WO2014115397A1 - 光センサおよび電子機器 - Google Patents
光センサおよび電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014115397A1 WO2014115397A1 PCT/JP2013/080247 JP2013080247W WO2014115397A1 WO 2014115397 A1 WO2014115397 A1 WO 2014115397A1 JP 2013080247 W JP2013080247 W JP 2013080247W WO 2014115397 A1 WO2014115397 A1 WO 2014115397A1
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- ratio
- light
- light receiving
- optical sensor
- detection target
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
- G01V8/20—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
- G06F3/0421—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
- G01V8/12—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical sensor suitably used as a proximity sensor or a gesture sensor, and an electronic device using the optical sensor.
- the optical sensor has a function of detecting a detection object and detecting a distance from the detection object, and the field of application is expanding.
- Electronic devices such as mobile phones (including smartphones) and digital cameras are equipped with a liquid crystal panel for displaying images.
- a liquid crystal panel for displaying images.
- electronic devices that include a touch panel so that a touch operation can be performed on a liquid crystal panel.
- some mobile phones are equipped with a proximity sensor that detects that a person's face is approaching the mobile phone in a sound output unit that is touched by an ear. This proximity sensor is used to turn off the touch panel operation when the face approaches the liquid crystal panel in order to reduce the power consumption of the mobile phone and prevent the malfunction of the touch panel.
- an optical sensor that detects the movement of a human hand in addition to the proximity sensor as described above.
- Such a gesture sensor detects the movement of the hand on the touch panel in a non-contact manner.
- the liquid crystal panel can be operated in the same manner even when a glove or the like that is difficult to react to the touch panel is attached.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a reflective optical sensor as an optical sensor that detects the movement of an object.
- this optical sensor includes a light emitting element 301 and two light receiving elements 302 and 303, and the light receiving elements 302 and 303 are arranged on both sides of the light emitting element 301.
- the detection target 304 is on the right side, the reflected light from the detection target is strongly applied to the light receiving element 301.
- the detection target 304 is on the left side, the reflected light from the detection target 304 strikes the light receiving elements 302 and 303 strongly. Then, the position and movement of the detection object 304 can be detected by reading the difference between the photocurrents generated by the two light receiving elements 302 and 303.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a gesture sensor including a plurality of sections of optical sensors and a control circuit that processes current output from each of the optical sensors.
- the conventional optical sensor has a problem that it is difficult to accurately detect the movement of the detection target without depending on the change in the relative arrangement relationship between the optical sensor and the detection target.
- an electronic device equipped with a gesture sensor as described above uses a human hand as a detection target
- the amount of light received by the optical sensor changes depending on a change in the relative angle of the human hand with respect to the gesture sensor. So you need to react to such hand movements.
- the reflected light input to the optical sensor is significantly reduced when the distance between the hands, which are detection objects, increases. Even in such a case, the gesture sensor accurately detects the movement of the object. It is required that it can be determined.
- the optical sensor is a specific for accurately detecting the motion of an object regardless of a change in the relative positional relationship between the optical sensor and the object to be detected. No measures are shown.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to accurately detect the movement of the detection object without depending on the change in the relative positional relationship between the optical sensor and the detection object. It is to provide an optical sensor or the like that can be used.
- an optical sensor is blocked by reflected light generated by irradiating a detection target with light emitted from a light-emitting element or by the detection target.
- a plurality of light receiving elements that generate a photocurrent when incident light from the outside that has not entered is included, and among the plurality of light receiving elements, the sum of the photocurrents of at least two light receiving elements arranged in parallel along a specific direction
- the absolute value of the ratio between the photocurrents of the at least two light receiving elements is compared with a predetermined threshold value, and the comparison means determines that the absolute value of the ratio is larger than the predetermined threshold value.
- a moving direction determining means for determining that the specific direction is the moving direction of the detection object.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the principal part of the optical sensor which concerns on Embodiment 1 (or Embodiment 3) of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the mounting structure of the light receiving / emitting unit which concerns on the optical sensor which concerns on Embodiment 1 (or Embodiment 3) of this invention, (a) is the reflection type light emitting / receiving based on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The mounting structure of a unit is shown, (b) shows the mounting structure of the transmission type light emitting / receiving unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view for explaining a detection target of the optical sensor of FIG. 3 and a moving direction of a detection target detected by the optical sensor, wherein (a) and (c) are views from a light emitting element in the optical sensor of FIG. 3 shows changes in the positional relationship between the light spot formed by the emitted light and the detection target;
- FIGS. 4 are views from a light emitting element in the optical sensor of FIG. 3 shows changes in the positional relationship between the light spot formed by the emitted light and the detection target;
- 3B and 3D show reflected light from the detection target of the light spot on the light receiving element in the optical sensor of FIG.
- (E) shows an example (four directions) of the moving direction of the detection object detected by the optical sensor, and (f) shows the moving direction of the detection object detected by the optical sensor. Another example (8 directions) is shown.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of the optical sensor according to the embodiment (Embodiments 1 to 3) of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 as follows. Descriptions of configurations other than those described in the following specific embodiments may be omitted as necessary, but are the same as those configurations when described in other embodiments. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those shown in each embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof is omitted as appropriate. In addition, the shape of the configuration described in each drawing and the dimensions such as length, size, and width do not reflect the actual shape and dimensions, and are appropriately set for clarity and simplification of the drawings. It has changed.
- a proximity sensor mounted on a smartphone or the like will be described as an example of the optical sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such a form.
- the present invention can be applied to a gesture sensor that detects the movement of a human hand.
- Embodiment 1 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A to 6.
- FIG. 1 Embodiment 1 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A to 6.
- FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view showing a mounting structure of light emitting elements LED and light receiving elements DPD (light receiving elements PD1 to PD4) in a light receiving and emitting unit 90 provided in the optical sensor 101 of the present embodiment to be described later.
- the light emitting / receiving unit 90 of this embodiment is a reflection type optical sensor
- the form which can apply this invention is not limited to such a reflection type optical sensor.
