value is frozen road surface T S
- the torque setting value T S is not limited more than necessary on the dry road surface.
- the techniques of the conventional examples 1 to 3 use the averaging process (conventional example 1), the least square method estimation process (conventional example 2), and the table matching process (conventional example 3) in order to estimate the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristics. ), And it is necessary to use a plurality of data. Therefore, it takes about at least several seconds before the torque set value T S is appropriately limited. Therefore, when the road surface condition has changed, rapidly, not possible to apply a limitation of the proper torque setting T S. As a result, ensuring safety when suddenly changing from a dry road surface to a frozen road surface, and driving in line with the driver's intention when suddenly changing from a frozen road surface to a dry road surface are possible. It was nice.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a traction control device capable of quickly realizing control for stable traveling in accordance with a change in road surface state while ensuring a necessary driving force. It is another object of the present invention to provide a traction control method.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a traction control device for a moving body having a driving wheel driven by a motor, a moving speed acquisition unit for acquiring a moving speed of the moving body; and a rotational speed of the driving wheel.
- the invention according to claim 8 is a traction control method used in a traction control device for a moving body having driving wheels driven by a motor, wherein the moving speed of the moving body, the rotation speed of the driving wheels, and An acquisition step of acquiring an actual torque value generated by the motor; and a control step of performing restriction control of the operation of the motor based on the moving speed, the rotation speed, and the actual torque value.
- a traction control method used in a traction control device for a moving body having driving wheels driven by a motor, wherein the moving speed of the moving body, the rotation speed of the driving wheels, and An acquisition step of acquiring an actual torque value generated by the motor; and a control step of performing restriction control of the operation of the motor based on the moving speed, the rotation speed, and the actual torque value.
- the invention described in claim 9 is a traction control program that causes a computer included in a traction control device for a moving body having driving wheels driven by a motor to execute the traction control method according to claim 8. It is.
- the invention described in claim 10 is characterized in that the traction control program according to claim 9 is recorded so as to be readable by a computer included in a traction control device for a moving body having driving wheels driven by a motor. Is a recording medium.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a process of calculating each limit value of the drive wheels in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating a simulation result of traction processing during driving by the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating a simulation result of the traction process during driving by the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. (1) which shows the simulation result of the traction process at the time of braking by the apparatus of FIG.
- the 2 which shows the simulation result of the traction process at the time of braking by the apparatus of FIG.
- the figure (the 1) which shows the simulation result in the case of the traction control of the modification 1 of limit value calculation with a comparative example.
- the figure (the 2) which shows the simulation result in the case of the traction control of the modification 1 of limit value calculation with a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 which shows the simulation result of the traction process at the time of braking by the apparatus of FIG.
- the 1 which shows the simulation result in the case of the traction control of the modification 1 of limit value calculation with a comparative example
- the figure (the 2) which shows the simulation result in the
- FIG. (1) for demonstrating the effectiveness of the modification 1 of limit value calculation. It is FIG. (2) for demonstrating the effectiveness of the modification 1 of limit value calculation. It is a figure which shows the simulation result in the case of the traction control of the modification 2 of limit value calculation with a comparative example.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the positioning and configuration of the traction control device 700 according to an embodiment.
- the traction control device 700 is arranged in the moving body MV.
- the moving body MV includes a torque command value generation unit 810, an acceleration detection unit 820, and a motor drive system 900, and is connected to the traction control device 700.
- the above torque command value generating unit 810 an accelerator opening sensor (not shown), a brake quantity sensor based on the detection result used for generation of the torque command value T c by the steering angle sensor, the torque command value T c Generate.
- the torque command value T c generated in this way is sent to the traction control device 700.
- the acceleration detection unit 820 detects the acceleration ⁇ in the moving direction of the moving body MV.
- the detected acceleration ⁇ is sent to the traction control device 700.
- the motor drive system 900 includes a drive control unit 910, an inverter 920, and a motor 930. Further, the motor drive system 900 includes a rotational position detection unit 940 and a current detection unit 950.
- the drive control unit 910 receives the torque setting value T s sent from the traction control device 700. Then, the drive control unit 910 calculates a drive voltage based on the torque setting value T s , the rotational position ⁇ detected by the rotational position detection unit 940, and the detected current value ID detected by the current detection unit 950. To do. For example, when the motor 930 is a three-phase motor, the drive control unit 910 calculates a three-phase voltage as the drive voltage. The drive voltage calculated in this way is sent to the inverter 920.
- the inverter 920 receives the drive voltage sent from the drive control unit 910. Then, the inverter 920 supplies a current corresponding to the drive voltage to the motor 930. As a result, the motor 930 performs motor rotation based on the torque setting value T s and rotates the drive wheels.
- the rotational position detector 940 is configured to include a resolver or an encoder.
