WO2014119460A1 - 冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119460A1 WO2014119460A1 PCT/JP2014/051354 JP2014051354W WO2014119460A1 WO 2014119460 A1 WO2014119460 A1 WO 2014119460A1 JP 2014051354 W JP2014051354 W JP 2014051354W WO 2014119460 A1 WO2014119460 A1 WO 2014119460A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet used for, for example, a clutch plate and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a wet multi-plate clutch of an automatic transmission has a plurality of friction plates each having a friction material made of special paper attached to the surface, and separate plates that come into contact with the friction plates. Then, the transmission of power is controlled by an operation of switching between opening and connection of the friction plate and the separate plate.
- the friction plate and the separate plate are both ring-shaped steel plate members.
- these friction plates and separate plates constituting the wet multi-plate clutch are collectively referred to as a clutch plate.
- the main malfunctions occurring in the separate plate are wear of the spline part (hereinafter referred to as property A), rattling due to poor positional accuracy of the spline part (hereinafter referred to as property B), friction plate.
- property A wear of the spline part
- property B rattling due to poor positional accuracy of the spline part
- property D friction plate
- property C roughness change due to wear on the friction surface
- property D generation of heat spots and the resulting non-uniform shape and material
- the friction plate and the clutch plate When connected from the neutral state to the power transmission state in the operation of the wet multi-plate clutch, the friction plate and the clutch plate are pressed with high load at a high relative speed, and the friction plate and the clutch plate The speed decreases rapidly.
- the frictional heat generated at this time is rapidly input to the surface of the separate plate that becomes the sliding portion, and therefore the temperature of the surface of the separate plate is raised. This temperature rise on the surface of the separate plate is the cause of the generation of heat spots.
- the protrusion of the heat spot part derived from the heating by frictional heat, the distortion around the heat spot, and the local material change make the frictional state at the time of clutch operation non-uniform.
- the uneven friction state causes a vicious cycle of forming a new heat spot, and the performance of the wet multi-plate clutch is significantly deteriorated.
- the steel plate used for the clutch plate is required to improve heat spot resistance.
- Patent Document 1 As a technique for improving the heat spot resistance of a steel plate, methods described in Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 5 are known.
- Patent Document 1 a low-carbon steel is used to increase the phase transformation temperature from ferrite to austenite, thereby preventing the occurrence of phase transformation even when the plate is heated by frictional heat during clutching. A method of suppressing the occurrence of is shown.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of suppressing the generation of heat spots by controlling the temperature rise of the plate due to frictional heat by regulating the amount of alloying elements and improving the thermal diffusivity of the steel sheet.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for suppressing the generation of heat spots by using austenitic stainless steel, which is unlikely to undergo phase transformation, as a material for a plate.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for suppressing the generation of heat spots by using Ti precipitates and Nb precipitates.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a method for suppressing the generation of heat spots by adding Si or Al having an action of raising the transformation point in addition to the use of Ti precipitates and Nb precipitates.
- wear resistance of spline parts such as the teeth of separate plates is another important characteristic.
- Patent Documents 6 to 9 As a technique for improving the wear resistance of the tooth tip in the separate plate, methods described in Patent Documents 6 to 9 are known.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for improving wear resistance by using hard precipitates such as TiC and cementite.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a method of improving wear resistance by cold rolling a hot rolled steel sheet having a ferrite structure with a ferrite grain size of 5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less at a reduction rate of 50% or more. Yes.
- Patent Document 8 discloses a method for improving the wear resistance by controlling the steel structure by the combined addition of Cr, Ti, and B.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a method for improving the wear resistance by controlling the steel structure by controlling the pearlite and cementite fractions and controlling the ferrite grain size.
- Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 5 only correspond to some of the four properties A to D required for the separate plate.
- the methods of Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 5 have many effects such as an insufficient effect on heat spot resistance, a decrease in manufacturability, and an increase in material cost. Has a problem.
- Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 do not take into consideration the correspondence to property A, property B, and property C, and are insufficient for improving transmission efficiency, reducing friction loss, and reducing size and weight.
- the austenitic stainless steel of Patent Document 3 is not only considerably expensive compared to a steel plate generally used for a clutch plate, but also because stainless steel has low thermal conductivity, frictional heat diffusibility is low. The problem is that the temperature is low and the temperature of the steel sheet surface is likely to rise.
- Patent Document 5 Si and Al are added.
- adding Si and Al has many problems in manufacturing, and is effective from an industrial point of view in that brittle fracture of slabs and coils is likely to occur. Absent.
