WO2013012030A1 - 多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置および欠陥検査方法、ならびに多孔質中空糸膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置および欠陥検査方法、ならびに多孔質中空糸膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013012030A1 WO2013012030A1 PCT/JP2012/068305 JP2012068305W WO2013012030A1 WO 2013012030 A1 WO2013012030 A1 WO 2013012030A1 JP 2012068305 W JP2012068305 W JP 2012068305W WO 2013012030 A1 WO2013012030 A1 WO 2013012030A1
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- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- liquid
- porous hollow
- channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/06—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
- B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249962—Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a defect inspection apparatus and defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane, and a porous hollow fiber membrane and a method for producing the same.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane having a hollow porous layer is preferably used.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane is inspected for defects such as cracks and pinholes after or during manufacture.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a container that contains a liquid, and a regulation unit that regulates the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane so as to pass through the liquid contained in the container.
- a defect inspection apparatus having a decompression means for exhausting air from the gas phase of the container to decompress the interior of the container, and a bubble detection means for detecting bubbles flowing into the liquid from a defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the gas-phase air is lowered by exhausting the gas-phase air in the highly airtight container containing the liquid, and the pressure of the liquid in the container is accordingly reduced. Therefore, air in the porous hollow fiber membrane flows out from the defect into the liquid, and bubbles are generated.
- the defect inspection apparatus has a problem that the structure of the container is complicated.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane introduction part and the lead-out part in the container are opened so as not to contact the porous hollow fiber membrane in order to prevent damage to the porous hollow fiber membrane due to contact with the container.
- a relatively high hermeticity is required in order to sufficiently decompress the inside of the container. Therefore, a complicated structure such as a labyrinth seal structure is required for the introduction part and the lead-out part.
- the defect inspection by the defect inspection apparatus cannot completely prevent the gas from flowing into the container from the introduction part and the lead-out part, the exhaust amount from the gas phase becomes large, and energy is wasted. To do.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a defect inspection apparatus and a defect inspection method capable of inspecting a defect of a porous hollow fiber membrane simply and efficiently. Moreover, this invention aims at provision of the manufacturing method of the porous hollow fiber membrane using the said defect inspection method, and the porous hollow fiber membrane manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- the method for inspecting a defect of a porous hollow fiber membrane includes the step of the hollow fiber membrane running channel of the channel member formed so that the hollow fiber membrane running channel passing through the porous hollow fiber membrane penetrates the inside. Openings at both ends are disposed in the liquid, the flow path is filled with the liquid, the porous hollow fiber membrane is continuously run so as to pass through the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path, and the hollow By causing the liquid in the yarn membrane running channel to flow, the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel is lowered, and bubbles that have flowed into the liquid from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane are removed. It is a method of detection.
- the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path of the flow path member further formed with a branched flow path branched from the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path and leading to one wall surface. Openings at both ends are disposed in the liquid to fill the flow path with the liquid, and the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path flows through the branch flow path, and the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path It is preferable to reduce the pressure of the liquid.
- a space expanding portion in which the width of the channel is expanded is provided at a portion where the branch channel in the hollow fiber membrane running channel branches.
- the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel is caused to flow from the space expansion portion through the branch channel to reduce the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel.
- the bubbles are guided to a bubble detection means for detecting bubbles by flowing the bubbles together with the liquid.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is formed so that a container containing a liquid and a hollow fiber membrane traveling channel that allows the porous hollow fiber membrane to pass continuously pass through the inside, and A channel member in which openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running channel are arranged in the liquid and the inside of the channel is filled with the liquid, and in the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel of the channel member Restricting means for restricting the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane so as to pass through the liquid, and flowing the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel of the flow path member, It is an apparatus having a liquid suction means for reducing the pressure of the liquid and a bubble detection means for detecting bubbles that have flowed into the liquid from a defect in the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the flow path member further includes a branch channel that branches from the hollow fiber membrane travel channel and communicates with one wall surface, and the hollow fiber membrane travel flow Opening at both ends of the channel is a channel member that is disposed in the liquid and the channel is filled with the liquid, and the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel of the channel member is passed through the branch channel It is preferable that the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel is lowered by flowing.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is a space expanding portion in which the width of the flow channel is expanded at a portion where the branch flow channel branches in the hollow fiber membrane running flow channel of the flow channel member.
- the liquid suction means causes the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel of the channel member to flow from the space expansion portion through the branch channel, and the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel It is preferable to reduce the pressure of the liquid.
- the bubbles are guided to the bubble detecting means together with the flowing liquid.
- the bubble detection means is preferably installed between the hollow fiber membrane running channel and the liquid suction means.
- the bubble detecting means includes a light emitting part that makes inspection light enter the liquid and a light receiving part that receives the inspection light transmitted through the liquid. It is preferable that the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit are installed so as to face each other. It is preferable that the light exiting part and the light receiving part are installed so that their tip portions are located in the liquid that is sucked and flowing from the hollow fiber membrane travel channel.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane according to the present invention further includes a liquid inflow line through which the liquid flows into the container, and removes bubbles contained in the liquid flowing into the liquid inflow line. Means are preferably provided.
- the liquid inflow line is preferably provided with a deaeration means for removing dissolved gas in the inflowing liquid.
- the liquid inflow line preferably includes a liquid supply line through which the liquid flows from the liquid supply source into the container. It is preferable that the liquid inflow line has a liquid circulation line through which the liquid sucked out from the flow path member flows into the container and circulates.
- the method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention comprises a coagulation step in which a membrane forming stock solution containing a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer and a solvent is coagulated with a coagulation liquid to form a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor, A washing step of washing the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor to remove the solvent remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor; and removing the hydrophilic polymer remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention comprises a coagulation step of coagulating a film-forming stock solution containing a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer and a solvent with a coagulation liquid to form a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor, and the porous hollow fiber membrane A washing step of washing the yarn membrane precursor to remove the solvent remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor; and removing the hydrophilic polymer remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor to remove porous membrane
- the defect according to any one of claims 1 to 6, with respect to a removal step of obtaining a yarn membrane, a drying step of drying the porous hollow fiber membrane, and the porous hollow fiber membrane after the drying step It is a porous hollow fiber membrane manufactured using the manufacturing method of the porous hollow fiber membrane which has a defect inspection process which inspects a defect using an inspection method.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention does not require a complicated hermetic structure, and can inspect defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane simply and efficiently. Moreover, according to the defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane can be inspected easily and efficiently. Moreover, according to the method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, a porous hollow fiber membrane free from defects can be obtained simply and with high efficiency. In addition, the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is easily and efficiently inspected for defects.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I ′ of the flow path member of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a II-II ′ cross-sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ of the flow path member of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 is a IV-IV ′ sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 4. It is sectional drawing which cut
- FIG. 14 is a V-V ′ sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 13.
- It is a front schematic diagram of the apparatus structure used for the defect inspection of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 1. It is a bubble detection pattern of the photoelectric sensor amplifier of the part without a defect in a porous hollow fiber membrane. It is a bubble detection pattern of the photoelectric sensor amplifier of the part which had the defect in a porous hollow fiber membrane. 7 is a result of bubble detection of the photoelectric sensor amplifier in the defect inspection in Example 1.
- FIG. 14 is a V-V ′ sectional view of the flow path member of FIG. 13.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is an apparatus for inspecting a defect of a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “defect inspection apparatus 1”) of the present embodiment includes a container 10 containing a liquid L, a porous structure, A hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 that passes through the hollow fiber membrane M is formed so as to penetrate the inside, and a branch channel 23 that branches from the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 and communicates with one wall surface is further formed.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 also has a liquid inflow line 60 through which the liquid L flows into the container 10.
- the liquid inflow line 60 has one end connected to a liquid supply source (not shown), the other end connected to the container 10, a liquid supply line 61 into which liquid flows from the liquid supply source, and one end connected to the flow path member 20.
- a liquid circulation line 63 in which the liquid L sucked out from the branch flow path 23 of the flow path member 20 flows into the container 10 and is circulated. have.
- the liquid suction means 40 is provided in the middle of the liquid circulation line 63 and can flow the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63. Yes.
- the container 10 is a container in which the liquid L is stored.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L stored in the container 10.
- the material of the container 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is not corroded by moisture or the liquid L, or is not attacked by the liquid L.
- a resin such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacetal, Examples thereof include metals or alloys such as iron, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel, and titanium, or composite materials thereof.
- the shape and size of the container 10 can immerse the flow path member 20, and when the liquid L in the container 10 is sucked from the openings 21 a and 21 b at both ends of the flow path member 20, a vortex is generated and air is discharged from the liquid surface. What is necessary is just to be able to ensure the liquid depth which does not attract
- the container 10 is connected to a liquid supply source (not shown) by a liquid supply line 61.
- a defoaming means 64 and a degassing means 65 are provided in the middle of the liquid supply line 61.
- the container 10 is supplied with the liquid L from the liquid supply source through the liquid supply line 61. Further, bubbles in the supplied liquid L are removed by the defoaming means 64. Thereby, since the erroneous detection by the bubble contained in the supplied liquid L can be suppressed, the reliability of the detection of the bubble which flowed out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M improves. Further, the dissolved gas in the liquid L in the liquid supply line 61 is removed by the deaeration means 65.
- any means can be used as long as it can remove bubbles and dissolved gas in the liquid L supplied to the container 10.
- the defoaming means 64 include those capable of separating bubbles and liquid in the liquid L, such as a filtration module using a separation membrane having a filtration accuracy of about 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the deaeration means 65 what can degas the dissolved gas in the liquid L, such as what combined the pressure reduction means 66 with the deaeration module using the porous hollow fiber membrane for gas separation, is mentioned, for example.
- the container 10 has a drain outlet for overflow, and the liquid L stored in the container 10 is overflowed through the liquid discharge line 62 so that the liquid level of the liquid L in the container 10 is kept constant. It is supposed to be.
- the defoaming means 67 in the middle of the liquid circulation line 63 as in this example.
- the reliability improvement effect by the defoaming means 67 provided in the liquid circulation line 63 is greater than the reliability improvement effect by the defoaming means 64 provided in the liquid supply line 61.
- the defoaming means 67 is provided with a drain outlet in a portion where the separated bubbles accumulate, and always allows an appropriate amount of the liquid L to flow out of the container 10, so that bubbles are accumulated in the defoaming means 67 and the liquid filtration area is reduced. It can be prevented from decreasing.
- Examples of the defoaming means 67 include the same ones as those given for the defoaming means 64.
- a deaeration unit may be provided in the liquid circulation line 63.
- liquid L examples include water, methanol, ethanol, formamide used as a wetting tension test reagent, or a mixture thereof with water.
- a liquid whose surface tension characteristics are accurately known is preferable. From the viewpoint of handling and wastewater treatment, water (surface tension 73 at 28 ° C. 73) is preferable. About 0.0 mN / m) is particularly preferable.
- a defect inspection device when incorporated in the porous hollow fiber membrane production line and defects are continuously detected on the porous hollow fiber membrane production line, it is used, for example, for cleaning the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a liquid for example, pure water
- the container 10 may be a container that stores a cleaning liquid in a cleaning device that cleans the porous hollow fiber membrane after spinning.
- the defect inspection apparatus monitors the surface tension of the liquid L, It is preferable to have a mechanism that keeps the surface tension of the liquid L constant by controlling the amount of water supplied to the container 10.
- a hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 through which the porous hollow fiber membrane M passes is formed in the channel member 20 so as to penetrate the inside.
- the entire periphery of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is surrounded by a wall surface.
- the flow path member 20 is formed with a branch flow path 23 that branches from the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 and communicates with the lower wall surface of the flow path member 20.
- a space expanding portion 22 having an expanded channel width is provided, and the branch channel 23 is formed in the space expanding portion 22 at the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21. Branch from.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L accommodated in the container 10, whereby the openings 21 a and 21 b at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 are disposed in the liquid L.
- the liquid L flows into the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 from the openings 21 a and 21 b at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21, and branches from the entire hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 including the space expanding portion 22.
- the interior of the flow path 23 is filled with the liquid L.
- the branch flow path 23 is connected to the liquid suction means 40 through the liquid circulation line 63, and the liquid suction means 40 sucks the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23. Can be made to flow.
- the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 causes a flow loss of the liquid L flowing between the outer peripheral portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 to cause the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 to flow.
