WO2014133170A1 - 多能性幹細胞を損傷部位に誘導する遊走因子を含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
多能性幹細胞を損傷部位に誘導する遊走因子を含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JRESCQKIRPOOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C(CN(C(CC2)=O)C2=O)=O)c(C)[n]1Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C(CN(C(CC2)=O)C2=O)=O)c(C)[n]1Cc1ccccc1 JRESCQKIRPOOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a migration factor that induces pluripotent stem cells to a damaged site.
- Non-patent Document 1 a cell having differentiation potential obtained from an adult, for example, a bone marrow mesenchymal cell fraction (MSC) having differentiation potential into bone, cartilage, adipocyte, nerve cell, skeletal muscle and the like (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2)
- MSC bone marrow mesenchymal cell fraction
- iPS cells Patent Document 1 have been reported as adult-derived pluripotent stem cells. For the establishment of iPS cells, a specific gene or a specific gene is identified in a fraction of mesenchymal dermal fibroblasts. In addition to requiring a very complicated operation of introducing the above compound into somatic cells, iPS cells have a high tumorigenic ability, and therefore there is an extremely high hurdle for clinical application.
- SSEA-3 Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-3
- Muse cells Pluripotent stem cells (Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring cells; Muse cells) are responsible for the pluripotency of the mesenchymal cell fraction and can be applied to disease treatments aimed at tissue regeneration (Patent Document 2; Non-Patent Document 3; Non-Patent Document 4).
- Non-patent Document 2 pluripotent stem cells
- Non-patent Document 3 the mechanism by which Muse cells are induced in damaged tissues is not elucidated, and migratory factors that induce Muse cells to the site of injury have not been identified.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a medical use using pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) in regenerative medicine, to enhance the migratory activity of Muse cells, and to efficiently accumulate Muse cells at the damaged site. It is an object of the present invention to identify a migratory factor for providing a pharmaceutical composition containing the migratory factor.
- Muse cells pluripotent stem cells
- the present inventors have succeeded in identifying a migratory factor that induces Muse cells to the damaged site by making full use of proteome analysis, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is one of the migratory factors.
- S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate
- Enhancing the activity of migrating includes initiating the migration of Muse cells present in mesenchymal tissue to the damaged site.
- a pharmaceutical composition for activating pluripotent stem cell migration comprising a compound that activates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 as an active ingredient.
- the compound that activates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is an agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2.
- the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 agonist is sphingosine-1-phosphate or a derivative thereof.
- An agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is 1- (2- (1-benzyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) -2-oxoethyl) -5- (tri Fluoromethyl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one, 1- (2- (1-benzyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) -2-oxoethyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, -(2- (1-benzyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) -2-oxoethyl) -3-methylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trione, 1- (1-benzyl- 2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) -2-((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thio) ethanone and (S) -1- (2- (1-benzyl- 2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3
- the sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitor is (E) -1- (4-((1R, 2S, 3R) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl) -1H-imidazole-2 -Yl) ethanone oxime, (1R, 2S, 3R) -1- (2- (isoxazol-3-yl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol, and [5] above, selected from the group consisting of 1- (5-((1R, 2S, 3R) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl) ethanone Pharmaceutical composition.
- the pluripotent stem cell is a pluripotent stem cell having all of the following properties: (I) low or no telomerase activity; (Ii) has the ability to differentiate into cells of any germ layer of the three germ layers; (Iii) no neoplastic growth; and (iv) self-renewal ability.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a migration factor that enhances the migration activity activity of Muse cells and induces Muse cells at the damaged site in tissue regeneration by Muse cells.
- sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors S1PR
- NHDF normal human skin fibroblasts
- the Boyden chamber has an insert with a micropore diameter of 8 ⁇ m inside. A culture solution containing Muse cells or non-Muse cells is added to the top of the insert, a culture solution containing a migration factor is added to the bottom of the insert, and the number of cells that have passed through the insert after 18 hours is counted.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a simple cell kinetic analyzer (EZ-TAXIScan) used for measuring migration of Muse cells. There are two slits in the apparatus, and cells and migration factors are added to each, and the state in which the cells are directed to the migration factors on the plate is indicated by arrows. It is a photograph which shows the cell migration measured using the simple type cell dynamics analyzer.
- EZ-TAXIScan simple cell kinetic analyzer
- Muse cells move according to the concentration gradient of the migration factor so as to dive in a structure called a terrace having a length of 250 ⁇ m and a depth of 8 ⁇ m.
- the photo on the left shows the case where 2 ⁇ M sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was added, and the photo on the right shows the cell migration when S1P was not added.
- S1P 2 ⁇ M sphingosine-1-phosphate
- the result of having analyzed the migration of the Muse cell by S1P with the simple cell dynamics analyzer is shown.
- the left figure shows the result of measuring in real time how Muse cells migrate linearly toward S1P.
- the right figure shows the result of measuring in real time how Muse cells spread randomly when S1P is not included.
- mice used are immunodeficient SCID mice (7 weeks old) that do not reject human cells.
- a biodegradable hydrogel impregnated with S1P solution is transplanted on the back of the mouse, GFP-positive human Muse cells are administered via the tail vein, and the tissue around the hydrogel transplantation site is collected, and Muse cells are accumulated at the site.
