WO2014133184A1 - 多孔質膜の欠陥検出方法および欠陥検査装置 - Google Patents
多孔質膜の欠陥検出方法および欠陥検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014133184A1 WO2014133184A1 PCT/JP2014/055295 JP2014055295W WO2014133184A1 WO 2014133184 A1 WO2014133184 A1 WO 2014133184A1 JP 2014055295 W JP2014055295 W JP 2014055295W WO 2014133184 A1 WO2014133184 A1 WO 2014133184A1
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- fiber membrane
- signal strength
- hollow fiber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
- B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/06—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool
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- the present invention relates to a defect detection method and a defect inspection apparatus for detecting defects in a porous membrane, particularly a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the container having a high hermeticity containing liquid and the traveling of the porous hollow fiber membrane so as to pass through the liquid contained in the container are regulated. Regulating means, pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure inside the container by exhausting air from the gas phase of the container, and bubble detecting means for detecting bubbles sucked into the liquid from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane, Known defect inspection apparatuses are known.
- the gas-phase pressure is reduced by exhausting the gas-phase air in a highly airtight container containing a liquid.
- the pressure of the liquid in the container decreases, so if there is a defect in the hollow fiber membrane, the air in the hollow part of the porous hollow fiber membrane running in the liquid is sucked into the liquid from the defect. Bubbles are generated.
- bubbles generated from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane can be indirectly detected.
- noise signals derived from elements other than defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane such as foreign matters mixed in the liquid contained in the container, bubbles generated from dissolved gas in the liquid, and microbubbles generated by water flow in the container are generated.
- noise signals due to these factors is erroneously determined as a signal due to a defect in the porous hollow fiber membrane. Such false detection adversely affects the production efficiency of the product.
- the present invention accurately discriminates signals derived from defects in the porous membrane from the detection signals, and can accurately detect defects in the porous membrane, particularly the porous hollow fiber membrane. It aims to provide a processing method.
- the present invention branches from a container in which a liquid is stored, a hollow fiber membrane running channel that allows a porous hollow fiber membrane to pass continuously, and the hollow fiber membrane running channel.
- a flow path member in which a branch flow path leading to one wall surface is formed so as to penetrate the inside, and openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running flow path are disposed in the liquid, and the flow path is filled with the liquid
- a regulating means for regulating the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane so as to pass through the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel of the channel member, and the hollow fiber membrane running channel of the channel member The liquid is sucked through the branch flow path, the liquid suction means for lowering the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path, the light emitting part for injecting the inspection light into the liquid, and the liquid passed through the liquid.
- a light receiving portion for receiving inspection light, and the liquid from a defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane A bubble detection means for detecting bubbles sucked into the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus, comprising: a measurement step of measuring a signal from the light receiving unit at a predetermined sampling period; A separation step of separating the measured signal into a signal part derived from bubbles from a defect and a noise signal part; an output step of outputting the signal part derived from bubbles as a defect inspection result of the porous hollow fiber membrane; It is characterized by having.
- the separation step binarizes the measured signal into a signal composed of a signal intensity 1 and a signal intensity 0 using a predetermined threshold value, and the binarization step.
- the signal binarized by the binarization step changes from the signal strength 1 to the signal strength 0, the signal strength 0 again from the signal strength 1 within the predetermined validity / invalidity determination time from when the signal strength 1 changes to the signal strength 0.
- the inspection result is a defect of the porous film. Is output.
- the second determination step it is preferable that when it is determined that the time in which the signal strength is 1 before the signal strength is changed to 0 in the second determination step does not continue for more than the effective determination time, It further has a second processing step for correcting the signal intensity 1 portion to the signal intensity 0.
- the porous film is not defective in the output step when it is determined in the third determination step that the state of the signal intensity 1 does not continue for the minimum duration or more.
- the test result is output.
- the present invention is preferably characterized in that the separation step includes a step of performing a moving average process on the measured signal.
- the present invention also provides a container in which a liquid is stored, a hollow fiber membrane running channel that continuously passes through the porous hollow fiber membrane, and a branched flow that branches from the hollow fiber membrane running channel and leads to one wall surface.
- a flow path member formed so as to penetrate the interior, and openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path are disposed in the liquid, and the flow path is filled with the liquid; and the flow path member Restricting means for restricting the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane so as to pass through the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel of the hollow fiber membrane, and the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel of the flow channel member as the branch channel
- a liquid suction means for lowering the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel, a light emitting part for injecting inspection light into the liquid, and a light receiving part for receiving the inspection light transmitted through the liquid And detecting bubbles sucked into the liquid from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a bubble detecting means a measuring means for measuring a signal from the light receiving unit at a predetermined sampling period, a separating means for separating the measured signal into a signal part derived from bubbles from a defect and a noise signal part, And a detection processing means having an output means for outputting a signal portion derived from the bubbles as a defect inspection result of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the separation unit further includes a binarization unit that binarizes the signal measured by the measurement unit into a signal having a signal intensity of 1 and a signal intensity of 0 using a predetermined threshold.
- a discriminating unit that discriminates a change in signal intensity of the binarized signal while a predetermined time elapses from a certain point in time for the signal binarized by the binarizing unit; and a discrimination result of the discriminating unit
- processing means for correcting the signal intensity from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0 for the binarized signal, and the output means outputs a signal according to the determination result of the determination means.
- the processing means changes from the signal strength 1 to the signal strength 0.
- a first processing step for correcting the signal strength from 1 to when the signal strength changes from 0 to 1 again is executed, and in the first determination step, the validity / invalidity determination is performed. If the determination means determines that the signal strength has not changed to 1 within the time, does the determination means continue for a time equal to or longer than the predetermined effective determination time before the signal strength changes to 0?
- a second determination step is performed to determine whether or not the signal corrected by the processing means in the first processing step and before the signal intensity is changed to 0 in the second determination step. For the signal determined by the determining means that the time in which the signal intensity was in the state of 1 continues for the effective determination time or more, the determining means further determines whether the state of the signal intensity of 1 continues for the predetermined minimum duration or more.
- a third determination step of determining whether or not is performed is characterized.
- the output means is a defect in the porous film.
- the inspection result is output as follows.
- the processing means corrects the portion of the signal strength 1 to a signal strength of 0.
- the output unit sets the porous film in the output step. An inspection result indicating that there is no defect is output.
- the present invention is preferably characterized in that the separation means performs a moving averaging process on the measured signal.
- the separation step binarizes the measured signal into a signal composed of a signal intensity 1 and a signal intensity 0 using a predetermined threshold value, and the binarization step.
- the signal binarized in the binarization step changes from the signal strength 1 to the signal strength 0, it is determined whether or not the time of the signal strength 1 has continued for a predetermined effective determination time or more. 1 and a signal strength determined to have been changed from the signal strength 1 to the signal strength 0 for the signal that has been determined to have not been longer than the effective determination time in the first determination step.
- a second discrimination step for discriminating whether or not the signal strength changes from 0 to 1 again within a predetermined valid / invalid discrimination time, and the signal strength within the valid / invalid discrimination time in the second discrimination step. 1 If it is determined that the signal strength has changed, the first processing for correcting the signal strength from the time when the signal strength changes from 1 to 0 to the time when the signal strength changes from 0 to 1 again. A signal determined to have continued for a predetermined effective determination time and a signal corrected in the first processing step; and a signal corrected in the first processing step. And a third determination step of determining whether or not the state of the signal strength 1 continues for a predetermined minimum duration or more.