- a transmission type optical sensor such as a light emitting / receiving unit 90A according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention described later is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the light receiving / emitting unit 90 includes a light emitting element LED, a light receiving element DPD (light receiving elements PD1 to PD4), a substrate 91, a sealing member 92, a light emitting lens portion 92a, and a light receiving lens portion 92b.
- a light emitting element LED is mounted on the substrate 91 at an appropriate interval.
- the light emitting element LED is constituted by a light emitting diode.
- the light receiving element PDP is configured by OPIC (Optical IC) (registered trademark) in which a plurality of photodiodes or phototransistors and a signal processing circuit or an LED driver circuit are integrated.
- the sealing member 92 is formed on the substrate 91 so as to cover the light emitting element LED or the light receiving element DPD.
- the sealing member 92 is formed of a transparent resin material or a visible light cut resin material that transmits a light emission wavelength of the light emitting element LED and cuts a visible light component, and has a light emitting lens portion 92a and a light receiving lens portion on the surface. 92b.
- the light emitting lens portion 92a is a convex lens formed in a hemispherical shape on the light emitting side of the light emitting element LED, and focuses light emitted from the light emitting element LED to a predetermined position or converts it into parallel light. The light is emitted as follows.
- the light receiving lens portion 92b is a convex lens formed in a hemispherical shape on the light incident side of the light receiving element DPD, and focuses the reflected light reflected from the detection target 100 onto the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4.
- the light emitting lens portion 92a and the light receiving lens portion 92b are not necessarily required.
- Patent Document 2 by providing directionality with a metal layer or the like on the light receiving element, it is possible to change the photocurrent output amount of each light receiving element depending on the position of the object to be detected. It is. However, in such a structure that creates a shadow on the light receiving element, the signal light component emitted from the light emitting element is significantly reduced.
- the light receiving element DPD includes light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 arranged in a grid (matrix), and each light receiving element is a detection target as described later.
- the photocurrent changes according to the position of the object 100. That is, the light receiving element DPD of the present embodiment is a four-divided light receiving element, and is composed of four light receiving elements PD1 to PD4.
- the structure of the light receiving element PDP is not limited to the structure of the present embodiment. In any structure, the operation of the detection object accurately without depending on the positional relationship between the optical sensor 101 and the detection object 100 (including the distance between these components and the relative angle of the human hand). Can be determined. Further, for example, although the moving direction to be detected is limited to one direction, the light receiving element DPD may be a light receiving element in which at least two PDs are arranged in an array.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the optical sensor 101 according to the present embodiment.
- the optical sensor 101 includes a light receiving / emitting unit 90 (including a light receiving element DPD (light receiving elements PD1 to PD4), a light emitting element LED (Light Emitting Diode), etc.), an integrating circuit 1a to 1d, and an AD converter 2a. 2d, arithmetic circuit 3, register 4, control circuit 5, interface 6, control unit 7, LED driving circuit 8 and oscillator 9.
- the integrating circuits 1a to 1d are circuits that integrate the photocurrents input from the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 constituting the light receiving element DPD.
- the AD converters 2a to 2d have a function of performing AD conversion (analog / digital conversion) on the output signal from the integration circuit.
- the integrating circuits 1a to 1d and AD converters 2a to 2d accurately convert the photocurrent signals input from the light receiving elements PD1 to 4, respectively, and easily process the signals output from the light receiving elements DPD in electronic equipment. Any circuit and AD converter can be used as long as they are converted into digital values, and there is no particular limitation.
- a double integration circuit or the like can be listed as an example of the integration circuits 1a to 1d
- a ⁇ conversion circuit or the like can be listed as an example of the AD converters 2a to 2d.
- the control circuit 5 is a circuit that controls the operation of the entire optical sensor 101 based on the reference clock from the oscillator 9. For example, the control circuit 5 generates a control signal to the LED drive circuit 8 for driving the light emitting element LED, and controls each of the integration circuits 1a to 1d and the AD converters 2a to 2d so as to be synchronized with this signal. A signal is also generated. It is also used when operating the arithmetic circuit 3 to be described later in time series, and has a function of transmitting a data capture signal to the register 4 when the measurement period in the integration circuits 1a to 1d is over. . The details of the configuration and operation of the control circuit 5 will be described later.
- the register 4 has a function of holding a digital value corresponding to the AD-converted photoelectric flow rate.
- the register 4 can be configured by a sequential circuit (flip-flop), for example, but is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 3A, in this embodiment, the register 4 is connected to the AD converters 2a to 2d via the arithmetic circuit 3. However, it is not necessary to be limited to such a form. For example, only a digital value corresponding to the photoelectric flow rate directly converted by the AD converters 2a to 2d is held in the register 4, and the calculation is performed via an interface 6 described later.
- the control unit 7 (CPU) capable of performing arithmetic processing or the like may be used.
- FIG. 3B is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the arithmetic circuit 3.
- the arithmetic circuit 3 includes addition circuits 31a to 31e (addition circuits 1 to 5), subtraction circuits 32a and 32b (subtraction circuits 1 and 2), and division circuits 33a and 33b (division circuit 1). , 2).
- the adder circuits 31a to 31d output the sum of the inputs A and B, respectively.
- the adder circuit 31e is a circuit that outputs the sum of inputs A, B, C, and D.
- the subtraction circuits 32a and 32b output the difference between the input A and the input B.
- the output of the subtractor circuit 32a is output AB ⁇ (IN1 + IN2) ⁇ (IN3 + IN4).
- the output of the subtraction circuit 32b is output AB ⁇ (IN2 + IN3) ⁇ (IN1 + IN4).
- the division circuits 33a and 33b output the division of the input A and the input B.
- the configuration of the interface 6 is not particularly limited.
- a circuit that outputs a digital value output from the register 4 in synchronization with an external serial clock SCL as I2C as serial data SDA may be used.
- an optical pulse signal for example, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal
- the light emitting element LED of the present embodiment emits light at a predetermined period based on the light pulse signal, and outputs an infrared light pulse.
- the main part of the optical sensor 101 includes the register 4, the control circuit 5, the interface 6, and the control unit 7 (CPU: Central Processing Unit).