- An anti-GFP antibody (Alexa568) was used for GFP staining.
- Muse cells are accumulated depending on the concentration of the S1P solution. Muse cells accumulated in the hydrogel were evaluated as the number of cells per 1 mm 2 . Similar to the results in FIG. 8, Muse cells were accumulated depending on the S1P concentration.
- the present invention relates to a composition containing a migration factor that induces pluripotent stem cells to a damaged site and use thereof.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- Pluripotent stem cells The pluripotent stem cell induced by the migratory factor of the present invention at the injured site was found by Dezawa, one of the present inventors, in the human body, and "Muse (Multilineage-differentiating Stress Ending) cell" Named cell. Muse cells can be obtained from skin tissues such as bone marrow fluid and dermal connective tissue, and are also scattered in connective tissues of each organ. In addition, this cell is a cell having the properties of both pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. For example, the cell surface markers “SSEA-3 (Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3)” and “ Identified as "CD105" double positive.
- SSEA-3 Serial-specific embryonic antigen-3)
- Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells can be separated from living tissues using, for example, these antigen markers as indicators. Details such as a method for separating Muse cells, an identification method, and characteristics are disclosed in International Publication No. WO2011 / 007900. Also, as reported by Wakao et al. (2011, supra), when mesenchymal cells are cultured from bone marrow, skin, etc. and used as the population of Muse cells, all SSEA-3 positive cells are CD105 It is known to be a positive cell.
- the Muse cells when separating Muse cells from living mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal stem cells, the Muse cells can be simply purified using SSEA-3 as an antigen marker and used. it can.
- a cell population containing pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) or Muse cells isolated from living mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal tissue using SSEA-3 as an antigen marker is simply “ May be described as "SSEA-3 positive cells”.
- “non-Muse cells” refer to cells other than “SSEA-3-positive cells”, which are cells contained in a mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal tissue in a living body.
- Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells can be obtained from living tissue (eg, using antibodies against the cell surface marker SSEA-3 alone, or both antibodies against SSEA-3 and CD105, respectively) , Mesenchymal tissue).
- living tissue eg, using antibodies against the cell surface marker SSEA-3 alone, or both antibodies against SSEA-3 and CD105, respectively
- Mesenchymal tissue e.g., Mesenchymal tissue.
- “living body” means a living body of a mammal. In the present invention, the living body does not include embryos whose developmental stage is earlier than the fertilized egg or blastocyst stage, but includes embryos in the developmental stage after the blastocyst stage including the fetus and blastocyst.
- Mammals include, but are not limited to, primates such as humans and monkeys, rodents such as mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, sheep, pigs, cows, horses, donkeys, goats, ferrets, etc. It is done.
- Muse cells targeted in the present invention are clearly distinguished from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and embryonic germ stem cells (EG cells) in that they are derived from living tissue.
- the “mesenchymal tissue” refers to tissues such as bone, synovium, fat, blood, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, dermis, ligament, tendon, dental pulp, umbilical cord, and connective tissues present in various organs.
- Muse cells can be obtained from bone marrow or skin.
- a mesenchymal tissue of a living body it is preferable to collect a mesenchymal tissue of a living body and separate and use Muse cells from this tissue. Moreover, you may isolate
- a Muse cell or a cell population containing a Muse cell can be separated from a living tissue using, for example, SSEA-3 positive or SSEA-3 positive and CD105 positive double positive as an index.
- the skin contains various types of stem cells and progenitor cells.
- Muse cells are not the same as these cells.
- Such stem cells and progenitor cells include skin-derived progenitor cells (SKP), neural crest stem cells (NCSC), melanoblast (MB), perivascular cells (PC), endothelial progenitor cells (EP), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). ).
- Muse cells can be isolated using “non-expression” of a marker unique to these cells as an index.
- Muse cells are CD34 (EP and ADSC markers), CD117 (c-kit) (MB markers), CD146 (PC and ADSC markers), CD271 (NGFR) (NCSC markers), NG2 (PC marker), vWF factor (von Willebrand factor) (EP marker), Sox10 (NCSC marker), Snai1 (SKP marker), Slug (SKP marker), Tyrp1 (MB marker), and At least one of 11 markers selected from the group consisting of Dct (MB marker), for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 The non-expression of individual or eleven markers can be separated into indicators.
- non-expression of CD117 and CD146 can be separated as an index
- non-expression of CD117, CD146, NG2, CD34, vWF and CD271 can be separated as an index
- the non-expression of 11 markers can be separated as an index.
- the Muse cell having the above-described characteristics targeted in the present invention is as follows: (I) low or no telomerase activity; (Ii) has the ability to differentiate into cells of any germ layer of the three germ layers; It may have at least one property selected from the group consisting of (iii) showing no neoplastic growth; and (iv) having a self-renewal capability.
- the Muse cell targeted in the present invention has all the above properties.
- telomerase activity is low or absent means that, for example, when telomerase activity is detected using TRAPEZE XL telomerase detection kit (Millipore), it is low or cannot be detected.
- “Low” telomerase activity means, for example, telomerase having a telomerase activity comparable to that of somatic human fibroblasts, or 1/5 or less, preferably 1/10 or less compared to Hela cells. It means having activity.