- Patent Documents 6 to 9 only improve the wear resistance. That is, what is required of the separate plate is not only high wear resistance of the spline part, but also important not to damage the drum or case which is the counterpart. Therefore, as a material for the separate plate, it is not necessary to simply improve the wear resistance.
- Patent Documents 6 to 9 considers that the two types of wear resistance differing in properties at two locations on the spline portion and the surface are combined.
- the shear surface ratio is lowered when punching into a plate having a predetermined shape, and burrs and burrs are likely to occur, and secondary shear surfaces are likely to occur. End up.
- This invention is made
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1 is, in mass%, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.2 to 0.8%, P: 0 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, and Al: 0.05% or less so as to satisfy the formula (1) where 5 ⁇ C% ⁇ Si% + Mn% ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ Al% ⁇ 1 And at least one of Nb: 0.03-0.4%, V: 0.01-0.3% and Ti: 0.01-0.3% is 0.04 ⁇ (Nb% ⁇ 1.4) + (V% ⁇ 1.1) + Ti% ⁇ 0.3 so as to satisfy the formula (2), the balance being a chemical component consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, A carbide containing any one of Nb, V, and Ti has an average particle diameter of 20 to 100 nm, and a cross-sectional structure of a second phase structure having a major axis of 5 ⁇ m or more. The area ratio is 5% or less, and the cross-section
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 2 is the cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, in mass%, Cr: 0.10 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mo: At least one of 0.05 to 0.5% and B: 0.0002 to 0.002% is 5 ⁇ C% ⁇ Si% + Mn% + 1.6 ⁇ Cr% + 0.8 ⁇ Ni% ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ It is a chemical component contained so as to satisfy the formula (3) where Al% ⁇ 1.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 3 includes any one of Nb, V, and Ti which are precipitates in a surface layer portion from the steel sheet surface to at least 200 ⁇ m in the cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1 or 2.
- the average particle size of the carbide is 20 to 100 nm.
- a method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 4 is a hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by melting a steel slab having the chemical composition according to claim 1 or 2, heating the steel slab to 1200 ° C. or higher, and hot rolling it.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is wound at 550 to 700 ° C. to form a hot-rolled coil, and the hot-rolled coil is cold-rolled, or annealed and cold-rolled to obtain a cross-sectional hardness of 200 to 350 HV. It is to make.
- the chemical component is regulated, the average particle size of the precipitated carbide is 20 to 100 nm, and the area ratio of the second phase structure having a major axis of 5 ⁇ m or more in the cross-sectional structure is 5% or less. Therefore, punchability can be improved. Moreover, it is suitable not only for a separate plate but also for a friction plate and a plate for a dry clutch.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the state before the test of the heat spot resistance test in the Example of this invention.
- A is a plan view showing a state after the test of the heat spot resistance test same as above, and
- (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2 (a) showing a state after the test of the heat spot resistance test same as above.
- C is a figure which shows a hardness measurement location.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention is used as a material for a clutch plate in a wet multi-plate clutch mechanism of an automatic transmission of an automobile, for example.
- the temperature of the clutch plate surface in the connected state is remarkably increased due to friction, and the steel structure is austenitized in the metal structure.
- region which becomes austenite by the temperature rise at the time of a clutch connection is only a steel plate surface layer, and temperature does not rise so that it will phase-transform inside a steel plate.
- the heating area of the steel sheet surface is rapidly cooled (self-cooled) by rapid heat conduction into the steel sheet at a low temperature, and undergoes martensitic transformation.
- the shape change during the martensitic transformation gives a tensile residual stress to the surrounding tissue, and the clutch plate loses its flatness and causes distortion.
- the following first countermeasure or fourth countermeasure is effective.
- the first measure is to suppress the temperature rise of the clutch plate due to frictional heat. That is, by improving the thermal conductivity of the steel plate forming the clutch plate, the heat from the friction part on the surface of the clutch plate is rapidly diffused to the surroundings, and a local abnormal temperature rise on the outermost surface is suppressed.
- the thermal conductivity of steel is highest for pure iron and decreases as the amount of alloying elements increases. Further, when the volume fraction of the second phase such as pearlite increases, the thermal conductivity decreases. However, the addition of alloying elements in steel is necessary to ensure appropriate strength and wear resistance as a clutch plate.
- the metal structure is a dispersed structure in which fine precipitates are uniformly dispersed in the ferrite structure. Is effective.