- the rotational position detector 940 detects the rotational position ⁇ of the motor 930.
- the rotational position ⁇ thus detected is sent to the traction control device 700, the drive control unit 910, and the current detection unit 950.
- the current detection unit 950 detects a current value flowing through the motor 930. For example, when the motor 930 is a three-phase motor, the current detection unit 950 detects at least two types of current values among the three-phase currents flowing through the motor 930. The detected current value is sent to the traction control device 700 and the drive control unit 910 as the detected current value ID .
- the traction control device 700 includes a moving speed acquisition unit 710, a rotation speed acquisition unit 720, an actual torque value acquisition unit 730, and a control unit 740.
- the moving speed acquisition unit 710 described above receives the acceleration ⁇ sent from the acceleration detection unit 820. Then, the movement speed acquisition unit 710 performs time integration of the acceleration ⁇ to acquire the movement speed v. The movement speed v acquired in this way is sent to the control unit 740.
- the rotational speed acquisition unit 720 described above receives the rotational position ⁇ sent from the rotational position detection unit 940. Then, the rotational speed acquisition unit 720 performs time differentiation of the rotational position ⁇ to acquire the rotational speed ⁇ . The rotation speed ⁇ acquired in this way is sent to the control unit 740.
- the actual torque value acquisition unit 730 receives the detected current value I D sent from the current detection unit 950. Subsequently, the actual torque obtaining section 730 calculates the motor current value I m on the basis of the detected current value I D.
- the actual torque value acquiring unit 730 by calculating the actual torque value T m using the above equation (1), to obtain the actual torque value T m.
- the actual torque value T m acquired in this way is sent to the control unit 740.
- the control unit 740 receives the torque command value T c sent from the torque command value generation unit 810. Subsequently, the control unit 740 performs limiter control on the torque command value T c based on the moving speed v, the rotational speed ⁇ , and the actual torque value T m to calculate the torque setting value T s . Then, the control unit 740 sends the calculated torque setting value T s to the drive control unit 910.
- the control unit 740 having such a function includes a slip ratio estimation unit 741 and a drive torque estimation unit 742 as shown in FIG.
- the control unit 740 includes a limit value calculation unit 743 and a limiter unit 744.
- the slip ratio estimation unit 741 receives the moving speed v sent from the moving speed acquisition unit 710 and the rotational speed ⁇ sent from the rotational speed acquisition unit 720. Then, the slip ratio estimation unit 741 performs the slip ratio estimation by calculating the slip ratio ⁇ according to the above-described equation (5). The slip ratio ⁇ calculated in this way is sent to the limit value calculation unit 743.
- LPF low-pass filter
- the limit value calculation unit 743 receives the slip rate ⁇ sent from the slip rate estimation unit 741 and the drive torque T d sent from the drive torque estimation unit 742. Then, the limit value calculation unit 743 calculates a limit value L based on the slip ratio ⁇ and the drive torque T d . The limit value L calculated in this way is sent to the limiter unit 744.
- the constant a and the limiter coefficient k are determined in advance through experiments, simulations, and the like from the viewpoint of performing appropriate traction control.
- the limiter unit 744 receives the torque command value T c sent from the torque command value generation unit 810. Then, the limiter unit 744 performs limiter control on the torque command value T c according to the limit value L sent from the limit value calculation unit 743, and calculates the torque set value T s .
- the limiter unit 744 sets the torque command value T c as the torque setting value T s . Further, the torque command value T c when larger than the limit value L, the limiter unit 744, the limit value L and the torque setpoint T s. The torque setting value T s thus calculated is sent to the motor drive system 900 (more specifically, the drive control unit 910).
- the operation differs depending on the value of the slip ratio ⁇ . If the slip ratio ⁇ is “0.2” or less, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the driving torque T d also increases, so the driving force F d increases. Therefore, the smaller the change in the F dr by air resistance or the like, (2) as indicated by the expression, also increases the moving velocity v. Therefore, since the increase in the slip ratio ⁇ expressed by the equation (5) is alleviated, the vehicle can travel stably. However, if the slip ratio ⁇ exceeds “0.2”, the driving torque T d does not increase as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, so the driving force F d does not increase and the movement in (2). The speed v does not increase. As a result, the increase of the slip ratio ⁇ expressed by the equation (5) proceeds, and the slip ratio ⁇ further increases, so that traveling becomes unstable.
- the current value of the driving torque T d and the value of the slip ratio ⁇ are estimated. Then, by limiting the torque set value T s by the limit value L obtained by the equation (7) using those estimated values, the actual torque value T m is not too large compared to the value of the drive torque T d. The motor control is performed.
- the limit value L is made closer to the driving torque T d as the slip ratio ⁇ is larger, and the limit value L is smaller as the slip ratio ⁇ is smaller. It can be a value away from the driving torque Td .
