WO2014127298A1 - Turbochargeur - Google Patents

Turbochargeur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014127298A1
WO2014127298A1 PCT/US2014/016613 US2014016613W WO2014127298A1 WO 2014127298 A1 WO2014127298 A1 WO 2014127298A1 US 2014016613 W US2014016613 W US 2014016613W WO 2014127298 A1 WO2014127298 A1 WO 2014127298A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbine
hybrid vehicle
wastegate
electric hybrid
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/016613
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Wong
Original Assignee
Alexander Wong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alexander Wong filed Critical Alexander Wong
Priority to EP14751726.2A priority Critical patent/EP2999865A4/fr
Priority to JP2015558172A priority patent/JP6412018B2/ja
Publication of WO2014127298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127298A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/19—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for achieving enhanced acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
    • F02B33/40—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps of non-positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
    • F02B37/186—Arrangements of actuators or linkage for bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/10—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for acceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0633—Turbocharger state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0638—Turbocharger state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator

Definitions

  • This application relates to using exhaust gases from an engine to charge an electric motor. Embodiments as described herein are used to increase the efficiency of hybrid vehicles.
  • Hybrid electric vehicles currently employ electric motors in conjunction with an internal combustion engine (usually gasoline or diesel) to improve gas mileage by permitting the engine to operate more efficiently.
  • the motor is used either during the entire operation of the vehicle, alone, or in conjunction with the combustion engine during times that would be most inefficient for the engine, such as upon starting the vehicle and during much of the acceleration.
  • the combustion engine is used either to power the vehicle or recharge the battery of the motor when the motor is not in use. Therefore, the engine is generally used in optimum or more efficiently favorable conditions, thus optimizing engine performance and saving fuel.
  • Some vehicles use a turbocharger to use waste heat from the vehicle exhaust to provide extra power to the vehicle.
  • a turbine is positioned in the exhaust path to turn the waste heat into mechanical energy.
  • the turbine is then generally coupled to a compressor that is used to compress the air into the engine.
  • the compressed air permits additional fuel to be injected into the engine and combusted to provide additional power for the same component space.
  • the cost of a hybrid vehicle is generally greater than that of a comparative internal combustion engine vehicle.
  • the cost is at least partially deferred by the savings in gasoline.
  • the gas efficiency of a hybrid vehicle may not be sufficiently high to encourage customers to choose a hybrid without other incentives.
  • some midsized hybrid vehicles may get equal or less gas mileage compared to select compact internal combustion engine cars.
  • a turbo recharger in which a turbine blades are turned by exhaust gases from a vehicle, which is connected to an electric generator via a shaft.
  • This electric generator converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy, and supplies power to recharge the vehicle's battery.
  • the battery powers an electric motor of an electric hybrid vehicle.
  • Other features, such as an electronic, computer-controlled wastegate may be used in conjunction with the turbine to control the turbine spin rate, prevent overcharging of the battery, or provide unrestricted flow to the exhaust to improve performance of the engine.
  • the turbine is designed to spin at a desired rate complimentary to the coupled electric generator, thus eliminating or reducing the need for gear reductions, cooling, precision manufacturing, etc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention including an exhaust stream, fixed shaft turbine to electric generator, electric generator, power inverter/controller, and battery.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention including an exhaust stream, reduction gear set, turbine, electric generator, power inverter/controller and battery.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment having a wastegate to control the exhaust through the turbine.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment having a generally planar gate valve positioned inside the exhaust housing.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment incorporating an alternate exhaust conduit configured to improve the application of the turbo recharger.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the exemplary exhaust conduit of FIG. 5 in greater detail.
  • Embodiments as described herein provide a simplified turbo recharger for an efficient, reliable, low-cost system that delivers good performance for improving efficiency of a vehicle using electric power.
  • Embodiments as described herein may be used with electric motor, combustion engine hybrid vehicles to improve the fuel efficiencies of such vehicles.
  • a turbine is positioned in the exhaust stream of a vehicle exhaust.
  • a shaft couples the turbine to an electric generator, which is used to charge a battery used to power the electric motor.
  • a single, fixed shaft is used to couple the turbine to the generator.
  • the turbine may be configured to operate at a desired optimum revolution, such that no gearing is required between the turbine and the generator.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram for a turbo recharger 2 for use in an electric hybrid vehicle.
  • the electric hybrid vehicle includes a conventional exhaust 4 from the combustion engine.
  • a turbine 6 is positioned in the combustion engine exhaust 4 path.
  • the turbine 6 is coupled to the electric generator 8, which is coupled through a power inverter 10 to the battery 12.