- the second measure is to suppress the formation of gamma in the metal structure of the clutch plate surface layer even if the clutch plate temperature rises due to frictional heat. That is, even in a situation where a temperature increase on the surface of the steel sheet due to frictional heat is inevitable, the austenite formation due to the temperature increase due to friction is suppressed by making the steel sheet itself difficult to undergo austenite transformation.
- the transformation point rises, or adding an element for increasing the alpha ⁇ gamma transformation point (A 3 transformation point), or, it is effective to reduce the added amount of the element to reduce the A 3 transformation point.
- the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation starts from the solid solution of carbide at the interface between the carbide and the parent phase. If the solid solution of carbide in the ⁇ phase or ⁇ phase is easy, the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation proceeds rapidly. On the other hand, if the carbide is not easily dissolved, the progression of the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation is suppressed.
- Fe 3 C cementite: ⁇
- the Fe 3 C (cementite: ⁇ ) system that is a carbide has a property of being easily dissolved, but in the case of Cr-added steel, Cr tends to concentrate in Fe 3 C. Fe 3 C is stabilized as Cr concentrates.
- Nb-based carbides, V-based carbides, and Ti-based carbides have very high stability and low solubility in the ⁇ phase compared to Fe 3 C.
- Nb carbide, V carbide and Ti carbide is a very excellent method for ensuring the strength and wear resistance of the steel sheet. Therefore, the use of Nb-based carbides, V-based carbides, and Ti-based carbides is suitable as a method for suppressing ⁇ conversion. Further, addition of Nb, V, or Ti is also effective as a method of reducing C, which is the element with the most remarkable transformation point decrease.
- Nb, V or Ti in order to ensure strength and wear resistance, it is effective to add Nb, V or Ti to form a hard carbide. Further, in order to reduce the amount of surplus C that does not bind to Nb, V, or Ti, the Nb addition amount, the V addition amount, the Ti addition amount, and the C amount are related to each other to obtain an optimum addition amount. The amount of dissolved C in can be reduced, and ⁇ -ization can be further suppressed.
- the third measure is to suppress the martensitic transformation due to the self-cooling of the clutch plate even if the metal structure of the clutch plate surface layer becomes gamma due to the temperature rise due to frictional heat. That is, even in a situation where temperature rise and gamma formation on the steel sheet surface cannot be avoided, the martensitic transformation due to self-cooling is suppressed by reducing the hardenability of the steel sheet.
- the fourth countermeasure is to suppress the deformation of the clutch plate due to transformation stress even if the metal structure of the clutch plate surface layer becomes ⁇ due to temperature rise due to frictional heat and becomes martensite due to self-cooling.
- the clutch plate resulting from the heat spot is ensured by sufficiently ensuring the strength of the metal structure around the heat spot. Suppresses distortion.
- the heat spot itself is considered to be a martensite region formed by heating and rapid cooling of the friction part as described above.
- the temperature around the heat spot is not as high as the heat spot, but the temperature rises due to frictional heat, and the metal structure is affected.
- the heat spot undergoes a phase transformation of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ martensite, but the heat spot is not heated so much as to be ⁇ , and in many cases, becomes softer than the material structure.
- a steel plate adjusted to about 220 to 320 HV by work hardening by cold rolling is usually used as the clutch plate.
- the work caused by frictional heat is recovered and recrystallized in the work structure by cold rolling, and the hardness decreases.
- recrystallization can be suppressed by adding Nb, V and Ti to a structure in which Nb carbide, V carbide and Ti carbide having high thermal stability are uniformly dispersed in the structure. , The decrease in hardness can be effectively suppressed.
- ⁇ Punchability is determined by the properties of the punched surface by a general punching method.
- An excellent punched surface has a high shearing surface ratio, small burrs and burrs, and few secondary sheared surfaces in the punched cross section. That is, if the fracture surface, secondary shear surface, and burrs are reduced in the processed cross section, the generation of fine powder (contamination) derived from these can be suppressed.
- the inside of the transmission can reduce the cause of defects.
- the cross-sectional structure In order to improve the punchability of the steel sheet, it is effective to make the cross-sectional structure almost a ferrite single phase structure and to make the second phase uniform and small. It is also effective to suppress the cross-sectional structure from being formed in a band shape. Further, it is effective to set the steel sheet to an appropriate hardness.
- the chemical composition of the cold-rolled steel sheet is defined based on the first countermeasure, the second countermeasure, the third countermeasure, the fourth countermeasure, and the measures related to punchability.
