WO2014131398A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur thermischen reststoffverwertung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur thermischen reststoffverwertung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014131398A1 WO2014131398A1 PCT/DE2014/100056 DE2014100056W WO2014131398A1 WO 2014131398 A1 WO2014131398 A1 WO 2014131398A1 DE 2014100056 W DE2014100056 W DE 2014100056W WO 2014131398 A1 WO2014131398 A1 WO 2014131398A1
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- temperature
- gas discharge
- reactor
- reactor chamber
- heating
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/006—Baffles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
- B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2219/00135—Electric resistance heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
- B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
- B01J2219/002—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system inside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
- B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
- B01J2219/00202—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system at the reactor outlet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
- B01J2219/00213—Fixed parameter value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
- B01J2219/0022—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value calculating difference
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the thermal treatment of starting materials, for. B. of residual or waste materials (such as car tires, vegetable waste and industrial waste), for the purpose of residual material utilization.
- starting materials for. B. of residual or waste materials (such as car tires, vegetable waste and industrial waste), for the purpose of residual material utilization.
- Residual or waste materials can be utilized by means of thermal decomposition in a rotary kiln.
- DE 28 25 429 A1 describes a process for the recovery of waste, eg. As industrial waste and household waste, by means of pyrolysis in a rotary kiln.
- the residence time of the waste in the rotary kiln is determined by the rotational speed and the inclination angle of the rotary kiln and can only be varied within predetermined limits, so that in particular the waste materials can not remain indefinitely in the rotary kiln.
- the rotary kiln must therefore be adjusted in terms of heating characteristics, rotational speed and inclination of each waste to be recycled and is therefore not suitable for the complete recovery or decomposition of any waste materials equally.
- the invention provides a method and a device for the thermal treatment of starting materials or residues for the purpose of recycling waste material, by means of which in a simple manner a complete thermal utilization or decomposition of any starting materials and the production of recovery products with a high degree of purity is possible.
- an apparatus for the thermal treatment or evaluation of raw materials wherein the starting materials z. B. Resting. Waste (such as car tires, vegetable waste, or industrial waste, such as lead-acid batteries).
- the apparatus (hereinafter also referred to as "utilization apparatus") has a reactor chamber for receiving the starting materials to be utilized therein
- the utilization apparatus also has a heating device for heating the reactor chamber, the starting materials accommodated in the reactor chamber being heated during the production of gaseous products
- the heating device is preferably designed and designed such that the reactor chamber can be moved therefrom to a position where the reactor chamber is preferably stationary or stationary during heating Temperature of up to 900 ° C can be brought.
- the starting materials are at least partially gasified (ie converted into gaseous products by means of heat supply), the type of processes occurring in this process being, for example,. B. can depend on the particular temperature regime and / or the atmosphere present in the reactor chamber.
- the starting materials may, for. B. decomposed during heating by thermolysis and / or pyrolysis and converted into gaseous products. It can, for. B. be provided to decompose the starting materials under exclusion of air or without additional oxygen supplied by pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis gases as gaseous products.
- the utilization device has a gas discharge line for discharging the gaseous products from the reactor chamber.
- the reactor chamber also referred to as "reaction chamber”
- the reactor chamber has, for example, a gas discharge opening on a ceiling section thereof, the gas discharge line opening into the reactor chamber at the gas discharge opening Condenser, which is provided for the liquefaction of the resulting gaseous products by heating by condensation.
- the utilization device has a temperature sensor (hereinafter also referred to as "gas discharge temperature sensor”) which is arranged and configured such that the temperature at a position of the gas discharge line outside the reactor chamber (and within the gas discharge line, for example)
- the gas discharge temperature sensor may, for example, be arranged at a position inside the gas discharge line or in contact with the gas discharge line.
- the utilization device has a temperature sensor (hereinafter also referred to as “reactor temperature sensor”), which is arranged and configured such that the temperature at a position within the reactor chamber can be detected by it as the reactor temperature
- the sensor may be located at a position inside the reactor chamber or in contact with the reactor chamber.
- the utilization device further comprises a control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected to the gas discharge temperature sensor and the reactor temperature sensor.
- the control device is set up in such a way that it outputs a signal based on a comparison of the gas discharge temperature with the reactor temperature. That is, the control device compares the gas discharge temperature with the reactor temperature and outputs a signal depending on the result of this comparison.