- the output step is an inspection result as a defect of the porous film when it is determined in the third determination step that the state of the signal intensity 1 continues for the minimum duration or more. Is output.
- the signal strength 1 portion is corrected to the signal strength 0.
- the method further includes a second processing step.
- the porous film is not defective in the output step when it is determined in the third determination step that the state of the signal intensity 1 does not continue for the minimum duration or more.
- the test result is output.
- the separation unit further includes a binarization unit that binarizes the signal measured by the measurement unit into a signal having a signal intensity of 1 and a signal intensity of 0 using a predetermined threshold.
- a discriminating unit that discriminates a change in signal intensity of the binarized signal while a predetermined time elapses from a certain point in time for the signal binarized by the binarizing unit; and a discrimination result of the discriminating unit
- processing means for correcting the signal intensity from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0 for the binarized signal, and the output means outputs a signal according to the determination result of the determination means.
- the discrimination means continues for a period of time greater than or equal to a predetermined effective discrimination time.
- a first determination step for determining whether or not The determination means further performs signal processing on the signal determined in the first determination step that the determination means has not continued for more than the effective determination time during the signal strength 1 state. Executing a second determination step of determining whether or not the signal intensity changes from 0 to 1 again within a predetermined valid / invalid determination time from when the intensity changes from 1 to 0; If the determination means determines that the signal strength has changed to 1 within the validity / invalidity determination time, the signal strength 0 is changed to the signal strength 1 again after the processing means has changed from the signal strength 1 to the signal strength 0.
- the first processing step for correcting the signal intensity until the time of change to 1 is executed, and the time during which the signal intensity is 1 in the first determination step is a predetermined valid determination time
- the determining means further maintains the signal intensity 1 state for a predetermined minimum duration or longer.
- a third discrimination step for discriminating whether or not there is performed is performed.
- the output means is a defect in the porous film.
- the inspection result is output as follows.
- the processing unit is a portion of the signal strength 1. Is corrected to a signal intensity of 0.
- the output unit sets the porous film in the output step. An inspection result indicating that there is no defect is output.
- the separation step binarizes the measured signal into a signal composed of a signal intensity 1 and a signal intensity 0 using a predetermined threshold value, and the binarization step.
- the signal binarized in the value conversion step changes from signal strength 1 to signal strength 0, the signal is returned from signal strength 0 again within a predetermined validity / invalidity determination time from when signal strength 1 changes to signal strength 0.
- An effective / invalidity determining step for determining whether or not the intensity changes to 1, and a signal intensity of 1 again from a signal intensity of 0 within a predetermined effective / invalidation determining time after the signal intensity of 1 is changed to 0 in the effective / ineffective determining step.
- the signal strength from the time when the signal strength 1 is changed to 0 to the time when the signal strength 0 is changed to the signal strength 1 again is corrected to 1.
- a minimum duration determination step for determining whether or not there is.
- the inspection result is output as a defect of the porous film. It is characterized by that.
- the present invention it is possible to accurately determine a signal derived from a defect in the porous membrane from among the detection signals, and to accurately detect a defect in the porous membrane, particularly the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 2 cut along a straight line I-I ′.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 2 cut along a straight line II-II ′.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 4 cut along a straight line III-III ′.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 4 cut along a straight line IV-IV ′. It is a flowchart figure which shows the defect detection method which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the signal detected by the light-receiving part of the defect inspection apparatus of this invention, and the signal which binarized the signal. It is a flowchart figure which shows the defect detection method which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “defect inspection apparatus 1”) includes a container 10 containing a liquid L and a flow path member 20. is doing.
- the flow path member 20 is filled with the liquid L, and a hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 through which the porous hollow fiber membrane M passes is formed so as to penetrate the flow path member 20.
- the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 has openings 21 a and 21 b at both ends, and these openings 21 a and 21 b are arranged in the liquid L.
- the flow path member 20 has a space expanding portion 22, and a branch flow path 23 branched from the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 is formed in the space expanding portion 22 so as to penetrate the inside. .
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 is configured to restrict the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane M so as to pass through the hollow fiber membrane travel flow channel 21 of the flow channel member 20 and the liquid L in the space expanding portion 22. Then, the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 of the flow path member 20 is sucked from the space enlargement portion 22 through the branch flow path 23 to reduce the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 also has a liquid inflow line 60 through which the liquid L flows into the container 10.
- the liquid inflow line 60 has one end connected to a liquid supply source (not shown), the other end connected to the container 10, a liquid supply line 61 into which liquid flows from the liquid supply source, and one end connected to the flow path member 20.
- the liquid suction means 40 is provided in the middle of the liquid circulation line 63 and can suck the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63.
- the container 10 is a container in which the liquid L is stored as described above. In the present embodiment, the flow path member 20 is immersed in the stored liquid L.
- the material of the container 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is not corroded by moisture or the liquid L, or is not attacked by the liquid L.
- a resin such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacetal, Examples thereof include metals and alloys such as iron, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel, and titanium, or composite materials thereof.
- the shape and size of the container 10 can immerse the flow path member 20, and when the liquid L in the container 10 is sucked from the openings 21 a and 21 b at both ends of the flow path member 20, a vortex is generated to draw air from the liquid surface. What is necessary is just to be able to ensure the liquid depth which does not attract
- the container 10 is connected to a liquid supply source (not shown) by a liquid supply line 61, and a defoaming unit 64 and a deaeration unit 65 are provided in the middle of the liquid supply line 61.
- the container 10 is supplied with the liquid L from the liquid supply source through the liquid supply line 61. Further, bubbles in the supplied liquid L are removed by the defoaming means 64. Thereby, since the misdetection by the bubble contained in the supplied liquid L can be suppressed, the reliability of the detection of the bubble sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M improves.
- the dissolved gas is removed by the deaeration means 65.
- the defoaming means 64 and the degassing means 65 may be any one that can remove bubbles or dissolved gas in the liquid L supplied to the container 10 to such an extent that the bubble detection is not affected. Examples include those capable of separating bubbles in the liquid L, such as a filtration module using a separation membrane having a filtration accuracy of about 0.1 ⁇ m that can also remove foreign matters. Examples of the degassing means 65 include those capable of degassing dissolved gas in the liquid L, such as a combination of a degassing module using a gas separation membrane and the decompression means 66.
- the container 10 has a drain outlet for overflow, and the liquid L stored in the container 10 is overflowed through the liquid discharge line 62 so that the liquid level of the liquid L in the container 10 is kept constant. It is supposed to be.
- the foreign substance mixed in the liquid L circulating in the container 10 and the dissolved gas that has become bubbles generated in the liquid L in the flow path member 20 and the liquid suction means 40 can be efficiently removed. Incorrect detection due to bubbles contained in the liquid L to be performed can be suppressed.
- the defoaming means 64 provided in the liquid supply line 61 and the defoaming means 67 provided in the liquid circulation line 63 are effective even when used alone, but it is preferable to use both.