- the content of each element is mass% unless otherwise specified.
- the chemical components of the cold-rolled steel sheet are 0.03 to 0.08% C, 0 to 1.0% Si (including no additive), 0.2 to 0.8% Mn, and 0.0. 0% or less of P (not including no addition), 0.01% or less of S (not including no addition), and 0.05% or less of Al (not including no addition) (1) 5 ⁇ C% ⁇ Si% + Mn% ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ Al% ⁇ 1 is satisfied, 0.03 to 0.4% Nb, 0.01 to 0.3% V And at least one of 0.01 to 0.3% of Ti is 0.04 ⁇ (Nb% ⁇ 1.4) + (V% ⁇ 1.1) + Ti% ⁇ 0. 3 and the remainder is composed of chemical components composed of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- C% is the C content (%)
- Si% is the Si content (%)
- Mn% is the Mn content (%)
- Al% is the Al content.
- Nb% is the Nb content (%)
- V% is the V content (%)
- Ti% is the Ti content (%).
- the content of C is less than 0.03%, it becomes difficult to form hard carbide particles that contribute to wear resistance.
- the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation point decreases, the hardness and the amount of expansion deformation when the martensite structure is formed in the heating part by frictional heat, and the thermal conductivity. Decreases.
- the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.08% in consideration of balance with other characteristics within a range satisfying the relationship of the formula (1) or the formula (3). Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.03% or more and 0.08% or less.
- Si silicon
- Si silicon
- the content of Si is set to 0% (including no addition) or more and 1.0% or less.
- Mn manganese
- Mn is an element necessary for improving the strength of the steel sheet, and it is necessary to contain 0.2% or more in order to improve the strength.
- Mn has the effect of lowering the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation point, so if it is contained in excess of 0.8%, the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation point is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.2% or more and 0.8% or less. As the Mn content increases, the hot-rolled steel sheet tends to have a band-like structure, and the properties of the punched section by punching tend to deteriorate, so the Mn content is more preferably 0.6% or less.
- S sulfur
- S exceeding 0.01% is contained, a fracture surface is likely to be generated in the cross-sectional structure due to the soft MnS stretched by rolling. Therefore, the content of S is set to 0.01% or less (excluding no addition).
- Al is an element having a deoxidizing effect. A content of less than 0.01% is sufficient for deoxidation purposes only. However, Al has an effect of increasing the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ transformation point, so Al may be contained in excess of 0.01%. Further, if the steel contains Nb, V, or Ti at a predetermined concentration, there is no merit regarding the effect of increasing the transformation point even if Al is contained in a large amount exceeding 0.05%. Therefore, the content of Al is set to 0.05% or less (excluding no addition).
- the content of Cr is set to 0.10% or more and 2.0% or less in consideration of the wear resistance improving effect and side effects.
- the Ni content is set to 0.05% or more and 0.5% or less in consideration of toughness improving action and side effects.
- the Mo content is set to 0.05% or more and 0.5% or less in consideration of the toughness improving action and side effects.
- the content of B is set to 0.0002% or more and 0.002% or less in consideration of the toughness improving action and side effects.
- Nb (niobium), V (vanadium), and Ti (titanium) combine with C in the steel to form a hard carbide and contribute to improvement of wear resistance.
- Nb, V, and Ti have the effect
- Nb, V, and Ti effectively suppress the coarsening and softening of the ferrite crystal grain size in the temperature rising portion due to friction. That is, heat spot resistance and wear resistance can be improved by containing Nb, V, and Ti.
- Nb is 0.03% or more
- V is 0.01% or more
- Ti is contained more than 0.3%
- the hardness of the hot-rolled steel sheet is increased and aimed. It becomes impossible to produce plate steel having the product thickness and hardness. Accordingly, the Nb content is 0.03% to 0.4%, the V content is 0.01% to 0.3%, and the Ti content is 0.01% to 0.3%. It was as follows.
- Nb carbide, V carbide and Ti carbide Very important elements for improving heat spot resistance and wear resistance are Nb carbide, V carbide and Ti carbide. That is, Nb-based carbides, V-based carbides, and Ti-based carbides on the steel plate surface are effective for improving the heat spot resistance and the wear resistance on the friction surface with the mating spline in the spline portion. Therefore, the Nb carbide, V carbide and Ti carbide need to be finely and uniformly dispersed.
- the average particle size of precipitates in the steel sheet that is, carbides including any of Nb, V, and Ti, needs to be within a range of 20 nm to 100 nm.