- control device may be designed in such a way that it compares the temperature profile (ie the time profile) of the gas discharge temperature with the temperature profile of the reactor temperature (for example by means of subtraction) and depending on the result of this comparison Signal is generated and output.
- control device z For example, it can be designed in such a way that it compares the instantaneous value of the gas discharge temperature with the instantaneous value of the reactor temperature (eg by means of subtraction) and generates and outputs a signal as a function of the result of this comparison.
- the signal can z. This may be, for example, an electronic message signal (eg in the form of a data signal), an optical message signal (eg in the form of a warning light) or an acoustic message signal (eg in the form of a warning tone).
- the signal may also be a control command signal.
- the control device is connected to the heating device and outputs a control command for regulating the heating power to the heating device in dependence on the result of the comparison carried out by means of a control command signal.
- the starting materials received in the reactor chamber undergo different decomposition stages.
- So z. B. be provided to increase gradually after filling the starting materials by means of a corresponding control of the heater, the temperature in the reactor chamber over a predetermined period of time, with different decomposition processes take place at different temperature stages to release different gaseous products. If the decomposition process taking place at a respective temperature stage is completed or has expired completely (ie the components of the starting materials on which the decomposition process is based), no more gaseous products are produced at the corresponding temperature, whereby the gas stream (ie the volumetric flow of the gaseous products) dries up or down from the reactor chamber into the gas discharge line.
- this gas stream is always accompanied by a heat flow which extends from the reactor chamber into the gas discharge line, the completion of the decomposition process or the corresponding decomposition stage proceeding at a respective temperature level of the reactor chamber leads to a decrease in the temperature in the gas discharge line.
- This relationship can be used to detect the complete completion of a running at a given temperature decomposition process and z. B. based on it by means of the signal output by the control device to increase the temperature in the reactor chamber or to end the thermal treatment (ie, turn off the heater).
- the utilization device may comprise a condenser for liquefying the gaseous products by means of condensation, wherein the gas discharge line extends from the reactor chamber to the condenser and opens at a gas supply opening in the same.
- the gas discharge temperature sensor for detecting the temperature present at the gas supply port is formed as a gas discharge temperature (eg, disposed at or in the gas supply port). A substantial influence on the local temperature by the gas flow coming from the reactor chamber is given only along the flow section extending between the reactor chamber and the condenser, since the liquefied gas after passing through the condenser essentially has the temperature impressed by it.
- control device is designed such that it detects the time rate of change of the gas discharge temperature as (signed) gas removal temperature change rate and the rate of change of the reactor temperature as (signed) reactor temperature change rate and a signal is output, if the difference between the signed reactor temperature change rate and the signed gas discharge temperature change rate is above a predetermined threshold.
- the completion of a decomposition process proceeding at a predetermined temperature stage is accompanied by a decrease in the gas removal temperature, the next decomposition stage taking place only at a higher reactor temperature.
- it may, for. B. are considered as complete completion of a decomposition stage, if there is a decreasing gas discharge temperature at constant or increasing reactor temperature.
- the reactor temperature change rate is greater than or equal to zero (ie, positive or equal to zero), whereas the gas discharge temperature change rate is less than zero (ie, negative).
- the control device can be configured such that it outputs a signal when there is a decreasing gas discharge temperature with increasing or constant reactor temperature.
- the control device is designed in such a way that it is assigned a predetermined gas discharge setpoint temperature value for each reactor temperature value and that a signal is output from it if the difference between the gas discharge setpoint temperature value and the currently present reactor temperature value is assigned, and the current actual gas discharge temperature value is above a predetermined threshold value.
- the controller may assign a desired temperature difference value to each reactor temperature value and output a signal if the difference between the reactor temperature and the instantaneous value of the gas discharge temperature is above the desired temperature difference value.
- an indirect comparison of the gas discharge temperature with the reactor temperature is thus carried out by the control device.
- the completion of a decomposition process occurring at a respective temperature stage is accompanied by a decrease in the gas discharge temperature.
- the gas discharge temperature is thus higher than after completion of the decomposition process.
- the gas discharge target temperature value z. B. correspond to a gas discharge temperature, which is present at or before completion of a running at the respective reactor temperature decomposition process.