  • the electric generator 8 may be directly or indirectly coupled to the electric motor of the hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the power inverter may be a power controller that directly couples to both the battery 12 and the electric vehicle, such that the turbo recharger can directly power the electric motor or indirectly power the electric motor by directly charging the battery 12.
  • the battery 12 may also be used to power on-board car system instead of or in addition to the electric motor. Wires may be used to couple the electric generator 8 to the power inverter 10 and then to the battery 12. Shafts, gears, and/or linkages may be used to couple the turbine 6 to the electric generator 8.
  • the turbine 6 As a car's internal combustion engine increases in speed (rpm), it spools up a turbine 6. Instead of being connected to a centrifugal compressor or a blower, as in a turbocharger, the turbine 6 is connected to an electric generator 8. The electric generator sends an electric current to a power controller/inverter 10. The power controller/inverter then converts the current from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and to a voltage usable by the batteries 12. Thus, the turbine 6 is used to recharge the hybrid vehicle's batteries and captures much of the energy that would be lost in the engine exhaust in the form of waste heat and pressure. The electricity generated by the generator can then either directly power the electric motors or recharge the batteries which may then be used to turn electric motors that would normally help propel the hybrid vehicle.
  • AC alternating current
  • DC direct current
  • the turbine may operate at a slower speed than is customary on presently used turbochargers, i.e. 100,000 plus revolutions per minute (rpm).
  • a turbine may, for example, operate at a maximum speed of 25,000 rpm and preferably between approximately 5,000 and 15,000 rpm.
  • the reduced speed may reduce manufacturing costs associated with the turbine by eliminating the need for fluid bearings or precision ball bearings.
  • the electric generator may be modified to operate at higher speeds of a typical turbine.
  • the electric generator and turbine may include a cooling system, such as a liquid cooler to reduce the heat generated from the additional energy. Fluid bearings and precision ball bearings may also be used to prevent overheating and improve reliability.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which the turbine is directly coupled to the electric generator.
  • a single, fixed shaft transfers the power from the turbine 6 to the electric generator 8.
  • One or more linkages, gears, or shafts may also be used between the turbine 6 and the electric generator 8.
  • the connection is a direct one via a fixed shaft such that the turbine spins at the same rate or approximately the same rate as the generator. Therefore, either or both of the turbine and/or electric generator may be fashioned to impose spin rates that correspond to that of the other.
  • a reduction gear set 14 may be used with turbines of the present invention or with existing turbines.
  • Using reduction gears permits the use of an existing turbine design that spins at 50,000 rpm or more.
  • a turbine that spins at 100,000 rpm may be used with a reduction gear set to allow the electric generator to spin at only 50,000 rpm, 20,000 rpm, 10,000 rpm or slower, instead of being forced to match the revolutions of the turbine to that of the electric generator.
  • the turbine 6 includes a turbine shaft 16 and turbine gear 18.
  • the electric generator 8 includes a generator shaft 22 and an electric generator gear 20.
  • the generator gear 20 and the turbine gear 18 mate, such that the turbine gear 18 spins the generator gear 20.
  • the generator gear 20 is larger than the turbine gear 18 so that the generator need not spin as fast as the generator.
  • a wastegate 24 may be used to direct the engine exhaust 4 and control the exhaust through the turbine 6.
  • the wastegate 24 may be a computer-controlled electronically actuated wastegate incorporated into the system.
  • a wastegate opens to release pressure once a set threshold is reached.
  • a wastegate can divert the exhaust stream away from the turbine to prevent it from spinning too rapidly.
  • the wastegate may be used to open a flow path from the vehicle exhaust and reduce the revolutions of the turbine.
  • the wastegate typically remains closed, thus requiring low to medium pressure exhaust to enter the turbine.
  • embodiments of the present invention may include a computer-actuated wastegate that may determine the optimal operating pressures to permit unobstructed flow from the combustion engine exhaust.
  • a computer-actuated wastegate may determine the optimal operating pressures to permit unobstructed flow from the combustion engine exhaust.
  • software and/or hardware may be used to detect the pressure in the exhaust and use this data along with engine speed to determine when the wastegate should be opened.
  • the wastegate 24 may be opened from engine idle to approximately 1,500 to 2,500 rpm while the car is accelerating to permit the free flow of exhaust at low pressure. The wastegate may then be closed (or partially closed) to permit the waste gas to impart waste energy to the turbine.
  • the wastegate may then be opened again depending on the operational conditions of the battery, such as when a certain charge threshold is obtained or depending on the speed and/or pressure achieved by or within the turbine.
  • the high pressure where the wastegate can be open is estimated to be around 12 psi or higher.
  • the low pressure where the wastegate may remain open is initially estimated to be around 0 to 3 psi.
  • a current generation (2 nd gen) Ford Fusion Hybrid is capable of cruising on the highway under electric only power at 62 mph for short distances. Assume that the Ford Fusion Hybrid will be driving at a constant 55 mph. It cannot sustain this speed for more than a few miles given its very limited battery pack.
  • the wastegate would remain closed a highway cruising speeds, which will force the exhaust stream into the main conduit to spool up the turbine which will then turn the electric generator (possibly using a reduction gear set) and send an electric current to the power inverter which will then directly power the electric motors or charge up the battery.