- the control circuit 5 includes a first comparator (another comparison means) 51, a storage circuit 52, and a second comparator (comparison means) 53.
- the control unit 7 includes a determination rejection determination unit 71, an FLG setting unit 72, and a movement direction determination unit (movement direction determination means) 73.
- the first comparator 51 compares the input Z (sum of photocurrents) input from the register 4 with a predetermined current value Z_th, and the result (Z comparison result) of the control unit 7 via the interface 6. The data is transferred to the determination rejection determination unit 71.
- ⁇ Second comparator 53> The second comparator 53 compares the output Ratio_X, Y (ratio) input from the register 4 with a predetermined threshold Ratio_th, and the result (R comparison result) is moved by the control unit 7 via the interface 6. It passes to the direction determination part 73.
- the sign of the ratio (Ratio_X, etc.) can be positive or negative.
- the comparison in the second comparator 53 which will be described later, theoretically requires setting a threshold Ratio_th having a positive sign. become.
- Ratio_X if the sign of Ratio_X is positive, it is directly compared with a threshold Ratio_th having a positive sign, and if the sign of Ratio_X is negative, the absolute value of Ratio_X is taken. Compared with the threshold Ratio_th having a positive sign, it may be determined whether or not the absolute value of Ratio_X exceeds the threshold Ratio_th having a positive sign regardless of the sign of Ratio_X.
- the determination rejection determination unit 71 determines whether or not to perform a process of determining the movement direction of the detection target 100 based on the Z comparison result. More specifically, if the output Z ⁇ Z_th, the determination process is performed. On the other hand, if the output Z ⁇ Z_th, the determination process is not performed.
- the FLG setting unit 72 sets the values of S_FLG and ME_FLG.
- ⁇ Moving direction determination unit 73> After the second comparator 53 determines that the output Ratio_X is larger than the threshold Ratio_th having the same sign as the output Ratio_X, the moving direction determination unit 73 further determines that the absolute value of another output Ratio_X having a sign different from that of the output Ratio_X is When it is determined that the threshold value Ratio_th of the same code is larger than the absolute value of -Ratio_th (another threshold value) having a different code, the moving direction of the detection target 100 is determined. According to said structure, the moving direction determination part 73 is comprised so that the moving direction of the detection target object 100 may be determined using the determination result of 2 times.
- the moving direction of the detection target object 100 can be determined more accurately than the configuration in which the moving direction of the detection target object 100 is determined by only one of the comparisons of the output Ratio_X and the threshold Ratio_th.
- an optical pulse signal for example, a PWM signal
- the light emitting element LED emits light at a predetermined period based on the light pulse signal, and outputs an infrared light pulse.
- the detection object 100 When the detection object 100 is not located in the optical path of the light emitted from the light emitting element LED, the light emitted from the light emitting element LED proceeds as it is. For this reason, the light receiving element DPD does not receive the reflected light from the detection object 100 and only the ambient light is incident thereon, so that the incident light amounts of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 are small. In this case, the detection object 100 is not detected.
- the detection object 100 approaches the light emitting / receiving unit 90 and reaches the position of the optical path of the light emitted from the light emitting element LED, the light emitted from the light emitting element LED is reflected by the detection object 100.
- the detection target 100 When the detection target 100 reaches the position where the light path is completely blocked and all the light from the light emitting element LED is reflected, the detection target 100 comes closest to the light emitting / receiving unit 90, so that the amount of reflected light is maximized in this state.
- the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 receive the reflected light from the detection target 100, thereby increasing the amount of incident light and generating a photocurrent proportional to the amount of incident light.
- the photocurrents generated by the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 are integrated by the integrating circuits 1a to 1d.
- the integrated values from the integrating circuits 1a to 1d are converted into digital integrated values by the AD converters 2a to 2d, respectively.
- the arithmetic circuit 3 outputs a detection signal for detecting the proximity of the detection target 100 based on the digital integration values from the AD converters 2a to 2d. Further, the detection signal is output from the interface 6 to the control unit 7.
- the optical sensor 101 When the optical sensor 101 is used as a proximity sensor, it outputs a detection signal when the detection object 100 approaches. On the other hand, the optical sensor 101 detects the movement of the detection target 100 when used as a gesture sensor.
- FIG. 4 and (c) in FIG. 4 are plan views showing changes in the positional relationship between the light spot S formed by the emitted light (irradiated light) from the light emitting element LED and the detection object 100. It is. 4B and 4D are plan views showing a state in which the reflected light from the detection target 100 of the light spot S is incident on the light receiving element DPD in the light receiving and emitting unit.
- the light receiving element DPD is a four-divided light receiving element, and is composed of four light receiving elements, the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 (see FIG. 4B and FIG. 4D). .
- the reflected light from the detection target object 100 depends on the position of the detection target object 100 as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (d).
- the shape of the image in which the (light spot S) is projected onto the light receiving element DPD changes. Therefore, it is possible to detect at which position the detection object 100 is present with respect to the light emitting / receiving unit 90 by measuring the amount of light incident on each of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 constituting the light receiving element DPD.
- the light receiving element DPD a split type DPD having a total of four light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 is adopted as the light receiving element DPD.
- the number of PDs constituting the light receiving element DPD is limited to four.
- the light receiving element DPD may include at least two or more PDs.
- the detection target 100 moves from the right to the left with respect to the light spot S formed by the light emitted from the light emitting element LED will be described.
- the reflected light of the light spot S from the detection target 100 is projected onto the light receiving element DPD as an inverted image by the light receiving lens portion 92 b (convex lens) of the light receiving and emitting unit 90.
- the reflected light is projected onto the light receiving elements PD2 and PD3 when the detection object 100 is approaching from the right direction.
- the light receiving elements PD2 and PD3 generate a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
- the reflected light is projected onto all the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4.
- the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 generate a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
- the reflected light is projected onto the light receiving elements PD1 and PD4 when the detection object 100 moves away to the left. At this time, the light receiving elements PD1 and PD4 generate a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of incident light.
- the detection target 100 moves from the upper right to the lower left with respect to the light spot S formed by the light emitted from the light emitting element LED will be described.