- a calculation example of the limit value L according to the equation (7) is indicated by a thick line.
- the torque set value T s is limited to a value closer to the current drive torque T d as the slip ratio ⁇ increases. Further, the torque limit becomes weaker as the slip ratio ⁇ becomes smaller, so that a torque set value T s larger than the current drive torque T d is permitted.
- the limit value L is closer to the driving torque T d , so the constant a is preferably closer to “1”.
- the limiter coefficient k is decreased, a stronger limiter can be applied. Therefore, when the slip ratio ⁇ increases, a strong torque limit is applied, and as a result, an increase in the slip ratio ⁇ can be suppressed.
- the slip ratio ⁇ is small and within the stable region, it is not desirable to limit the torque more than necessary, so it is not preferable to make the limiter coefficient k too small.
- the torque command value generation unit 810, the acceleration detection unit 820, and the motor drive system 900 have already started operation, and the torque command value T c , the acceleration ⁇ , the rotational position ⁇ , and the detected current value I D are sequentially obtained. It is assumed that it is sent to the traction control device 700 (see FIG. 6).
- the moving speed acquisition unit 710 performs time integration of the acceleration ⁇ sent from the acceleration detecting unit 820 to acquire the moving speed v. Then, the moving speed acquisition unit 710 sequentially sends the acquired moving speed v to the control unit 740 (see FIG. 6).
- the rotation speed acquisition unit 720 performs time differentiation of the rotation position ⁇ sent from the rotation position detection unit 940 to acquire the rotation speed ⁇ . Then, the rotation speed acquisition unit 720 sequentially sends the acquired rotation speed ⁇ to the control unit 740 (see FIG. 6).
- actual torque value acquiring unit 730 by calculating the actual torque value T m based on the detected current value I D sent from the current detecting unit 950, acquires the actual torque value T m. Then, the actual torque value acquisition unit 730 sequentially sends the acquired actual torque value T m to the control unit 740 (see FIG. 6).
- the slip ratio estimation unit 741 is based on the moving speed v sent from the moving speed obtaining unit 710 and the rotational speed ⁇ sent from the rotational speed obtaining unit 720 according to the above-described equation (5). Then, the slip ratio is estimated by calculating the slip ratio ⁇ . Then, the slip ratio estimation unit 741 sequentially sends the estimated slip ratio ⁇ to the limit value calculation unit 743 (see FIG. 7).
- the driving torque estimation unit 742 is based on the rotational speed ⁇ sent from the rotational speed acquisition unit 720 and the actual torque value T m sent from the actual torque value acquisition unit 730 according to the above equation (6).
- the drive torque is estimated by calculating the drive torque T d from the obtained value via a low-pass filter (LPF). Then, the drive torque estimating unit 742 sequentially sends the estimated drive torque T d to the limit value calculating unit 743 (see FIG. 7).
- LPF low-pass filter
- the limit value calculation unit 743 calculates the limit value L according to the above-described equation (7). Is calculated. Then, the limit value calculation unit 743 sequentially sends the calculated limit value L to the limiter unit 744 (see FIG. 7).
- the limiter unit 744 Based on the limit value L sent from the limit value calculation unit 743, the limiter unit 744 performs limiter control on the torque command value Tc as described above to calculate the torque set value T s . Then, the limiter unit 744 sequentially sends the calculated torque setting value T s to the motor drive system 900 (see FIG. 7).
- the motor drive system 900 In the motor drive system 900, and supplies on the basis of the torque set value T s sent from the traction control unit 700, a current corresponding to the torque set value T s to the motor 930. As a result, the motor 930 is driven with a torque value corresponding to the torque setting value T s .
- the moving speed v, the rotational speed ⁇ , and the actual torque value T m can be quickly acquired.
- control unit 740 estimates the slip ratio ⁇ of the drive wheels using the equation (5) that can be quickly calculated based on the moving speed v and the rotational speed ⁇ .
- control unit 740 estimates the driving torque T d of the driving wheel based on the rotational speed ⁇ and the actual torque value T m using the formula (6) that can be quickly calculated.
- control unit 740 calculates a limit value L for the torque command value T c by using the equation (7) that can be quickly calculated based on the slip ratio ⁇ and the drive torque T d . Then, the control unit 740 performs a limiting process on the torque command value T c with the limit value L, and the generated torque setpoint T s, and sends the generated torque set value T s to the motor drive system 900.
- the limit value is calculated for each drive wheel.
- the minimum value of the limit value obtained in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment for each of the plural driving wheels is set as the plural driving wheels.
- Limit values for all torque command values may be used. In this case, since a difference in torque setting values among a plurality of drive wheels can be suppressed, stable traveling can be ensured.