  • the battery can maintain a high level of charge.
  • the battery can now power the car's electric motors or they can be powered directly from the power controller to help propel the car along at 55 mph.
  • the gasoline engine would have been doing all the work without the turbo recharger.
  • the turbo recharger may continue working at all times until the pressure reaches a certain very high threshold that could cause damage to the turbine, the electric generator, the reduction gear set, or overcharge the battery.
  • the wastegate may then open to allow the exhaust gases to enter into the bypass conduit and be diverted away from the turbine.
  • the wastegate may normally remain closed even as the car is decelerating to a stop as it continues to capture at least some exhaust gases to continue to spin the turbine (albeit at a lower RPM). As the car starts to accelerate again, the wastegate will open to allow the gasoline engine to breathe freely as it accelerates.
  • the position of the wastegate is determined by a unique algorithm utilizing factors such as turbine (and electric generator) RPM speed, gasoline engine speed, pressure of the exhaust stream, charge state of the battery, and whether or not the car is accelerating.
  • a wastegate 24 may be used to vent additional pressure from the vehicle exhaust and bypass the turbo recharger 2.
  • the wastegate 24 may be coupled to one or more sensors that detect exhaust pressure, engine speed, and battery charge.
  • the wastegate may be opened to relieve pressure in the turbine so that the speed of the turbine may be controlled.
  • the wastegate may be opened once the battery is sufficiently charged such that the battery is not overcharged.
  • the wastegate may also be opened during low pressure, such as when the engine is revving up, so that the exhaust flow is minimally interrupted.
  • the wastegate 24 may be used to improve efficiency of the engine and/or motor depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle, engine speed, turbine, motor, and battery.
  • the planar gate valve 26 may be positioned inside the exhaust housing 32.
  • the planar gate valve 26 may be generally circular or otherwise match an interior configuration of the exhaust housing 32.
  • the valve 26 may be coupled to the exhaust conduit 32 by a hinge 30 that is actuated by an electric motor 28 controlled by a computer.
  • the circular valve may be fully closed, i.e. perpendicular to flow, or it can be fully open, i.e. parallel to flow, or partially open/close in an intermediate position between parallel and perpendicular.
  • the wastegate may be configured from a computer-controlled diaphragm, such as operated by a spring.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment incorporating an alternate exhaust conduit configured to improve the application of the turbo recharger.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the exemplary exhaust conduit of FIG. 5 in greater detail.
  • the exhaust conduit may be configured to provide a desired or improved exhaust pressure to the turbine.
  • a divergent exhaust conduit may be incorporated in front and/or in line with the turbine 6. This configuration allows the fluid from the exhaust flow to expand, reducing its pressure before entering the turbine. Lower pressure at the turbine inlet allows the turbine to spin or turn more slowly.
  • the increased volume of the conduit also permits a larger turbine to fit within the exhaust conduit. Effectively, the system allows the fluid to act over a larger area to turn a larger turbine at a lower pressure.
  • the exhaust conduit 4 out of the combustion engine may comprise multiple portions.
  • a first portion 4a may be an extension of the exhaust conduit at approximately the same size and configuration.
  • the first portion 4a directs the exhaust from the combustion engine exhaust 4 toward the turbine 6.
  • a second portion 4b has a gradually increasing diameter and throat area and transitions the exhaust conduit from the first portion to a third portion 4c.
  • the third portion 4c has a larger diameter and corresponding larger area than the first portion 4a.
  • the dimensions of the third portion are selected in conjunction with the turbine and electric generator.
  • the considerations include (1) increasing the size of the turbine to increase surface area and improve efficiency of capturing waste energy from the exhaust; (2) matching or reducing the turbine spin rate to the electric generator spin capabilities either through the direct shaft or appropriate reduction gear set.
  • the second portion 4b couples the first and third portions together and transitions the conduit from the dimensions of the first portion to that of the second portion.
  • the second portion 4b may generally reverse taper from the smaller diameter of the first portion to the larger diameter of the third portion.
  • the exhaust conduit may also comprise a fourth portion 4d to divert the exhaust from the combustion engine away from the turbine 6 and through the wastegate 24.
  • the fourth portion 4d may be at the same, smaller, or larger dimension than the first portion 4a and/or exhaust 4 from the combustion engine.
  • the diverging exhaust conduit would present a significant problem for a conventional turbocharger focused on performance as it would increase lag and response time.
  • the turbo recharger according to embodiments described herein improve efficiency and does not need nearly instantaneous reaction times to increase performance. If a longer amount of time passes because a larger, heavier turbine needs to spool up under lower pressure, the impact on efficiency should be minimal.
  • the diverging exhaust conduit provides lower pressure, which results in the turbine spinning more slowly and the danger of the turbine turning the electric generator too quickly is reduced or eliminated. This should increase the life of both the turbine and the electric generator.
  • the diverging conduit can be used alone with a single direct drive shaft or in conjunction with reduction gearing depending on how slowly the electric generator is configured to spin. The ideal combination of how much to increase the conduit area versus the exact ratio of the reduction gear is a problem that can be optimized for the specific vehicle, space requirements, electric generator, turbine, etc.