- the reflected light of the light spot S from the detection target 100 is projected onto the light receiving element DPD as an inverted image by the light receiving lens portion 92 b of the light receiving and emitting unit 90.
- the reflected light is mainly projected onto the light receiving element PD3 when the detection target 100 is approaching from the upper right.
- the light receiving element PD3 generates a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
- the reflected light is projected onto all the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4.
- the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 generate a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
- the reflected light is projected onto the light receiving element PD1 in a state where the detection object 100 moves diagonally downward to the left. At this time, the light receiving element PD1 generates a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
- each of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 of the light receiving element DPD changes according to the position of the detection target 100 with respect to the light spot S
- each of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 of the light receiving element DPD accordingly.
- Each of the photocurrents also changes.
- the relative positional relationship between the light emitting / receiving unit 90 and the detection target 100 can be determined based on the photocurrents of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4.
- the moving speed and direction of the detection target object 100 can also be detected.
- the black portion and the hatched portion of the image projected onto the light receiving element DPD indicate a portion having a high light intensity and a portion having a low light intensity, respectively.
- the movement direction of the detection object detected by the optical sensor 101 is two directions [detection of (a) in FIG. 4 and (b) in FIG. 4] such as directions X and Y shown in FIG. Correspond to the pattern], and as shown in FIG. 4 (f), there are 8 directions D1 to D8 (corresponding to the detection patterns of FIG. 4 (a) to FIG. 4 (d)). May be.
- the maximum value is 1 and the minimum value is ⁇ 1
- the threshold value for determining the moving direction can be shared with the X direction and the Y direction.
- the hardware scale for setting the threshold can be reduced.
- the amount of received light signal (the amount of received light) changes depending on whether the detection object 100 is near or far.
- 5 (a) to 5 (c) show changes in the amount of received light signal when the detection target 100 crosses the light receiving / emitting unit 90 at a constant speed.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows a case where the total of the photoelectric flow rates I1 to I4 corresponding to the output photocurrents of the light receiving elements PD1 to PD4 is measured at a sufficient speed using the light emitting / receiving unit 90.
- It is a graph of. 5A is a time axis when the detection target 100 is moving. That is, it represents a change in the amount of received light signal due to a change in the relative positional relationship between the light emitting / receiving unit 90 and the detection target 100.
- the solid line in FIG. 5A indicates a state in which the detection target 100 crosses the vicinity of the light emitting / receiving unit 90.
- the broken line indicates a state in which the detection object 100 has crossed the distance of the light emitting / receiving unit 90.
- the amount of received light signal increases when the detection target 100 is at a short distance, and the amount of received light signal decreases when the detection target 100 is far away.
- the amplitude of the difference X changes depending on whether the detection object 100 crosses a short distance or a long distance. This leads to a difference in determination of the moving direction between a long distance and a short distance. For example, when a certain threshold value is set for the difference X and the movement direction of the detection target 100 is determined when the threshold value is exceeded, the threshold value needs to be lowered so that it can be determined even with a small amplitude at a long distance.
- an optical sensor reacts under the influence of ambient light.
- the S / N ratio may deteriorate due to noise in the light receiving element or the sensor circuit. If the threshold value is lowered, an event may occur in which the moving direction of the detection target 100 cannot be erroneously determined or determined due to the influence of such disturbance light or noise.
- FIG. 5C shows the value of Ratio_X.
- the vertical axis is the vertical axis and the time axis is the horizontal axis, and the change in Ratio_X is graphed.
- the waveform of the graph shown in the figure does not depend on the distance of the detection target 100 and hardly changes.
- the maximum amplitude is 1 and the minimum is -1.
- Ratio_th is set for Ratio_X, the moving direction of the detection target object 100 can be accurately determined without depending on the detection distance.
- the optical sensor is made of an IC chip and has manufacturing variations. Even if the light receiving sensitivity increases or decreases due to manufacturing variations, the value for determining the moving direction is determined by the ratio, so that the variation component is compressed.
- Ratio_X corresponds to the output OUT2 of the arithmetic circuit 3 described above
- Ratio_Y corresponds to OUT1.
- Z corresponds to the output OUT3 of the arithmetic circuit 3.
- the human hand when crossing the light sensor by hand, the human hand does not necessarily move horizontally on the light sensor. For example, even when the distance between the optical sensor and the hand is not kept constant, that is, when the hand crosses the optical sensor obliquely in the vertical direction, the Ratio_X or Ratio_Y value is output regardless of the distance of the detection object. Therefore, the moving direction of the hand can be accurately determined.
- (d) of FIG. 5 shows a case where the moving speed of the detection object 100 is faster than that of (c) of FIG.
- the time interval t1'-t2 ' is shorter than the time interval t1-t2.
- Each of the time interval t1-t2 and the time interval t1'-t2 ' indicates a time interval at which the sign of the threshold Ratio_X is inverted.
- the speed that is, the moving speed of the detection target object 100
- the movement speed of the detection target object 100 can be specified by dividing the distance between two PDs arranged in parallel by the time interval.
- the optical sensor 101 is activated.
- the optical sensor 101 incorporates a digital circuit
- the initial setting from the control unit 7 is also executed at this time.
- control unit 7 acquires data corresponding to the received light signal and executes arithmetic processing.
- the optical sensor 101 performs arithmetic processing, and the control unit 7 reads out the result from the interface.
- the control unit 7 determines the moving direction of the detection target object 100 using the raw data of each received light signal. Basically, measurement, data acquisition, and calculation processing are repeatedly executed regardless of whether or not the determination is made.
- Z_th is a threshold value (current value) for Z and is determined in consideration of the S / N ratio of the optical sensor 101 and the like.
- Ratio_X is the ratio of the difference in photocurrent to the sum of the photocurrents described above.
- Ratio_th assumes the determination in two directions in FIG. 4E, and sets a threshold value of Ratio_X and / or Ratio_Y.
- the storage circuit 52 shown in FIG. 1 is a storage circuit for storing the states of S_FLG and ME_FLG.