- control unit 740 calculates the limit value by the above equation (7).
- a value in parentheses on the right side of equation (7) is calculated in advance for each slip ratio value, and a reference table in which the slip ratio and the result of the calculation are associated is created.
- the limit value may be calculated by multiplying the driving torque by a value read from the reference table based on the estimated slip ratio.
- the limit value L may be calculated by the following equation (8) or (9).
- the traction control device of the above-described embodiment is configured as a computer as a calculation unit including a central processing unit (CPU: Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), and the like. By executing this, a part or all of the functions of the traction control device of the above embodiment may be executed.
- This program is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as a hard disk, CD-ROM, or DVD, and is loaded from the recording medium and executed by the computer.
- the program may be acquired in a form recorded on a portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or may be acquired in a form distributed via a network such as the Internet. Also good.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the configuration of the traction control device 100 according to an embodiment.
- the traction control device 100 is an aspect of a modification of the traction control device 700 according to the embodiment described above.
- the traction control device 100 is arranged in a vehicle CR as a moving body MV.
- the vehicle CR includes four drive wheels that can be driven independently of each other, namely, a left front drive wheel WH FL , a right front drive wheel WH FR , a left rear drive wheel WH RL and a right rear drive wheel WH RR . Drive wheels.
- the vehicle CR includes a torque command value generation unit 810, an acceleration detection unit 820, and motor drive systems 900 FL to 900 RR .
- the motor drive system 900 j includes a drive control unit 910 j having the same function as the drive control unit 910 described above, an inverter 920 j having the same function as the inverter 920 described above, and the same motor 930 as described above. And a motor 930 j having a function.
- the motor drive system 900 j includes a rotational position detection unit 940 j having the same function as the rotational position detection unit 940 described above, and a current detection unit 950 j having a function similar to the current detection unit 950 described above. Yes.
- the drive control unit 910 j a torque set value transmitted from the traction control unit 100 T s, j, detected by the rotational position detecting unit 940 j rotational position theta j, and detected by the current detection unit 950 j Based on the detected current value ID, j , the drive voltage is calculated. Then, the drive control unit 910 j sends the calculated drive voltage to the inverter 920 j .
- the rotational position detector 940 j detects the rotational position ⁇ j of the motor 930 j . Then, the rotational position detection unit 940 j sends the detected rotational position ⁇ j to the traction control device 100 and the drive control unit 910 j .
- the current detection unit 950 j detects a current value flowing through the motor 930 j . Then, the current detection unit 950 j sends the detected current value as the detected current value I D, j to the traction control device 100 and the drive control unit 910 j .
- the torque command value generation unit 810 sends torque command values T c, FL 1 to T c, RR to the traction control device 100 in correspondence with the four drive wheels WH FL 1 to WH RR .
- the drive control unit 910 j and the current detection unit 950 j will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- the motor 930 j is a three-phase motor.
- the drive control unit 910 j controls driving of the motor 930 j by vector control.
- the drive control unit 910 j having such a function includes a current command value generation unit 911, subtraction units 912 d and 912 q , and proportional and integral (PI) calculation units 913 d and 913 q .
- the drive control unit 910 j includes a coordinate conversion unit 914 and a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit 915.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the current command value generation unit 911 receives the torque setting value T s, j sent from the traction control device 100. Then, the current command value generation unit 911 generates a d-axis current command value I d, j * and a q-axis current command value I q, j * in order to generate a motor torque having the torque setting value T s, j .
- the d-axis current command value I d, j * thus generated is sent to the subtraction unit 912 d
- the q-axis current command value I q, j * is sent to the subtraction unit 912 q .
- the subtraction unit 912 d receives the d-axis current command value I d, j * sent from the current command value generation unit 911. Then, the subtracting unit 912 d subtracts the d-axis detected current value I d, j sent from the current detecting unit 950 j from the d-axis current command value I d, j * . The subtraction result by the subtraction unit 912 d is sent to the PI calculation unit 913 d .
- the subtraction unit 912 q receives the q-axis current command value I q, j * sent from the current command value generation unit 911. Then, the subtraction unit 912 q subtracts the q-axis detection current value I q, j sent from the current detection unit 950 j from the q-axis current command value I q, j * . The subtraction result by the subtraction unit 912 q is sent to the PI calculation unit 913 q .
- the PI calculation unit 913 d receives the subtraction result sent from the subtraction unit 912 d . Then, the PI calculation unit 913 d performs proportional and integral calculations based on the subtraction result, and calculates a d-axis voltage command value V d, j * . The d-axis voltage command value V d, j * calculated by the PI calculation unit 913 d is sent to the coordinate conversion unit 914.