- the Muse cell has the ability to differentiate into three germ layers (endoderm, mesodermal, and ectoderm) in vitro and in vivo, for example, induction culture in vitro Can be differentiated into hepatocytes, nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, bone cells, fat cells and the like. In addition, when transplanted to the testis in vivo, it may show the ability to differentiate into three germ layers.
- Muse cells have the property of proliferating at a growth rate of about 1.3 days in suspension culture, but stop growing in about 10 days. Further, when transplanted to the testis, Muse cells have cancer for at least half a year. It has the property of not becoming Moreover, about said (iv), a Muse cell has self-renewal (self-replication) ability.
- self-renewal refers to culturing cells contained in an embryoid body-like cell mass obtained by suspension culture of one Muse cell, and forming an embryoid body-like cell mass again. .
- the self-renewal may be repeated once or multiple times.
- Muse cells are known to home to the site of injury when administered to adults, whereas non-Muse cells do not home to the site of injury, There is no known migratory factor that induces Muse cells to the site of injury. Therefore, assuming that there is a migration factor that induces Muse cells at the site of injury, first, a protein that is specifically expressed in Muse cells but not in non-Muse cells (in particular, a receptor). It is considered that there is a high possibility that a ligand or the like is a migration factor.
- proteome analysis is useful as a method for identifying unknown factors.
- This analysis analyzes the biochemical and physicochemical properties of proteins extracted from cells or tissues, and uses the genetic information revealed by genomic analysis to determine the correspondence between the protein and the gene that encodes it. It is an analytical method for research aimed at clarifying the functions of translation products of all genes using genomic sequence information.
- a peptide mass-finger printing (PMF) method is currently used as a commonly used technique.
- PMF peptide mass-finger printing
- a protein is separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis or the like, the protein is digested into a peptide with a digestive enzyme such as trypsin, and a mass spectrum (peptide mass fingerprint) of the peptide mixture is obtained using a mass spectrometer.
- a mass spectrum peptide mass fingerprint
- a proteome analysis developed by a group of Professor Toshiaki Isobe and others at Tokyo Metropolitan University can be used for the purpose of identifying receptors for migration factors of Muse cells. More specifically, proteins (mixtures) are extracted from two cell groups to be compared (a Muse cell group and a non-Muse cell group), and these mixtures are separated by electrophoresis based on a difference in molecular weight. Separated proteins are identified as each band on the gel. Next, the mass of each of the bands cut out from the gel is measured by LC-MS analysis.
- proteins can be automatically searched and selected from the database, and different proteins can be identified between the two cell groups (for example, Mango Taoka et al., “Definitive Edition! Proteome Analysis Manual”) (Refer to Toshiaki Isobe and Nobuhiro Takahashi) pp. 92-100, Yodosha, 2004).
- the said database is not limited, "SwissProt” which is a protein database already published can be used.
- the present inventors have identified proteins specifically expressed in Muse cells as compared to non-Muse cells by using the above proteomic analysis (data not shown).
- sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (sometimes simply referred to as “S1PR2”) is specifically expressed in Muse cells. However, it was found that the protein was not expressed in non-Muse cells (Example 2).
- a method for measuring cell migration is not limited, but in an in vitro experimental system, a Boyden chamber method, a cell dynamic analysis technique, or the like can be used.
- the Boyden chamber method is an effective method for quantifying cell chemotaxis, with an insert as a separate compartment within the Boyden chamber, the bottom surface of this insert being a uniform size (eg, about 8 ⁇ m) A filter having a large number of fine holes is attached.
- the cells pass through the filter along the concentration gradient of the migration factor generated in the micropores of the filter. 2 (see, for example, Boyden, S., J. Exp. Med., Vol. 115, p. 453-466 (1962)).
- the degree of chemotaxis can be quantitatively measured by counting the number of cells that have passed through the filter.
- the candidate substance of the migration factor is added to the lower side of the insert, the Muse cell is added to the upper side, and then the number of migration of the Muse cell is counted to determine whether the added candidate substance can act as a migration factor. Can be evaluated.
- the cell kinetic analysis technique is a cell migration ability analysis method developed by ECI (see Nita, et al., Journalnof Immunological method; 320, 155-163 (2007)).
- ECI a cell migration ability analysis method developed by ECI (see Nita, et al., Journalnof Immunological method; 320, 155-163 (2007)).
- a concentration gradient of a certain chemotaxis factor is formed on a glass substrate, and the horizontal migration of cells depending on the gradient can be measured. It is a system that can.
- the directionality for example, how much the Muse cell has advanced with respect to the high concentration side of the migration factor
- S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate
- the migration of Muse cells is remarkable in any experimental system using the Boyden chamber method and the cell dynamic analysis technique. (Example 2).
- a migration factor can be identified using a system using a mouse as an experimental model. More specifically, a gel (eg, hydrogel) impregnated with a migration factor is transplanted into the tissue of an immunodeficient mouse that does not reject human cells, and then GFP-labeled human Muse cells are administered from the tail vein.