- the defoaming means 67 is provided with a drain outlet in the portion where the bubbles are separated but accumulated, and always discharges an appropriate amount of the liquid L out of the container 10 or detects the liquid level with a liquid level gauge and intermittently with a solenoid valve or the like. By exhausting the gas, it is possible to prevent gas from accumulating in the defoaming means 67 and reducing the liquid filtration area.
- Examples of the defoaming means 67 include the same ones as those given for the defoaming means 64.
- a deaeration unit may be provided in the liquid circulation line 63.
- the liquid L examples include water, methanol, ethanol, formamide used as a wetting tension test reagent, or a mixture of these with water. Since the surface tension affects the size of the detectable defect, a liquid whose surface tension characteristics are accurately known is preferable. From the viewpoint of handling and wastewater treatment, water (surface tension of 73.0 mN / 28 at 28 ° C.) is preferable. m) is particularly preferable. Further, a mixture of water and methanol, the surface tension of which is adjusted by adjusting the temperature, the mixing ratio, etc., may be used as the liquid L.
- a defect detection device when incorporated in the porous hollow fiber membrane production line and defects are continuously detected on the porous hollow fiber membrane production line, it is used, for example, for cleaning the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a liquid for example, pure water
- the container 10 may be a container that stores a cleaning liquid in a cleaning device that cleans the porous hollow fiber membrane after spinning.
- the surface tension of the liquid L is monitored, and water to the container 10 is monitored. It is preferable to have a mechanism that keeps the surface tension of the liquid L constant by controlling the supply amount.
- the flow path member 20 is branched from a hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 through which the porous hollow fiber membrane M passes and a hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21.
- the branch channel 23 is formed so as to penetrate the inside.
- a space expanding portion 22 having an expanded flow path width is provided, and the branch flow path 23 is branched at the space expanding portion 22.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L accommodated in the container 10 so that the openings 21a and 21b at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 are disposed in the liquid L, thereby
- the liquid L flows from the openings 21 a and 21 b, and the entire hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 including the space expanding portion 22 and the inside of the branch channel 23 are filled with the liquid L.
- the branch flow path 23 is connected to the liquid suction means 40 through the liquid circulation line 63, and the liquid suction means 40 can suck the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 from the space expansion portion 22 through the branch flow path 23. It is like that.
- the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 is caused by the flow pressure loss of the liquid L flowing between the outer peripheral portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21.
- the pressure of the liquid L inside 21 can be reduced.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 is lowest at the connection portion with the branch flow path 23 in the space expanding portion 22.
- the flow path of the flow path member 20 is filled with the liquid L in this way, and the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 is sucked from the space expanding portion 22 toward the branch flow path 23.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is continuously run in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 maintained in a reduced pressure state.
- the flow path member 20 of the present embodiment includes a groove that forms a hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 having a space expanding portion 22 at the center, and a branch flow path 23.
- the upper part of the flow path member main body 20a in which is formed is closed by the upper lid part 20b. Even if the flow path member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b do not have a special mechanism, the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 and the branch flow path 23 is reduced by the suction by the liquid suction means 40. As a result, the flow path member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b are firmly fixed to each other.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is removed from the flow channel member main body by opening the upper cover portion 20b. It can be easily removed from 20a. You may provide the mechanism for closing them in the flow-path member main body 20a and the upper cover part 20b.
- the channel member 20 When the channel member 20 is formed by closing the upper part of the channel member main body 20a in which the groove forming the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 and the branch channel 23 are formed by the upper lid 20b, If even a small amount of outside air is sucked from the mating surface of the member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b and mixed into the liquid L, the bubbles may be erroneously detected as a defect. In order to prevent this problem, it is possible to adopt a structure that sufficiently secures the airtightness of the mating surfaces of the flow path member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b, or the entire joining line of the mating surfaces of the flow channel member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b.
- the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is such that the upper part of the channel member main body 20a in which the groove forming the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 having the space expanding portion 22 is formed is closed by the upper lid 20b.
- a rectangular shape is preferred as shown in FIG.
- the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 is rectangular, even if the porous hollow fiber membrane M contacts the wall surface of the flow path, the contact area is smaller than when the cross-sectional shape is circular. It is also advantageous in that it is difficult to cause damage.
- the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21
- the groove forming the flow channel may be formed only on the flow channel member main body 20a side, and the mating surface of the upper lid portion 20b can be made flat. . If it does in this way, channel processing will be easy and precise positioning of channel member main part 20a and upper lid part 20b is unnecessary.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M when the porous hollow fiber membrane M is disposed in the flow channel, the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be completely inserted into the groove formed in the flow channel member main body 20a, so that the upper lid portion 20b is closed. There is no possibility of sandwiching the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the mating surface. Even when the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is triangular, if one side is formed by the bottom of the upper lid portion 20b, the same effect as the rectangular shape can be obtained. However, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is not limited to a rectangle or a triangle, and may be a polygon or a circle of pentagon or more.
- the gap between the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 and the porous hollow fiber membrane M is preferably 5% to 40% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, and more preferably 10% to 20%. If the clearance of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, the porous hollow fiber membrane M may be damaged by contact with the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 or the porous hollow fiber membrane M may be run. It is easy to suppress an increase in resistance. If the clearance of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or less than the above upper limit value, the porous hollow fiber membrane M is vibrated or bent by the flow of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 to cause the porous hollow fiber to flow.
- the width d1 of the portion of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 other than the space expansion portion 22 is preferably 110% to 180%, more preferably 120% to 140% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the height d2 of the portion other than the space expansion portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is preferably 110% to 180%, more preferably 120% to 140% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the inner wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is subjected to precision grinding finish, polishing finish, satin finish or the like so that the surface of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is not damaged even when the porous hollow fiber membrane M comes into contact. It is preferable to finish smoothly, and the finishing of the inner wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel may be the same or different. In addition, it is more preferable to apply a fluorine-based coating or a diamond-like carbon coating that reduces the frictional resistance with the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is preferably a square in the case of a rectangle, and a regular triangle or a circle in the case of a triangle.
- the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is a regular polygon or a circle, the flow state of the liquid L flowing around the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is the porous hollow fiber. The state is axisymmetric with respect to the central axis of the membrane M, and the running state of the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 tends to be stable.
- the length D (FIG. 3) of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 varies depending on the inspection speed (travel speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane M) and the like, but is preferably 100 mm to 2000 mm, and more preferably 300 mm to 1000 mm. If the length D of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, it is easy to detect bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. If the length D of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or less than the upper limit value, it is easy to suppress the running resistance of the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the defect inspection apparatus 1 from becoming excessive.
- the distance from the opening 21b and the opening 21a to the branch flow path 23 and the flow path structure may be the same or different, and may be appropriately selected according to desired conditions.
- the structure of the flow path from the opening 21 b and the opening 21 a to the branch flow path 23 is preferably symmetrical with respect to the branch flow path 23. With such a structure, when the liquid L is sucked from the branch channel 23 by the liquid suction means 40, the pressure distribution of the liquid L from the opening 21b and the opening 21a to the branch channel 23 is symmetric with respect to the branch channel 23.
- the position where the bubbles start to emerge from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the position where the bubbles do not emerge are symmetric with respect to the branch flow path 23.