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation, tels que décrits dans cette invention, concernent un turbochargeur simplifié destiné à un système efficace, fiable, de faible coût, qui offre une bonne performance pour améliorer le rendement d'un véhicule utilisant l'énergie électrique. Des modes de réalisation tels que décrits dans cette invention peuvent être utilisés avec des véhicules hybrides à moteur électrique et moteur à combustion afin d'améliorer la consommation de carburant de ces véhicules. Une turbine peut être positionnée dans un flux d'échappement d'un véhicule qui est accouplé à un générateur afin de recharger la batterie d'un véhicule. La turbine peut comprendre une soupape de décharge pour permettre au flux d'échappement de pénétrer dans la turbine ou de la contourner en fonction de la charge de la batterie, de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine, de la pression de la turbine, de la vitesse du moteur ou d'une combinaison de ceux-ci.
PCT/US2014/016613 2013-02-15 2014-02-14 Turbochargeur WO2014127298A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14751726.2A EP2999865A4 (fr) 2013-02-15 2014-02-14 Turbochargeur
JP2015558172A JP6412018B2 (ja) 2013-02-15 2014-02-14 ターボ充電装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361765459P 2013-02-15 2013-02-15
US61/765,459 2013-02-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014127298A1 true WO2014127298A1 (fr) 2014-08-21