- the migration factor can be identified by observing histochemically whether or not the Muse cells can accumulate in the gel containing the transplanted migration factor. As shown in Example 2 described later, it was found that GFP positive Muse cells were accumulated depending on the S1P concentration.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a migration factor that enhances the migration activity of Muse cells and induces Muse cells to the damaged site.
- the “migration factor” used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is, for example, a signal transduction involved in cell migration through binding to a receptor expressed on the cell surface of Muse cells. As a result of the activation of the system, it means a substance that causes cells to migrate by being directed to the migration factor.
- the term “damaged site” refers to trauma, inflammation, disease, ischemia, necrosis, tumor formation, aging, etc. in various organs, organs and tissues in the living body.
- the migration factor in order to accumulate Muse cells at the site of injury, may be used as a pharmaceutical composition containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or diluent, or the migration factor may be It may be used alone.
- the migration factor contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance (for example, protein, peptide, lipid, compound, etc.) having the ability to induce Muse cells to the damaged site.
- the migratory factor is an agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingosine-1-phosphate derivative, and a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor.
- S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate
- S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate
- S1P is also known as a physiologically active substance that causes cell migration by binding to a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the cell membrane after being cut out from the cell membrane by a certain enzyme and released.
- S1P receptors which are G protein-coupled receptors, are known, and five types of S1PR1 to S1PR5 have been known so far.
- S1PR1 is expressed in both cells, but S1PR2 is expressed in Muse cells. (Data not shown).
- the migration factor used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited to S1P as long as it is a substance that enhances the migration of Muse cells, and S1P derivatives thereof can also be used.
- the S1P derivative is not particularly limited, but sphingosylcholine, galactosylsphingosine (psychosin), glucosylsphingosine (glucosicosin), sulfogalactosylsphingosine (lysosulfatide), N, N-dimethylsphingosine 1-phosphate, N, N, Mention may be made of N-trimethylsphingosine 1-phosphate, ceramide 1-phosphate, dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate, phytosphingosine 1-phosphate, and dehydrophytosphingosine 1-phosphate, and salts thereof.
- the agonist with respect to S1PR2 can be used as a migration factor used for the pharmaceutical composition of this
- S1P is dephosphorylated in the living body by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase present in the endoplasmic reticulum and decomposed into trans-2-hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate. It is known that the reaction of adding phosphoric acid to trans-2-hexadecenal is in an equilibrium state. Therefore, in order to increase the concentration of S1P, a substance that inhibits S1P lyase responsible for dephosphorylation can also be used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Examples of substances that inhibit such S1P lyase include the following structures:
- the administration route is not particularly limited, but can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of treatment.
- any of injections, oral preparations, suppositories, inhalants and the like may be used, but when the purpose is to accumulate Muse cells at the damaged site, the migratory factor or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is directly administered to the damaged site. More preferably.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is modified so as to be delivered to the damaged site, it is not limited to direct injection to the damaged site, and the pharmaceutical composition can also be administered intravenously.
- systemic administration such as intravenous administration can be performed for the purpose of initiating migration of Muse cells present in mesenchymal tissue in vivo.
- pharmaceutical composition suitable for these administration forms can be manufactured by utilizing a well-known formulation method.
- a pH regulator When preparing an injection, it is possible to add a pH regulator, a buffer, a stabilizer, an isotonic agent, a local anesthetic, etc. to the migratory factor and produce a local injection using a conventional method.
- the pH adjusting agent and buffer include sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate and the like.
- the stabilizer include sodium pyrosulfite, EDTA (sodium edetate), thioglycolic acid, and thiolactic acid.
- the local anesthetic include procaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride.
- the isotonic agent include sodium chloride and glucose.
- a sheet containing the pharmaceutical composition or migration factor of the present invention on a carrier such as a biodegradable hydrogel containing the components of the injection is used. It may be used. Biodegradable hydrogels that can be used include, but are not limited to, gels based on collagen, fibronectin, gelatin, agarose, and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition or migration factor of the present invention can be applied to the inner diameter of a stent for vasodilation when infarction or the like occurs.
- components that enhance the viability of the accumulated Muse cells for example, growth factors, cytokines may be mixed.
- the concentration of the migration factor included in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the degree of damage at the damaged site and the type of migration factor.
- the concentration of the migration factor effective for inducing Muse cells is not limited, and is, for example, 1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- the injection amount or dosage of the pharmaceutical composition, the dosage form, the number of times, and the period in consideration of the concentration of the above-mentioned migration factor or the degree of damage Etc. can be determined as appropriate.
- Example 1 Selection of migratory factor candidate substance by proteome analysis
- a proteome analysis method developed by a group of Prof. Isobe of Tokyo Metropolitan University Used (Taoka et al. (2004), see above). This method is a method for identifying a large amount of proteins contained in an original sample by analyzing a complex peptide mixture generated by protease digestion of a protein mixture, and is also referred to as a “shot gun method”.
- An automated system for carrying out this method includes a complex LC system in which an ion exchange LC, a reverse phase LC for separation, and a desalting system are connected, a hybrid mass spectrometer, and a data analysis system.
- the combined LC system is particularly characterized by combining two types of LC (ion exchange system and reverse phase system) with different separation modes, and the overall resolution of the system is the product of the separation capabilities of each separation method. As a result, a very large number of proteins or peptides can be separated.