- it may, for. B. be considered as complete completion of a decomposition stage, if the difference between the current gas discharge target temperature value and the current gas discharge temperature value is above the predetermined threshold value.
- the reactor chamber has a perforated intermediate bottom, which is arranged at a distance from the bottom of the reactor chamber within the same.
- the reactor chamber also has one or more gas bypass channels, wherein each of the gas bypass channels extends from a position between the bottom and the intermediate bottom in the direction of the ceiling of the reactor chamber.
- the gas or the vapor which now forms as a result of the evaporation of the liquid can pass through the gas bypass channels in the direction of the ceiling of the Leave the reactor chamber and thus towards the Gasabriosö réelle the reactor chamber; in particular, the gas does not have to flow through the starting materials stored on the intermediate bottom, so that an energy-efficient evaporation of the liquid is made possible.
- a gas bypass channel opens z. B.
- the heating device may be in the form of a heating chamber for receiving or housing the reactor chamber; wherein the gas discharge temperature sensor is preferably arranged and configured in such a case that it can be detected by him as the gas removal temperature at a position of the Gasabriostechnisch outside the heating chamber temperature.
- the walls of the reactor chamber and the heating chamber can, for. B. made of steel or other heat-resistant metal.
- the heating chamber can, for. B. have on each of its side walls a heating element, these heating elements z. B. can be controlled separately from each other (eg., By means of the control device).
- the heater may be divided into a plurality of heating segments in the direction from the bottom of the reactor chamber to the top of the reactor chamber (each of the heating segments may comprise one or more heating elements), each of the heating segments a heating zone is defined.
- the control device is electrically connected to each of the heating segments and is set up so that from her the individual heating segments are controlled such that in each of the heating zones is the same temperature.
- a temperature sensor hereinafter also referred to as "heating zone temperature sensor”
- the temperature sensing controller controlling each of the heating zone temperatures Sensors can be connected.
- spatially different temperatures may be present within the reactor chamber.
- varies For example, the contents of the reactor chamber in the direction from the bottom to the ceiling of the reactor chamber (for example, depending on the degree of filling of the reactor chamber), wherein z. B. at the bottom of the reactor chamber liquid on the intermediate bottom of the reactor chamber to be used solid starting materials, and above the used to be recycled solid starting materials, a gas atmosphere. Since all of these layers have different thermal properties, a spatially uniform heat input can lead to spatially varying temperatures (in the direction from the bottom to the top of the reactor chamber). lead inside the reactor chamber.
- the gas stream escaping from the reactor chamber is accompanied by a corresponding heat flow, which likewise runs in the direction from the bottom to the top of the reactor chamber and thus can cause temperature variations along this direction.
- the reaction conditions within the reactor chamber can be made uniform in terms of space, whereby in particular the generation of utilization products with a high degree of purity is additionally supported.
- the heater or the heating elements of the heater can, for. B. be electrically powered heating elements. It can, for. B. by means of appropriate control of the heater by the control device, the temperature inside the reactor chamber stepwise (eg., In 50 ° C increments) of ambient temperature to a predetermined maximum temperature (eg 550 ° C ) increase; wherein, as described above, at each temperature stage, by comparing the reactor temperature with the gas discharge temperature, the completion of a decomposition process possibly taking place at this temperature stage can be detected and then proceeded to the next higher temperature level, by the control device to increase a control command signal the temperature is output to the heater.
- a predetermined maximum temperature eg 550 ° C
- a shutoff signal for turning off the heater can be output thereto by the controller.
- a maximum temperature of about 550 ° C remains after sufficiently long tempering at this maximum temperature only carbon in the reactor chamber, so that by means of the described mode of operation highly pure carbon can be produced.
- the bottom of the reactor chamber has a recess which narrows in the direction of the ceiling of the reactor chamber, the heating device having a heating element positioned or positionable in the recess (hereinafter also referred to as "central heating element")
- the heating device having a heating element positioned or positionable in the recess (hereinafter also referred to as "central heating element")
- central heating element For example, extend from the bottom of the reactor chamber towards the ceiling of the reactor chamber to half the height of the reactor chamber and z. B. be centrally located so that from her the reactor chamber is divided into equal sections or sub-chambers.
- the reactor chamber can be heated laterally not only from the side walls, but additionally from a central position.
- the central heating element can, for. B. be assigned to one of the heating segments or be separately controllable (eg., By means of the control device).