- the pressure of the liquid L inside the passage 21 can be reduced.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 is lowest at the connection portion with the branch flow path 23 in the space expanding portion 22.
- the flow path of the flow path member 20 is thus filled with the liquid L, and the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 flows from the space expanding portion 22 toward the branch flow path 23.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is continuously run in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 that is kept in a reduced pressure state.
- the flow path member 20 of this example includes a groove that forms a hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 having a space expanding portion 22 in the center, and a branch flow path 23.
- the upper part of the formed flow path member main body 20a is formed by being closed by the upper lid part 20b.
- the flow path member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b may not have a special mechanism for tightly fixing each other. Even without the special mechanism, the liquid L flows due to the suction by the liquid suction means 40, and the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 and the branch flow path 23 is reduced, so that the flow path member body 20a and the upper cover part 20b are closely fixed to each other.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is removed from the flow channel member main body by opening the upper lid portion 20b. It can be easily removed from 20a. However, you may provide the mechanism for closing them in the flow-path member main body 20a and the upper cover part 20b.
- the channel member 20 When the channel member 20 is formed by closing the upper part of the channel member main body 20a in which the groove forming the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 and the branch channel 23 are formed by the upper lid 20b, If even a small amount of outside air is sucked from the mating surface of the member main body 20a and the upper lid portion 20b and mixed in the liquid L, the bubbles may be erroneously detected as a defect.
- the method (2) is preferable because it is simple and reliable.
- the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 is formed.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis is preferably rectangular as shown in FIG.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M may be in contact with the wall surface of the flow path as compared with the case where the cross-sectional shape is circular. It is also advantageous in that the contact area is smaller and damage is less likely to occur.
- the center of the hollow fiber membrane running flow channel 21 is compared. If the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis is rectangular and one side is formed by the bottom of the upper lid portion 20b, the groove forming the flow channel may be formed only on the flow channel member body 20a side, and the mating surface of the upper lid portion 20b is flat. can do. If it does in this way, channel processing will be easy and precise positioning of channel member main part 20a and upper lid part 20b is unnecessary.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M when the porous hollow fiber membrane M is disposed in the flow channel, the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be completely inserted into the groove formed in the flow channel member main body 20a, so that the upper lid portion 20b is closed. There is no possibility of sandwiching the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the mating surface.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is a triangle, if one side is formed by the bottom of the upper lid portion 20b, the same effect as in the case of the rectangle as described above can be obtained.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is not limited to a rectangle or a triangle, and may be a polygon or a circle of pentagon or more.
- the distance between the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane passage 21 and the porous hollow fiber membrane M is preferably 5% to 40% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, and more preferably 10% to 20%. If the distance between the gaps of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 is equal to or greater than the lower limit, surface damage of the porous hollow fiber membrane M due to contact with the wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 or the porous hollow fiber membrane M It is easy to suppress an increase in running resistance. If the distance between the gaps of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 is equal to or less than the above upper limit value, the porous hollow fiber membrane M is vibrated or bent by the flow of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 to be porous.
- the width d 1 (FIGS. 3 and 6) of the portion other than the space expansion portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is preferably 110% to 180%, and preferably 120% to 140% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. Is more preferable.
- the height d 2 (FIG. 6) of the portion other than the space expansion portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is preferably 110% to 180% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, and preferably 120% to 140%. Is more preferable.
- the inner wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is finished smoothly by precision grinding or polishing so that the surface of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is not damaged even when the porous hollow fiber membrane M comes into contact therewith. Is preferred.
- the inner wall surface of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is provided with a fluorine-based coating or a diamond-like carbon coating that reduces the frictional resistance with the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- shaft of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 a square is preferable in the case of a rectangle, and an equilateral triangle is preferable in the case of a triangle.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is a regular polygon, the flow state of the liquid L flowing around the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is porous. It becomes axisymmetric with respect to the central axis of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, and the running state of the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 tends to be stable.
- the length D (FIG. 3) of the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 varies depending on the inspection speed (travel speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane M) and the like, but is preferably 100 mm to 2000 mm, and more preferably 300 mm to 1000 mm. If the length D of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, it is easy to detect bubbles that have flowed out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. If the length D of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is equal to or less than the upper limit value, it is easy to prevent the running resistance of the porous hollow fiber membrane M from increasing and the defect inspection apparatus 1 from becoming excessive.
- the distances from the opening 21b and the opening 21a to the branch flow path 23 are equal, and the flow path structure from the opening 21b and the opening 21a to the branch flow path 23 is preferably symmetrical with respect to the branch flow path 23.
- the openings 21b and 21a to the branch flow path 23 are flown.
- the pressure distribution of the liquid L is symmetric with respect to the branch flow path 23. Therefore, in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 and the space expanding portion 22, the position where bubbles start to emerge from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the position where bubbles do not emerge are symmetric with respect to the branch channel 23.
- the time when the bubbles started to be detected and the time when the bubbles were not detected measured by the bubble detection means 50 for detecting the bubbles that flowed into the liquid L from the defects of the traveling porous hollow fiber membrane M, From the traveling speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, the defect position of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be accurately identified.
- the width w 1 (FIG. 3) and the height h (FIG. 7) of the space expanding portion 22 are wider than the width d 1 and the height d 2 of the portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21. It is preferable that the space expanding portion 22 and the other connecting portions in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 are smoothly finished so as not to have an acute angle portion. By eliminating the acute angle portion, the liquid L is prevented from becoming a source of vortex and cavitation when the liquid L flows, and the generation of reduced-pressure bubbles and vibration of the porous hollow fiber membrane M are generated. It becomes easy to suppress. For the same reason, it is preferable that the connecting portion between the branch flow path 23 and the space expanding portion 22 is also smoothly finished so as not to have an acute angle portion.
- the liquid L that has flowed into the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21 from the openings 21a and 21b flows around the porous hollow fiber membrane M toward the branch channel 23 and expands the space from the periphery of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. It flows into the part 22. At this time, the liquid L that has flowed into the branch flow path 23 from the porous hollow fiber membrane M flows in the space expansion part 22 toward the branch flow path 23 without any obstacles.
- the space expanding portion 22 the liquid L that has flowed into the opposite side of the porous hollow fiber membrane M to the side of the branch channel 23 flows in the porous hollow fiber membrane M in order to flow into the branch channel 23. It must pass through a gap between the space expanding portion 22 and the wall surface.
- a method for suppressing such a phenomenon for example, a method of making the width w 1 (FIG. 3) of the space expanding portion 22 larger than the width d 1 of the portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21, For example, a method of increasing the length f (FIG. 3) of the space enlargement unit 22 may be used.
- the width w 1 of the space expanding portion 22 is preferably at least twice as large as the width d 1 of the portion other than the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21.
- the length f of the space expanding part 22 is preferably about 2 to 10 times the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, more preferably about 4 to 8 times. If the length f of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, the cross-sectional area of the gap between the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the space expanding portion 22 is expanded, and the flow pressure loss is reduced. If the length f of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or less than the upper limit value, the support interval of the porous hollow fiber membrane M by the restricting means 30 becomes narrower, so the porous hollow fiber membrane M bends toward the branch flow path 23 side. It is easy to suppress that.
- the width w 1 of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value and the length f of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or less than the upper limit value, the liquid L in the gap between the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the space expanding portion 22 is reduced. It is easy to reduce the flow pressure loss when flowing, and to prevent the porous hollow fiber membrane M from being greatly bent toward the branch flow path 23 in the space expanding portion 22, 21 and the traveling state of the porous hollow fiber membrane M in the space expanding portion 22 can be maintained better.
- the defect inspection apparatus of the present invention may have the flow path member 20A illustrated in FIG.
- the flow path member 20A has a groove that forms the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 formed in the flow path member main body 20a, and the flow path member main body 20a has a portion corresponding to the space expanding portion 22 of the mating surface of the upper lid portion 20b.
- the flow path member 20 is the same as the flow path member 20 except that an enlarged groove 22b having the same planar shape as the groove of the formed space enlarged portion 22 and having a depth approximately twice the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is formed.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 decreases from the both openings 21a and 21b toward the inside of the channel, and the channel of the space expanding portion 22 in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is reduced. It is lowest at the branching portion, that is, at the inlet portion of the branch flow path 23 where the liquid L is sucked.
- the interior can be at a higher degree of vacuum.
- the height h of the space expanding portion 22 is preferably 2 to 10 times the width w 1 of the space expanding portion 22. If the height h of the space expanding portion 22 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, the amount of pressure change in the length f direction in the space expanding portion 22 is further reduced.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the branch flow path 23 is such that the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution of the liquid L flowing inside the branch flow path 23 is rotationally symmetric about the central axis of the branch flow path 23, and the bubbles mixed in the liquid L From the viewpoint of more stable flow position, a circular shape is preferable.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the branch channel 23 is not limited to a circle, and may be a rectangle or the like.
- the material of the flow path member 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that does not corrode with the liquid L or is not affected by the liquid L.
- a resin such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacetal, or the like.
- metals or alloys such as iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium, or composite materials thereof.
- the restricting means 30 is composed of four guide rolls 31-34.
- the travel of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is restricted by these guide rolls 31 to 34.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is continuously drawn into the liquid L accommodated in the container 10 by the guide rolls 31 to 34, and the hollow fiber membrane of the flow path member 20 from the opening 21a. After being introduced into the running channel 21, passing through the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 and being led out from the opening 21 b, the liquid L is drawn out.
- guide rolls 31 to 34 in the regulating means 30 guide rolls that are usually used for the production of porous hollow fiber membranes can be used.
- the liquid suction means 40 sucks and flows the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23, and reduces the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21.
- the liquid suction means 40 is connected to the branch flow path 23 through the liquid circulation line 63.
- the liquid suction means 40 the liquid L can be sucked and flowed from within the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63. Further, the liquid L sucked out from the flow path member 20 is returned into the container 10 through the liquid circulation line 63.
- the defect inspection apparatus of this invention is not limited to this form, The form which discards the liquid sucked out from the flow-path member by the liquid suction means may be sufficient.
- any means can be used as long as it can suck and flow the liquid L in the space expanding portion 22 of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 through the branch flow path 23, such as a gear pump or a cascade pump.
- a sealless type pump such as a magnet coupling has a pump rotating shaft that is blocked from outside air, so that outside air leaks into the liquid L in a highly decompressed state from the seal portion, and fine bubbles in the liquid L. This is particularly preferable in that there is no risk of flowing into the container 10.
- the liquid suction means 40 is preferably configured to be controlled by an inverter. Further, as shown in FIG.
- a pressure gauge 68 is provided upstream of the liquid suction means 40 in the liquid circulation line 63, and the output of the pressure gauge 68 is fed back to the inverter to automatically adjust the pump rotation speed and the like of the liquid suction means 40. More preferably, it can be controlled.
- a pressure gauge it is preferable to monitor the pressure by installing a pressure gauge as close to the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path as possible.
- the bubble detection means 50 is a means for detecting bubbles that have flowed into the liquid L from the porous hollow fiber membrane M. By detecting the bubbles that have flowed into the liquid L from the defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane M, the defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be indirectly detected.
- the bubble detection means 50 may be any device that can detect bubbles, and examples thereof include a photoelectric sensor, an ultrasonic bubble detector, and an image processing device. Of these, a photoelectric sensor is preferable. Examples of the photoelectric sensor include a fiber sensor manufactured by OMRON (model E3X-DA11AN-S) with built-in amplifier and KEYENCE (model FS-N11N (FS-N10 series)).
- the bubble detection means is installed between the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel and the liquid suction means. Specifically, in this example, from the opening end on the space expanding portion 22 side in the branch channel 23 and the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23 or from the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23. It is preferable that the bubble detection means is installed in the middle of the pipe to the liquid suction means. Bubble detection means may be provided in the hollow fiber membrane running channel to detect bubbles flowing out of the porous hollow fiber membrane. However, in the hollow fiber membrane running channel, bubbles may be detected due to defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane. The position where the liquid flows out varies depending on the size of the defect and the degree of decompression of the liquid.
- the bubbles move at a high speed together with the porous hollow fiber membrane until the bubbles are separated from the porous hollow fiber membrane. . Therefore, in this case, in order to stably detect the bubbles generated from the porous hollow fiber membrane in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel, a plurality of bubble detection means are provided along the channel axis of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel. It is necessary to provide it.