- a protein or peptide can be identified by database search of subsequent sequence information by separating a biological sample with high resolution depending on mass and further using MS that provides mass information.
- an MS / MS spectrum of 10,000 to 15,000 translations can be obtained in one analysis. From 2,000 to 3,000 peptides derived from 000 proteins can be identified. In this example, by using the automated system of Sobe et al., A protein specifically expressed in Muse cells was identified as compared with non-Muse cells.
- Example 2 Identification of migration factor (1) Preparation of human Muse cells
- Human Muse cells were prepared according to the method described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 007900. More specifically, mesenchymal cells having adhesiveness were cultured from human bone marrow fluid, and after proliferating, lentivirus-GFP was introduced into the cells.
- GFP-labeled Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells were separated by FACS as double positive cells of GFP and SSEA-3.
- Non-Muse cells are a group of SSEA-3 negative GFP positive cells among the above mesenchymal cells, and were used as controls.
- S1PR2 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2
- the Boyden chamber method was used to quantitatively measure the migration of Muse cells by migration factors.
- the Boyden chamber used was a QCM Chemotaxis Cell Migration Assay Kit (QCM 24 Well Colorimetric Cell Migration Assay) commercially available from Millipore.
- the Boyden chamber includes an insert having a filter having uniform fine pores of 8 ⁇ m at the bottom inside the chamber. A culture solution containing Muse cells or non-Muse cells is added to the upper part of the filter of the insert, a culture solution containing a migration factor is added to the lower part of the insert, and after 18 hours of incubation, the number of cells that have passed through the micropores of the filter is counted. (See FIG. 2). If this method is used, the migration factor for Muse cells can be identified by testing each of the migration factor candidates obtained in Example 1.
- Muse cells or non-Muse cells are seeded on the filter at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well, and S1P is contained at a predetermined concentration (0, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 nM) at the bottom of the insert. Culture medium was added. After incubating the cells for 18 hours, the cells that passed through the micropores of the filter were counted. The results are shown in FIG. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates different concentrations of S1P, and the vertical axis indicates the relative value of the number of cells with respect to each concentration when the number of Muse cells migrated by S1P (0 nM) is 1. As is clear from FIG.
- the cell kinetic analysis technique is a method of analyzing cell migration ability developed by ECI (see Nita, et al., Journal of Immunological method; 320, 155-163 (2007)).
- a concentration gradient of a certain chemotaxis factor is formed using a silicon wafer chip created by utilizing the latest microfabrication technology, and the horizontal direction of the cell depending on the gradient.
- a system capable of measuring the migration activity is used (FIG. 4). By analyzing the resulting images from this system, the directionality (eg, how much the Muse cells have advanced relative to the high migration factor concentration side) can be quantified (FIG. 5).
- Muse cells were added at an arbitrary cell density to one of the approximately 1 mm ⁇ holes provided in the chamber above the chip, and S1P (2 ⁇ M) was added as a migration factor from the other slit. After the addition of cells and S1P, time-lapse photography was started and observed for about 14 hours. Cell migration was evaluated by measuring the distance that each cell moved in the length direction of a terrace having a structure having a width of 1200 ⁇ m, a terrace length of 250 ⁇ m, and a depth of 8 ⁇ m provided on a silicon wafer chip. A control system to which S1P was not added was used as a control. The left side of FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of real-time observation of the migration of Muse cells (A to N) when S1P was added at 2 ⁇ M.
- the right side of FIG. 6 shows the result of observing the movement of Muse cells when S1P was not added.
- Muse cells (A to N) linearly pass through the terrace according to the concentration gradient of S1P.
- some of the cells could not pass through the terrace, but it is considered that these cells are mainly inhibited from migration by columns provided on the terrace (right side of FIG. 6).
- the Muse cells (a to j) only spread randomly (left side of FIG. 6). From the above results, it was strongly suggested that S1P is a migration factor specific to Muse cells, as in the case of evaluation using the Boyden chamber method.
- Example 1 Thereafter, the GFP-labeled human Muse cells prepared in Example 1 were injected from the tail vein of the mouse. Two days later, tissue around the hydrogel was removed from the transplanted site, GFP labeling was detected using a GFP antibody, and GFP-positive Muse cells were counted with a laser microscope.
- the extracted hydrogel was stained by a generally used histochemical method using an anti-GFP antibody against GFP (Alexa568, purchased from Invitrogen).
- a staining diagram is shown as FIG. The part indicated by the arrow indicates a GFP positive Muse cell. Comparing the case where the S1P concentration is 500 nM (FIG. 8 left) and the case where it is 1,000 nM (FIG. 8 right), it can be seen that the number of Muse cells increases depending on the S1P concentration.
- the upper right image is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a central square.
- the result of counting the number of cells based on each obtained image is shown in FIG. This result also showed that Muse cells were accumulated depending on the concentration of S1P.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can accumulate Muse cells at a damaged site, and can provide a new medical use aiming at efficient tissue regeneration in regenerative medicine using Muse cells.