Family

ID=51350119

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2014/016613 WO2014127298A1 (fr) 2013-02-15 2014-02-14 Turbochargeur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US9200556B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2999865A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP6412018B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014127298A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10584652B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-03-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for operating an engine with an electrically driven compressor
US10744892B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-08-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for battery charging

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10161300B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2018-12-25 Volvo Truck Corporation Internal combustion engine system
US10710738B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-07-14 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Auxiliary power unit with intercooler
US10590842B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-03-17 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Compound engine assembly with bleed air
US9771165B2 (en) * 2015-06-25 2017-09-26 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Compound engine assembly with direct drive of generator
US10696417B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-06-30 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Auxiliary power unit with excess air recovery
US10033056B2 (en) 2015-09-13 2018-07-24 Honeywell International Inc. Fuel cell regulation using loss recovery systems
US9664140B2 (en) * 2015-09-23 2017-05-30 Pasteurization Technology Group Inc. Combined heat and power system with electrical and thermal energy storage
JP2017203439A (ja) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 株式会社デンソー 車両のエンジンシステム
CN109415965B (zh) * 2016-11-07 2021-03-12 株式会社Ihi 排气能量回收装置
FR3064301B1 (fr) * 2017-03-22 2022-01-28 Gilbert Camara Dispositif pour transformer simplement un turbo-compresseur automobile en turbo-alternateur afin de charger des batteries utilisables hors du vehicule.
IT201700047852A1 (it) * 2017-05-04 2018-11-04 Magneti Marelli Spa Metodo di controllo di un sistema di propulsione ibrido per un veicolo stradale
US10676339B2 (en) * 2017-12-18 2020-06-09 Pepsico, Inc. Beverage dispensing system
BR102021012927A2 (pt) * 2021-06-29 2023-01-03 José James Mendes Pessoa Sistema e método para geração de energia elétrica, veículo pesado híbrido, trem ferroviário e embarcação

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4864151A (en) * 1988-05-31 1989-09-05 General Motors Corporation Exhaust gas turbine powered electric generating system
US5906098A (en) * 1996-07-16 1999-05-25 Turbodyne Systems, Inc. Motor-generator assisted turbocharging systems for use with internal combustion engines and control method therefor
US6112523A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-09-05 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Multistage supercharging system for a reciprocating engine
US6313544B1 (en) * 1997-09-19 2001-11-06 Solo Energy Corporation Self-contained energy center for producing mechanical, electrical, and heat energy
US20100087290A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Hybrid Transmission with Disconnect Clutch and Method of Starting an Engine Using Same
US20120060492A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system adjusting an exhaust heat recovery valve