- bubbles that have flowed out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane passing through the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path move with the liquid flowing by suction, and the opening end on the space expansion portion 22 side in the branch flow path 23
- the pipe passes from the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23 and from the opening end on the outer wall surface side of the branch channel 23 to the liquid suction means. Therefore, as described above, if the bubble detection means is installed in these portions, the bubbles generated by the flow of the air in the inner space of the porous hollow fiber membrane M through the defects can be stabilized even with one bubble detection means. Can be detected.
- the bubble detection means 50 is installed in the branch channel 23 of the channel member 20 in the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5 and FIGS. Bubbles flowing out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M flow into the branch flow channel 23 together with the liquid L flowing from the openings 21a and 21b toward the branch flow channel 23 in the hollow fiber membrane running flow channel 21, and the bubble detection means 50 is detected.
- the bubble detecting means is provided on the extended line of the central axis of the branch flow path 23 between the porous hollow fiber membrane M and the entrance of the branch flow path 23 in the space expanding portion 22.
- the bubble detection means 50 has a light output part 51 for entering the inspection light into the liquid L and a light receiving part 52 for receiving the inspection light from the liquid L.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 in the bubble detecting means 50 are preferably installed so that their tip portions are located in the liquid L that is sucked and flowing from the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21.
- it is preferable that the light exit part 51 and the light receiving part 52 are installed in a form protruding from the wall surface of the branch flow path 23 into the branch flow path 23. This makes it easier to prevent erroneous detection of dirt and bubbles adhering to the wall surface of the branch flow path 23.
- suction is performed when a process is performed to prevent dirt and bubbles from adhering to part of the flow path member 20 around the branch flow path 23 and the inner wall surface of the liquid circulation line 63. Even if the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are arranged so that the front end portions of the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are flush with the wall surface, the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are not protruded into the flowing liquid L. Good. Further, when a part of the periphery of the branch flow path 23 or the liquid circulation line 63 is formed of a resin material that transmits light, the light emitting part and the light receiving part are outside the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63. It may be in the form of being installed.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 of the bubble detecting means 50 are arranged so as to face each other in terms of efficiently capturing the light emitted from the light exiting part 51 into the light receiving part 52 and sensitively detecting a change in the amount of light when the bubble passes. It is preferable that it is installed in.
- the bubble detecting means 50 when the bubble passes between the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 in the branch flow path 23, the inspection light incident on the liquid L from the light exiting part 51 is refracted and scattered by the bubble and received. Since the amount of the inspection light that reaches the portion 52 is reduced, the bubble can be detected by this change in the amount of light.
- the bubble detection means 50 may be installed so that the optical axis of the light exiting portion 51 and the optical axis of the light receiving portion 52 intersect in the liquid L in the branch flow path 23.
- the light emitting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 are installed in this way, the light emitted from the light emitting part 51 does not reach the light receiving part 52 when there is no bubble, and is emitted from the light emitting part 51 when the bubble passes.
- the light is reflected or scattered by the bubble, and the reflected light or scattered light reaches the light receiving unit 52, so that the bubble can be detected by this change in the amount of light.
- the method of detecting the bubble by receiving the reflected light or scattered light from the bubble is more susceptible to disturbance light than the method of detecting the bubble by shielding the bubble, and the optical axis of the light output portion 51 in the liquid L
- the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 52 is reduced by the bubbles overlapping in the optical axis direction of each optical axis of the light receiving unit 52. Therefore, in the method of detecting the bubble by receiving the reflected light or scattered light from the bubble, it is necessary to reduce the influence by blocking the disturbance light or to increase the intensity of the inspection light emitted from the light emitting part 51. Is preferred.
- the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 are provided such that the optical axis of the light exiting part 51 and the optical axis of the light receiving part 52 pass through the part where the flow velocity of the flowing liquid flowing in the branch flow path 23 is maximum. It is preferable.
- the bubble passing through the branch flow path 23 has a high probability of passing through the portion where the flow velocity in the flowing liquid is maximum, so that the optical axes of the light exiting portion 51 and the light receiving portion 52 pass through this portion, so that Air bubbles can be detected stably.
- a form in which the optical axes of the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 intersect with the central axis of the branch flow path 23 is preferable.
- the optical axes of the light exiting part 51 and the light receiving part 52 may be orthogonal to the flow path axis of the branch flow path 23 or may be inclined with respect to the flow path axis of the branch flow path 23.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L stored in the container 10, so that the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 and the branch flow path 23 are opened from the openings 21 a and 21 b of the flow path member 20.
- the liquid L flows into the channel and the flow paths are filled with the liquid L.
- the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 is caused to flow by suction from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63 by the liquid suction means 40, and the pressure is reduced by the flow pressure loss. It is falling.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is caused to travel so as to pass through the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21, so that the porous hollow fiber membrane M is formed in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21.
- the air inside is discharged from the defective part (sucked out) to generate bubbles.
- the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is detected.
- the bubbles that have flowed out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane can be guided to the bubble detection means together with the flowing liquid, so that all the bubbles can be detected.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus of the present invention can be used, for example, for detecting defects in a porous hollow fiber membrane during production.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is a porous hollow fiber after production if the porous layer of the porous hollow fiber membrane is in a uniform wet state so that the hollow portion is filled with air. It can also be used for yarn film defect detection.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is configured so that both the porous layer and the reinforcing support are uniform even when the porous hollow fiber membrane has a hollow reinforcing support inside the porous layer. If the hollow portion is filled with air, it can be used for defect detection of the porous hollow fiber membrane after production.
- the form of using the defect inspection apparatus for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention for detecting defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane during production includes, for example, a spinning device for spinning the porous hollow fiber membrane, and a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a cleaning device for cleaning the surface there are a defect inspection device for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, a drying device for drying the porous hollow fiber membrane with hot air, and a take-up device for pulling the porous hollow fiber membrane to a bobbin in order.
- the form which installs and detects a defect on the production line of a porous hollow fiber membrane is mentioned. Such a form is preferable in that the gas flowing out from the defect in the defect inspection can be easily supplied from the membrane surface dried in the drying device to the hollow portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the conventional defect inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has a complicated sealing structure in order to realize high sealing performance for decompressing the inside of the container at the introduction part and the lead-out part of the porous hollow fiber membrane. Need.
- the defect inspection apparatus cannot completely prevent air from flowing into the container from the introduction part and the lead-out part of the porous hollow fiber membrane, the exhaust amount from the gas phase tends to increase.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention the flow path member is immersed in a liquid, and the openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running flow path are disposed in the liquid. By causing the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel to flow, the pressure of the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane running channel is reduced.
- the openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running channel are located in the liquid, so that the air flow into the hollow fiber membrane running channel can be reduced. Inflow is prevented. Therefore, it is not necessary to employ a complicated sealing structure for the container for storing the liquid and the flow path member, and it is possible to prevent the suction amount of the liquid suction means from increasing due to the inflow of air. Further, in the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, since the degree of liquid decompression can be increased with a small amount of suction as compared with the case where gas-phase air is exhausted, smaller defects can be easily detected.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention As described above, if the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is used, defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane can be inspected easily and efficiently. Further, in the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane according to the present invention, since the liquid flows in the hollow fiber membrane running channel or the branch channel, bubbles do not easily stay on the wall surface of the channel. It is possible to efficiently and stably detect bubbles that have flowed out of the yarn membrane defect, and to detect the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the defect inspection apparatus for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is not limited to the defect inspection apparatus 1.
- the number of the hollow fiber membrane travel channels of the channel member is not limited to one.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus of the present invention may be an apparatus having the flow path member 20B illustrated in FIGS.
- the flow path member 20B includes four hollow fiber membrane travel flow paths 21 each having a space expansion portion 22 provided at the center portion thereof and allowing the porous hollow fiber membrane M to pass therethrough while being filled with the liquid L. 4 branch flow paths 23 that branch from the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 at the portion of the space expansion section 22, a merge section 24 where the branch flow paths 23 merge, and an outflow that causes the liquid L to flow out from the merge section 24.
- a passage 25 is formed inside.
- the liquid L in each hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 of the flow path member 20B flows from each space expansion part 22 to the branch flow path 23, the merge part 24, and the outflow path 25.
- the liquid L in each hollow fiber membrane passage 21 is depressurized by being sucked by the liquid suction means and flowing. If this defect inspection apparatus is used, the defect of the four porous hollow fiber membranes M can be detected simultaneously. Further, in this case, in order to separately detect bubbles generated from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane M that travels in the respective hollow fiber membrane travel channels 21, each of the four branch channels 23 or the space expanding portions 22. It is preferable that a bubble detecting means is provided in this part.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention can be used as long as the openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running channel are disposed in the liquid and the channel is filled with the liquid. It is not limited to the form which immerses all the members 20 in the liquid.
- the defect inspection apparatus 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as “defect inspection apparatus 2”) for the porous hollow fiber membrane illustrated in FIG. 10 may be used.
- the same parts of the defect inspection apparatus 2 as those of the defect inspection apparatus 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- a part of the bottom surface of the container 10 that stores the liquid L is constituted by the flow path member 20.
- the bubble detection means 50 in the defect inspection apparatus 2 is arranged so that the tip of the bubble detection means 50 does not protrude into the liquid L flowing in the branch flow path 23 of the flow path member 20.
- a deaeration unit 69 a that removes dissolved oxygen in the circulated liquid L is provided downstream of the defoaming unit 67 in the liquid circulation line 63. Thereby, the reliability of bubble detection is improved.
- the degassing means 69a include those that can degas the dissolved gas in the liquid L, such as a combination of a degassing module using a gas separation porous hollow fiber membrane and a decompression means 69b.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus of the present invention may be, for example, the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus 3 illustrated in FIG. 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as “defect inspection apparatus 3”). Good.
- the same parts in the defect inspection apparatus 3 as those in the defect inspection apparatus 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the defect inspection apparatus 3 includes two containers 10A and 10B that contain the liquid L, both ends of the flow path member 20 are connected to the side surfaces of the containers 10A and 10B, and the opening of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21
- the apparatus has the same form as the defect inspection apparatus 1 except that 21a is disposed in the liquid L accommodated in the container 10A and the opening 21b is disposed in the liquid L accommodated in the container 10B.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be a defect inspection apparatus having a flow path member in which a hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path and a branch flow path are formed without a space expanding portion.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes a flow path member in which a space expanding portion in which only the width of the flow path is extended is provided at a portion where the branch flow path in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path branches. It may be a defect inspection apparatus.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention includes a defect inspection in which a branch channel branched from the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel has a flow channel member communicating with a wall surface other than the lower wall surface of the flow channel member. It may be a device.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be a defect inspection apparatus having a flow path member that does not have a branch flow path branched from the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path.
- the flow path member 20C is the same as the flow path member 20 except that it does not have the branch flow path 23 and the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 is not provided with the space expanding portion 22.
- the liquid L is sucked and allowed to flow from the opening 21b side of the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 in the flow path member 20C, and the liquid in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 is obtained.
- the pressure of L is reduced, that is, the liquid L is sucked so that the flow direction of the liquid L and the traveling direction of the porous hollow fiber membrane M are the same direction, and the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 is sucked. It is preferable to reduce the pressure.
- the liquid L is sucked from the opening 21a side of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 in the channel member 20C and flows so that the flowing direction of the liquid L and the running direction of the porous hollow fiber membrane M are opposite to each other.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 may be reduced.
- the bubble detection means is installed on the opening 21b side as much as possible in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21, that is, on the downstream side in the travel direction of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. Is preferred. Thereby, bubbles can be detected more stably.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection apparatus of the present invention can be used if the liquid filled in the hollow fiber membrane running channel of the channel member can be sucked to reduce the pressure of the liquid.
- surroundings of the porous hollow fiber membrane to perform are not entirely enclosed by the wall surface may be sufficient.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention fixes two flat members in parallel so that a certain gap is formed, and the gap member uses the gap as a hollow fiber membrane running channel.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention has a flow path member in which the gap is used as a hollow fiber membrane running channel, and a branch channel that branches from the hollow fiber membrane running channel is formed.
- a flow path member that may be an inspection device, and is provided with a space expanding portion in which the width and height of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel are expanded at a portion where the branch channel in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel branches. It is good also as a defect inspection apparatus which has.