- the utilization device may be designed in particular transportable, z. B. be provided and designed for their dimensioning for transport on a truck.
- a method of thermally treating raw materials (hereinafter also referred to as "recovery method”).
- the recovery method corresponds to the operation described above with respect to the recovery device, in particular the detection of the above described with reference to the control device Stage or progress of a decomposition process based on the comparison of the Gasabcht- temperature and the reactor temperature, so that in the following just a brief reference to the corresponding embodiments and otherwise reference is hereby made to the corresponding explanations regarding the recovery device and the control device Recycling process, the starting materials are heated in a reactor chamber, the starting materials being decomposed to produce gaseous products, the gaseous products being prevented by a gas discharge line ch discharged from the reactor chamber.
- the temperature at a position inside the reactor chamber is detected as the reactor temperature, and the temperature at a position of the gas discharge pipe outside the reactor chamber is detected as a gas discharge temperature.
- the gas discharge temperature is compared with the reactor temperature and depending on the result of this comparison - as explained above - issued a signal.
- the rate of change of the gas discharge temperature is detected as the gas discharge temperature change rate and the rate of change of the reactor temperature as the reactor temperature change rate, and a signal is output if the difference between the signed reactor temperature change rate and the sign is affected Gas removal temperature change rate is above a predetermined Ratendifferenz- threshold.
- each reactor temperature value is assigned a predetermined gas discharge setpoint temperature value, a signal being output when the difference between the gas discharge setpoint temperature value associated with the current reactor temperature value and the current gas discharge Temperature value is above a predetermined temperature difference threshold.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a utilization device according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a temperature profile diagram for illustrating a utilization method according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a utilization device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention when carrying out a recovery method according to an embodiment.
- the utilization device 1 has a reactor chamber 3, are received in the starting materials 5 in the form of waste or residues 5.
- the utilization device 1 has a heating chamber 7, wherein the reactor chamber is disposed in the heating chamber 7 during operation of the utilization device 1 and is heated by means of the same.
- the utilization device 1 has a gas discharge line 9 for discharging gaseous products 11 (illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrow 11 pointing in the flow direction of the gaseous products) out of the reactor chamber 3.
- the gas discharge line 9 connects the reactor chamber 3 with a condenser 13 of the utilization device 1.
- the condenser 13 is designed for liquefying the gaseous products 11 flowing into it from the reactor chamber 3 (eg by means of a cooling water circuit 15 outlined in FIG.
- the gaseous products 1 1 flow at a gas discharge opening 17 from the reactor chamber 3 into the gas discharge line 9 and at a gas supply opening 19 from the gas discharge line 9 into the liquefier 13.
- the liquefied gaseous products escape at a drain opening 21 from the condenser 13.
- the utilization device 1 has a temperature sensor or gas discharge temperature sensor 23 for detecting the temperature present at a position within the gas discharge line 9 and outside both the reactor chamber 3 and the heating chamber 7 as the gas discharge temperature TG.
- the gas discharge temperature sensor 23 is arranged at the gas supply opening 19 within the gas discharge line 9.
- the utilization device 1 has a temperature sensor or reactor temperature sensor 25 for detecting the temperature present at a position within the reactor chamber 3 as the reactor temperature TR.
- the reactor temperature sensor 25 is arranged on the gas discharge opening 17 within the reactor chamber 3.
- the utilization device 1 has a control device 27, which is connected to the gas removal temperature sensor 23 and the reactor temperature sensor 25.
- the heating chamber 7 acts as a heating device with a plurality of heating elements, wherein the heating device in the vertical direction in the direction of the bottom 29 to the ceiling 31 of the reactor chamber 3 more (here: three) heating segments 33, 35, 37 has.
- the uppermost heating segment or ceiling heating segment 33 and the middle heating segment or middle heating segment 35 each consist of heating elements arranged circumferentially on the side walls of the heating chamber 7.
- the lowermost heating segment or bottom heating segment 37 consists of side heating elements 39 which are arranged peripherally on the side walls of the heating chamber and a bottom heating element 41 arranged on the bottom of the heating chamber 7.
- a heating zone is defined (with each of the heating zones extending over one third of the height of the reactor chamber in the embodiment of Figure 1).