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649083A (en) * 1950-02-22 1953-08-18 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Supercharging four-stroke internal-combustion engine
JPS58217723A (ja) 1982-06-09 1983-12-17 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd 過給機付エンジンの過給圧制御装置
JPS60182321A (ja) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-17 Nissan Motor Co Ltd タ−ボチヤ−ジヤの過給圧制御装置
SE8401430L (sv) * 1984-03-14 1985-09-15 Saab Scania Ab Arrangemang for energioverforing vid fordons drivaggregat
CA1292124C (fr) 1985-10-19 1991-11-19 Hideo Kawamura Dispositif recuperateur d'energie pour turbomoteur compound
JPS62254649A (ja) 1986-04-25 1987-11-06 Isuzu Motors Ltd タ−ボチヤ−ジヤ用発電機
JPH0211822A (ja) 1988-06-29 1990-01-16 Isuzu Motors Ltd 回転電機付ターボチャージャの駆動装置
JPH02168569A (ja) 1988-08-22 1990-06-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池発電システム
JPH03117632A (ja) 1989-09-29 1991-05-20 Isuzu Motors Ltd 複合ターボコンパウンドエンジン
US5115183A (en) 1989-11-13 1992-05-19 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Battery charging system for motor-generator
JPH05111109A (ja) 1991-10-08 1993-04-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 内燃機関駆動電気式車両の制御方法
US5482791A (en) 1993-01-28 1996-01-09 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Fuel cell/gas turbine combined power generation system and method for operating the same
US5881559A (en) 1995-07-28 1999-03-16 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Hybrid electric vehicle
JP3050794B2 (ja) 1996-03-01 2000-06-12 富士重工業株式会社 エンジンの制御装置
JP3177153B2 (ja) * 1996-04-10 2001-06-18 本田技研工業株式会社 ハイブリッド車両の制御装置
US6062026A (en) 1997-05-30 2000-05-16 Turbodyne Systems, Inc. Turbocharging systems for internal combustion engines
US6554088B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2003-04-29 Paice Corporation Hybrid vehicles
US6328024B1 (en) 1999-03-30 2001-12-11 Mark S. Kibort Axial flow electric supercharger
DE10022113A1 (de) * 2000-05-06 2001-11-15 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybridantrieb für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE10050161A1 (de) 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Daimler Chrysler Ag Abgasturbolader für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Abgasturboladers
DE10136977A1 (de) 2001-07-28 2003-02-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Laders
JP3738725B2 (ja) * 2001-11-02 2006-01-25 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃焼機関の排気エネルギ回収装置
US7065954B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2006-06-27 Gustavo Francisco Labala Turbine, particularly useful for small aircraft
JP3806382B2 (ja) * 2002-08-30 2006-08-09 三菱自動車工業株式会社 ハイブリッド車の出力制御装置
US6931850B2 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-08-23 The Regents Of The Univesity Of California Exhaust gas driven generation of electric power and altitude compensation in vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles
US20060046894A1 (en) 2004-08-09 2006-03-02 Kyle Ronald L Hybrid vehicle with exhaust powered turbo generator
JP4479488B2 (ja) 2004-12-01 2010-06-09 株式会社デンソー 排気発電装置
GB0426733D0 (en) * 2004-12-06 2005-01-12 Imp College Innovations Ltd Flow control device for a turbocharger
US20060162334A1 (en) 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Mr. Kyle Roesler Turbo-Hybrid Automobile
US7047743B1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2006-05-23 Deere & Company Electric turbo compound configuration for an engine/electric generator system
US7076954B1 (en) 2005-03-31 2006-07-18 Caterpillar Inc. Turbocharger system
EP1885574A2 (fr) 2005-04-07 2008-02-13 Pietro Spanò Groupe moteur pour vehicules hybrides
US7855022B2 (en) 2005-11-30 2010-12-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Fuel system with improved fuel cell shutdown
US7621262B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2009-11-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Hybrid thermal energy conversion for HCCI heated intake charge system
US7529614B1 (en) 2007-11-30 2009-05-05 Delphi Technologies, Inc. System and method for turbo compressor recirculation valve control
US8125181B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2012-02-28 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Method and apparatus for hybrid vehicle auxiliary battery state of charge control
US8035349B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2011-10-11 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Systems and methods for absorbing waste electricity from regenerative braking in hybridized vehicles
JP5434391B2 (ja) * 2009-09-02 2014-03-05 マツダ株式会社 シリーズハイブリッド車両の制御装置
CZ201050A3 (cs) * 2010-01-22 2011-08-03 Šula@Martin Zapojení systému správy elektrické energie ve vozidle a zpusob provádení jeho správy
JP5450324B2 (ja) 2010-09-06 2014-03-26 株式会社日立製作所 ダウンウインド型風車
US9416724B2 (en) * 2012-08-08 2016-08-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Multi-staged wastegate