- the defect inspection apparatus for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be, for example, a defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20D illustrated in FIGS.
- a defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20D illustrated in FIGS.
- a long rectangular flat plate-like upper plate member 20c and a long rectangular flat plate-like lower plate member 20d are fixed in parallel so that a certain gap is formed between them.
- the gap serves as a hollow fiber membrane running channel 21A for running the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21A is configured such that the porous hollow fiber membrane M runs along the longitudinal direction of the gap between the upper plate member 20c and the lower plate member 20d.
- the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21A branches off from the hollow fiber membrane travel channel 21A between the upper plate member 20c and the lower plate member 20d.
- a branch flow path 23A for suction is formed on the upper wall surface side of the member 20c.
- the flow path member 20D is immersed in the liquid, the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21A is filled with the liquid L, and the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21A is filled through the branch flow path 23A.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is caused to run in the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21A, and the air bubbles flowing out from the porous hollow fiber membrane M are detected by the bubble detecting means, thereby the porous hollow fiber membrane. M defects are detected.
- the bubble detection means is installed between the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path and the liquid suction means. Specifically, in this example, between the opening end on the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21A side in the branch flow path 23A and the opening end on the upper wall surface side of the branch flow path 23A, or on the upper wall surface side of the branch flow path 23A. It is preferable that the bubble detection means is installed in the middle of the pipe from the open end to the liquid suction means.
- the distance (height) d 3 (FIG. 13) of the gap between the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21A in the flow path member 20D is preferably 110% to 180%, and preferably 120% to 140% of the diameter of the porous hollow fiber membrane M. Is more preferable.
- a preferable range of the length of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21A in the channel member 20D is the same as a preferable range of the length D of the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 in the channel member 20.
- the defect inspection apparatus for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be a defect inspection apparatus having a liquid inflow line having only one of a liquid supply line and a liquid circulation line, and includes a liquid inflow line. It may be a defect inspection device that is not. Moreover, the defect inspection apparatus for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may have a form in which other embodiment examples in each part described above are arbitrarily combined.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M for inspecting defects is not limited in material, fractionation characteristics, etc., and may be any material that can be used as a filtration membrane.
- the material of the porous hollow fiber membrane M include polyethylene, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, and cellulose.
- the size of the porous hollow fiber membrane M is not limited. For example, the outer diameter is about 0.5 to 5 mm, the inner diameter is about 0.3 to 4.9 mm, and the fractionation characteristic is 0.05 to 0.00. The thing of about 5 micrometers is mentioned.
- the flow path member 20 is immersed in the liquid L stored in the container 10. As a result, the liquid L flows into the hollow fiber membrane traveling flow path 21 and the branch flow path 23 having the space expansion portion 22 from the openings 21a and 21b of the flow path member 20, and the flow paths are filled with the liquid L. It becomes a state.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M is continuously run so as to pass through the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 filled with the liquid L.
- the traveling speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be set as appropriate.
- the liquid suction means 40 causes the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 to be sucked and flowed from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63, and the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21.
- the pressure of the liquid L is reduced by pressure loss due to flow.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is reduced so as to be at least lower than the pressure inside the porous hollow fiber membrane M. Thereby, in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21, it becomes possible to make air bubbles flow out from the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M.
- the pressure of the liquid when bubbles are first generated is proportional to the surface tension of the liquid and inversely proportional to the pore diameter.
- the degree of pressure reduction of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 can be appropriately selected depending on the surface tension of the liquid used and the size of the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M to be detected. For example, when detecting defects of the same size, if the surface tension of the liquid L is halved, the required degree of decompression is halved.
- the pressure in the space expanding portion 22 is preferably ⁇ 90 kPa or more, and more preferably ⁇ 80 kPa or more. If the pressure of the liquid L is lower than the lower limit value, the gas dissolved in the liquid L may appear in the liquid L as fine bubbles, or a large bubble may be generated by boiling the liquid under reduced pressure. If such a bubble is detected as a bubble by the bubble detection means 50, the bubble from the defect and those bubbles cannot be detected separately, and a false detection of the defect occurs.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running flow path 21 can be controlled by the suction amount of the liquid L from the space expanding portion 22 through the branch flow path 23.
- the pressure of the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane traveling channel 21 is higher than the pressure inside the porous hollow fiber membrane M. Since it is low, the air inside the porous hollow fiber membrane M flows out from the defect into the liquid L as bubbles.
- the bubbles that have flowed into the liquid L flow toward the space expanding portion 22 and move together with the liquid L sucked through the branch flow path 23 and the liquid circulation line 63.
- the bubbles in the flowing liquid L are detected by the bubble detecting means 50 at the branch flow path 23.
- the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane M can be detected by detecting the bubbles that have flowed into the liquid L in the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21.
- the defect inspection method using the conventional defect inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 in order to achieve high hermeticity for decompressing the inside of the container at the introduction portion and the lead-out portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane. Requires a complicated sealing structure. Further, in the defect inspection method, air cannot be completely prevented from flowing into the container from the introduction part and the lead-out part of the porous hollow fiber membrane, so that the exhaust amount from the gas phase tends to increase.
- the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention the hollow fiber membrane running is performed in a state where the openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running channel are arranged in the liquid and the channel is filled with the liquid.
- the openings at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane running channel are positioned in the liquid, so that the air flow into the hollow fiber membrane running channel can be reduced. Inflow is prevented. Therefore, in the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, it is not necessary to employ a complicated sealing structure for the container or flow path member that contains the liquid, and the suction amount of the liquid suction means increases due to the inflow of air. Can also be prevented.
- the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention since the degree of decompression of the liquid is easily increased as compared with the case where the gas-phase air is exhausted, smaller defects can be easily detected. As described above, according to the defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, defects of the porous hollow fiber membrane can be inspected easily and efficiently. Further, in the defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, since the liquid flows in the flow path of the hollow fiber membrane, bubbles do not easily stay on the wall surface of the flow path and flow out of the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane. It is possible to guide all the bubbles to the bubble detection means. Therefore, bubbles that have flowed out (sucked out) from defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane can be detected stably, and defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane can be detected.
- This marking may be performed by specifying a defect position in consideration of the time when bubbles are detected and the time when bubbles are not detected in the measurement by the bubble detection means, and the traveling speed of the porous hollow fiber membrane. . Thereby, it is possible to easily repair or remove the defective portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be performed on a porous hollow fiber membrane production line or may be performed on a porous hollow fiber membrane after production. According to the defect inspection method of the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention described above, the defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane can be inspected simply and efficiently.
- the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is not limited to the method using the defect inspection apparatus 1.
- the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may be a method using a flow path member having no branch flow path.
- the defect inspection method for the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention includes, for example, the defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20A described above, the defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20B, the defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20C, A method of using various types of defect inspection apparatuses other than the defect inspection apparatus 1 as described above, such as a method of using a defect inspection apparatus having the flow path member 20D, the defect inspection apparatuses 2 and 3 and the like may be used.
- the manufacturing method of the porous hollow fiber membrane of this invention has the following solidification process, a washing
- Coagulation step A step of forming a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor by coagulating a membrane-forming stock solution containing a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer and a solvent with a coagulation solution.
- Washing step a step of washing the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor to remove the solvent remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- Removal step a step of removing the hydrophilic polymer remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor to obtain a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Drying step a step of drying the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Defect inspection step A step of inspecting the porous hollow fiber membrane after the drying step using the porous hollow fiber membrane defect inspection method of the present invention.
- a film-forming stock solution containing a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, and a solvent is prepared.
- the membrane forming raw solution is discharged into a coagulating liquid from a spinning nozzle having an annular discharge port, and is coagulated in the coagulating liquid to form a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- the coagulation liquid diffuses into the film-forming stock solution, the hydrophobic polymer is coagulated by the coagulation liquid, and the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic polymer each cause phase separation.
- the solidification proceeds while the phase separation proceeds, whereby a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor having a three-dimensional network structure in which the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic polymer are interlaced with each other is obtained.
- the hydrophilic polymer is entangled three-dimensionally with the hydrophobic polymer in a gel state.
- the hydrophilic polymer is removed in a removing step to be described later, and the portion from which the hydrophilic polymer has been removed becomes pores and becomes a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- dry / wet spinning may be employed in which an idle running section is provided after the film forming stock solution is discharged from the spinning nozzle until the film forming stock solution reaches the coagulating liquid.
- wet spinning in which the film-forming solution is directly discharged from the spinning nozzle into the coagulation liquid may be employed.
- the hydrophobic polymer can be used without particular limitation as long as it can form a porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in the coagulation step.
- the hydrophobic polymer include polysulfone resins such as polysulfone and polyethersulfone, fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose derivatives, polyamide, polyester, polymethacrylate, and polyacrylate.
- the copolymer of the above-mentioned resin may be used, and what introduce
- the same kind of polymers having different molecular weights may be blended and used, or two or more kinds of different kinds of resins may be mixed and used.
- Fluorine-based resins in particular, copolymers comprising both or one of polyvinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride, and other monomers other than polyvinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride, are oxidants such as hypochlorous acid. The durability against is excellent. Therefore, for example, when a porous hollow fiber membrane is obtained by treating the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor with an oxidizing agent in a removal step, which will be described later, it is preferable to select a fluororesin as the hydrophobic polymer. .
- the hydrophilic polymer is added to adjust the viscosity of the membrane-forming stock solution to a range suitable for the formation of the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor and stabilize the membrane-forming state.
- the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are preferable.
- both or one of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone and other monomers other than polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone are included.
- Copolymerized copolymers are preferred. You may mix and use 2 or more types of resin for a hydrophilic polymer.
- hydrophilic polymer having a lower molecular weight When a higher molecular weight hydrophilic polymer is used, it is easy to form a porous hollow fiber membrane having a good membrane structure. On the other hand, when a hydrophilic polymer having a lower molecular weight is used, the hydrophilic polymer is more easily removed from the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in the removing step described later. Therefore, the same kind of hydrophilic polymers having different molecular weights may be appropriately blended depending on the purpose.
- a film-forming stock solution can be prepared by mixing the above-described hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic polymer in a solvent (good solvent) in which they are soluble.
- a solvent good solvent
- the poor solvent of a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer may be mixed as long as the solvent does not impair the solubility of the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic polymer in the solvent.
- the temperature of the film-forming stock solution is not particularly limited and is preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the concentration of the hydrophobic polymer in the membrane forming stock solution is preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 15% by mass.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the hydrophobic polymer in the film forming stock solution is preferably 30% by mass, and more preferably 25% by mass.
- the lower limit of the concentration of the hydrophilic polymer in the membrane-forming stock solution is preferably 1% by mass and more preferably 5% by mass from the viewpoint that the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor is more easily formed.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the hydrophilic polymer in the film-forming stock solution is preferably 20% by mass and more preferably 12% by mass from the viewpoint of the handleability of the film-forming stock solution.
- the coagulation liquid must be a non-solvent that does not dissolve the hydrophobic polymer and a good solvent for the hydrophilic polymer.
- examples of the coagulation liquid include water, ethanol, methanol, and a mixed liquid thereof.
- the liquid mixture of the solvent and water used for the film-forming stock solution is preferable from the surface of safety
- an annular nozzle can be selected according to the shape of the target porous hollow fiber membrane.
- a spinning nozzle having an annular flow channel for discharging a membrane forming stock solution can be adopted outside the support passage through which the hollow reinforcing support passes.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane in which a hollow reinforcing support is disposed inside a porous layer formed of a hydrophobic polymer is obtained.
- the hollow reinforcing support include hollow knitted cords and braids made of various fibers. Various materials can be used alone or in combination for the hollow net or braid.
- the fiber used for the hollow knitted string and braided string examples include synthetic fiber, semi-synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, and natural fiber.
- the fiber used for the hollow knitted or braided string may be any of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarn.
- a film-forming stock solution that is simultaneously discharged from the spinning nozzle may be applied to the surface of the reinforcing support that passes through the spinning nozzle and put into the coagulation liquid.
- a film-forming stock solution may be applied to the surface of the reinforcing support within the nozzle using an annular composite spinning nozzle, and then directly discharged to the coagulation liquid.