- the defect position of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be accurately identified from the traveling speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the width w1 and the height h (FIGS. 3 and 7) of the space expanding portion 22 are wider than the width d1 and the height d2 of the portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21. It is preferable that the space expanding portion 22 and the other connecting portions in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 are smoothly finished so as not to have an acute angle portion. By eliminating the acute angle part, the liquid L is prevented from becoming a source of vortex and cavitation when the liquid L flows, and the generation of vacuum bubbles and vibration of the porous hollow fiber membrane M are suppressed. It becomes easy. For the same reason, it is preferable that the connecting portion between the branch flow path 23 and the space expanding portion 22 is also smoothly finished so as not to have an acute angle portion.
- the width w1 (FIG. 3) of the space expanding portion 22 is made larger than the width d1 of a portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21, or space expansion.
- a method of increasing the length f (FIG. 3) of the portion 22 may be used.
- the width w1 of the space expanding portion 22 is preferably at least twice the width d1 of the portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21.
- the length f of the space expanding portion 22 is preferably about 2 to 20 times the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, more preferably about 4 to 10 times. If the length f of the space expanding part 22 is not less than the lower limit value, the cross-sectional area of the gap between the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the space expanding part 22 is expanded, and the flow pressure loss is reduced. If the length f of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or less than the upper limit value, the support interval of the porous hollow fiber membrane M by the restricting means 30 is widened so that the porous hollow fiber membrane M is bent toward the branch flow path 23 side. Easy to suppress.
- the width w1 of the space expanding part 22 is not less than the lower limit and the length f of the space expanding part 22 is not more than the upper limit, the liquid L in the gap between the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the space expanding part 22 flows. It is easy to reduce the flow pressure loss during the process, and to prevent the porous hollow fiber membrane M from being greatly bent toward the branch flow path 23 in the space expanding portion 22. In addition, the running state of the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the space expanding portion 22 can be maintained better.
- the flow path member 20 forms a groove for forming the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 in the flow path member main body 20a, and corresponds to the space expansion portion 22 of the mating surface of the upper lid portion 20b.
- a portion in which a space expansion groove 22b having the same planar shape as the groove of the space expansion portion 22 formed in the flow path member main body 20a and having a depth approximately twice the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is formed in a closed flow.
- the road member 20A may be used.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 decreases from both the openings 21a and 21b toward the inside of the channel, and the flow path of the space expanding portion 22 in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 is reduced. It is lowest at the branching portion, that is, at the inlet portion of the branch flow path 23 where the liquid L is sucked.
- the width W1 and the height h of the space expanding portion 22 are increased, the flow pressure loss of the liquid L in the space expanding portion 22 is reduced, the amount of pressure change in the length f direction is reduced, and the interior of the space expanding portion 22 is reduced. Can be at a higher degree of vacuum.
- the height h of the space enlargement portion 22 is preferably 1 to 10 times the width w1 of the space enlargement portion 22. If the height h of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, the amount of pressure change in the length f direction in the space expanding portion 22 is further reduced.
- the increase in the replacement time of the liquid L due to the increase in the volume in the space expanding portion 22 and the decrease in the detection accuracy and the inspection speed of bubbles due to the increase in the staying portion It is easy to suppress.
- the cross-sectional shape of the branch flow path 23 is preferably circular because the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution of the liquid L flowing inside is rotationally symmetric and the flow position of bubbles mixed in the liquid L is more stable.
- the cross-sectional shape of the branch flow path 23 is not limited to a circular shape, and may be any shape as long as the liquid L or bubbles can flow, such as a rectangular shape, and may be appropriately selected according to desired conditions.
- the material of the flow path member 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is not corroded by the liquid L or is not affected by the liquid L.
- polyester polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacetal, fluorine
- resins such as polyether ether ketone, metals and alloys such as iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, and stainless steel, or composite materials thereof.
- the regulating means 30 is composed of four guide rolls 31-34.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is restricted in travel by these guide rolls 31 to 34, and is continuously drawn into the liquid L contained in the container 10 as shown in FIG. 20 is introduced into the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21, passes through the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21, is led out from the opening 21 b, and then drawn out of the liquid L. Yes.
- guide rolls 31 to 34 in the regulating means 30 guide rolls that are usually used for the production of porous hollow fiber membranes can be used.
- the liquid suction means 40 sucks the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23, and reduces the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21. .
- the liquid suction means 40 is connected to the branch flow path 23 through the liquid circulation line 63, and from the inside of the space expansion portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63.
- the liquid L can be sucked.
- the sucked liquid L is returned into the container 10 through the liquid circulation line 63.
- the defect inspection apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this form, and may be a form in which the liquid L sucked by the liquid suction means 40 is discarded.
- any means capable of sucking the liquid L in the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23 may be used, and examples thereof include a gear pump and a cascade pump.
- a sealless type pump such as a magnet coupling has a pump rotating shaft that is blocked from outside air, so that outside air leaks into the liquid L in a highly decompressed state from the seal portion, and fine bubbles in the liquid L. This is particularly preferable in that there is no risk of flowing into the container 10.
- the liquid suction means 40 requires adjustment means in order to obtain a desired degree of decompression. Any adjusting means may be used as long as the degree of decompression can be adjusted.
- a method of providing bypass piping and using manual adjustment or automatic adjustment there is a method of providing bypass piping and using manual adjustment or automatic adjustment.
- the method of controlling the rotational speed of the liquid suction means 40 with an inverter is preferable because the circulation line of the liquid L becomes simple and adjustment is easy.
- a pressure gauge 68 is provided upstream of the liquid suction means 40 in the liquid circulation line 63, and the output of the pressure gauge 68 is fed back to the inverter to automatically adjust the pump rotation speed and the like of the liquid suction means 40. More preferably, it can be controlled.
- the bubble detection means 50 is a means for detecting bubbles sucked into the liquid L from the porous hollow fiber membrane M. By detecting the bubbles sucked into the liquid L from the defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, the defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be indirectly detected. Any bubble detecting means 50 may be used as long as bubbles can be detected. Among these, when performing a plurality of detections, a photoelectric sensor that has a small sensing unit and can be installed compactly is preferable. Specific examples include fiber sensors made by OMRON (model E3X-DA11AN-S) with built-in amplifier and KEYENCE (model FS-N11N (FS-N10 series)).
- the bubble detection means is installed between the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel and the liquid suction means. Specifically, in the present embodiment, between the opening end on the space expanding portion 22 side in the branch channel 23 and the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23, or the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23. It is preferable that it is installed in the middle of piping from the liquid suction means.
- Bubble detection means may be provided in the hollow fiber membrane running channel to detect bubbles sucked out of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Bubble detection means may be provided in the hollow fiber membrane running channel to detect bubbles sucked out of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- air bubbles are detected from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane. The position where the liquid is sucked out varies depending on the size of the defect and the degree of decompression of the liquid.
- the bubbles move at a high speed together with the porous hollow fiber membrane until the bubbles are separated from the porous hollow fiber membrane. . Therefore, in this case, in order to stably detect the bubbles generated from the porous hollow fiber membrane in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel, a plurality of bubble detection means are provided along the channel axis of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel. It is necessary to provide it. On the other hand, the bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane passing through the hollow fiber membrane running channel move together with the fluid flowing by suction.