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4864151A (en) * 1988-05-31 1989-09-05 General Motors Corporation Exhaust gas turbine powered electric generating system
US5906098A (en) * 1996-07-16 1999-05-25 Turbodyne Systems, Inc. Motor-generator assisted turbocharging systems for use with internal combustion engines and control method therefor
US6313544B1 (en) * 1997-09-19 2001-11-06 Solo Energy Corporation Self-contained energy center for producing mechanical, electrical, and heat energy
US6112523A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-09-05 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Multistage supercharging system for a reciprocating engine
US20100087290A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Hybrid Transmission with Disconnect Clutch and Method of Starting an Engine Using Same
US20120060492A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system adjusting an exhaust heat recovery valve

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2999865A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10744892B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-08-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for battery charging
US10584652B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-03-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for operating an engine with an electrically driven compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2999865A1 (fr) 2016-03-30
JP6412018B2 (ja) 2018-10-24
EP2999865A4 (fr) 2017-04-19
US9518507B2 (en) 2016-12-13
JP2016509970A (ja) 2016-04-04
US9200556B2 (en) 2015-12-01
US20140230436A1 (en) 2014-08-21
US20160084151A1 (en) 2016-03-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9518507B2 (en) Turbo recharger
JP5035473B2 (ja) ターボチャージャの制御装置
JP5477866B2 (ja) 新規で高められたスーパチャージ内燃機関、及びシステム
US10024225B2 (en) Controller of internal combustion engine equipped with electric supercharger
US8555639B2 (en) Power source control unit of electric supercharger
US20170241328A1 (en) Supercharging Device for an Internal Combustion Engine, and Operating Method for the Supercharging Device
JPS6046250B2 (ja) タ−ボチヤ−ジヤ
BR112017009722B1 (pt) Dispositivo de sobrealimentação para um motor de combustão interna
BR112017007139B1 (pt) Dispositivo de carregamento para um motor de combustão interna e método de operação para o dispositivo de carregamento
JP2884725B2 (ja) ツインターボチャージャの制御装置
JP2014020364A (ja) 発電を行う排気タービンまたはターボチャージャーを備えた内燃機関
JP5552983B2 (ja) 電動ターボシステム
JP5280392B2 (ja) 内燃機関制御装置
JPH10252517A (ja) 内燃機関の制動および補助動力装置
JP2011080398A (ja) 電動過給機の制御装置
JP2008523306A (ja) 燃料電池を使用した発電システム
EP3199819A1 (fr) Appareil de suralimentation électrique et système de suralimentation électrique
CN106285918B (zh) 双电机涡轮增压发电装置及其控制方法
ES2628918T3 (es) Sistema de turbocomposición mejorado, en particular en el campo de los vehículos industriales
JP6114446B1 (ja) 低圧段駆動階層型電動ターボチャージャ装置および該低圧段駆動階層型電動ターボチャージャ装置を装着した動力システム
JP6665527B2 (ja) 電動式過給機付きエンジンの電源システム
JP5946757B2 (ja) 内燃機関の過給発電システム、内燃機関の過給発電装置、及び内燃機関の過給発電方法
JP5691400B2 (ja) 過給制御装置
JP2012167634A (ja) 過給システム及び過給システムの制御回路
JP5334695B2 (ja) 電動過給機の制御装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14751726

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2015558172

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2014751726

Country of ref document: EP