- X + and X- may be set to 1 or 2 on the program. In order to represent the initial state, there is a state in which the initial value of ME_FLG is 0.
- the determination rejection determination unit 71 receives the Z comparison result from the first comparator 51 via the interface 6, and determines whether or not to determine the moving direction of the detection target 100 (S2).
- Ratio_X when the Ratio_X is positive, the moving direction determination unit 73 compares Ratio_X with Ratio_th (positive value), and if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th, the process proceeds to S10. At this time, it may be determined from which side the detection object 100 comes. On the other hand, if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th, the process proceeds to S12.
- the moving direction determination unit 73 compares Ratio_X with ⁇ Ratio_th (negative value) when Ratio_X is negative, and proceeds to S13 if Ratio_X ⁇ ⁇ Ratio_th. At this time, it may be determined from which side the detection object 100 comes. On the other hand, if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th, the process proceeds to S8.
- the moving direction determination unit 73 compares Ratio_X with Ratio_th (positive value) when Ratio_X is positive, and proceeds to S5 if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th. On the other hand, if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th, the process proceeds to S14.
- the movement direction determination unit 73 confirms the value of ME_FLG read from the storage circuit 52. If X ⁇ is set in ME_FLG, the process proceeds to S6, and the movement direction determination unit 73 determines that the detection target is left. It is determined that it has moved to the right. Thereafter, the process proceeds to S7, where the FLG setting unit 72 initializes all the FLGs and proceeds to S8.
- the movement direction determination unit 73 compares Ratio_X with -Ratio_th (negative value) when Ratio_X is negative, and proceeds to S15 if Ratio_X ⁇ -Ratio_th. On the other hand, if Ratio_X ⁇ Ratio_th, the process proceeds to S8.
- the movement direction determination unit 73 confirms the value of ME_FLG read from the storage circuit 52. If X + is set in ME_FLG, the process proceeds to S16, and the movement direction determination unit 73 determines that the detection target is from the right. It is determined that it has moved to the left. Thereafter, the process proceeds to S7, where the FLG setting unit 72 initializes all the FLGs and proceeds to S8.
- Ratio_X in which the sign is reversed is obtained (S4, S5, S14, S15).
- X + is first set to ME_FLG (S10).
- the moving direction determination part 73 uses ratio Ratio_X with respect to the sum of the said photocurrent for determination of the moving direction of the detection target object 100, and sets predetermined
- the change with respect to time of the sum of the photocurrents is the amount of light received due to a change in the relative arrangement relationship between the light receiving element DPD and the detection object 100 (such as an error in the amount of light received due to a change in the distance or the angle of the human hand). [See FIG. 5 (a)].
- the difference in the photocurrent varies depending on whether the detection object 100 crosses a short distance or a long distance (see FIG. 5B).
- the relative arrangement relationship (distance, hand angle, etc.) between the light receiving element DPD and the detection object 100 can be determined from the amplitude of the detected photocurrent.
- the influence of the change in the amount of received light due to the change can be eliminated.
- the moving direction of the detection target 100 is determined by the above Ratio_X, and thus the variation component is compressed. . Further, the sum and difference of the photocurrents may deteriorate the S / N ratio due to disturbances such as noise. However, since the moving direction of the detection target 100 is determined by the above Ratio_X, the influence of these disturbances Will also be offset. As described above, the movement of the detection object 100 can be accurately detected without depending on the change in the relative arrangement relationship between the light receiving element DPD and the detection object 100.
- Embodiment 2 Embodiment 2 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
- the optical sensor of the present embodiment is different from the optical sensor 101 of the first embodiment only in that a control unit 7a and a timer 75 are provided instead of the control unit 7. For this reason, since the configuration other than the control unit 7a is as described in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the control unit 7a is different from the control unit 7 in that it includes a moving speed determination unit (moving speed specifying means) 74. For this reason, since it is as having demonstrated the structure other than the moving speed determination part 74 of the control part 7a in Embodiment 1, description is abbreviate
- the moving speed determination unit 74 refers to the length of the period in which the sign of Ratio_X is inverted (see time interval t1-t2 in FIG. 5C or time interval t1′-t2 ′ in FIG. 5D). ) May specify the moving speed of the detection object 100.
- the moving speed determination unit 74 starts the timer 75. Thereafter, the movement speed can be determined by measuring the time (S6, S16) required for determining the right direction or the left direction.
- the data of the light emitting / receiving unit 90 is acquired from the control unit 7a via the interface 6, it has a certain sampling rate. This is equivalent to determining the moving speed based on how many times the sampling direction has been determined after exceeding the threshold value first.
- the figure shows a form (the light emitting / receiving unit 90A) in which the present invention is applied to a transmission type light emitting / receiving unit.
- the reflective light emitting / receiving unit included in the optical sensor of the first or second embodiment may be a transmissive light emitting / receiving unit.
- the change with respect to time of the sum of the photocurrents is a change in the relative arrangement relationship between the light receiving element DPD and the detection object 100 (such as a human hand).
- the detection object 100 such as a human hand.
- it has a correlation with a change in the amount of received light due to a change in the angle of a human hand.
- the difference of the photocurrents is divided by the sum of the photocurrents, it is caused by the change in the amount of received light due to the change in the relative arrangement relationship between the light receiving element DPD and the detection object 100 from the amplitude of the detected photocurrent. The influence can be removed.
- the moving direction of the detection target 100 is determined by the above Ratio_X, and thus the variation component is compressed. . Further, the sum and difference of the photocurrents may deteriorate the S / N ratio due to disturbances such as noise. However, since the moving direction of the detection target 100 is determined by the above Ratio_X, the influence of these disturbances Will also be offset.
- Embodiment 4 Embodiment 4 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the configuration of the smartphone 201 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- a smartphone 201 as an electronic device is configured by incorporating a liquid crystal panel 203 and a touch panel 204 in a housing 202.
- the liquid crystal panel 203 is provided on the operation surface side of the housing 202.
- the touch panel 204 is provided on the liquid crystal panel 203.