- the liquid suction means is provided between the opening end on the space expanding portion 22 side in the branch channel 23 and the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23 or from the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23. If the bubble detection means is installed in the middle of the pipe up to, the air bubbles generated by sucking out the air in the inner space of the porous hollow fiber membrane M through the defect pass through these portions together with the liquid L to be sucked. A single bubble detection means can stably detect bubbles.
- the bubble detection means 50 is installed in the branch channel 23 portion of the channel member 20.
- the air bubbles sucked out from the defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane M flow into the branch flow channel 23 together with the liquid L flowing from the openings 21a and 21b toward the branch flow channel 23 in the hollow fiber membrane running flow channel 21, and the bubbles It is detected by the detecting means 50.
- the bubble detection means 50 has a light output part 51 for entering the inspection light into the liquid L and a light receiving part 52 for receiving the inspection light from the liquid L.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 in the bubble detecting means 50 may be installed in any way as long as the bubble can be detected, and the light exiting part or the light receiving part tip may be in contact with or not in contact with the liquid L. .
- the light emitting part and the tip part of the light receiving part are installed so as to be located in the liquid L sucked from the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21.
- the light exit portion 51 and the light receiving portion 52 are installed in a form protruding from the wall surface of the branch flow channel 23 into the branch flow channel 23 so as to be in contact with the liquid L.
- the suctioned liquid L may be used when a part of the flow path member 20 in the vicinity of the branch flow path 23 or the inner wall surface of the liquid circulation line 63 is subjected to a process that suppresses adhesion of dirt and bubbles.
- the tip portions of the light exit portion and the light receiving portion may be installed so as to be flush with the wall surface.
- a part of the periphery of the branch flow path 23 or the liquid circulation line 63 is formed of a resin material that transmits light, the light emitting part and the light receiving part are outside the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63. It may be in the form of being installed.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 of the bubble detecting means 50 are arranged so as to face each other in terms of efficiently capturing the light emitted from the light exiting part 51 into the light receiving part 52 and sensitively detecting a change in the amount of light when the bubble passes. It is preferable that it is installed in.
- the bubble detecting means 50 when the bubble passes between the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 in the branch flow path 23, the inspection light incident on the liquid L from the light exiting part 51 is refracted and scattered by the bubble and received. Since the amount of the inspection light that reaches the portion 52 is reduced, the bubble can be detected by this change in the amount of light.
- the bubble detection means 50 may be installed so that the optical axis of the light exiting part 51 and the optical axis of the light receiving part 52 intersect in the liquid L in the branch flow path 23.
- the light emitting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 are installed in this way, the light emitted from the light emitting part 51 does not reach the light receiving part 52 when there is no bubble, and is emitted from the light emitting part 51 when the bubble passes.
- the light is reflected or scattered by the bubble, and the reflected light or scattered light reaches the light receiving unit 52, so that the bubble can be detected by this change in the amount of light.
- the method of detecting the bubbles by receiving the reflected light or scattered light from the bubbles is more susceptible to disturbance light than the method of detecting the bubbles by shielding the bubbles, and the optical axis of the light output portion 51 in the liquid L. Since the change in the light amount of the light receiving unit 52 is reduced by the bubbles overlapping in the optical axis direction of each of the optical axes of the light receiving unit 52, the influence of the disturbance light is reduced to reduce the influence, or the intensity of the inspection light emitted from the light emitting unit 51 It is preferable to adopt a means for increasing the value.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 are provided such that the optical axis of the light exiting part 51 and the optical axis of the light receiving part 52 pass through the part where the flow velocity of the flowing liquid flowing in the branch flow path 23 is maximum. It is preferable.
- the bubble passing through the branch flow path 23 has a high probability of passing through the portion where the flow velocity in the flowing liquid is maximum, so that the optical axes of the light exiting portion 51 and the light receiving portion 52 pass through this portion, so that Air bubbles can be detected stably.
- the optical axes of the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 pass through the center of the branch flow path 23.
- the optical axes of the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 may be orthogonal to the flow path axis of the branch flow path 23 or may be inclined with respect to the flow path axis of the branch flow path 23.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L stored in the container 10, so that the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 and the branch flow path 23 are opened from the openings 21 a and 21 b of the flow path member 20.
- the liquid L flows into the channel and the flow paths are filled with the liquid L.
- the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 is sucked by the liquid suction means 40 from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63, and the pressure is reduced due to the flow pressure loss. Yes.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is caused to travel so as to pass through the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21, so that the porous hollow fiber membrane M is formed in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21.
- the air inside is sucked out from the defective part and bubbles are generated.
- the bubbles are detected by the bubble detection means 50, and a signal processing described later is performed to detect defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the bubble detection means 50 detects bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, and the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is based on the detection signal. Is detected.
- the liquid supply line 61 that connects the container 10 and a liquid supply source (not shown) is provided with the defoaming means 64 and the degassing means 65 in order to improve the reliability of the bubble detection.
- the noise signal is removed from the detected signal and absorbed from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- signal processing and a defect detection method executed by an information processing apparatus (not shown) for signals detected by the bubble detection means 50 will be described.
- signals derived from bubbles sucked out from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane M tend to have a high strength and a long signal duration.
- a noise signal often has a small intensity, and even when the intensity is large, the noise signal tends to be a spike-like signal having a short duration.
- the defect detection method of the present embodiment performs signal processing using this tendency.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing processing performed by the defect detection apparatus 1 in the defect detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the light emitted from the light exiting part 51 reaches the light receiving part 52 through the branch flow path 23, and a signal is generated.
- An example of the signal output from the light receiving unit 52 is shown in the upper part of FIG.
- the graph is plotted with the elapsed time on the horizontal axis and the output voltage on the vertical axis.
- a photoelectric sensor is used as the light receiving unit 52, and light emitted from the light emitting unit 51 reaches the light receiving unit 52 without being scattered in a state where no bubbles pass through the branch flow path 23.
- the voltage value becomes a high value.
- the defect detection method starts when the defect detection apparatus 1 receives such a signal from the light receiving unit 52 and measures it at a sampling period of 5 ms (S100).
- the sampling period is set to 5 ms, but it is preferable to set appropriately according to the system, the sample, the environment at the time of measurement, and the like.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 performs binarization processing of this signal in the binarization processing step (S101).
- S101 An example of the signal after binarization processing is shown in the lower part of FIG. As described above, the voltage value is high when the bubbles do not pass through the branch flow path 23, and the voltage value is low when the bubbles are passing.
- the signal strength “1” is assigned to the voltage that is lower, and the signal strength “0” is assigned to the voltage that is higher than the binarized voltage level V0. In this way, the influence of a minute noise signal is first eliminated.
- the threshold value used in the binarization process can be appropriately set depending on the system, the sample, the measurement environment, and the like. An example of the signal is shown in the flowchart in order to explain what kind of discrimination processing the signal receives at each step in the flowchart.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 performs the first determination in the first determination step on the signal binarized in the binarization processing step (S101) (S102).
- This first discrimination is performed by monitoring a change in signal strength among the binarized signals, and when a situation in which the signal strength changes from 1 to 0 occurs, the signal strength changes from 1 to 0. It is determined whether or not the signal strength changes from 0 to 1 again within a predetermined validity / invalidity determination time T0 after the change.