- the heating device of the heating chamber 7 has a central heating segment 43 consisting of a central heating element 43, the central heating element 43 being arranged in an indentation 45 which is formed in the bottom 29 of the reactor chamber 3. Ie. , the bottom 29 of the reactor chamber 3 has an indentation 45 which narrows in the direction of the ceiling 31 of the reactor chamber 3 and in which the central heating element 43 is positioned during the operation of the utilization device 1.
- the central heating element 43 is removably disposed in the heating chamber 7 and z. B. for insertion or removal of the reactor chamber 3 in and out of the heating chamber 7 are removed from the same.
- the utilization device 1 also has a plurality (according to FIG 1: six) temperature sensors or heating zone temperature sensors 47 for detecting the temperature in a respective heating zone.
- the control device 27 is connected to the heating device or to its heating zone segments 33, 35, 37, to the central heating segment 43 and to the heating zone temperature sensors 47 (not all electrical connections being shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity). and set up or designed in such a way that the temperature in the interior of the reactor chamber 3 can be set by it by controlling the heating segments 33, 35, 37, 43.
- the control device 27 is set up such that it controls the ceiling heating segment 33, the center heating segment 35 and the bottom heating segment 37 such that the same temperature is present in the three heating zones defined by these heating segments.
- the utilization device 1 is (by means of appropriate design of the heater and the control device) designed such that after loading the reactor chamber 3 with the residues 5, the temperature within the reactor chamber stepwise in temperature increments of 50 ° C and 50 K from room temperature to a Maxim old temperature of 550 ° C is increased.
- the residues 5 can z. B. be biological waste such as vegetable wood chips or meat processing waste or industrial waste such as lead-acid batteries.
- the starting materials z. B. with progressive increase in the reactor temperature at lower temperatures, first water and withdrawn at higher temperatures oil, leaving after a sufficiently long temperature treatment at 550 ° C (apart from some impurities) only carbon in the reactor chamber. If the decomposition processes taking place at a respective temperature stage are completely completed, gaseous products are no longer produced at this temperature within the reactor chamber, as a result of which the gas removal temperature TG decreases when the reactor temperature TR remains the same.
- FIG. 2 illustrates as an example the temperature profile of the gas removal temperature TG and the reactor temperature TR over the time t at the termination of a decomposition process proceeding at a constant reactor temperature.
- the gas removal temperature TG due to the removal of the gas
- Gas removal temperature sensor 23 of the reactor chamber 3 is lower than the reactor temperature TR.
- the control device 27 is designed in such a way that it compares the gas discharge temperature TG with the reactor temperature TR and, depending on the result of this comparison, outputs a signal in the form of a control command to the heating device.
- the control device 27 is configured to detect the rate of change of the gas discharge temperature as the gas discharge temperature change rate and the rate of change of the reactor temperature as the reactor temperature change rate, and to output the signal when the difference between the 1, the rate difference threshold is zero (however, it may also be contemplated, for example, that the rate difference threshold be greater than .alpha.) Zero or positive).
- both the reactor temperature change rate and the gas discharge temperature change rate, and thus also the difference between these two rates of change are zero.
- the reactor temperature change rate remains at zero, whereas the gas discharge temperature change rate remains negative.
- the difference between the reactor temperature change rate and the gas discharge temperature change rate is thus greater than zero and thus exceeds the predetermined rate difference threshold.
- This exceeding of the rate difference threshold value is evaluated by the control device 27 as the conclusion of the decomposition process, whereupon the control device 27 outputs a control command signal for increasing the reactor temperature TR to the next higher temperature level to the heating device or the heating chamber.
- the controller 27 is configured to output a control command signal when the difference between the reactor temperature change rate and the gas discharge temperature change rate exceeds the rate difference threshold.
- the control device 27 it can also be provided to design the control device 27 in such a way that the respective control command signal is output from it if a decreasing gas discharge temperature is detected when the reactor temperature TR increases or is constant.
- control device 27 may also be designed in such a way that it is assigned to each reactor temperature value a predetermined gas discharge target temperature value TGS and that the respective control command signal is output from it if the difference between the gas discharge Setpoint temperature value TGS, which is assigned to the current reactor temperature value TR, and the current gas discharge temperature value TG is above a predetermined threshold value.
- the reactor chamber 3 has a perforated or perforated intermediate bottom 49, which is arranged at a distance from the bottom 29 of the reactor chamber within the same, the intermediate bottom 49 according to FIG. 1 extending above the bottom 29.