- the removal step for example, after the hydrophilic polymer is oxidatively decomposed with an oxidizing agent, the low molecular weight hydrophilic polymer is removed.
- the hydrophilic polymer in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor By removing the hydrophilic polymer in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor, a porous hollow fiber membrane is obtained.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor is immersed in a chemical solution containing an oxidizing agent to hold the chemical solution, and then the chemical solution is held. A method of heating the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in the gas phase is preferred.
- hypochlorite is particularly preferable as the oxidizing agent because it has a strong oxidizing power and is excellent in the degradation performance of the hydrophilic polymer, is excellent in handling properties, and is inexpensive.
- hypochlorite include sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. Of these, sodium hypochlorite is particularly preferable as the hypochlorite.
- the temperature of the chemical solution is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 30 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the chemical solution is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 10 ° C. or higher. If the temperature of the chemical solution is 0 ° C. or higher, the oxidative decomposition efficiency of the hydrophilic polymer is good, and the cost for temperature control to a low temperature can be suppressed.
- the oxidatively decompose the hydrophilic polymer After holding the chemical solution in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor, it is preferable to oxidatively decompose the hydrophilic polymer by heating the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in the gas phase.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor When the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor is heated in the gas phase, the chemical liquid retained in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor is not significantly diluted or the chemical liquid is hardly dropped and eluted into the heating medium. . Therefore, the oxidizing agent in the chemical solution is efficiently used for decomposing the hydrophilic polymer remaining in the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- a method of heating the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor using a heating fluid under atmospheric pressure is preferable.
- the heating fluid a fluid having a high relative humidity is preferable from the viewpoint that drying of the oxidant is suppressed and efficient decomposition treatment is possible. That is, it is preferable to heat the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor holding the chemical solution under wet heat conditions.
- the relative humidity of the fluid is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably around 100%.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 50 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C., since the treatment time can be shortened when continuous treatment is performed.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 100 ° C. in the atmospheric pressure state.
- the cleaning method is not particularly limited, and may be a method of running the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in a cleaning tank filled with the cleaning liquid, or a method of immersing the porous hollow fiber membrane precursor in the cleaning liquid.
- the cleaning liquid include water, a mixed solution of water and a solvent used for the film-forming stock solution, and the like.
- the temperature of the cleaning liquid is not particularly limited and is preferably 30 to 80 ° C. When the temperature of the cleaning liquid is 30 ° C. or higher, the hydrophilic polymer is easily dispersed and dissolved in the cleaning liquid.
- the temperature of the cleaning liquid is 80 ° C. or lower, it is easy to ensure a high degree of vacuum, and it is easy to extract moisture from the porous hollow fiber membrane after cleaning.
- the temperature of the cleaning liquid exceeds 80 ° C., evaporation of the cleaning liquid increases, so that the cleaning liquid becomes difficult to handle.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane obtained by removing the hydrophilic polymer is dried.
- transducing a porous hollow fiber membrane into drying apparatuses, such as a hot air dryer, etc. are mentioned.
- the defect inspection process By performing the defect inspection process after the drying process, it is possible to perform the defect inspection in-line for all the porous hollow fiber membranes being manufactured, so that the yield is improved. Further, when a defect of the porous hollow fiber membrane is found in the defect inspection process, it is preferable to leave a record such as a marking in the defective portion. Thereby, when the element is assembled using the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane, it becomes easy to remove the defective portion so that the defective portion in the porous hollow fiber membrane is not mixed into the element, Yield is improved.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is a porous hollow fiber membrane produced using the above-described method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention. Since the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is simply and highly efficiently subjected to defect inspection, it can be suitably used in various fields such as water treatment.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane has a structure in which a hollow layer made of polyester fiber having an outer diameter of about 2.5 mm and an inner diameter of about 1.5 mm is covered with a porous layer of polyvinylidene fluoride resin having a thickness of about 0.15 mm. What was wound around the bobbin later was unwound from the bobbin, subjected to a hydrophilic treatment, and then used in a wet state in which the defect position was confirmed in advance by a hollow part pressure defect inspection method described later.
- the dried porous hollow fiber membrane is submerged in a 0.3% by mass aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as “hydrophilic solution”) of a hydrophilizing agent (manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: Orphine EXP4036) for about 30 minutes,
- the porous layer was sufficiently filled with a hydrophilizing liquid to make it hydrophilic.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane is pulled up from the hydrophilizing liquid, and after sufficiently draining the hydrophilizing liquid in the hollow portion, the porous hollow fiber membrane is washed with running water (room temperature pure water) for about 30 minutes. Replaced.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane is submerged by about 300 mm from one end to the other end under the surface of the water, and a red thread is tied to a defective portion where bubbles are generated from the surface, and bubbles are formed from the surface over the entire length of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the defect part which has generated is identified.
- the pressurization of the hollow part was stopped, the pressure was released, and the pressurizing nozzle was removed.
- the distance from the marking point to the red thread of the mark of each defective part was recorded.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane subjected to the inspection of the pressurization defect of the hollow part was wound around the bobbin from the end opposite to the marking end and covered with a polyethylene bag so as not to be dried.
- the flow path member 20 The flow path member 20 through which the porous hollow fiber membrane passes has a structure in which a groove forming the hollow fiber membrane travel flow path 21 having the space expanding portion 22 is formed in the flow path member main body 20a and is closed by the upper lid portion 20b.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the hollow fiber membrane running channel 21 is a square, and the mating surface of the upper lid 20b with the channel member body 20a is flat.
- FIGS. 2 to 4, 6 and 7 The structure illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, 6 and 7 is used. A thing was used. Further, the degree of pressure reduction of the liquid L was monitored with a pressure gauge 68 attached downstream of the branch flow path 23. Tables 1 and 2 show the dimensions of each part of the flow path member 20 and the specifications of each component device of the defect inspection apparatus.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane M subjected to the hollow portion pressure defect inspection is pulled out while applying a constant tension from the marking end, and is passed through the flow path member 20 through the guide rolls 31 and 32.
- the take-off device 80 was stopped when it was crossed five times. Pure water at about 20 ° C. was supplied to the defoaming means 64 at about 1 L / min, and pure water containing bubbles was discharged at about 0.1 L / min from the air vent of the defoaming means 64.
- Pure water exiting the deaeration unit 64 was supplied to the deaeration unit 65, and a decompression unit 66 was connected to the intake port of the deaeration unit 65, and the pressure was maintained at about ⁇ 92 kPa.