- the PI calculation unit 913 q receives the subtraction result sent from the subtraction unit 912 q . Then, the PI calculation unit 913 q performs a proportional and integral calculation based on the subtraction result, and calculates a q-axis voltage command value V q, j * . The q-axis voltage command value V q, j * calculated by the PI calculation unit 913 q is sent to the coordinate conversion unit 914.
- the coordinate conversion unit 914 uses the d-axis voltage command value V d, j * sent from the PI calculation unit 913 d and the q-axis voltage command value V q, j * sent from the PI calculation unit 913 q. receive. Then, the coordinate conversion unit 914 refers to the rotational position ⁇ j sent from the rotational position detection unit 940 j and performs the d-axis voltage command value V d, j * and the q-axis voltage command value V q, j *.
- coordinate conversion is performed to calculate the u-axis control voltage value V u, j * , the v-axis control voltage value V v, j *, and the w-axis control voltage value V w, j * .
- the calculation result by the coordinate conversion unit 914 is sent to the PWM unit 915.
- the PWM unit 915 receives the three-phase control voltage sent from the coordinate conversion unit 914. Then, the PWM unit 915 performs pulse width modulation on the three-phase control voltage to generate a three-phase PWM signal. The three-phase PWM signal generated in this way is sent to the inverter 920 j .
- the current detection unit 950 j includes a current detector 951 and a coordinate conversion unit 952.
- the current detector 951 detects the u-axis current value and the v-axis current value flowing through the motor 930 j . Then, the current detector 951 sends the detection result to the coordinate conversion unit 952 as the u-axis detection current value I u, j and the v-axis detection current value I v, j .
- the coordinate conversion unit 952 receives the u-axis detection current value I u, j and the v-axis detection current value I v, j sent from the current detector 951. Then, the coordinate conversion unit 952 refers to the rotation position ⁇ j sent from the rotation position detection unit 940 j and coordinates the u-axis detection current value I u, j and the v-axis detection current value I v, j . Conversion is performed to calculate the d-axis detection current value I d, j and the q-axis detection current value I q, j . The calculation result by the coordinate conversion unit 952 is sent to the traction control device 100 and the drive control unit 910 j as the detected current value ID, j .
- I D the size of the j
- (I d, j 2 + I q, j 2 ) 1/2 (10)
- the traction control device 100 includes a control unit 110 and a storage unit 120.
- the control unit 110 includes a central processing unit (CPU) and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) as arithmetic means.
- the control unit 110 is configured to execute functions as a moving speed acquisition unit 710, a rotation speed acquisition unit 720, an actual torque value acquisition unit 730, and a control unit 740 in the above-described embodiment by executing a program. .
- the program executed by the control unit 110 is stored in the storage unit 120, loaded from the recording unit and executed.
- This program may be acquired in a form recorded on a portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or may be acquired in a form distributed via a network such as the Internet. .
- control unit 110 The processing executed by the control unit 110 will be described later.
- various information data used by the control unit 110 are stored. Such information data includes a program executed by the control unit 110.
- the storage unit 120 can be accessed by the control unit 110.
- the torque command value generation unit 810, the acceleration detection unit 820, and the motor drive system 900 j have already started operation, and the torque command value T c, j , acceleration ⁇ , rotational position ⁇ j, and detected current value I D , j are sequentially sent to the traction control device 700 (see FIG. 10).
- step S11 it is determined whether or not the control unit 110 has received an instruction to stop adaptive limiter control via the input unit. If the result of the determination in step S11 is negative (step S11: N), the process proceeds to step S12.
- step S12 the control unit 110 calculates limit values L FL to L RR for each of the four drive wheels WH FL to WH RR . Note that the calculation process of the limit values L FL to L RR in step S12 will be described later.
- step S13 the control unit 110 extracts the minimum limit value L min in the calculated limit values L FL to L RR . Then, the control unit 110 sets the extracted minimum limit value L min as a limit value common to all four drive wheels WH FL to WH RR .
- step S14 the control unit 110 performs limiter control on the torque command values T c, FL 1 to T c, RR sent from the torque command value generation unit 810 based on the minimum limit value L min. Torque setting values T s, FL to T s, RR are calculated.
- step S15 the control unit 110 sequentially outputs the calculated torque setting values T s, FL 1 to T s, RR to the motor drive systems 900 FL 1 to 900 RR (see FIG. 10).
- the torque command value T c, j FL, FR, RL, RR
- the torque command value T c, j is set as the torque set value T s, j.
- step S15 When the process of step S15 is completed, the process returns to step S11. Thereafter, the processes in steps S11 to S15 are repeated until the result of the determination in step S11 becomes affirmative.
- step S11 When an instruction to stop adaptive limiter control is received and the result of determination in step S11 is affirmative (step S11: Y), the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S16 the control unit 110 releases the limiter.
- the torque command value T c, j is the torque set value T s, a j, it will be outputted to the motor drive system 900 j.