- the validity / invalidity determination time T0 is set to 80 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, the sample, the measurement environment, and the like.
- step A of process A (S103). If it is determined that the signal strength 0 has not changed to the signal strength 1 again within the valid / invalid determination time T0 after the signal strength 1 has changed to the signal strength 0 (No in S102), the second determination step ( The process proceeds to S104).
- the defect detection apparatus 1 performs process A in step S103.
- the process A is a process of correcting the signal strength to 1 for a period in which the signal strength is 0 from when the signal strength is changed to 1 to 0 again.
- the signal derived from the bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M has a high strength and a long signal duration, but it may be canceled depending on the threshold setting of the binarization process. Can happen. While the signal derived from air bubbles has a long duration, the noise signal is often a short spike signal.
- the signal derived from the bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M has a high strength and the signal has a long duration, but the bubbles are intermittently generated depending on the generation state of the bubbles. As a result, spike-like signals appear intermittently. Further, the signal derived from the bubbles may be canceled by the binarization process. In the present invention, in the processing A, the canceled signal derived from the bubbles is also restored by the correction and binarization processing in which the spike-like signal that appears intermittently is a continuous signal. After performing the processing A on the signal in this way, the process proceeds to the third determination step (S106).
- the defect detection apparatus 1 performs second determination on the signal.
- the second determination is to determine whether or not the signal intensity 1 has continued for the effective determination time T1 or more from the time when the signal intensity changed from 0 to 1 for the binarized signal.
- the validity determination time T1 is set to 80 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, the sample, the measurement environment, and the like.
- the third determination step Proceed to (S106). If it is determined that the signal intensity 1 has not continued for the effective determination time T1 or more after the signal intensity 0 changes to the signal intensity 1 (No in S104), the process proceeds to the step B (S105).
- the apparatus 1 performs process B in step S105.
- the process B is a process of correcting the signal strength to 0 for the portion of the signal strength 1 that has not continued for the effective determination time T1 or more after the change from the signal strength 0 to the signal strength 1.
- the noise signal is often a spike-like signal for a short period of time, if the state of the signal strength 1 does not continue for the effective determination time T1 or longer, this is interpreted as a noise signal, and the signal strength is calculated. Correction processing for correcting to 0 and eliminating noise is performed. After performing the process B on the signal in this way, the process proceeds to the defect non-detection output step (S108).
- the defect detection apparatus 1 After performing the processing A on the signal in step S103 or by the second determination, it is determined that the signal intensity 1 continues for the effective determination time T1 or more from the time when the signal intensity changes from 0 to 1 (S104). After that, the defect detection apparatus 1 performs a third determination on these signals in a third determination step (S106). The third determination is to determine whether or not the signal intensity 1 continues longer than the minimum duration T2 in these signals.
- the minimum duration T2 is set to 100 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, sample, measurement environment, and the like.
- the present embodiment determines that the detected signal is a signal derived from bubbles sucked out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. If it is determined by the third determination that the state of the signal strength 1 has continued longer than the minimum duration T2 (Yes in S106), the process proceeds to the defect detection output step (S107). In the defect detection output step (S107), the defect detection apparatus 1 outputs that the porous hollow fiber membrane M to be inspected has a defect.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 After performing the process B on the signal in step S105, or after the third determination, it is determined that the state of the signal strength 1 does not continue longer than the minimum duration T2 (No in S106), and then the defect The process proceeds to the non-detection output step (S108).
- the signal of the portion subjected to the processing B has a signal intensity of 0, and the signal determined by the third determination that the state of the signal intensity 1 does not continue longer than the minimum duration T2 is extracted from the defect. It is thought that the signal is not derived from the generated bubbles. Therefore, in the defect non-detection output step (S108), the defect detection apparatus 1 outputs that the porous hollow fiber membrane M to be inspected has no defects.
- the portion determined as spike-like noise by the first determination and the second determination is removed from the signal by performing the process B.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing processing performed by the defect detection apparatus 1 in the defect detection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the second embodiment performs signal processing by switching the order of the first determination step and the second determination step in the first embodiment.
- description of parts common to the first embodiment will be omitted, and description will be made centering on parts different from the first embodiment.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 receives a signal from the light receiving unit 52 and starts measurement with a sampling period of 5 ms (S200).
- the sampling period is set to 5 ms, but it is preferable to set appropriately according to the system, the sample, the environment at the time of measurement, and the like.
- this signal is binarized.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 performs the first determination in the first determination step on the signal binarized in the binarization processing step (S201) (S202).
- the first discrimination for the binarized signal, it is discriminated whether or not the signal strength 1 has continued for more than the valid discrimination time T1 from when the signal strength changed from 0 to 1. This corresponds to the second determination in the embodiment.
- the validity determination time T1 is set to 80 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, the sample, the measurement environment, and the like.
- the third determination step Proceed to (S206). If it is determined that the signal intensity 1 has not continued for the effective determination time T1 or more after the signal intensity 0 changes to the signal intensity 1 (No in S201), the process proceeds to the second determination step (S203).
- the validity / invalidity determination time T0 is set to 80 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, the sample, the measurement environment, and the like. If it is determined by this second determination that the signal intensity has changed from 0 to 1 again within the valid / invalid determination time T0 from when the signal intensity has changed from 1 to 0 (Yes in S203), then Proceed to step (S204) of process A. If it is determined that the signal intensity has not changed from 0 to 1 again within the valid / invalid determination time T0 from when the signal intensity changes from 1 to 0 (No in S203), the next step of process B (S205) ).
- step S204 as in the process A of the first embodiment, a period in which the signal intensity is 0 from the time when the signal intensity changes from 1 to 0 until the signal intensity changes again.
- the signal intensity is corrected to 1.
- step S205 as in the process B of the first embodiment, for the signal having the signal intensity 1 that has not continued for the effective determination time T1 or more after the signal intensity changed from 0 to 1, the signal is signaled. A process of correcting the intensity to 0 is performed. After performing the processing B on the signal in this way, the process proceeds to the defect non-detection output step S208.
- the defect detection apparatus 1 After the first determination, it is determined that the signal intensity 1 continues from the time when the signal intensity changes from 0 to the signal intensity 1 (Yes in S202), or the process A step (S204) After the processing A is performed on the signals, the defect detection apparatus 1 performs a third determination on these signals in a third determination step (S206). The third determination is performed to determine whether or not the signal intensity 1 of these signals continues longer than the minimum duration T2, and is the same determination as the third determination in the first embodiment. .
- the minimum duration T2 is set to 100 ms, but can be set as appropriate depending on the system, sample, measurement environment, and the like.
- the process proceeds to the defect detection output step (S207).
- the defect detection apparatus 1 outputs that the porous hollow fiber membrane M to be inspected has a defect. The user knows that the porous hollow fiber membrane M is defective by this output.
- the process proceeds to the defect detection output step (S208).
- the defect detection device 1 After the processing B is performed on the signal in step S205, or after the third determination, it is determined that the state of the signal strength 1 does not continue longer than the minimum duration T2 (No in S206), and then the defect Proceeding to the non-detection output step (S208), the defect detection device 1 outputs that the porous hollow fiber membrane M to be inspected has no defects.
- the portion determined as spike-like noise by the first determination and the second determination is removed from the signal by performing the process B.