- Nb-based carbides, V-based carbides, and Ti-based carbides present on the surface of the steel sheet and in the vicinity of the surface layer have a large effect on heat spot resistance and wear resistance. Therefore, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of the carbide containing any one of Nb, V, and Ti existing in the surface layer portion that is at least 200 ⁇ m or less from the surface of the steel sheet is 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- Nb-based carbides, V-based carbides, and Ti-based carbides that are deeper than the surface layer portion such as the central portion in the cross-sectional direction of the steel sheet do not contribute much to the heat spot resistance and have excellent wear resistance. On the contrary, there is a possibility of hurting the opponent material. Therefore, the average particle diameters of the Nb-based carbide, V-based carbide, and Ti-based carbide at the center in the cross-sectional direction of the steel plate may be approximately the same as those of the surface layer portion.
- the average particle diameter of the carbide containing any one of Nb, V, and Ti in a layer deeper than 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the cross-sectional direction is preferably 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less, as in the surface layer part.
- W tungsten
- Ta tantalum
- Zr zirconium
- Hf hafnium
- the cross-sectional structure includes a second phase structure other than cementite finely dispersed in the second phase structure, which is harder than the ferrite phase, that is, a pearlite structure, a bainite structure, a cementite structure, and a ferrite structure. is there.
- a hardness difference arises between the 2nd phase structure which is these hard structures, and a soft ferrite base compared with the 2nd phase structure.
- the hardness difference between the ferrite base and the second phase structure is large due to the amount, size, and hardness of the second phase structure dispersed in the cross-sectional structure, the deformability is reduced when subjected to deformation by punching. From this difference, cracks are likely to occur at the interface between the second phase structure and the ferrite structure. As a result, the fracture surface is easily formed, and the primary shearing area ratio is reduced.
- the cross-sectional structure of the steel sheet is substantially a ferrite single-phase structure
- the second phase is preferably uniform and a small amount
- the area ratio of the second phase structure in the cross-sectional structure is important. is there.
- the volume ratio of the second phase structure having a major axis of 5 ⁇ m or more is set to 5% or less.
- the size, amount and hardness of the second phase structure in such a cross-sectional structure can be adjusted by the C content in the steel sheet, the coiling temperature after hot rolling, and the like. In general, the size of the second phase structure is based on the major axis, which is the length in the growth direction.
- the hot rolling finishing temperature it is preferable to adjust the hot rolling finishing temperature to a temperature above the Ar 3 transformation point from the viewpoint of the quality of the hot rolled steel sheet and the hot rolling efficiency. That is, the finishing temperature is preferably 850 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower.
- the coiling temperature of the hot-rolled steel sheet is lower than 550 ° C.
- the hard structure increases, and by setting the coiling temperature to 550 ° C. or more, the structure form can be made close to a ferrite phase single phase with few hard structures.
- the coiling temperature exceeds 700 ° C.
- the surface decarburization of the steel sheet becomes remarkable, the amount of carbide precipitation in the outermost layer portion decreases, and the carbide particle size decreases. Therefore, the coiling temperature is set to 550 ° C. or more and 700 ° C. or less, and the hot rolled coil wound in this temperature range is used as the material.
- the average cooling rate from the finishing temperature to the coiling temperature is less than 20 ° C./second, the precipitated carbides are coarsened, so the average cooling rate is preferably 20 ° C./second or more.
- Hot rolled steel sheet is made into a product by cold rolling after removing the surface scale by pickling treatment. Specifically, in order to obtain the necessary hardness as a steel plate for a clutch plate, particularly a separate plate, it is necessary to perform cold rolling at a cold rolling rate of 20% to 70%. The hardness is adjusted by adjusting the rolling rate.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet used for the product is required to have a hardness and flatness of 200 HV or more and 350 HV or less from the viewpoint of punchability. In order to ensure flatness, it is preferable to adjust the cold rolling rate within a range of 20% to 70%.
- the hardness is less than 200 HV, the punched product has a large sag and burrs, a secondary shear surface is generated, and the properties of the spline portion are deteriorated.
- the hardness exceeds 350 HV wear and damage of the punching die increase, and a shearing surface is not formed on the punching surface, which is not preferable as the shape of the spline portion.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet may be directly annealed, or the cold-rolled steel sheet may be annealed as intermediate annealing. In any case, it is preferable to perform cold rolling after annealing. In addition, when intermediate annealing is performed during the cold rolling process, appropriate annealing conditions can be appropriately selected in consideration of the product sheet thickness and the cold rolling rate. However, annealing conditions that cause surface decarburization are not preferred.