- the audio output unit 205 and the light emitting / receiving unit 90 or the light emitting / receiving unit 90A are arranged on the upper part of the operation surface of the housing 202.
- the audio output unit 205 is provided for outputting audio when using the smartphone 201 as a telephone and various sounds according to the operation of the application program.
- the light emitting / receiving units 90 and 90A are light emitting / receiving units provided to detect the proximity of the detection target 100 (for example, the user's face) or to detect a gesture operation.
- an electronic device including the light emitting and receiving units 90 and 90A that can accurately detect the movement of the detection target 100 without depending on the distance from the detection target 100 can be realized.
- control blocks of the optical sensor 101 may be realized by a logic circuit (hardware) formed in an integrated circuit (IC chip) or the like, or a CPU It may be realized by software using
- the optical sensor 101 includes a CPU that executes instructions of a program that is software that realizes each function, a ROM (Read Only Memory) in which the program and various data are recorded so as to be readable by a computer (or CPU), or A storage device (these are referred to as “recording media”), a RAM (Random Access Memory) for expanding the program, and the like are provided.
- a computer or CPU
- the recording medium a “non-temporary tangible medium” such as a tape, a disk, a card, a semiconductor memory, a programmable logic circuit, or the like can be used.
- the program may be supplied to the computer via an arbitrary transmission medium (such as a communication network or a broadcast wave) that can transmit the program.
- a transmission medium such as a communication network or a broadcast wave
- the present invention can also be realized in the form of a data signal embedded in a carrier wave in which the program is embodied by electronic transmission.
- the optical sensor (101) according to the first aspect of the present invention is blocked by reflected light generated by irradiating the detection target (100) with light emitted from the light emitting element (LED) or by the detection target.
- a moving method for determining that the specific direction is the moving direction of the detection object when the comparison means determines that the absolute value of the ratio is larger than the predetermined threshold value.
- a specifying means (movement direction determining section 74).
- the moving direction determining means uses the ratio of the difference with respect to the sum of the photocurrents to determine the moving direction of the detection target, sets a predetermined threshold for the ratio, and compares these values. Is configured to do.
- the change with respect to time of the sum of the photocurrents described above is the amount of light received due to a change in the relative positional relationship between the optical sensor and the detection target (such as an error in the amount of light received due to a change in the distance or the angle of the human hand) Correlates with changes [see FIG. 5 (a)].
- the difference in the photocurrent varies depending on whether the detection target crosses a short distance or a long distance (see FIG. 5B).
- the influence of the change in the amount of received light due to the change in the relative positional relationship between the photosensor and the detection target object is detected from the amplitude of the detected photocurrent. Can be removed.
- the moving direction of the detection target is determined by the above ratio, so that the variation component is compressed. Further, the sum and difference of the photocurrents may deteriorate the S / N ratio due to disturbances such as noise. However, since the moving direction of the detection target is determined by the above ratio, the influence of these disturbances is also affected. Will be offset.
- An optical sensor according to aspect 2 of the present invention is the optical sensor according to aspect 1, further comprising another comparison unit that compares the sum of the photocurrents with a predetermined current value.
- the comparison means determines that the sum of the photocurrents is smaller than the predetermined current value, the moving direction of the detection target may not be determined.
- the moving direction of the detection target is determined by the above ratio, the variation component is compressed and the influence of the disturbance is also offset.
- the effect of offsetting the effects of is high. Therefore, according to the above configuration, for example, it is possible to more accurately determine the moving direction of the detection target by reducing the manufacturing variation of the light receiving element, the error in the amount of received light due to the hand angle, and the influence of disturbance. it can.
- An optical sensor according to aspect 3 of the present invention is the above-described aspect 1 or 2, wherein there are two types of sign of the ratio, positive and negative, and the moving direction determination means includes the comparison means, After determining that the absolute value of the ratio is greater than a threshold having a positive sign, and further determining that the absolute value of another ratio having a different sign from the ratio is greater than the threshold having a positive sign The moving direction of the detection object may be determined.
- the moving direction determination means determines the moving direction of the detection object using the comparison result between the absolute value of the ratio of at least two degrees until the sign of the ratio is inverted and the threshold value having a positive sign. It is configured to determine. For this reason, it is possible to determine the moving direction of the detection object more accurately than the configuration in which the movement direction of the detection object is determined by only one of the above comparisons.
- the optical sensor according to aspect 4 of the present invention may further include a moving speed specifying unit that specifies the moving speed of the detection target object from the length of the period in which the sign of the ratio is inverted in the aspect 3. .
- the moving speed of the detection target can be accurately specified with a simple configuration.
- the optical sensor according to aspect 5 of the present invention may include any one of the optical sensors according to aspects 1 to 4.
- the optical sensor according to each of the above aspects of the present invention may be realized by a computer.
- the light that causes the computer to realize the optical sensor by operating the computer as each unit included in the optical sensor may be realized by a computer.
- a sensor control program and a computer-readable recording medium on which the control program is recorded also fall within the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention can be suitably used for a proximity sensor using a reflective or transmissive optical sensor and a gesture sensor used for the purpose of detecting the movement of an object.