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Abstract
Description
[1]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物を有効成分として含む、多能性幹細胞の遊走を活性化するための医薬組成物。
[2]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物が、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストである、上記[1]に記載の医薬組成物。
[3]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストが、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸又はその誘導体である、上記[2]に記載の医薬組成物。
[4]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストが、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)ピリジン-2(1H)-オン、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)ピロリジン-2,5-ジオン、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-3-メチルイミダゾリジン-2,4,5-トリオン、1-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-((1-メチル-1H-テトラゾール-5-イル)チオ)エタノン、及び(S)-1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-2’,3’-ジヒドロスピロ[イミダゾリジン-4,1’-インデン]-2,5-ジオンからなる群から選択される、上記[2]に記載の医薬組成物。
[5]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物が、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸リアーゼ阻害剤である、上記[1]に記載の医薬組成物。
[6]スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸リアーゼ阻害剤が、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキシブチル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)エタノンオキシム、(1R,2S,3R)-1-(2-(イソキサゾール-3-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル)ブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラオール、及び1-(5-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキシブチル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)エタノンからなる群から選択される、上記[5]に記載の医薬組成物。
[7]遊走の活性化が生体の損傷部位への誘導である、上記[1]~[6]に記載の医薬組成物。
[8]前記多能性幹細胞が、SSEA3陽性である、上記[1]~[7]に記載の医薬組成物。
[9]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD105陽性である、上記[1]~[8]に記載の医薬組成物。
[10]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性及びCD146陰性である、上記[1]~[9]に記載の医薬組成物。
[11]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、NG2陰性、CD34陰性、vWF陰性、及びCD271陰性である、上記[1]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
[12]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD34陰性、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、CD271陰性、NG2陰性、vWF陰性、Sox10陰性、Snai1陰性、Slug陰性、Tyrp1陰性、及びDct陰性である、上記[1]~[11]に記載の医薬組成物。
[13]前記多能性幹細胞が、以下の性質の全てを有する多能性幹細胞である、上記[1]~[12]に記載の医薬組成物:
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ。
本発明の遊走因子によって損傷部位に誘導される多能性幹細胞は、本発明者らの一人である出澤が、ヒト生体内にその存在を見出し、「Muse(Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring)細胞」と命名した細胞である。Muse細胞は、骨髄液や真皮結合組織等の皮膚組織から得ることができ、各臓器の結合組織にも散在する。また、この細胞は、多能性幹細胞と間葉系幹細胞の両方の性質を有する細胞であり、例えば、それぞれの細胞表面マーカーである「SSEA-3(Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3)」と「CD105」のダブル陽性として同定される。したがって、Muse細胞又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団は、例えば、これらの抗原マーカーを指標として生体組織から分離することができる。Muse細胞の分離法、同定法、及び特徴などの詳細は、国際公開第WO2011/007900号に開示されている。また、Wakaoら(2011、上述)によって報告されているように、骨髄、皮膚などから間葉系細胞を培養し、それをMuse細胞の母集団として用いる場合、SSEA-3陽性細胞の全てがCD105陽性細胞であることが分かっている。したがって、本発明における医薬組成物においては、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系幹細胞からMuse細胞を分離する場合は、単にSSEA-3を抗原マーカーとしてMuse細胞を精製し、使用することができる。なお、本明細書においては、SSEA-3を抗原マーカーとして、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系組織から分離された多能性幹細胞(Muse細胞)又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団を単に「SSEA-3陽性細胞」と記載することがある。また、本明細書においては、「非Muse細胞」とは、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系組織に含まれる細胞であって、「SSEA-3陽性細胞」以外の細胞を指す。
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの性質を有してもよい。本発明の一局面では、本発明において対象とされるMuse細胞は、上記性質を全て有する。ここで、上記(i)について、「テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い」とは、例えば、TRAPEZE XL telomerase detection kit(Millipore社)を用いてテロメラーゼ活性を検出した場合に、低いか又は検出できないことをいう。テロメラーゼ活性が「低い」とは、例えば、体細胞であるヒト線維芽細胞と同程度のテロメラーゼ活性を有しているか、又はHela細胞に比べて1/5以下、好ましくは1/10以下のテロメラーゼ活性を有していることをいう。上記(ii)について、Muse細胞は、in vitro及びin vivoにおいて、三胚葉(内胚葉系、中胚葉系、及び外胚葉系)に分化する能力を有し、例えば、in vitroで誘導培養することにより、肝細胞、神経細胞、骨格筋細胞、平滑筋細胞、骨細胞、脂肪細胞等に分化し得る。また、in vivoで精巣に移植した場合にも三胚葉に分化する能力を示す場合がある。さらに、静注により生体に移植することで損傷を受けた臓器(心臓、皮膚、脊髄、肝、筋肉等)に遊走及び生着し、分化する能力を有する。上記(iii)について、Muse細胞は、浮遊培養では増殖速度約1.3日で増殖するが、10日間程度で増殖が止まるという性質を有し、さらに精巣に移植した場合、少なくとも半年間は癌化しないという性質を有する。また、上記(iv)について、Muse細胞は、セルフリニューアル(自己複製)能を有する。ここで、「セルフリニューアル」とは、1個のMuse細胞を浮遊培養することにより得られる胚様体様細胞塊に含まれる細胞を培養し、再度胚様体様細胞塊を形成させることをいう。セルフリニューアルは1回又は複数回のサイクルを繰り返せばよい。