- the average of the precipitated Nb type carbide, V type carbide, and Ti type carbide Since the particle size is 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less, the volume ratio of the hard structure having a cross-sectional structure having a hardness of 200 HV or more and a major axis of 5 ⁇ m or more is 5% or less, punchability can be improved.
- the necessary alloy element is added to improve the strength. Since it is necessary, the heat spot resistance and the wear resistance could not be improved in a well-balanced manner.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet can improve the heat spot resistance and the wear resistance in a well-balanced manner. Further, not only the balance between the heat spot resistance and the wear resistance but also the punchability can be improved.
- the carbides have the effect of suppressing plastic flow and micro fracture in the friction part, and the adhesive wear in the friction between steel and steel can be suppressed. .
- the punching surface properties are excellent, the clearance with the mating spline can be set small. For this reason, generation
- the cold-rolled steel sheet is excellent in the wear resistance of the spline part (suppression of wear of the plate itself) and the aggressiveness to the mating material (suppression of wear and damage of the counterpart spline part). From the viewpoint of wear, it is suitable as a material for clutch plates, for example.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet is suitable not only for use in a separate plate for wet multi-plate clutches, but also for use in friction plates and dry clutch plates.
- Table 1 when not containing at least one of Cr, Ni, Mo and B, the value of the left side of the formula (1) is shown as the Q value, and at least of Cr, Ni, Mo and B When it contains 1 type, the value of the left side of (3) Formula is shown as Q value.
- the heating temperature was 1250 ° C. or 1100 ° C.
- the winding temperature was 450 ° C., 520 ° C., 570 ° C., 600 ° C., 630 ° C., 650 ° C., and 720 ° C.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet was washed with hydrochloric acid and finished to a thickness of 1.8 mm at various cold rolling rates.
- the cross-sectional hardness at the time after cold rolling was set to 250 HV.
- specimens were collected from each specimen and subjected to a punching test, a pin-on-disk friction and abrasion test, and a heat spot resistance test.
- the thermal conductivity at 100 to 200 ° C. was measured using a laser flash method. And the thing whose measured thermal conductivity was 50 W / m * K or more was made into good evaluation, and was set as (circle) in Table 2.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the size of the precipitate was converted into a circle with an image analyzer, and the diameter of each precipitate was calculated.
- the photographing magnification was 50,000 times and 10 fields of view were observed.
- the sum of the calculated particle diameters of the precipitates was divided by the number of precipitates to obtain an average particle diameter.
- Table 2 when the average particle diameter is less than 20 nm, A is set, and when the average particle diameter is 20 to 100 nm, B is set, and the average The case where the particle size exceeded 100 nm was defined as C.
- the measurement of the area ratio (ratio) of the hard tissue was performed according to the following procedure. A part of each test material was cut and embedded in the resin so that a plane including the rolling direction and the plate thickness direction of the cold-rolled steel sheet became an observation surface. Then, after mirror finishing by wet polishing and buff polishing, etching was performed with 5% nital, and the structure was observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the second phase structure is a phase or structure different from the ferrite phase structure that is the parent phase. About these 2nd phase structure
- a circular hole having a thickness of 1.8 mm and a diameter of 10 mm was punched from each test piece using a 300 kN universal testing machine.
- JIS standard SKD11 for cold die which was tempered to 60HRC for both punch and die, was used.
- the test conditions were a punching speed of 1.7 mm / second and a clearance of 5%. Punched products having 20 to 30 shots were collected, and the amount of sag on the shear surface and the primary shear surface rate were evaluated. Specifically, each index was measured and the average value was calculated for the rolling direction of the material steel plate and the direction perpendicular thereto.
- a material having a primary shearing area ratio of 50% or more and a sag of less than 0.2 mm was evaluated as good evaluation, and in Table 2, it was evaluated as ⁇ . Further, in Table 2, the case where the primary shearing area ratio is less than 50% is indicated by ⁇ , the case where the sagging is 0.2 mm or more is indicated by ⁇ , and the case where the secondary shearing surface is generated is indicated by x.
- a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used to perform the wear test while dripping mission oil. Specifically, a 10 mm ⁇ 30 mm wear test piece is formed from a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.8 mm by punching (clearance 5%), and this wear test piece is formed into a disk with a pin-on-disk wear tester. The test surface, which is the contact surface, was fixed so as to be 1.8 mm ⁇ 10 mm. The disc used was a S45C quenching and tempering product with a hardness of 450 HV.