- the liquid L was defoamed by the defoaming means 64 and the degassing means 65, and pure water degassed was supplied to the container 10.
- the container water depth was adjusted so that the depth from the upper lid of the flow path member 20 to the container liquid surface was about 50 mm.
- the liquid suction means 40 is activated with the porous hollow fiber membrane passing through the flow path member 20, and the rotation speed of the liquid suction means 40 is adjusted by an inverter so that the pressure of the pressure gauge 68 becomes about ⁇ 80 ⁇ 2 kPa. It was adjusted.
- the pump suction amount at this time was about 4.2 L / min. From the air vent of the defoaming means 67 installed in the liquid circulation line 63, pure water containing bubbles is discharged at about 0.1 L / min, and bubbles in the pure water in the circulating container 10 and contaminants are removed. went.
- the roll peripheral speed was set to 20 m / min
- the AC servo-driven take-up device 80 that had been stopped in a state where the porous hollow fiber membrane was guided was started, and the porous hollow fiber membrane was moved at 20 m / min.
- the flow path member 20 was passed through and a continuous defect inspection of the porous hollow fiber membrane was performed.
- recording of the voltage signal from the amplifier of the photoelectric sensor is started with a data logger at a sampling period of 10 msec, and the film portion marked with black pigment-based ink from the start of recording is the center of the flow path member 20 The time until the moment of passing was recorded.
- FIG. 16 shows a graph of the data logger recording results of the porous hollow fiber membrane in the absence of defects, with the elapsed time on the horizontal axis and the output voltage on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 17 shows a graph of the data logger recording result of the defective portion in the porous hollow fiber membrane as the elapsed time on the horizontal axis and the output voltage on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 18 shows a graph of the data logger recording results of the portion of the porous hollow fiber membrane subjected to the continuous inspection that has passed through the flow path member 20 as the elapsed time on the horizontal axis and the output voltage on the vertical axis.
- Table 3 shows a comparison of the position from the marking point of the defect identified by the hollow pressure defect inspection method and the defect position from the marking point calculated from the measurement result of the continuous defect inspection and the film traveling speed shown in FIG. Shown in
- the defect inspection apparatus and defect inspection method for a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention do not require a complicated hermetic structure, and can easily and efficiently inspect defects in the porous hollow fiber membrane. It can be suitably used for defect inspection of various porous hollow fiber membranes.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年7月19日に、日本に出願された特願2011-157885号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、前記欠陥検査装置による欠陥検査は、前記導入部と前記導出部から容器内に気体が流入することを完全には防止できないことから、気相からの排気量が大きくなるので、エネルギーを浪費する。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法は、前記中空糸膜走行流路における前記分岐流路が分岐する部分に、流路の幅が拡張された空間拡大部が設けられており、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記空間拡大部から前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させることが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法は、前記気泡を前記液体と共に流動させることにより、気泡を検出する気泡検出手段へと前記気泡を導くことが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法は、前記流路内を満たす前記液体を、該液体中の泡および溶存気体を除去した後に供給することが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法は、前記中空糸膜走行流路内から吸引して流動させている前記液体中の気泡を検出することが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路における前記分岐流路が分岐する部分に、流路の幅が拡張された空間拡大部が設けられ、前記液体吸引手段により、前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記空間拡大部から前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させることが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、前記気泡が、流動する前記液体と共に前記気泡検出手段へ導かれることが好ましい。
前記気泡検出手段は、前記中空糸膜走行流路と前記液体吸引手段の間に設置されていることが好ましい。
前記気泡検出手段は、前記液体中に検査光を入射する出光部と、前記液体中を透過した検査光を受光する受光部とを有することが好ましい。
前記出光部と前記受光部は互いに向かい合うように設置されていることが好ましい。
前記出光部と前記受光部は、それらの先端部分が前記中空糸膜走行流路内から吸引されて流動している前記液体中に位置するように設置されていることが好ましい。
前記液体流入ラインには、流入する前記液体中の溶存気体を除去する脱気手段が設けられていることが好ましい。
前記液体流入ラインは、液体供給源から前記容器に前記液体が流入する液体供給ラインを有することが好ましい。
前記液体流入ラインは、前記流路部材から吸い出された前記液体が前記容器に流入して循環される液体循環ラインを有することが好ましい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法によれば、簡便かつ高効率に多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検査できる。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法によれば、欠陥のない多孔質中空糸膜を簡便かつ高効率に得られる。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜は、簡便かつ高効率に欠陥検査が行われている。
本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検査する装置である。以下、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置の一例を示して詳細に説明する。
本実施形態の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置1(以下、単に「欠陥検査装置1」という。)は、図1~4に示すように、液体Lが収容された容器10と、多孔質中空糸膜Mを通過させる中空糸膜走行流路21が内部を貫通するように形成され、中空糸膜走行流路21から分岐して一壁面に通じる分岐流路23がさらに形成され、それら流路内に液体Lが満たされる流路部材20と、流路部材20の中空糸膜走行流路21内を通過するように、多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行を規制する規制手段30と、流路部材20の中空糸膜走行流路21内に満たされる液体Lを分岐流路23を通じて流動させ、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力を低下させる液体吸引手段40と、多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から液体L中に流出された気泡を検出する気泡検出手段50と、を有している。
また、欠陥検査装置1は、容器10に液体Lが流入する液体流入ライン60を有している。液体流入ライン60は、一端が液体供給源(図示せず)と接続され、他端が容器10に接続され、前記液体供給源から液体が流入する液体供給ライン61と、一端が流路部材20の分岐流路23と接続され、他端が容器10に接続され、流路部材20の分岐流路23から吸い出された液体Lが容器10に流入して循環される液体循環ライン63と、を有している。
液体吸引手段40は、液体循環ライン63の途中に設けられており、分岐流路23、液体循環ライン63を通じて、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lを流動させることができるようになっている。
容器10の材質は、湿気や液体Lで腐食したり、液体Lに侵されたりしない素材であれば特に限定されず、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリプロピレン、ポリアセタールなどの樹脂、鉄、アルミニウム、銅、ステンレス、ニッケル、チタンなどの金属もしくは合金類、または、これらの複合材料などが挙げられる。
容器10の形状および大きさは、流路部材20を浸漬でき、流路部材20の両端の開口21a,21bから容器10内の液体Lが吸い込まれる際、渦が発生して液面から空気を吸引しないような液深を確保できるものであればよい。
脱泡手段64および脱気手段65としては、容器10に供給する液体L中の気泡や溶存気体を除去できるものであればよい。脱泡手段64としては、例えば、ろ過精度が0.1μm程度の分離膜などを用いた濾過モジュールなど、液体L中の気泡と液体を分離できるものが挙げられる。また、脱気手段65としては、例えば、ガス分離用多孔質中空糸膜を用いた脱気モジュールに減圧手段66を組み合わせたものなど、液体L中の溶存気体を脱気できるものが挙げられる。
本発明の欠陥検査装置では、この例のように、液体循環ライン63の途中に脱泡手段67を設置することが好ましい。これにより、容器10内を循環する液体Lに混入した異物や、流路部材20および液体吸引手段40内で液体L中から脱気されて気泡となった溶存気体を効率よく除去することができ、循環される液体Lに含まれる気泡による誤検知を抑制できる。液体供給ライン61に設けた脱泡手段64による信頼性の向上効果よりも、液体循環ライン63に設けた脱泡手段67による信頼性の向上効果の方が大きい。また、脱泡手段67は、分離した気泡が蓄積する部分に排水口を設け、常時適量の液体Lを容器10外に流出させることで、気泡が脱泡手段67内に溜まって液体濾過面積が減少することを防ぐことができる。脱泡手段67としては、脱泡手段64で挙げたものと同じものが挙げられる。
また、気泡の検出の信頼性をさらに向上させるために、液体循環ライン63に脱気手段を設けてもよい。
なお、検査中に多孔質中空糸膜から液体Lの表面張力を低下させる物質が流出し、液体Lの表面張力が低下するような場合、欠陥検査装置は、液体Lの表面張力をモニターし、容器10への水の供給量を制御することで液体Lの表面張力を一定に保つような機構を有することが好ましい。
分岐流路23は液体循環ライン63を通じて液体吸引手段40と接続されており、液体吸引手段40によって、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lを空間拡大部22から分岐流路23を通じて吸引して流動させられるようになっている。これにより、中空糸膜走行流路21内における、多孔質中空糸膜Mの外周部と中空糸膜走行流路21の壁面の間を流動する液体Lの流動圧力損失によって、中空糸膜走行流路21内の内部の液体Lの圧力を低下させることができる。中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力は、空間拡大部22における分岐流路23との接続部分で最も低くなる。欠陥検査装置1は、このように流路部材20の流路内が液体Lで満たされ、かつ中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lが空間拡大部22から分岐流路23に向かって流動され続けて減圧状態に維持されている中空糸膜走行流路21内に、多孔質中空糸膜Mを連続的に走行させるようになっている。
ただし、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bに、それらを閉じるための機構を設けてもよい。また、中空糸膜走行流路21を形成する溝と分岐流路23が形成された流路部材本体20aの上部が、上蓋部20bによって閉じられることで流路部材20を形成する場合、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの合わせ面から僅かでも外気が吸引されて液体Lに混入すると、その気泡を欠陥と誤検知してしまう場合がある。この問題を防ぐ方法としては、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの合わせ面の気密性を充分に確保する方法(1)と、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの合わせ面の接合線全体を液体L中に浸漬させ、たとえ流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの合わせ面の気密性が損なわれても液体Lが吸引され、外気が吸引されない構造とする方法(2)が挙げられる。なかでも、方法(2)が簡便で信頼性が高く好ましい。
また、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの合わせ面の両方に半円形の溝を形成し、それらを閉じ合わせることで円形流路を形成した場合に比べ、中空糸膜走行流路21の中心軸に垂直な断面形状を矩形とし、その一辺を上蓋部20bの底部によって形成すると、流路を形成する溝の形成は流路部材本体20a側のみでよく、上蓋部20bの合わせ面をフラットにすることができる。このようにすると、流路加工が容易で、流路部材本体20aと上蓋部20bの精密な位置合わせは不要である。また、流路内に多孔質中空糸膜Mを配置する際、多孔質中空糸膜Mを流路部材本体20aに形成した溝内に完全に入り込ませることができるため、上蓋部20bを閉じる際に合わせ面に多孔質中空糸膜Mを挟みこんでしまうおそれがなくなる。中空糸膜走行流路21の中心軸に垂直な断面形状が三角形の場合も、その一辺を上蓋部20bの底部によって形成すると、前記のような矩形の場合と同じ効果が得られる。
ただし、中空糸膜走行流路21の中心軸に垂直な断面形状は、矩形、三角形には限定されず、五角形以上の多角形や円形などであってもよい。
中空糸膜走行流路21の空間拡大部22以外の部分の幅d1(図3、図6)は、多孔質中空糸膜Mの直径の110%~180%が好ましく、120%~140%がより好ましい。中空糸膜走行流路21の空間拡大部22以外の部分の高さd2(図6)も同様に、多孔質中空糸膜Mの直径の110%~180%が好ましく、120%~140%がより好ましい。
中空糸膜走行流路21の中心軸に垂直な断面形状を正多角形にすると、中空糸膜走行流路21内の多孔質中空糸膜Mの周囲を流動する液体Lの流動状態が、多孔質中空糸膜Mの中心軸に対して軸対称状態となり、中空糸膜走行流路21内の多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行状態が安定になりやすい。
中空糸膜走行流路21における空間拡大部22とそれ以外の接続部分は鋭角部がないよう滑らかに仕上げられていることが好ましい。鋭角部をなくすことで、その部分を液体Lが流動する際に渦やキャビテーションの発生源となることが防がれ、減圧泡の発生や多孔質中空糸膜Mの振動などが発生することを抑制しやすくなる。同様の理由で、分岐流路23と空間拡大部22の接続部分も鋭角部がないよう滑らかに仕上げられていることが好ましい。
空間拡大部22の幅w1は、中空糸膜走行流路21の空間拡大部22以外の部分の幅d1に対して2倍以上が好ましい。これにより、多孔質中空糸膜Mと空間拡大部22の隙間の断面積が拡大し、液体Lが流動する際の流動圧損を大きく減少させることができる。
空間拡大部22の長さfは、多孔質中空糸膜Mの直径の2倍~10倍程度が好ましく、4倍~8倍程度がより好ましい。空間拡大部22の長さfが下限値以上であれば、多孔質中空糸膜Mと空間拡大部22の隙間の断面積が拡大し、流動圧損が低下する。空間拡大部22の長さfが上限値以下であれば、規制手段30による多孔質中空糸膜Mの支持間隔がより狭くなるので、多孔質中空糸膜Mが分岐流路23側に屈曲することを抑制しやすい。
空間拡大部22の幅w1および高さhが大きいほど、空間拡大部22内の液体Lの流動圧損が小さくなり、長さf方向での圧力変化量が少なくなるうえ、空間拡大部22の内部をより高い減圧度にすることができる。そのため、多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から流出する気泡を検出する際、高い減圧度でしか気泡が発生しない欠陥からも充分な気泡を発生させることが容易になり、気泡検知時間を長く取ることができることで、欠陥検出の分解能が向上する。