これまで、Muse細胞は成体に投与されると損傷部位にホーミングし、一方、非Muse細胞は損傷部位にホーミングしないことが知られているが、Muse細胞を損傷部位に誘導する遊走因子は知られていない。そこで、損傷部位にMuse細胞を誘導する遊走因子が存在すると仮定した場合、最初に、Muse細胞に特異的に発現しているが、非Muse細胞には発現していないタンパク質(特に、受容体)を特定することにより、それに対するリガンドなどが遊走因子である可能性が高いと考えられる。
上記で同定されたMuse細胞に特異的に発現しているタンパク質のうち、例えば、遊走因子の受容体となり得るものを選択し、これらの受容体に対するリガンドが遊走因子となり得るかどうかを検討することによって、Muse細胞の遊走因子を特定することができる。一般に、細胞の遊走を測定する方法としては、限定されないが、in vitroの実験系ではボイデンチャンバー法、細胞動態解析技術等を用いることができる。簡単には、ボイデンチャンバー法は、細胞走化性を定量する有効な方法であり、ボイデンチャンバー内に別のコンパートメントとしてインサートがあり、このインサートの底面は均一なサイズ(例えば、約8μm)の微細孔を多数有するフィルターが装着されている。そのフィルター上に細胞を含む細胞培養液を添加し、インサートの下部に遊走因子を含む培養液を添加することによって、フィルターの微細孔に生じる遊走因子の濃度勾配に沿って細胞がフィルターを潜り抜けて下方に移動することを利用したものである(図2)(例えば、Boyden,S.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.115,p.453-466(1962)を参照されたい)。このように、フィルターを通過した細胞数をカウントすることによって走化性の程度を定量的に測定することができる。本発明では、遊走因子の候補物質をインサートの下側に添加し、上側にMuse細胞を添加後、Muse細胞の移動数をカウントすることによって、添加した候補物質が遊走因子として作用し得るかを評価することができる。
本発明は、Muse細胞の遊走能活性を亢進し、Muse細胞を損傷部位に誘導する遊走因子を有効成分として含む医薬組成物を提供する。本発明の医薬組成物に使用される「遊走因子」とは、例えば、Muse細胞の細胞表面上に発現している受容体に結合し、その結合を介して、細胞の遊走に関与するシグナル伝達系が活性した結果、細胞を遊走因子に指向されて遊走させる物質を意味する。また、本発明において使用するとき、用語「損傷部位」とは、生体内における各種の臓器、器官、及び組織において、外傷、炎症、疾患、虚血、壊死、腫瘍形成、又は加齢等を原因とした各種細胞及び組織との変性又は脱落によって失われた特定の部位を意味する。本発明によれば、Muse細胞を損傷部位に集積させるためには、遊走因子を医薬として許容される担体、及び/又は希釈剤を配合した医薬組成物として使用してもよく、又は遊走因子を単独で用いてもよい。ここで、本発明の医薬組成物に含有する遊走因子としては、Muse細胞を損傷部位に誘導する能力を有する物質(例えば、タンパク質、ペプチド、脂質、化合物等)であれば特に限定されない。より好ましくは、遊走因子は、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸(S1P)、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸誘導体、並びにスフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体のアゴニストである。ここで、「スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸(S1P)」とは、下記式:
Muse細胞を損傷部位に誘導する遊走因子の候補物質を選出するために、首都大学東京の磯辺教授らのグループによって開発されたプロテオーム解析法を用いた(田岡ら(2004)、上述参照)。この方法は、タンパク質混合物のプロテアーゼ消化で生じる複雑なペプチド混合物を分析することにより、もとの試料に含まれるタンパク質を多量に同定する方法であり、「ショットガン法」とも呼ばれる。この方法を実施するための自動化システムは、イオン交換LC、分離用の逆相LC、及び脱塩システムを連結した複合型LCシステムと、ハイブリッド型質量分析計、データ解析システムから構成されている。複合型LCシステムでは、特に、分離様式の異なる2種類のLC(イオン交換系及び逆相系)を組み合わせることを特徴とし、システム全体の分離能は、それぞれの分離法がもつ分離能の積として得られるため、非常に多数のタンパク質又はペプチドを分離することができる。次に、生体試料を質量に依存して高解像度で分離し、さらに質量情報を与えるMSを利用することにより、続く配列情報のデータベース検索によりタンパク質又はペプチドを同定することができる。例えば、細胞又は組織の粗抽出液をトリプシン消化して得られた非常に複雑なペプチド混合物から、1回の分析で訳10,000~15,000のMS/MSスペクトルを取得し、ほぼ1,000種類のタンパク質に由来する2,000~3,000種類のペプチドを同定することができる。本実施例においては、上記の磯辺らの自動化システムを用いることにより、非Muse細胞と比較して、Muse細胞に特異的に発現しているタンパク質を特定した。
(1)ヒトMuse細胞の調製
ヒトMuse細胞の調製は、国際公開第WO2011/007900号パンフレットに記載された方法に従って行った。より具体的には、ヒト骨髄液から接着性を有する間葉系細胞を培養し、増殖を経て、レンチウイルス-GFPを細胞に導入した。GFPで標識されたMuse細胞又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団をGFPとSSEA-3の二重の陽性細胞としてFACSにて分離した。また、非Muse細胞は、上記間葉系細胞のうち、SSEA-3陰性であるGFP陽性の細胞群であり、対照として用いた。その後、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水又は培養液を用いて、所定濃度に調整し、以下のボイデンチャンバー法及び細胞動態解析技術に使用した。なお、骨髄間葉系細胞などの間葉系細胞を培養して得たものをMuse細胞の母集団として用いる場合、Wakaoら(2011、上述)によって報告されているように、SSEA-3陽性細胞は全て、CD105陽性細胞であることが分かっている。
遊走因子によるMuse細胞の遊走を定量的に測定するためにボイデンチャンバー法を用いた。使用したボイデンチャンバーは、Milliporeから市販されているQCM Chemotaxis Cell Migration Assay Kit(QCM 24 Well Colorimetric Cell Migration Assay)を使用した。このボイデンチャンバーは、チャンバー内部に、8μmの均一な微細孔を有するフィルターを底部に有するインサートを含む。インサートのフィルター上部にMuse細胞又は非Muse細胞を含む培養液を添加し、インサートの下部に遊走因子を含む培養液を添加し、18時間培養後、フィルターの微細孔を通過した細胞数をカウントする(図2参照)。この方法を用いれば、実施例1で得られた、遊走因子の候補をそれぞれ試験することにより、Muse細胞に対する遊走因子を特定することができる。
細胞動態解析技術は、ECI社が開発した細胞遊走能解析法である(Nitta, et al., Journal of Immunological method;320,155-163(2007)を参照されたい)。この解析法に使用される装置では、最新の微細加工技術を駆使して作成したシリコンウエハーチップを用いて、一定の走化性因子の濃度勾配を形成させ、その勾配依存的な細胞の水平方向への遊走活性測定が可能なシステムを用いる(図4)。このシステムから結果として得られる画像を解析することによって、方向性(例えば、Muse細胞が遊走因子高濃度側に対してどれだけ方向的に進んだか)を定量化することができる(図5)。