- the second determination step (S104) and the process B step (S105) can be omitted to simplify the process.
- a series of flows includes a start step (S100), a binarization processing step (S101), a first determination step (S102), a step A of processing A (S103), a third determination step (S106), and defect detection.
- the process proceeds to the third determination step as it is, and in the third determination step (S106), the signals may be processed together as signals that do not originate from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the flow of signal processing and defect detection in each of these embodiments is realized by executing a program with an information processing apparatus such as a computer (not shown). That is, the binarization means for performing binarization, the determination means for performing each determination, and the processing means for performing correction processing on the signal are all realized by the information processing apparatus.
- an information processing apparatus is incorporated in the defect detection apparatus 1, but instead of being incorporated in the defect detection apparatus 1, it may be externally connected by wire or wirelessly.
- a step of performing a general moving averaging process on the measured signal is further added, and the above binarization process is performed on the signal on which the moving averaging process has been performed.
- each determination process may be similarly applied.
- a defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane in a defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane, a signal derived from a defect in the porous hollow fiber membrane is accurately determined from detection signals, and the porous hollow fiber membrane is detected. This makes it possible to accurately detect defects.
- this defect detection method is also used in a defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane having a configuration other than that described above, by detecting bubbles sucked into the liquid from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane. Any defect inspection apparatus that inspects a defect in a hollow fiber membrane can be applied.
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Abstract
Description
多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置の一実施形態を示して詳細に説明する。多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置1(以下、単に「欠陥検査装置1」という。)は、図1~4に示すように、液体Lが収容された容器10と、流路部材20を有している。流路部材20は流路内が液体Lで満たされており、多孔質中空糸膜Mを通過させる中空糸膜走行流路21が流路部材20を貫通するように形成されている。中空糸膜走行流路21は両端に開口21a、21bを有し、これらの開口21a、21bは液体L中に配置されている。また、流路部材20は空間拡大部22を有し、この空間拡大部22の部分に、中空糸膜走行流路21から分岐する分岐流路23が、内部を貫通するように形成されている。さらに、欠陥検査装置1は、流路部材20の中空糸膜走行流路21および空間拡大部22内の液体L中を通過するように、多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行を規制する規制手段30と、流路部材20の中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lを空間拡大部22から分岐流路23を通じて吸引し、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力を低下させる液体吸引(減圧)手段40(以下、液体吸引手段40とする)と、多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から液体L中に吸い出された気泡を検出する気泡検出手段50とを有している。また、欠陥検査装置1は、容器10に液体Lが流入する液体流入ライン60を有している。液体流入ライン60は、一端が液体供給源(図示せず)と接続され、他端が容器10に接続され、前記液体供給源から液体が流入する液体供給ライン61と、一端が流路部材20の分岐流路23と接続され、他端が容器10に接続され、流路部材20の分岐流路23から吸い出された液体Lが容器10に流入して循環される液体循環ライン63、とを有している。液体吸引手段40は、液体循環ライン63の途中に設けられており、分岐流路23、液体循環ライン63を通じて、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lを吸引できるようになっている。
以上、説明したように、本欠陥検査装置では、気泡検出手段50が多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から吸い出された気泡を検出し、その検出信号を基に多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥を検出する。気泡の検出の信頼性を向上するために、容器10と図示しない液体供給源とを接続する液体供給ライン61には脱泡手段64および脱気手段65が設けられていることは既に述べた通りであるが、万が一、脱泡手段64や脱気手段65が予定通りの機能を発揮できなかった場合も、検出された信号について、ノイズ信号を除去し、多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から吸い出された気泡に由来する信号を的確に検知するため、さらに信号処理を行なうのが好ましい。以下、気泡検出手段50が検出した信号について、図示しない情報処理装置で実行する信号処理および欠陥検出方法について説明する。
10 容器
20、20A 流路部材
21 中空糸膜走行流路
22 空間拡大部
23 分岐流路
30 規制手段
31~34 ガイドロール
40 液体吸引(減圧)手段
50 気泡検出手段
51 出光部
52 受光部
60 液体流入ライン
61 液体供給ライン
62 液体排出ライン
63 液体循環ライン
64、67 脱泡手段
65 脱気手段
66 減圧手段
68 圧力計
D 中空糸膜走行流路長
d1 中空糸膜走行流路断面幅
d2 中空糸膜走行流路断面高さ
w1 空間拡大部幅
f 空間拡大部長
h 空間拡大部高さ
Claims (22)
- 液体が収容された容器と、
多孔質中空糸膜を連続的に通過させる中空糸膜走行流路、および該中空糸膜走行流路から分岐して一壁面に通じる分岐流路が、内部を貫通するように形成され、かつ前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が前記液体中に配置されて流路内が前記液体で満たされる流路部材と、
前記流路部材の中空糸膜走行流路内の液体中を通過するように、前記多孔質中空糸膜の走行を規制する規制手段と、
前記流路部材の中空糸膜走行流路内の液体を前記分岐流路を通じて吸引し、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の液体の圧力を低下させる液体吸引手段と、
前記液体中に検査光を入射する出光部と、前記液体中を透過した検査光を受光する受光部とを有し、前記多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から前記液体中に吸い出された気泡を検出する気泡検出手段と、を有する多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置の欠陥検出方法であって、
前記受光部からの信号を所定のサンプリング周期で計測する計測ステップと、
前記計測された信号を欠陥からの気泡に由来する信号部分とノイズ信号部分に分離する分離ステップと、
気泡に由来する信号部分を多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査結果として出力する出力ステップと
を有する欠陥検出方法。 - 前記分離ステップが、
前記計測された信号を所定の閾値を用いて信号強度1と信号強度0とからなる信号に二値化する二値化ステップと、
前記二値化ステップによって二値化された信号が、信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したとき、信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変わるか否かを判別する第1の判別ステップと、
前記第1の判別ステップにおいて前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わったと判別された場合は、前記信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから前記信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したときまでの間の信号強度を1に補正処理する第1の処理ステップと、
前記第1の判別ステップにおいて前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わらなかったと判別された場合、信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続しているか否かを判別する第2の判別ステップと、
前記第1の処理ステップで補正された信号及び前記第2の判別ステップにおいて信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が前記有効判別時間以上継続していると判別された信号について、更に信号強度1の状態が所定の最小継続時間以上継続しているか否か判別する第3の判別ステップと、
を有する請求項1記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 前記出力ステップが、
前記第3の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していると判別された場合、多孔質膜の欠陥として検査結果を出力する、請求項2記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 前記第2の判別ステップで信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が前記有効判別時間以上継続していないと判別された場合、当該信号強度1の部分を信号強度0に補正処理する第2の処理ステップを更に有する、請求項3記載の欠陥検出方法。