空間拡大部22の高さhは、空間拡大部22の幅w1の2~10倍が好ましい。空間拡大部22の高さhが下限値以上であれば、空間拡大部22内の長さf方向での圧力変化量がより少なくなる。空間拡大部22の高さhが上限値以下であれば、空間拡大部22内の容積増加による液体Lの置換時間の増加や、滞留部の増大に起因する気泡の検知精度や検査速度の低下を抑制しやすい。
流路部材20の材質としては、液体Lで腐食したり、液体Lに侵されたりしない素材であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリプロピレン、ポリアセタールなどの樹脂、鉄、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、チタンなどの金属若しくは合金類、またはこれらの複合材料などが挙げられる。
規制手段30におけるガイドロール31~34としては、多孔質中空糸膜の製造に通常使用されるガイドロールが使用できる。
気泡検出手段50としては、気泡を検出できるものであればよく、例えば、光電センサー、超音波による気泡検出器、画像処理装置などが挙げられる。なかでも、光電センサーが好ましい。
光電センサーとしては、例えば、アンプ内蔵型のオムロン製(型式E3X-DA11AN-S)やキーエンス製(型式FS-N11N(FS-N10シリーズ))のファイバーセンサーなどが挙げられる。
また、本発明では、図11に示すように、液体循環ライン63における分岐流路23と液体吸引手段40の間に気泡検出手段を設ける形態も好ましい。その他、空間拡大部22内における多孔質中空糸膜Mと分岐流路23の入口の間において、分岐流路23の中心軸の延長線上に気泡検出手段を設ける形態も好ましい。
ただし、流路部材20の分岐流路23周辺の一部や、液体循環ライン63の内壁面に、汚れや気泡が付着することを抑制するような処理が行われている場合などは、吸引されて流動している液体L中に出光部と受光部の先端部分が突き出された形態とせずに、出光部と受光部の先端部分が壁面と同一面なるように設置される形態であってもよい。また、分岐流路23周辺の一部や、液体循環ライン63が光を透過する樹脂材料などにより形成されている場合は、分岐流路23や液体循環ライン63の外側に出光部と受光部が設置される形態であってもよい。
また、本発明においては、気泡検出手段50は、出光部51の光軸と受光部52の光軸が、分岐流路23内の液体L中で交差するように設置されていてもよい。出光部51と受光部52をこのように設置した場合、気泡が無い場合には出光部51から発せられた光は受光部52に届かず、気泡が通過した場合に出光部51から発せられた光が該気泡によって反射または散乱され、その反射光または散乱光が受光部52に到達するので、この光量変化によって気泡を検出することができる。気泡による反射光または散乱光を受光して気泡を検出する方式は、気泡による遮光により気泡を検出する方式に比べて外乱光の影響を受けやすく、また液体L中の出光部51の光軸と受光部52の光軸それぞれの光軸方向に重なった気泡によって受光部52が受け取る光量が減少する。そのため、気泡による反射光または散乱光を受光して気泡を検出する方式では、外乱光を遮光して影響を低減する、または出光部51から出射される検査光強度を高めるといった手段を採用することが好ましい。
また、出光部51と受光部52の光軸は、分岐流路23の流路軸と直交していても、分岐流路23の流路軸に対して傾斜していてもよい。
本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置を、製造中の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検出に使用する形態としては、例えば、多孔質中空糸膜を紡糸する紡糸装置、多孔質中空糸膜を洗浄する洗浄装置、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置、多孔質中空糸膜を熱風などで乾燥する乾燥装置、多孔質中空糸膜をボビンなどに引き取る引取装置の各装置を順に設置し、多孔質中空糸膜の製造ライン上で欠陥を検出する形態が挙げられる。このような形態は、欠陥検査において欠陥から流出される気体を、乾燥装置において乾燥された膜面から多孔質中空糸膜の中空部に容易に供給できる点で好ましい。
これに対し、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置では、流路部材を液体中に浸漬して、中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が液体中に配置された状態で、該中空糸膜走行流路内の液体を流動させることで、中空糸膜走行流路内の液体の圧力を低下させる。このように、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置では、中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が液体中に位置していることで、中空糸膜走行流路内への空気の流入が防止された状態になっている。そのため、液体を収容する容器や流路部材に複雑な密閉構造を採用する必要がなく、また空気の流入によって液体吸引手段の吸引量が増大することも防止できる。また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置では、気相の空気を排気する場合に比べて少ない吸引量で液体の減圧の程度を高くできるので、より小さい欠陥も容易に検出できる。以上のように、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置を用いれば、簡便かつ高効率に多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検査できる。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置では、中空糸膜走行流路や分岐流路内で液体が流動しているので、流路の壁面に気泡が滞留し難く、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から流出した気泡を効率良く安定して検出し、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検出できる。
具体的には、流路部材の中空糸膜走行流路は1本には限定されない。例えば、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、図8および図9に例示した流路部材20Bを有する装置であってもよい。流路部材20Bは、各々の中央部分に空間拡大部22が設けられた、液体Lが満たされた状態で多孔質中空糸膜Mを通過させる4本の中空糸膜走行流路21と、各々の空間拡大部22の部分で中空糸膜走行流路21から分岐する4本の分岐流路23と、それら分岐流路23が合流する合流部24と、合流部24から液体Lを流出させる流出路25と、が内部に形成されている。流路部材20Bを有する欠陥検査装置では、流路部材20Bのそれぞれの中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lが、それぞれの空間拡大部22から分岐流路23、合流部24、流出路25を通じて液体吸引手段によって吸引されて流動し、それぞれの中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lが減圧される。この欠陥検査装置を使用すれば、4本の多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥を同時に検出できる。また、この場合、それぞれの中空糸膜走行流路21内を走行する多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥から生じた気泡を別々に検出するため、4本それぞれの分岐流路23または空間拡大部22の部分に気泡検出手段が設けられることが好ましい。
欠陥検査装置2では、液体Lを収容する容器10の底面の一部が流路部材20で構成されている。欠陥検査装置2における気泡検出手段50は、気泡検出手段50の先端が流路部材20の分岐流路23内を流れる液体L中には突き出されないように配置されている。また、欠陥検査装置2では、液体循環ライン63における脱泡手段67の下流に、循環させる液体L中の溶存酸素を除去する脱気手段69aが設けられている。これにより、気泡の検出の信頼性が向上する。脱気手段69aとしては、例えば、ガス分離用多孔質中空糸膜を用いた脱気モジュールに減圧手段69bを組み合わせたものなど、液体L中の溶存気体を脱気できるものが挙げられる。
欠陥検査装置3は、液体Lを収容する2つの容器10A,10Bを有し、流路部材20の両端がそれら容器10A,10Bの側面と連結されており、中空糸膜走行流路21の開口21aが容器10Aに収容された液体L中に配置され、開口21bが容器10Bに収容された液体L中に配置される以外は、欠陥検査装置1と同様の形態の装置である。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、空間拡大部を有さない中空糸膜走行流路と分岐流路が形成された流路部材を有する欠陥検査装置であってもよい。本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、中空糸膜走行流路における分岐流路が分岐する部分に、流路の幅だけが拡張された空間拡大部が設けられた流路部材を有する欠陥検査装置であってもよい。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、中空糸膜走行流路から分岐する分岐流路が、流路部材の下壁面以外の壁面に通じている流路部材を有する欠陥検査装置であってもよい。
流路部材20Cを有する欠陥検査装置の場合は、流路部材20Cにおける中空糸膜走行流路21の開口21b側から、液体Lを吸引して流動させて中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力を低下させること、すなわち液体Lの流動方向と多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行方向とが同一方向となるように、液体Lを吸引して中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力を低下させることが好ましい。なお、液体Lの流動方向と多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行方向とが逆方向となるように、流路部材20Cにおける中空糸膜走行流路21の開口21a側から液体Lを吸引して流動させ、中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力を低下させてもよい。また、流路部材20Cを有する欠陥検査装置の場合、気泡検出手段は、中空糸膜走行流路21においてできるだけ開口21b側、すなわち多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行方向における下流側に設置されることが好ましい。これにより、より安定して気泡を検出することができる。
流路部材20Dでは、長尺の矩形の平板状の上側板部材20cと、長尺の矩形の平板状の下側板部材20dとが、互いの間に一定の隙間ができるように平行に固定され、該隙間が、多孔質中空糸膜Mを走行させる中空糸膜走行流路21Aとなっている。中空糸膜走行流路21Aは、上側板部材20cと下側板部材20dとの隙間の長手方向に沿って多孔質中空糸膜Mが走行するようになっている。また、上側板部材20cの中央部分には、上側板部材20cと下側板部材20dの間の中空糸膜走行流路21Aから分岐して、中空糸膜走行流路21A内の液体Lを上側板部材20cの上壁面側に吸引するための分岐流路23Aが形成されている。
流路部材20Dを有する欠陥検査装置では、流路部材20Dを液体中に浸漬し、中空糸膜走行流路21A内を液体Lで満たし、分岐流路23Aを通じて中空糸膜走行流路21A内の液体Lを吸引することで、中空糸膜走行流路21A内の液体Lの圧力を低下させる。そして、中空糸膜走行流路21A内の液体L中に多孔質中空糸膜Mを走行させ、多孔質中空糸膜Mから流出した気泡を気泡検出手段によって検出することで、多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥を検出する。
流路部材20Dを有する欠陥検査装置の場合でも、気泡検出手段は、中空糸膜走行流路と液体吸引手段の間に設置されていることが好ましい。具体的には、この例では、分岐流路23Aにおける中空糸膜走行流路21A側の開口端と分岐流路23Aの上壁面側の開口端の間、または分岐流路23Aの上壁面側の開口端から液体吸引手段までの配管の途中に気泡検出手段が設置されていることが好ましい。
流路部材20Dにおける中空糸膜走行流路21Aの長さの好ましい範囲は、流路部材20における中空糸膜走行流路21の長さDの好ましい範囲と同じである。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置は、前述した各部分における他の実施形態例を任意に組み合わせた形態としてもよい。
以下、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法の一例として、前記欠陥検査装置1を使用した欠陥検査方法について説明する。
欠陥を検査する多孔質中空糸膜Mは、材質、分画特性などに制限はなく、濾過膜として使用できるものであればよい。多孔質中空糸膜Mの材質としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリスルフォン、ポリフッ化ビニルデン、セルロースなどが挙げられる。また、多孔質中空糸膜Mのサイズも限定されず、例えば、外径が0.5~5mm程度、内径が0.3~4.9mm程度、また、分画特性が0.05~0.5μm程度のものが挙げられる。
多孔質中空糸膜Mの走行速度は、適宜設定できる。
中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの減圧度は、使用する液体の表面張力、検出したい多孔質中空糸膜Mの欠陥の大きさによって適宜選択できる。例えば、同じ大きさの欠陥を検出する場合、液体Lの表面張力を1/2にすれば、必要な減圧度は1/2となる。
純水を主成分とする液体Lの場合、空間拡大部22内の圧力は、-90kPa以上が好ましく、-80kPa以上がより好ましい。前記液体Lの圧力が前記下限値よりも低いと、液体L中に溶解していた気体が微細気泡として液体L中に現れたり、液体の減圧沸騰により大きな泡が発生するおそれがある。そのような気泡が気泡検出手段50で気泡として検知されてしまうと、欠陥からの気泡とそれらの気泡とを分離検知することはできず、欠陥の誤検知が発生する。
中空糸膜走行流路21内の液体Lの圧力は、分岐流路23を通じた空間拡大部22からの液体Lの吸引量により制御できる。
これに対し、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が液体中に配置し、流路内を液体で満たした状態で、中空糸膜走行流路内の液体を流動させることで、該中空糸膜走行流路内の液体の圧力を低下させる。このように、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が液体中に位置していることで、中空糸膜走行流路内への空気の流入が防止された状態である。そのため、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、液体を収容する容器や流路部材に複雑な密閉構造を採用する必要がなく、また空気の流入によって液体吸引手段の吸引量が増大することも防止できる。また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、気相の空気を排気する場合に比べて液体の減圧の程度を高くしやすいので、より小さい欠陥も容易に検出できる。以上のように、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、簡便かつ高効率に多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検査できる。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法では、中空糸膜走行流路内で液体を流動させるので、流路の壁面に気泡が滞留し難く、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から流出したすべての気泡を気泡検出手段へ導くことができる。そのため、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から流出した(吸い出された)気泡を安定して検出し、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検出できる。
以上説明した本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法によれば、簡便かつ高効率に多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を検査できる。
また、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法は、例えば、前述した流路部材20Aを有する欠陥検査装置、流路部材20Bを有する欠陥検査装置、流路部材20Cを有する欠陥検査装置、流路部材20Dを有する欠陥検査装置、欠陥検査装置2,3などを使用する方法など、前記したような欠陥検査装置1以外の様々な形態の欠陥検査装置を使用する方法であってもよい。
本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法は、下記の凝固工程と、洗浄工程と、除去工程と、乾燥工程と、欠陥検査工程と、を有する。
凝固工程:疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーと溶媒とを含む製膜原液を凝固液により凝固させて多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を形成する工程。
洗浄工程:前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を洗浄して該多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する溶媒を除去する工程。
除去工程:前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する親水性ポリマーを除去して多孔質中空糸膜を得る工程。
乾燥工程:前記多孔質中空糸膜を乾燥する工程。
欠陥検査工程:前記乾燥工程後の前記多孔質中空糸膜に対して、本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法を用いて欠陥を検査する工程。
まず、疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーと溶媒とを含む製膜原液を調製する。ついで、例えば、該製膜原液を環状の吐出口が形成された紡糸ノズルから凝固液中に吐出し、凝固液中で凝固させて、多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を形成する。
製膜原液中に凝固液が拡散するにしたがって、凝固液によって疎水性ポリマーが凝固され、疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーがそれぞれ相分離を起こす。このように、相分離が進行しつつ凝固が進行することにより、疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーとが相互に入り組んだ三次元網目構造の多孔質中空糸膜前駆体が得られる。多孔質中空糸膜前駆体においては、親水性ポリマーは、ゲル状態で疎水性ポリマーと三次元的に絡みあっているものと推察される。多孔質中空糸膜前駆体は、後述する除去工程において親水性ポリマーが除去されることで、その親水性ポリマーが除去された部分が空孔となり、多孔質中空糸膜となる。
凝固工程においては、紡糸ノズルから製膜原液を吐出させた後、該製膜原液が凝固液に至るまでの間に空走区間を設ける乾湿式紡糸を採用してもよく、空走区間を設けずに、紡糸ノズルから凝固液中に製膜原液を直接吐出する湿式紡糸を採用してもよい。
フッ素系樹脂、なかでも、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびフッ化ビニリデンの両方または一方と、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびフッ化ビニリデン以外の他の単量体とからなる共重合体は、次亜塩素酸などの酸化剤に対する耐久性が優れている。よって、例えば後述の除去工程などで、多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を酸化剤により処理して多孔質中空糸膜を得る場合には、疎水性ポリマーとしてフッ素系樹脂を選択することが好適である。