マウスを実験モデルとして、生体内において遊走因子によってMuse細胞が集積されるかどうかを以下のように行った(図7参照)。使用したマウスは、ヒト細胞を拒絶しない免疫不全であるSCIDマウス(雄性7週齢)を日本SLC株式会社又は日本チャールス・リバー株式会社から購入した。遊走因子としてS1Pを用いた。予めS1P溶液(500nM又は1,000nM)を染み込ませた、大きさ0.5cm×0.5cmの生分解性ハイドロゲル(MedGel(登録商標)製)をマウスの背中の任意部位に移植した。その後、実施例1で調製したGFP標識されたヒトMuse細胞をマウスの尾静脈から注入した。2日後、移植した部位からハイドロゲル周辺の組織を取り出し、GFPの抗体を用いてGFP標識を検出し、GFP陽性のMuse細胞をレーザー顕微鏡にてカウントした。
Claims (13)
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物を有効成分として含む、多能性幹細胞の遊走を活性化するための医薬組成物。
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物が、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストである、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストが、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸又はその誘導体である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2のアゴニストが、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)ピリジン-2(1H)-オン、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)ピロリジン-2,5-ジオン、1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-3-メチルイミダゾリジン-2,4,5-トリオン、1-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-((1-メチル-1H-テトラゾール-5-イル)チオ)エタノン、及び(S)-1-(2-(1-ベンジル-2,5-ジメチル-1H-ピロール-3-イル)-2-オキソエチル)-2’,3’-ジヒドロスピロ[イミダゾリジン-4,1’-インデン]-2,5-ジオンからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体2を活性化する化合物が、スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸リアーゼ阻害剤である請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸リアーゼ阻害剤が、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキシブチル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)エタノンオキシム、(1R,2S,3R)-1-(2-(イソキサゾール-3-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル)ブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラオール、及び1-(5-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキシブチル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)エタノンからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 遊走の活性化が生体の損傷部位への誘導である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、SSEA3陽性である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD105陽性である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性及びCD146陰性である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、NG2陰性、CD34陰性、vWF陰性、及びCD271陰性である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD34陰性、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、CD271陰性、NG2陰性、vWF陰性、Sox10陰性、Snai1陰性、Slug陰性、Tyrp1陰性、及びDct陰性である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、以下の性質の全てを有する多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物:
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ。
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CN105188754B (zh) | 2019-11-26 |
SG10201710901RA (en) | 2018-02-27 |
EP2962698B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
AU2014221659B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
AU2014221659A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US20160354393A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
CN105188754A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
JP2018111734A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
KR20150125673A (ko) | 2015-11-09 |
EP2962698A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
SG11201506845XA (en) | 2015-09-29 |
CA2903415A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
KR102180319B1 (ko) | 2020-11-18 |
JP6511606B2 (ja) | 2019-05-15 |
US20170304326A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
JPWO2014133170A1 (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
US9446033B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
EP2962698A4 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
US20160008340A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
ES2877555T3 (es) | 2021-11-17 |
CA2903415C (en) | 2021-04-20 |
US10034889B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
US10369162B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
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