- a wear test was performed under the conditions of a friction speed of 0.6 m / sec and a friction distance of 800 m while pressing the wear test piece against the disk with a test load of 100 N. And the thing whose abrasion height is less than 0.1 mm was made into good evaluation, and it was set as (circle) in Table 2. Moreover, in Table 2, the wear height of 0.1 mm or more was marked with ⁇ , and the one with vigorous adhesion was marked with ⁇ .
- the primary shearing area ratio when there is a difference in the primary shearing area ratio between the test pieces in the punching process, the larger the primary shearing area ratio, the smaller the substantial contact surface pressure and the smaller the amount of wear. That is, in addition to the wear resistance of the steel itself, the primary shearing area ratio is also an important factor regarding the amount of wear.
- the surface layer portion was locally heated by irradiating the surface of the test piece with a strong laser beam for a short time.
- the laser irradiation is stopped, and the heated part is rapidly cooled by the self-cooling action of the steel sheet, and a characteristic altered layer in the heat spot (structure change layer including martensite) Produced.
- a martensite phase is not formed, the material steel plate hardened by cold rolling may be recrystallized into coarse crystal grains due to a temperature rise caused by laser irradiation, which may reduce the hardness.
- heat spot resistance can be evaluated by measuring the cross-sectional hardness between the surface layer portion and the inside.
- Such a heat spot resistance test was specifically performed as follows. As shown in FIG. 1, a 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm test piece 1 collected from each specimen was fixed to the center of the surface of a steel block 2 having a thickness of 20 mm and a thickness of 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm with a bolt (not shown). And the laser beam was irradiated to the center part of the test piece 1 surface.
- the irradiation conditions were as follows: a CO 2 laser was used, the effective output was 1080 W, the beam shape was 6 mm ⁇ , and the irradiation time was 0.75 seconds.
- a laser irradiation measuring unit 3a which is a position 100 ⁇ m from the surface of the laser irradiation unit 3 irradiated with laser, and Measure the Vickers hardness of the thickness center 4 which is the center of the thickness direction, and evaluate the degree of hardening or softening of the surface layer (laser irradiation measurement part 3a) with respect to the hardness of the inside (sheet thickness center 4) did.
- the overall evaluation was a good evaluation of the hard structure ratio, punched surface property evaluation by punching test, friction wear resistance evaluation by pin-on-disk friction wear test, and heat spot resistance evaluation by heat spot resistance test. The thing was set as pass and it was set as ⁇ in Table 2.
- Table 2 shows the test conditions and test results.
- test No. 1 contained no Nb and V, and since the Ti content was low, fine carbides hardly precipitated. For this reason, it is considered that the wear resistance was lowered and the surface was softened in the rapid thermal quench test.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the C content is more than 0.08%, it is considered that the hard structure became large and the punched surface properties deteriorated.
- the C content is large, martensitic transformation occurs in the quenching portion in the rapid quenching test, the surface is cured, the heat spot resistance becomes poor, and the thermal conductivity is considered to have decreased. .
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the C content is more than 0.08%, it is considered that the hard structure became large and the punched surface properties deteriorated.
- the Q value is larger than 1, it is considered that martensitic transformation occurred in the rapid cooling portion in the rapid thermal quenching test, the surface was cured, and the heat spot resistance was lowered.
- Test No. is a comparative example. No. 5, since the C content is more than 0.08%, the hard structure becomes large, and since the Si content is more than 1.0%, the workability is lowered and the punched surface properties are deteriorated. .
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the C content is less than 0.03%, the amount of precipitated carbide and cementite is small, the wear resistance is lowered, and the surface is considered to have been softened in the rapid thermal quench test.
- Test No. is a comparative example. In No. 7, since the Ti content is more than 0.3%, it is considered that the material hardened and the punched surface properties deteriorated.
- Test No. is a comparative example. In No. 8, since the value of the formula (2) regarding the contents of Ti and Nb is larger than 0.3, it is considered that the material hardened and the punching surface properties deteriorated.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- No. 9 has a Mn content of more than 0.8% and a Q value of greater than 1. Therefore, the punched surface properties are deteriorated, and the surface is hardened in the rapid thermal quench test, and the wear resistance is deteriorated. It is thought that.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- No. 10 has a Mn content of more than 0.8% and a Q value of more than 1, so that the punched surface properties deteriorated, and the surface is considered to have hardened in the rapid thermal quench test. Moreover, since there is more content of C than 0.08%, it is thought that thermal conductivity fell, the punching surface property deteriorated, and abrasion resistance fell.