- step S21 the control unit 110 collects the acceleration ⁇ , the rotational position ⁇ j, and the detected current value ID, j . . Then, the control unit 110 obtains the vehicle speed (movement speed) v by performing time integration of the acceleration alpha, acquires the rotation speed omega j by performing time differentiation of the rotation position theta j.
- step S22 the control unit 110 estimates the slip ratio by calculating the slip ratio ⁇ j by the above-described equation (5) based on the vehicle speed v and the rotational speed ⁇ j . Subsequently, in step S23, the control unit 110 uses the rotational speed ⁇ j and the actual torque value T m, j to convert the value obtained from the above-described equation (6) through the low-pass filter (LPF) to drive torque. Drive torque estimation is performed by calculating T d, j .
- LPF low-pass filter
- step S24 the control unit 110 sets the constant a to “1” and the limiter coefficient k to “0.01” in the above equation (7) based on the slip ratio ⁇ j and the drive torque T d, j.
- step S24 ends, the process of step S12 ends. And a process progresses to step S13 of FIG. 12 mentioned above.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show simulation results during braking for the anti-slip performance according to this embodiment.
- the simulation conditions are the same as in the simulation in the case where the limiter control is not performed as described above, which is a four-wheel drive electric vehicle having a vehicle weight of 1800 [kg] and an inertia moment of the drive wheel WH of 1.
- the conditions of 2 [kg ⁇ m 2 ] and the torque response of the motor: 5 [ms] were adopted. Further, the simulation was performed on the assumption that the road surface changes from the dry road surface to the frozen road surface at time t 1 and changes from the frozen road surface to the dry road surface at time t 2 (> t 1 ).
- the vehicle speed v and the wheel speed (r ⁇ ) shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are shown as simulation results when the limiter control is not performed.
- simulation results of the calculated limit value L, the estimated drive torque T d, and the torque set value T s are shown.
- the calculated limit value L (referred to as “calculated limit value L” in FIGS. 14 to 19 and 22), the estimated drive torque T d (in FIGS. 14 to 19 and 22, “estimated drive torque value T”). d ”) and the torque set value T s are illustrated so as to facilitate comparison with the torque command value T c .
- the torque set value T s is not limited.
- the limit value L falls below the torque set value T s , so that the torque set value T s is instantaneously limited by the limit value L.
- an increase in the slip ratio ⁇ can be suppressed. That is, it can be confirmed that both sufficient acceleration on the dry road surface and traveling while preventing slip on the frozen road surface can be achieved.
- the limit value on the dry road surface is larger than the torque command value T c , and thus the torque set value T s is not limited.
- the limit value L falls below the torque set value T s , so that the torque set value T s is instantaneously limited by the limit value L.
- an increase in the slip ratio ⁇ can be suppressed. That is, it can be confirmed that both sufficient deceleration on the dry road surface and braking that prevents slipping on the frozen road surface can be achieved.
- the control unit 110 has the vehicle speed of the vehicle CR having the drive wheels driven by the motor 930 j , the rotation speed of the drive wheels of the vehicle CR, and the motor 930 j generated. Get the torque value.
- the vehicle speed, the rotation speed, and the actual torque value can be quickly acquired.
- control unit 110 estimates the slip ratio of the drive wheel using the equation (5) that can be quickly calculated based on the vehicle speed and the rotational speed. Further, the control unit 110 estimates the driving torque of the driving wheel based on the rotational speed and the actual torque value by using the equation (6) that can be quickly calculated.
- control unit 110 calculates a limit value L for the torque command value by using the equation (11) that can be quickly calculated based on the slip ratio and the drive torque. Then, the control unit 110 performs a limit process on the torque command value based on the limit value, generates a torque set value, and sends the generated torque set value to the motor drive system.
- the minimum value among the limit values calculated for each of the plurality of drive wheels is set as the limit value for all torque command values of the plurality of drive wheels.
- the limit value calculated for the left drive wheel is also applied to the right drive wheel, so an imbalance in the left and right torque is avoided, It is possible to prevent the direction of the vehicle body from changing.
- the control unit 110 calculates the limit value according to the above-described equation (11).
- the value in parentheses on the right side of the equation (11) is calculated in advance for each slip ratio value, and a reference table associated with the slip ratio and the result of the calculation is registered in the storage unit 120. Then, the control unit 110 may calculate the limit value by multiplying the driving torque by a value read from the reference table based on the estimated slip rate.
- the acceleration sensor is used when acquiring the vehicle speed, but an optical ground sensor may be used.