- 前記第3の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していないと判別された場合、前記出力ステップで多孔質膜に欠陥はないとする検査結果を出力する、請求項3又は4記載の欠陥検出方法。
- 前記分離ステップが、
前記計測された信号に移動平均化処理を行うステップを有する、請求項1記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 液体が収容された容器と、
多孔質中空糸膜を連続的に通過させる中空糸膜走行流路、および該中空糸膜走行流路から分岐して一壁面に通じる分岐流路が、内部を貫通するように形成され、かつ前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が前記液体中に配置されて流路内が前記液体で満たされる流路部材と、
前記流路部材の中空糸膜走行流路内の液体中を通過するように、多孔質中空糸膜の走行を規制する規制手段と、
前記流路部材の中空糸膜走行流路内の液体を前記分岐流路を通じて吸引し、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の液体の圧力を低下させる液体吸引手段と、
前記液体中に検査光を入射する出光部と、前記液体中を透過した検査光を受光する受光部とを有し、前記多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から前記液体中に吸い出された気泡を検出する気泡検出手段と、
前記受光部からの信号を所定のサンプリング周期で計測する計測手段と、前記計測された信号を欠陥からの気泡に由来する信号部分とノイズ信号部分に分離する分離手段と、気泡に由来する信号部分を多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査結果として出力する出力手段を備えた検出処理手段と、
を有する欠陥検出装置。 - 前記分離手段はさらに、
前記計測手段が計測した信号を所定の閾値を用いて信号強度1と信号強度0とからなる信号に二値化する二値化手段と、
前記二値化手段によって二値化された信号について、ある時点から所定時間が経過する間の前記二値化された信号の信号強度の変化について判別する判別手段と、
前記判別手段の判別結果に応じて、前記二値化された信号について信号強度を0から1に又は1から0に補正処理する処理手段と、を有し、
前記出力手段は、前記判別手段の判別結果に応じて信号を出力し、
前記判別手段は、前記二値化された信号が、信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変わるか否かを判別する第1の判別ステップを実行し、
前記第1の判別ステップにおいて、前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わったと前記判別手段が判別した場合は、前記処理手段が前記信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから、前記信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したときまでの間の信号強度を1に補正処理する第1の処理ステップを実行し、
前記第1の判別ステップにおいて、前記有効無効判定時間以内に信号強度1に変わらなかったと前記判別手段が判別した場合、前記判別手段は信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続しているか否かを判別する第2の判別ステップを実行し、
前記第1の処理ステップで前記処理手段が補正した信号及び前記第2の判別ステップにおいて信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が前記有効判別時間以上継続していると前記判別手段が判別した信号について、更に前記判別手段は信号強度1の状態が所定の最小継続時間以上継続しているか否か判別する第3の判別ステップを実行する、
請求項7記載の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記第3の判別ステップにおいて、信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していると前記判別手段が判別した場合、前記出力手段が多孔質膜の欠陥として検査結果を出力する、
請求項8記載の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記判別手段が、前記第2の判別ステップにおいて、信号強度が0に変わる前に信号強度1の状態であった時間が第2の判別時間以上継続していないと判別した場合、前記処理手段は当該信号強度1の部分を信号強度0に補正処理する、請求項9記載の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記判別手段が、前記第3の判別ステップにおいて、信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していないと判別した場合、前記出力ステップで多孔質膜に欠陥はないとする検査結果を出力する、請求項9又は10記載の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記分離手段は、前記計測された信号に移動平均化処理を行う、請求項7記載の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記分離ステップが、
前記計測された信号を所定の閾値を用いて信号強度1と信号強度0とからなる信号に二値化する二値化ステップと、
前記二値化ステップで二値化された信号が、信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したとき、信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続しているか否かを判別する第1の判別ステップと、
前記第1の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態であった時間が前記有効判別時間以上継続していなかったと判別された信号について、更に、信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変わるか否かを判別する第2の判別ステップと、
前記第2の判別ステップで前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わったと判別された場合は、前記信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから前記信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したときまでの間の信号強度を1に補正処理する第1の処理ステップと、
前記第1の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続していると判別された信号及び前記第1の処理ステップで補正された信号について、更に信号強度1の状態が所定の最小継続時間以上継続しているか否か判別する第3の判別ステップと、
を有する請求項1記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 前記出力ステップは、
前記第3の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していると判別された場合、多孔質膜の欠陥として検査結果を出力する、請求項13記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 前記第2の判別ステップで前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わらなかったと判別された場合は、前記信号強度1の部分を信号強度0に補正処理する第2の処理ステップを更に有する、請求項14記載の欠陥検出方法。
- 前記第3の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していないと判別された場合、前記出力ステップで多孔質膜に欠陥はないとする検査結果を出力する、請求項14又は15記載の欠陥検出方法。
- 前記分離手段はさらに、
前記計測手段が計測した信号を所定の閾値を用いて信号強度1と信号強度0とからなる信号に二値化する二値化手段と、
前記二値化手段によって二値化された信号について、ある時点から所定時間が経過する間の前記二値化された信号の信号強度の変化について判別する判別手段と、
前記判別手段の判別結果に応じて、前記二値化された信号について信号強度を0から1に又は1から0に補正処理する処理手段と、を有し、
前記出力手段は、前記判別手段の判別結果に応じて信号を出力し、
前記判別手段は、前記二値化された信号が、信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したとき、信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続しているか否かを判別する第1の判別ステップを実行し、
前記判別手段は、前記第1の判別ステップにおいて、前記判別手段が、信号強度1の状態であった時間が前記有効判別時間以上継続していなかったと判別した信号について、更に信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変わるか否かを判別する第2の判別ステップを実行し、
前記第2の判別ステップで前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わったと前記判別手段が判別した場合は、前記処理手段が前記信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから前記信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したときまでの間の信号強度を1に補正処理する第1の処理ステップを実行し、
前記第1の判別ステップで信号強度1の状態であった時間が所定の有効判別時間以上継続していると前記判別手段が判別した信号及び前記第1の処理ステップで前記処理手段が補正した信号について、更に前記判別手段は信号強度1の状態が所定の最小継続時間以上継続しているか否か判別する第3の判別ステップを実行する、
請求項7記載の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記第3の判別ステップにおいて、信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していると前記判別手段が判別した場合、前記出力手段が多孔質膜の欠陥として検査結果を出力する、
請求項17記載の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記判別手段が、前記第2の判別ステップにおいて、前記有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度1に変わらなかったと判別した場合、前記処理手段は前記信号強度1の部分を信号強度0に補正処理する、請求項18記載の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記判別手段が、前記第3の判別ステップにおいて、信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上継続していないと判別した場合、前記出力ステップで多孔質膜に欠陥はないとする検査結果を出力する、請求項18又は19記載の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記分離ステップが、
前記計測された信号を所定の閾値を用いて信号強度1と信号強度0とからなる信号に二値化する二値化ステップと、
前記二値化ステップで二値化された信号が、信号強度1から信号強度0へ変化したとき、信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変わるか否かを判別する有効無効判別ステップと、
前記有効無効判別ステップで信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから所定の有効無効判別時間以内に信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したと判別された場合、前記信号強度1から信号強度0に変化したときから前記信号強度0から再び信号強度1に変化したときまでの間の信号強度を1に補正処理する処理ステップと、
前記有効無効判別ステップ及び前記処理ステップの対象とならなかった信号、及び、前記処理ステップで補正された信号について、それぞれ信号強度1の状態が所定の最小継続時間以上、継続しているか否か判別する最小継続時間判別ステップと、
を有する請求項1記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 前記最小継続時間判別ステップで、信号強度1の状態が前記最小継続時間以上、継続していると判別された場合、多孔質膜の欠陥として検査結果を出力する、請求項21記載の欠陥検出方法。
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