親水性ポリマーには、2種以上の樹脂を混合して使用してもよい。より高分子量の親水性ポリマーを用いると、膜構造の良好な多孔質中空糸膜を形成しやすい。一方、より低分子量の親水性ポリマーを用いると、後述の除去工程において多孔質中空糸膜前駆体から親水性ポリマーがより除去されやすい。よって、目的に応じて、分子量が異なる同種の親水性ポリマーを適宜ブレンドして用いてもよい。
溶媒の種類には特に制限はないが、乾湿式紡糸で凝固工程を行う場合には、空走部において製膜原液を吸湿させることによって多孔質中空糸膜の孔径を調整するため、水と均一に混合しやすい溶媒を選択することが好ましい。このような溶媒としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-メチルモルホリン-N-オキシドなどが挙げられる。溶媒は、1種のみを使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。また、溶媒は、溶媒への疎水性ポリマーおよび親水性ポリマーの溶解性を損なわない範囲であれば、疎水性ポリマーおよび親水性ポリマーの貧溶媒を混合してもよい。
また、製膜原液には、必要に応じて他の添加成分を加えてもよい。
製膜原液の温度は、特に制限されず、20~40℃が好ましい。
製膜原液中における親水性ポリマーの濃度の下限は、多孔質中空糸膜前駆体をより形成しやすい点から、1質量%が好ましく、5質量%がより好ましい。製膜原液中における親水性ポリマーの濃度の上限は、製膜原液の取扱性の点から、20質量%が好ましく、12質量%がより好ましい。
除去工程では、例えば、酸化剤による親水性ポリマーの酸化分解を行った後、低分子量化された親水性ポリマーを除去する。多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中の親水性ポリマーが除去されることで、多孔質中空糸膜が得られる。
多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中の親水性ポリマーを低分子量化する方法としては、多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を酸化剤を含む薬液に浸漬して該薬液を保持させ、ついで、薬液を保持した多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を気相中で加熱する方法が好ましい。
酸化剤としては、オゾン、過酸化水素、過マンガン酸塩、重クロム酸塩、過硫酸塩などが使用できる。なかでも、酸化剤としては、酸化力が強く親水性ポリマーの分解性能に優れること、取扱性に優れること、安価なことなどの点から、次亜塩素酸塩が特に好ましい。次亜塩素酸塩としては、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸カルシウムなどが挙げられる。なかでも、次亜塩素酸塩としては、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
加熱温度の下限は、連続処理を行う場合に処理時間を短くできることから、50℃が好ましく、80℃がより好ましい。加熱温度の上限は、大気圧状態では、100℃が好ましい。
洗浄液としては、例えば、水、水と製膜原液に用いた溶媒との混合溶液などが挙げられる。
洗浄液の温度は、特に制限はなく、30~80℃が好ましい。洗浄液の温度が30℃以上であれば、親水性ポリマーが洗浄液に分散・溶解しやすくなる。洗浄液の温度が80℃以下であれば、高い減圧度を確保しやすく、洗浄後の多孔質中空糸膜から水分を引き抜きやすくなる。また、洗浄液の温度が80℃を超えると、洗浄液の蒸発が多くなるため、洗浄液が取り扱い難くなる。
親水性ポリマーを除去して得られた多孔質中空糸膜を乾燥する。
多孔質中空糸膜を乾燥する方法としては、特に制限はなく、多孔質中空糸膜を熱風乾燥機などの乾燥装置に導入する方法などが挙げられる。
乾燥後の多孔質中空糸膜に対して、前述した本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法によって、欠陥の検査を行う。
また、欠陥検査工程で多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥を発見した場合は、その欠陥部分にマーキングなど記録を残しておくことが好ましい。これにより、得られた多孔質中空糸膜を用いてエレメントの組み立て加工を行う時に、多孔質中空糸膜における欠陥部分が該エレメントに混入しないように該欠陥部分を除去することが容易になり、歩留まりが向上する。
本発明の多孔質中空糸膜は、前記した本発明の多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法を用いて製造した多孔質中空糸膜である。本発明の多孔質中空糸膜は、簡便かつ高効率に欠陥検査が行われているため、水処理などの様々な分野に好適に使用できる。
(多孔質中空糸膜)
多孔質中空糸膜としては、ポリエステル繊維製の外径約2.5mm、内径約1.5mmの中空紐に、ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂の多孔質層が厚み約0.15mm被覆された構造で、乾燥後にボビンに巻かれたものを、ボビンより巻き出し、親水化処理を行った後、後述する中空部加圧欠陥検査法で予め欠陥位置を確認した湿潤状態ものを用いた。
乾燥された多孔質中空糸膜を、親水化剤(日信化学工業(株)製:オルフィンEXP4036)の0.3質量%水溶液(以下、「親水化液」という。)に約30分沈め、多孔質層に親水化液を充分充満させて親水化した。該多孔質中空糸膜を親水化液から引き上げ、中空部の親水化液を充分流出させた後に流水中(室温純水)で約30分洗浄し、多孔質層の親水化液を純水に置換した。
親水化された多孔質中空糸膜約30mを、純水を約50mmの深さに張った長さ2000mm、幅300mm、深さ150mmの水槽に、多孔質中空糸膜ができるだけ重ならないように広げ、多孔質中空糸膜の両端の中空部に加圧ノズルを装着し、精密減圧弁で80kPaに圧力調圧した圧縮空気を供給した。
該多孔質中空糸膜を、その一端から他端に向けて約300mmずつ水面下に沈め、表面から気泡が発生している欠陥部に赤色糸を結び、多孔質中空糸膜全長にわたって表面から気泡が発生している欠陥部を同定した。その後、中空部の加圧を停止し、圧力を開放して、加圧ノズルを取り外した。
多孔質中空糸膜の一端から5mの点に黒色の顔料系インクでマーキングを行った後、そのマーキング点から各欠陥部の目印の赤色糸までの距離を記録した。中空部加圧欠陥検査を行った多孔質中空糸膜は、マーキング端の反対端からボビンに巻き取り、乾燥しないようにポリエチレン製の袋でボビンごと覆った。
多孔質中空糸膜の連続欠陥検査には、図15に示すように、トルクモーターでボビンにバックテンションを付与可能な供給装置70と、欠陥検査装置1と、ネルソンロール式の引取装置80を有する構成の装置を用いた。
(流路部材20)
多孔質中空糸膜が通過する流路部材20は、流路部材本体20aに、空間拡大部22を有する中空糸膜走行流路21を形成する溝が形成され、上蓋部20bによって閉じる構造で、中空糸膜走行流路21の中心軸に垂直な断面形状は正方形、上蓋部20bの流路部材本体20aとの合わせ面は平らな、図2~4、図6および図7に例示した構造のものを用いた。また、分岐流路23の下流に取り付けた圧力計68で液体Lの減圧度をモニターした。
流路部材20の各部寸法および欠陥検査装置の各構成機器の仕様を表1および表2に示す。
約20℃の純水を約1L/分で脱泡手段64に供給し、脱泡手段64の空気抜きから、気泡を含んだ純水を約0.1L/分で排出した。脱泡手段64を出た純水を脱気手段65に供給し、脱気手段65の吸気口に減圧手段66を接続し、約-92kPaに保持した。脱泡手段64および脱気手段65により液体Lを脱泡、脱気した純水を容器10に供給した。容器水深は流路部材20の上蓋から容器液面までの深さが約50mmになるようにオーバーフロー部の位置を調整した。
流路部材20内を多孔質中空糸膜が通った状態で液体吸引手段40を起動させ、圧力計68の圧力が約-80±2kPaになるように、インバーターで液体吸引手段40の回転速度を調整した。このときのポンプ吸引量は約4.2L/分であった。液体循環ライン63に設置した脱泡手段67の空気抜きからは、気泡を含んだ純水を約0.1L/分で排出し、循環する容器10内の純水中の気泡および混入異物の除去を行った。ついで、ロール周速度を20m/分に設定し、多孔質中空糸膜を導膜した状態で停止させてあったACサーボ駆動の引取装置80を起動し、多孔質中空糸膜を20m/分で流路部材20内を通過させ、多孔質中空糸膜の連続欠陥検査を行った。
引取装置80の起動後、直ちに光電センサーのアンプからの電圧信号をデーターロガーでサンプリング周期10msecで記録を開始し、また記録開始から黒色の顔料系インクでマーキングした膜部が流路部材20の中央を通過した瞬間までの時間を記録した。
中空部加圧欠陥検査法で同定した欠陥のマーキング点からの位置と、図18に示した連続欠陥検査の測定結果と膜走行速度から算出したマーキング点からの欠陥位置を比較したものを表3に示す。
また、実施例1の連続欠陥検査の測定において、中空部加圧欠陥検査法では検出されなかった欠陥が新たに検出された。実施例1における連続欠陥検査後の多孔質中空糸膜について、再度中空部加圧欠陥検査を行ったところ、実施例1の連続欠陥検査で新たに見つかった位置に気泡が発生する欠陥が見つかり、中空部加圧欠陥検査後の多孔質中空糸膜の膜取り扱いによって生じた損傷であることが確認された。
10,10A,10B 容器
20,20A~20D 流路部材
21,21A 中空糸膜走行流路
22 空間拡大部
23,23A 分岐流路
30 規制手段
31~34 ガイドロール
40 液体吸引手段
50 気泡検出手段
51 出光部
52 受光部
60 液体流入ライン
61 液体供給ライン
62 液体排出ライン
63 液体循環ライン
64,67 脱泡手段
65 脱気手段
66 減圧手段
68 圧力計
70 供給装置
80 引取装置
D 中空糸膜走行流路長
d1 中空糸膜走行流路断面幅
d2 中空糸膜走行流路断面高さ
d3 中空糸膜走行流路の隙間の距離
w1 空間拡大部幅
f 空間拡大部長
h 空間拡大部高さ
Claims (20)
- 多孔質中空糸膜を通過させる中空糸膜走行流路が内部を貫通するように形成された流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口を液体中に配置して流路内を前記液体で満たし、
前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体中を通過するように多孔質中空糸膜を連続的に走行させ、
前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を流動させることにより、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させ、
前記多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から前記液体中に流出された気泡を検出する、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。 - 前記中空糸膜走行流路から分岐して一壁面に通じる分岐流路がさらに形成された前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口を前記液体中に配置して流路内を前記液体で満たし、
前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させる、請求項1に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。 - 前記中空糸膜走行流路における前記分岐流路が分岐する部分に、流路の幅が拡張された空間拡大部が設けられており、
前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記空間拡大部から前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させる、請求項2に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。 - 前記気泡を前記液体と共に流動させることにより、気泡を検出する気泡検出手段へと前記気泡を導く、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。
- 前記流路内を満たす前記液体を、該液体中の泡および溶存気体を除去した後に供給する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。
- 前記中空糸膜走行流路内から吸引して流動させている前記液体中の気泡を検出する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査方法。
- 液体が収容された容器と、
多孔質中空糸膜を連続的に通過させる中空糸膜走行流路が内部を貫通するように形成され、かつ前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が前記液体中に配置されて流路内が前記液体で満たされる流路部材と、
前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体中を通過するように、前記多孔質中空糸膜の走行を規制する規制手段と、
前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させる液体吸引手段と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥から前記液体中に流出された気泡を検出する気泡検出手段と、
を有する、多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記流路部材が、前記中空糸膜走行流路から分岐して一壁面に通じる分岐流路がさらに形成され、かつ前記中空糸膜走行流路の両端の開口が前記液体中に配置されて流路内が前記液体で満たされる流路部材であり、
前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させる、請求項7に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路における前記分岐流路が分岐する部分に、流路の幅が拡張された空間拡大部が設けられ、
前記液体吸引手段により、前記流路部材の前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体を前記空間拡大部から前記分岐流路を通じて流動させ、前記中空糸膜走行流路内の前記液体の圧力を低下させる、請求項8に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。 - 前記気泡が、流動する前記液体と共に前記気泡検出手段へ導かれる、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記気泡検出手段が、前記中空糸膜走行流路と前記液体吸引手段の間に設置されている、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記気泡検出手段が、前記液体中に検査光を入射する出光部と、前記液体中を透過した検査光を受光する受光部とを有する、請求項7~11のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記出光部と前記受光部が互いに向かい合うように設置されている、請求項12に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記出光部と前記受光部が、それらの先端部分が前記中空糸膜走行流路内から吸引されて流動している前記液体中に位置するように設置されている、請求項12または13に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- さらに、前記容器に前記液体が流入する液体流入ラインを有し、前記液体流入ラインに、流入する前記液体に含まれる泡を除去する脱泡手段が設けられている、請求項7~14のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記液体流入ラインに、流入する前記液体中の溶存気体を除去する脱気手段が設けられている、請求項15に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記液体流入ラインが、液体供給源から前記容器に前記液体が流入する液体供給ラインを有する、請求項15または16に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 前記液体流入ラインが、前記流路部材から吸い出された前記液体が前記容器に流入して循環される液体循環ラインを有する、請求項15~17のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質中空糸膜の欠陥検査装置。
- 疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーと溶媒とを含む製膜原液を凝固液により凝固させて多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を形成する凝固工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を洗浄して該多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する溶媒を除去する洗浄工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する親水性ポリマーを除去して多孔質中空糸膜を得る除去工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜を乾燥する乾燥工程と、
前記乾燥工程後の前記多孔質中空糸膜に対して、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の欠陥検査方法を用いて欠陥を検査する欠陥検査工程と、
を有する多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーと溶媒とを含む製膜原液を凝固液により凝固させて多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を形成する凝固工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体を洗浄して該多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する溶媒を除去する洗浄工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜前駆体中に残存する親水性ポリマーを除去して多孔質中空糸膜を得る除去工程と、
前記多孔質中空糸膜を乾燥する乾燥工程と、
前記乾燥工程後の前記多孔質中空糸膜に対して、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の欠陥検査方法を用いて欠陥を検査する欠陥検査工程と、
を有する多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法を用いて製造された多孔質中空糸膜。
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EP12814398.9A EP2735856A4 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INSPECTING DEFECTS OF POROUS HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES, POROUS HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE MEMBRANE |
KR1020147003867A KR20140051303A (ko) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | 다공질 중공사막의 결함 검사 장치 및 결함 검사 방법 및 다공질 중공사막 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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US15/204,708 US20160370250A1 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2016-07-07 | Defect inspection apparatus and defect inspection method for porous hollow fiber membrane, porous hollow fiber membrane, and manufacturing method thereof |
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