- the reactor chamber 3 has a plurality of gas bypass channels 51, wherein each of the gas bypass channels 51 extends from a position between the bottom 29 and the intermediate bottom 49 in the direction of the ceiling 31 of the reactor chamber 3 (and thus also towards the formed in the ceiling 31 Gas discharge opening 17). It can be provided that each of the gas bypass channels 51 is arranged and designed such that its inlet opening between the bottom 29 and the intermediate bottom 49 is arranged and its outlet opening is arranged above the maximum filling level of the reactor chamber 3. List of reference numbers used
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2014223054A AU2014223054A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-13 | Device and method for thermal utilisation of residual material |
BR112015020554A BR112015020554A2 (pt) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-13 | Dispositivo e processo para o aproveitamento térmico de resíduos |
EP14709533.5A EP2961817A1 (de) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-13 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur thermischen reststoffverwertung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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DE102013101859.9 | 2013-02-26 | ||
DE102013101859 | 2013-02-26 | ||
DE102013103689.9A DE102013103689A1 (de) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-04-12 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Reststoffverwertung |
DE102013103689.9 | 2013-04-12 |
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WO2014131398A1 true WO2014131398A1 (de) | 2014-09-04 |
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PCT/DE2014/100056 WO2014131398A1 (de) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-13 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur thermischen reststoffverwertung |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2961817A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2014223054A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112015020554A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013103689A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014131398A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020169147A1 (de) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-27 | Franz Binzer | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung tierischer nebenprodukte und sterilisierungsvorrichtung |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102017103038A1 (de) | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | OJILL GmbH | Reaktorsystem für eine Anlage zur thermischen Reststoffverwertung |
CN108707467A (zh) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | 固废热裂解系统 |
DE102019104190A1 (de) | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-20 | TMM Petfood GmbH | Düngemittel sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Düngemittels |
CN113070019B (zh) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-22 | 焦作大学 | 一种基于物联网的化工反应速率实时调整方法 |
Citations (5)
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DE2825429A1 (de) | 1978-06-09 | 1979-12-13 | Babcock Krauss Maffei Ind | Verfahren zur pyrolyse von muell |
WO2009014682A2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-29 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for monitoring a polymerization reaction |
US20100022720A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2010-01-28 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization monitoring and method of selecting leading indicators |
EP2351810A1 (de) * | 2008-11-06 | 2011-08-03 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo "Karbonika-F" | Verfahren zur verarbeitung von kohle und vorrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens |
WO2012126096A1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-27 | Institut De Rechercheet De Développement En Agroenvironnement Inc. (Irda) | System and process for thermochemical treatment of matter containing organic compounds |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19807709C1 (de) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-08-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung der Zufuhr von Abfall in die Pyrolysekammer einer Anlage zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung sowie Anlage zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung |
DE10309530A1 (de) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-09-16 | Fittkau, Wilfried, Dipl.-Ing. | Industrieverfahren zum Pyrolysieren von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Produkten |
-
2013
- 2013-04-12 DE DE102013103689.9A patent/DE102013103689A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-02-13 BR BR112015020554A patent/BR112015020554A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-02-13 WO PCT/DE2014/100056 patent/WO2014131398A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-02-13 AU AU2014223054A patent/AU2014223054A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-13 EP EP14709533.5A patent/EP2961817A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2825429A1 (de) | 1978-06-09 | 1979-12-13 | Babcock Krauss Maffei Ind | Verfahren zur pyrolyse von muell |
US20100022720A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2010-01-28 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization monitoring and method of selecting leading indicators |
WO2009014682A2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-29 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for monitoring a polymerization reaction |
EP2351810A1 (de) * | 2008-11-06 | 2011-08-03 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo "Karbonika-F" | Verfahren zur verarbeitung von kohle und vorrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens |
WO2012126096A1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-27 | Institut De Rechercheet De Développement En Agroenvironnement Inc. (Irda) | System and process for thermochemical treatment of matter containing organic compounds |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020169147A1 (de) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-27 | Franz Binzer | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung tierischer nebenprodukte und sterilisierungsvorrichtung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102013103689A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
AU2014223054A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2961817A1 (de) | 2016-01-06 |
BR112015020554A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
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