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Abstract
Description
〔実施形態1〕
本発明に係る実施形態1について、図1、図2の(a)~図6を参照して以下に説明する。
図2の(a)は、後述する本実施形態の光センサ101が備える受発光ユニット90における発光素子LEDおよび受光素子DPD(受光素子PD1~PD4)の実装構造を示す縦断面図である。なお、本実施形態の受発光ユニット90は、反射型の光センサであるが、本発明を適用することが可能な形態は、このような反射型の光センサに限定されない。例えば、後述する本発明の実施形態3の受発光ユニット90Aのように透過型の光センサも本発明の範疇に含まれる。
図3は、本実施形態に係る光センサ101の全体構成を示すブロック図である。同図に示すように、光センサ101は、受発光ユニット90〔受光素子DPD(受光素子PD1~PD4)、発光素子LED(Light Emitting Diode)などを含む〕、積分回路1a~1d、ADコンバータ2a~2d、演算回路3、レジスタ4、制御回路5、インターフェース6、制御部7、LED駆動回路8および発振器9を含む。
積分回路1a~1d(積分回路1~4)は、受光素子DPDを構成する受光素子PD1~4のそれぞれから入力された光電流を積分する回路である。ADコンバータ2a~2d(ADコンバータ1~4)は積分回路からの出力信号をAD変換(アナログ・デジタル変換)する機能を備えている。
積分回路1a~1dおよびADコンバータ2a~2dは、それぞれ、受光素子PD1~4から入力された光電流信号を正確にAD変換し、受光素子DPDから出力される信号を電子機器での処理が容易なデジタル値に変換する回路およびADコンバータであれば良く、特に限定されない。例えば、積分回路1a~1dの例として、2重積分回路など、ADコンバータ2a~2dの例として、ΔΣ変換回路などを挙示することができる。
制御回路5は、発振器9からの基準クロックに基づいて、光センサ101全体の動作を制御する回路である。制御回路5は、例えば、発光素子LEDを駆動するためのLED駆動回路8への制御信号を生成し、この信号に同期するように積分回路1a~1dおよびADコンバータ2a~2dのそれぞれを制御する信号も生成する。また、後述する演算回路3を時系列で動作させる場合にも使用し、積分回路1a~1dでの測定期間が終わったときにレジスタ4にデータ取り込み用の信号を送信する機能も有している。なお、制御回路5の構成および動作の詳細については後述する。
レジスタ4は、AD変換された光電流量に応じたデジタル値を保持する機能を有している。レジスタ4は、例えば、順序回路(フリップフロップ)で構成することができるが、特に限定されない。図3の(a)に示すように、本実施形態では、レジスタ4は、演算回路3を介してADコンバータ2a~2dに接続されている。しかしながら、このような形態に限定される必要はなく、例えば、ADコンバータ2a~2dで直接変換された光電流量に応じたデジタル値のみをレジスタ4で保持し、演算は後述するインターフェース6を介して、演算処理等が可能な制御部7(CPU)で実施しても良い。
次に、演算回路3は、ADコンバータ2a~2dから出力されるデジタル値を演算する機能を備えている。図3の(b)は、演算回路3の構成を示す構成図である。同図に示すように、演算回路3は、加算回路31a~31e(加算回路1~5)、減算回路32a,32b(減算回路1,2)、および割算回路33a,33b(割算回路1,2で)を含む。
インターフェース6の構成は特に限定されない。例えば、I2Cで外部からのシリアルクロックSCLと同期してレジスタ4から出力されるデジタル値をシリアルデータSDAとして出力する回路で構成しても良い。
制御回路5が発振器9からの基準クロックでLED駆動信号を生成すると、LED駆動回路から光パルス信号〔例えば、PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)信号など〕が出力される。本実施形態の発光素子LEDは、光パルス信号に基づいて所定周期で発光して、赤外線の光パルスを出力する。
次に、図1に基づき、光センサ101の主要部の構成の詳細について説明する。同図に示すように、光センサ101の主要部は、上記のレジスタ4、制御回路5、インターフェース6、および制御部7(CPU:Central Processing Unit)を含む。同図に示すように、制御回路5は、第1コンパレータ(別の比較手段)51、記憶回路52、および第2コンパレータ(比較手段)53を含む。また、制御部7は、判定拒否決定部71、FLG設定部72、および移動方向判定部(移動方向判定手段)73を含む。
第1コンパレータ51は、レジスタ4から入力される入力Z(光電流の和)と、所定の電流値Z_thとを比較し、その結果(Z比較結果)を、インターフェース6を介して制御部7の判定拒否決定部71に受け渡す。
記憶回路52には、制御部7のFLG設定部72が設定するフラグであるS_FLGおよびME_FLGの値が、インターフェース6を介して記録される。
第2コンパレータ53は、レジスタ4から入力される出力Ratio_X,Y(比)と、所定の閾値Ratio_thとを比較し、その結果(R比較結果)を、インターフェース6を介して、制御部7の移動方向判定部73に受け渡す。なお、比(Ratio_Xなど)の符号の種類は正・負の2種類が考えられるが、後述する第2コンパレータ53における比較は、理論上は、正の符号を有する閾値Ratio_thを設定すれば良いことになる。より具体的には、以下で説明する比較は、Ratio_Xの符号が正であれば、正の符号を有する閾値Ratio_thとそのまま比較し、Ratio_Xの符号が負であれば、Ratio_Xの絶対値をとって、正の符号を有する閾値Ratio_thと比較し、Ratio_Xの符号に関わらず、Ratio_Xの絶対値が正の符号を有する閾値Ratio_thを超えるか否かを判定すれば良い。
判定拒否決定部71は、Z比較結果に基づき、検知対象物100の移動方向を判定する処理を行うか否かを決定する。より具体的には、出力Z≧Z_thならば、上記判定処理を行う。一方、出力Z<Z_thならば、上記判定処理を行わない。
FLG設定部72は、S_FLGおよびME_FLGの値を設定する。S_FLGの初期値は「0」であるが、S_FLG=0のときに、出力Ratio_X≦-Ratio_th、または、出力Ratio_X≦-Ratio_thと判定されると、「1」に設定され、検知対象物100の移動方向の判定が終了すると初期化される。
移動方向判定部73は、第2コンパレータ53が、上記出力Ratio_Xが出力Ratio_Xと同一符号の閾値Ratio_thよりも大きいと判定した後に、さらに、出力Ratio_Xと符号の異なる別の出力Ratio_Xの絶対値が、上記同一符号の閾値Ratio_thと符号の異なる-Ratio_th(別の閾値)の絶対値よりも大きいと判定した場合に、検知対象物100の移動方向を判定する。上記の構成によれば、移動方向判定部73は、2度の判定結果を用いて検知対象物100の移動方向を判定するように構成されている。このため、出力Ratio_Xと閾値Ratio_thの比較の一方のみにより、検知対象物100の移動方向を判定する構成よりも、より正確に検知対象物100の移動方向を判定することができる。