- the d-axis detected current value I d, j and the q-axis detected current value I q, j are respectively the d-axis current command value I d, j * and the q-axis current command value I q. , j * is controlled to be the same. Therefore, there is a delay in response time due to the PI calculation and the motor characteristics, the actual torque value T m as a result, is controlled to be equal to the torque set value T s. Therefore, in the above embodiment has been determined actual torque value T m of a motor (1) equation, the following equation (12) for multiplying the torque response characteristic in T s, and calculates the actual torque value T m You may do it.
- T m T s ⁇ (1 / ( ⁇ 1 s + 1)) (12)
- the value ⁇ 1 is a time constant of torque response.
- the limit value for the torque command value is calculated by using the equation (11).
- the limit value may be calculated using another mathematical expression. Below, the modification of limit value calculation is shown.
- FIG. 20 shows the relationship between the limit value L calculated by the equation (7) and the drive torque T d when the torque response time is 50 [ms].
- FIG. 21 shows the relationship between the limit value L calculated by the equation (13) and the drive torque Td when the torque response time is 50 [ms].
- the limiter coefficient may be divided by lambda 3.
- the expression (13) is not limited to the case where the torque response is slow as in the on-board electric vehicle V, and can be used even when the torque response is fast. In other words, by appropriately setting the value of the limiter coefficient k 11 according to the torque response time of the drive wheels, the equation (13) can be applied at any response time.
- FIG. 22 (A) shows the simulation results of FIG. 15 (B) in the above embodiment
- FIG. 22 (B) shows the limit values.
- the simulation result in the case of FIG. 19B in Modification Example 1 is shown again.
- the simulation conditions for obtaining the results shown in FIG. 22 were the same as those for the simulations for obtaining the results shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 described above, except for the torque response time specified above.
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Abstract
Description
Tm=Kt・Im …(1)
M・(dv/dt)=Fd-Fdr …(2)
Jw・(dω/dt)=Tm-r・Fd=Kt・Im-Td …(3)
μ=Fd/N …(4)
λ=(r・ω-v)/Max(r・ω,v) …(5)
110 … 制御ユニット(移動速度取得部、回転速度取得部、
実トルク値取得部、制御部)
700 … トラクション制御装置
710 … 移動速度取得部
720 … 回転速度取得部
730 … 実トルク値取得部
740 … 制御部
741 … スリップ率推定部
742 … 駆動トルク推定部
743 … リミット値算出部
744 … リミッタ部
図6には、一実施形態に係るトラクション制御装置700の位置付け及び構成が、ブロック図にて示されている。
図6に示されるように、トラクション制御装置700は、移動体MV内に配置される。この移動体MVには、トラクション制御装置700に加えて、トルク指令値生成部810、加速度検出部820及びモータ駆動系900が配置され、トラクション制御装置700に接続される。
トラクション制御装置700は、移動速度取得部710と、回転速度取得部720と、実トルク値取得部730と、制御部740とを備えている。
Td=Tm-Jw・(dω/dt) …(6)
こうして推定された駆動トルクTdは、リミット値算出部743へ送られる。
L=Td・(a+k/λ) …(7)
ここで、定数a及びリミッタ係数kは、適切なトラクション制御を行うとの観点から、実験、シミュレーション等により、予め定められる。
次に、上記のように構成されたトラクション制御装置700の動作について説明する。
本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形が可能である。
ここで、定数b及びリミッタ係数k11は、乾燥路面における駆動トルクの確保と、路面状態によらず安定な走行を実現するとの観点から、実験、シミュレーション等により予め定められる。
ここで、定数c及びリミッタ係数k21,k22は、乾燥路面における駆動トルクの確保と、路面状態によらず安定な走行を実現するとの観点から、実験、シミュレーション等により予め定められる。
図10には、一実施例に係るトラクション制御装置100の構成が概略的に示されている。このトラクション制御装置100は、上述した一実施形態に係るトラクション制御装置700の一の変形例の一態様となっている。