- Test No. is a comparative example. Since 11-b has a cross-sectional hardness lower than 200 HV, it is considered that the punched surface properties deteriorated (sagging) and the wear resistance decreased.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the coiling temperature is higher than 700 ° C., so that the surface decarburization proceeds and the particle size of the carbide deposited on the surface layer is reduced, and it is considered that the surface was softened in the rapid thermal quench test.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the heating temperature during hot rolling is less than 1200 ° C.
- carbide solution is insufficient and fine precipitation is suppressed, the amount of carbide precipitated on the surface layer is reduced, and wear resistance is reduced.
- wear resistance is reduced.
- Test No. is a comparative example. 12-a and no.
- 12-b since the C content is more than 0.08%, the hard structure becomes large and the punched surface properties deteriorate, and it is considered that the surface was softened in the rapid thermal quench test.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the coiling temperature is less than 550 ° C., so that the carbide deposited on the surface layer is coarsened, the punchability is lowered, and the punched surface properties are deteriorated.
- Test No. is a comparative example. 13-c has a coiling temperature of less than 550 ° C., so that the carbides deposited on the surface layer become finer, the hard structure becomes larger, the material hardens, the punching surface properties deteriorate, and the rapid thermal quench test It is thought that the surface was softened.
- Test No. is a comparative example. In No. 20, since the C content is more than 0.08%, the hard structure becomes large, the punched surface properties are deteriorated, and the wear resistance is considered to be lowered.
- Test No. is a comparative example. 34 and no. No. 35 has a C content of more than 0.08%, so that the hard structure becomes large, the punched surface properties deteriorate, and the wear resistance is considered to have deteriorated.
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- the S content is more than 0.01%, so that the punching surface properties are deteriorated and the wear resistance is lowered.
- test No. which is this example. 11-a, no. 13-a, test no. 27 and test no. 31 and test No. 31 as a comparative example. 9, Test No. 10, test no. 12-c and test no. No. 34 was actually processed into the shape of a separate plate. These samples were then used as SAE-No. A clutch performance test was performed with a two-tester, and the presence or absence of heat spots was visually observed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、C:0.03~0.08%、Si:0~1.0%、Mn:0.2~0.8%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.01%以下およびAl:0.05%以下を(1)式を満たすように含有し、かつ、Nb:0.03~0.4%、V:0.01~0.3%およびTi:0.01~0.3%のうちの少なくとも1種を(2)式を満たすように含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる化学成分であり、
析出物であるNb、VおよびTiのうちのいずれかを含む炭化物の平均粒径が20~100nmであり、
断面組織において、長径が5μm以上の大きさの第2相組織の面積率が5%以下であり、
断面硬さ200HV以上350HVである
ことを特徴とする冷延鋼板。
5×C%-Si%+Mn%-1.5×Al%<1・・・(1)
0.04<(Nb%÷1.4)+(V%÷1.1)+Ti%<0.3・・・(2) - 質量%で、Cr:0.10~2.0%、Ni:0.05~0.5%、Mo:0.05~0.5%およびB:0.0002~0.002%の少なくとも1種を(3)式を満たすように含有する化学成分である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の冷延鋼板。
5×C%-Si%+Mn%+1.6×Cr%+0.8×Ni%-1.5×Al%<1・・・(3) - 鋼板表面から少なくとも200μmまでの表層部における析出物であるNb、VおよびTiのうちのいずれかを含む炭化物の平均粒径が20~100nmである
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の冷延鋼板。 - 請求項1または2記載の化学成分の鋼スラブを溶製し、
この鋼スラブを1200℃以上に加熱し熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とし、
この熱延鋼板を550~700℃で巻き取って熱延コイルとし、
この熱延コイルを、冷間圧延するか、または、焼鈍および冷間圧延することにより、断面硬さを200~350HVにする
ことを特徴とする冷延鋼板の製造方法。
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US14/764,645 US10144994B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-01-23 | Cold-rolled steel plate and method of manufacturing the same |
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US10246764B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
JP5618432B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2952607A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
CN104955973A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
JP2014167158A (ja) | 2014-09-11 |
US20170226607A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
KR20150099868A (ko) | 2015-09-01 |
EP2952607A4 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
US20150368764A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
US10144994B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
KR101709428B1 (ko) | 2017-02-22 |
CN104955973B (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
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