〔光センサの動作〕
<基本動作>
制御回路5が、発振器9からの基準クロックを用いてLED駆動信号を生成すると、LED駆動回路から光パルス信号(例えば、PWM信号)が出力される。発光素子LEDは、光パルス信号に基づいて所定周期で発光して、赤外線の光パルスを出力する。
次に、図4の(a)および図4の(c)は、発光素子LEDからの出射光(照射光)が形成する光スポットSと検知対象物100との位置関係の変化を示す平面図である。図4の(b)および図4の(d)は、受発光ユニットにおける受光素子DPDに上記の光スポットSの検知対象物100からの反射光が入射した状態を示す平面図である。
次に、光センサ101が検知する検知対象物の移動方向は、図4の(e)に示す方向X,Yのように2方向〔図4の(a)および図4の(b)の検出パターンに対応〕であっても良く、図4の(f)に示すように、方向D1~D8の8方向〔図4の(a)~図4の(d)の検出パターンに対応〕であっても良い。
反射型の光センサの場合、検知対象物100が近くか遠くかで、受光信号量(受光量)が変化する。図5の(a)~図5の(c)は検知対象物100が受発光ユニット90を一定速度で横切った時の、受光信号量の変化を表している。
次に、検知対象物100の移動方向の判定方法の概念を説明する。なお、以下の説明では、検知対象物100の移動方向の判定を実施するのはインターフェース6を介して接続された制御部7が実行するものとして説明する。
定では、S_FLG=1と確認されるため、S4に進む。
上記の構成によれば、移動方向判定部73は、検知対象物100の移動方向の判定に上記光電流の和に対する差の比Ratio_Xを用い、この比に対して所定の閾値Ratio_thを設定し、これらの値を比較するように構成されている。
〔実施形態2〕
本発明に係る実施形態2について、図7を参照して以下に説明する。本実施形態の光センサは、上記の実施形態1の光センサ101と比較して、制御部7に替えて、制御部7aおよびタイマー75を備えている点のみが異なっている。このため、制御部7a以外の構成は、実施形態1で説明したとおりなので、ここでは、説明を省略する。また、制御部7aは、上記の制御部7と比較して、移動速度判定部(移動速度特定手段)74を備えている点で異なる。このため、制御部7aの移動速度判定部74以外の構成については、実施形態1で説明したとおりなので、ここでは、説明を省略する。
移動速度判定部74は、例えば、Ratio_Xの符号が反転する期間の長さ(図5の(c)の時間間隔t1-t2、または、図5の(d)の時間間隔t1’-t2’参照)から検知対象物100の移動速度を特定しても良い。
〔実施形態3〕
本発明に係る実施形態3について、図2の(b)を参照して以下に説明する。同図は、本発明を、透過型の受発光ユニットに適用した形態(受発光ユニット90A)を示している。本実施形態のように、上記の実施形態1または2の光センサが備える反射型の受発光ユニットを透過型の受発光ユニットとしても良い。
〔実施形態4〕
本発明に係る実施形態4について、図8を参照して以下に説明する。なお、本実施形態のスマートフォン(電子機器)201は、上記の実施形態1~3のいずれの受発光ユニットを搭載しても良い。図8は、本発明の実施形態4に係るスマートフォン201の構成を示す平面図である。
光センサ101の制御ブロック(特に制御回路5、制御部7,7aの各制御ブロック)は、集積回路(ICチップ)等に形成された論理回路(ハードウェア)によって実現してもよいし、CPUを用いてソフトウェアによって実現してもよい。
本発明の態様1に係る光センサ(101)は、発光素子(LED)から出射された光が検知対象物(100)に照射されることによって生じた反射光、または、検知対象物によって遮断されなかった外部からの光が入射することによって光電流を発生する複数の受光素子(PD1~PD4)と、を備え、上記複数の受光素子のうち、特定の方向に沿って並列する少なくとも2つの受光素子の光電流の和に対する、当該少なくとも2つの受光素子の光電流の差の比(Ratio_Xなど)の絶対値と、所定の閾値(Ratio_thなど)とを比較する比較手段(第2コンパレータ53)と、上記比較手段によって上記比の絶対値が上記所定の閾値よりも大きいと判定された場合に、上記特定の方向を上記検知対象物の移動方向と判定する移動方向特定手段(移動方向判定部74)とを備える。
本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。さらに、各実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を組み合わせることにより、新しい技術的特徴を形成することができる。
53 第2コンパレータ(比較手段)
73 移動方向判定部(移動方向判定手段)
74 移動速度判定部(移動速度特定手段)
100 検知対象物
101 光センサ
201 スマートフォン(電子機器)
PD1~PD4 受光素子
DPD 受光素子
LED 発光素子
Claims (5)
- 発光素子から出射された光が検知対象物に照射されることによって生じた反射光、または、検知対象物によって遮断されなかった外部からの光が入射することによって光電流を発生する複数の受光素子を備え、
上記複数の受光素子のうち、特定の方向に沿って並列する少なくとも2つの受光素子の光電流の和に対する、当該少なくとも2つの受光素子の光電流の差の比の絶対値と、所定の閾値とを比較する比較手段と、
上記比較手段によって上記比の絶対値が上記所定の閾値よりも大きいと判定された場合に、上記特定の方向を上記検知対象物の移動方向と判定する移動方向判定手段とを備えることを特徴とする光センサ。 - 上記光電流の和と、所定の電流値とを比較する別の比較手段を備え、
上記移動方向判定手段は、
上記別の比較手段によって上記光電流の和が上記所定の電流値よりも小さいと判定された場合に、上記検知対象物の移動方向を判定しないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光センサ。 - 上記比の符号の種類に正および負の2種類が存在し、
上記移動方向判定手段は、
上記比較手段が、上記比の絶対値が正の符号を有する閾値よりも大きいと判定した後に、さらに、上記比と符号の異なる別の比の絶対値が、上記正の符号を有する閾値よりも大きいと判定した場合に、上記検知対象物の移動方向を判定することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光センサ。 - 上記比の符号が反転する期間の長さから上記検知対象物の移動速度を特定する移動速度特定手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光センサ。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の光センサを備えていることを特徴とする電子機器。
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