ここで、駆動制御部910j及び電流検出部950jについて、図11を参照して、より詳しく説明する。なお、本実施例では、モータ930jは、3相モータとなっている。
|ID,j|=(Id,j 2+Iq,j 2)1/2 …(10)
次に、トラクション制御装置100の構成について説明する。
次に、上記のように構成されたトラクション制御装置100によるトラクション制御の動作について、制御ユニット110による処理に着目して説明する。
次に、リミット値LFL~LRRの算出処理について説明する。
Lj=Td,j・(1+0.01/λj) …(11)
本発明は、上記の実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形が可能である。
Tm=Ts・(1/(τ1s+1)) …(12)
ここで、値τ1は、トルク応答の時定数である。
オンボード型電気自動車のように、モータから駆動輪までの間に機構部品が介在する場合には、インホイール型電気自動車の場合と比べて、駆動輪で発生するトルク応答が遅くなる。例えば、トルク応答時間が50[ms]であった場合には、駆動トルクTdの推定に遅れが生じ、リミット値Lの算出にも遅れが生じる。この結果、上述した(7)式をそのまま利用した場合には、トルク応答時間が5[ms]の場合と比べて、トルク制限にも遅れが生じる。この結果、図18(A)に示されるシミュレーション結果(トルク応答時間:5[ms])と、図18(B)に示されるシミュレーション結果(トルク応答時間:50[ms])とを比べてわかるように、スリップ率λの増加の抑制度合いが小さくなってしまう。
L=Td・(b+k11/λ2) …(13)
上述の(13)式を用いた場合の結果では,凍結路面に入った瞬間にスリップ率λが一旦増加してしまう。かかる増加の後、できるだけ迅速にスリップ率λを低下させるため、上述の(9)式を再掲する次の(14)式により、リミット値Lを算出するようにしてもよい。
L=Td・{(c+k21/λ2-k22・(dλ/dt)} …(14)
Claims (10)
- モータによって駆動される駆動輪を有する移動体のトラクション制御装置であって、
前記移動体の移動速度を取得する移動速度取得部と;
前記駆動輪の回転速度を取得する回転速度取得部と;
前記モータが発生する実トルク値を取得する実トルク値取得部と;
前記移動速度、前記回転速度及び前記実トルク値に基づいて、前記モータの動作の制限制御を行う制御部と;
を備えることを特徴とするトラクション制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記移動速度及び前記回転速度に基づいて、前記駆動輪のスリップ率を推定するスリップ率推定部と;
前記回転速度を微分した値に前記駆動輪の慣性モーメント値を乗じた値を、前記実トルク値から減算した値に基づいて、前記駆動輪の駆動トルクを推定する駆動トルク推定部と;
前記推定されたスリップ率と、前記推定された駆動トルクとに基づいて、トルク設定値のリミット値を算出するリミット値算出部と;
前記算出されたリミット値に基づいて、トルク設定値を制限するリミッタ部と;
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトラクション制御装置。 - 前記リミット値算出部は、スリップ率が小さいほど駆動トルクに対して弱いリミッタとなり、スリップ率が大きいほど駆動トルクに対して強いリミッタとなるように、前記リミット値を算出する、ことを特徴とする請求項2のトラクション制御装置。
- 前記リミット値算出部は、前記推定された駆動トルクTd、前記推定されたスリップ率λ、予め定められた定数a及びリミッタ係数kを用いて、下記の(I)式により、前記リミット値Lを算出する、
L=Td・(a+k/λ) …(I)
ことを特徴とする請求項3のトラクション制御装置。 - 前記リミット値算出部は、前記推定された駆動トルクTd、前記推定されたスリップ率λ、予め定められた定数b及びリミッタ係数k11を用いて、下記の(II)式により、前記リミット値Lを算出する、
L=Td・(b+k11/λ2) …(II)
ことを特徴とする請求項3のトラクション制御装置。 - 前記リミット値算出部は、前記推定された駆動トルクTd、前記推定されたスリップ率λ、予め定められた定数c及びリミッタ係数k21,k22、並びに、前記推定されたスリップ率λの時間変化率(dλ/dt)を用いて、下記の(III)式により、前記リミット値Lを算出する、
L=Td・{(c+k21/λ2-k22・(dλ/dt)}…(III)
ことを特徴とする請求項3のトラクション制御装置。 - 前記駆動輪の数は複数であり、
前記リミッタ部は、前記複数の駆動輪のそれぞれについて算出されたリミット値の最小値に基づいて、前記複数の駆動輪の全てのトルク設定値を制限する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のトラクション制御装置。 - モータによって駆動される駆動輪を有する移動体のトラクション制御装置において使用されるトラクション制御方法であって、
前記移動体の移動速度、前記駆動輪の回転速度、及び、前記モータが発生する実トルク値を取得する取得工程と;
前記移動速度、前記回転速度及び前記実トルク値に基づいて、前記モータの動作の制限制御を行う制御工程と;
を備えることを特徴とするトラクション制御方法。 - モータによって駆動される駆動輪を有する移動体のトラクション制御装置が有するコンピュータに、請求項8に記載のトラクション制御方法を実行させる、ことを特徴とするトラクション制御プログラム。
- モータによって駆動される駆動輪を有する移動体のトラクション制御装置が有するコンピュータにより読み取り可能に、請求項9に記載のトラクション制御プログラムが記録されている、ことを特徴とする記録媒体。
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PCT/JP2013/059918 WO2014162443A1 (ja) | 2013-04-01 | 2013-04-01 | トラクション制御装置及びトラクション制御方法 |
US14/781,680 US9421882B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2013-04-01 | Traction control device and traction control method |
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EP2982538A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2982538A4 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
US20160039311A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
JPWO2014162443A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
JP5994192B2 (ja) | 2016-09-21 |
US9421882B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
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