WO2014109307A1 - 車線内走行支援装置 - Google Patents
車線内走行支援装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014109307A1 WO2014109307A1 PCT/JP2014/050061 JP2014050061W WO2014109307A1 WO 2014109307 A1 WO2014109307 A1 WO 2014109307A1 JP 2014050061 W JP2014050061 W JP 2014050061W WO 2014109307 A1 WO2014109307 A1 WO 2014109307A1
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- steering
- reaction force
- amount
- lane
- steering reaction
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 261
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
- B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
- B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
- B62D6/002—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits computing target steering angles for front or rear wheels
- B62D6/003—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits computing target steering angles for front or rear wheels in order to control vehicle yaw movement, i.e. around a vertical axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
- B62D6/008—Control of feed-back to the steering input member, e.g. simulating road feel in steer-by-wire applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an in-lane travel support device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for determining the presence or absence of a lane departure with respect to a traveling lane and increasing the assist force of the electric power steering in a direction to return to the traveling lane when it is determined that there is a lane departure.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an in-lane travel support device that can obtain a target vehicle behavior regardless of the driver's steering force.
- the steering amount of the steering unit mechanically separated from the steering unit when it is determined that there is no lane departure, the steering amount of the steering unit is determined based on the steering amount of the steering unit. And when it is determined that there is a lane departure, the steered amount is controlled based on the travel assist turning amount for generating the yaw moment in the direction to return the vehicle to the lane. Is reflected in the steering reaction force applied to the steering unit, and the steering reaction force is controlled based on the steering amount.
- the target vehicle behavior can be obtained regardless of the driver's steering force.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a vehicle steering system according to a first embodiment.
- 3 is a control block diagram of a turning control unit 19.
- FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of a steering reaction force control unit 20 according to the first embodiment.
- 4 is a control block diagram of an LDP command turning angle calculation unit 32.
- FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of a steering reaction force torque offset unit 36.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of a reaction force calculation unit 39 corresponding to a departure allowance time. It is a control block diagram of the reaction force calculation unit 40 according to the lateral position.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a steering angle of a steering wheel and a steering torque of a driver. The relationship between the steering angle of the steering wheel and the steering torque of the driver is shown by offsetting the steering reaction force characteristic representing the steering reaction force torque according to the self-aligning torque in the direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force torque increases. It is a figure which shows the state from which the characteristic changed.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of a steering reaction force control unit 50 according to a second embodiment.
- Steering part 2 Steering part 3 Backup clutch 4 SBW controller 5L, 5R front wheel 6 Steering wheel 7 Column shaft 8 Reaction force motor 9 Steering angle sensor 11 Pinion shaft 12 Steering gear 13 Steering motor 14 Steering angle sensor 15 Rack gear 16 racks 17 Camera 18 Vehicle speed sensor 19 Steering control unit 19a Command turning angle switching part 20 Steering reaction force controller 20b adder 20c adder 21 Video processor 22 Current driver 23 Current driver 24 Navigation system 31 SBW command turning angle calculator 32 LDP command turning angle calculator 32a Yaw angle calculator 32b Forward gaze distance calculator 32c Horizontal position calculator 32d Deviation judgment section 32f Target yaw acceleration calculator 32e Target yaw moment calculator 32g target yaw rate calculator 32h Command turning angle calculator 32i limiter processor 33 Lateral force calculator 35 SAT calculator 36 Steering reaction torque offset part 36a Yaw angle calculator 36b Horizontal position calculator 36c Reaction force selector 36d limiter processing section 39 Reaction force calculation section according to deviation margin time 39a multiplier 39b Divider 39c
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a vehicle steering system according to the first embodiment.
- the steering device according to the first embodiment mainly includes a steering unit 1, a steering unit 2, a backup clutch 3, and an SBW controller 4, a steering unit 1 that receives a steering input from a driver, and left and right front wheels (steered wheels) 5FL, 5FR.
- a steer-by-wire (SBW) system in which the steering unit 2 that steers the vehicle is mechanically separated is employed.
- the steering unit 1 includes a steering wheel 6, a column shaft 7, a reaction force motor 8, and a steering angle sensor 9.
- the column shaft 7 rotates integrally with the steering wheel 6.
- the reaction force motor 8 is, for example, a brushless motor, the output shaft of which is a coaxial motor coaxial with the column shaft 7, and outputs a steering reaction force torque to the column shaft 7 in response to a command from the SBW controller 4.
- the steering angle sensor 9 detects the absolute rotation angle of the column shaft 7, that is, the steering angle of the steering wheel 6.
- the steered portion 2 includes a pinion shaft 11, a steering gear 12, a steered motor 13, and a steered angle sensor 14.
- the steering gear 12 is a rack and pinion type steering gear, and steers the front wheels 5L and 5R according to the rotation of the pinion shaft 11.
- the steered motor 13 is, for example, a brushless motor, whose output shaft is connected to the rack gear 15 via a reduction gear (not shown), and steers the front wheels 5 to the rack 16 in response to a command from the SBW controller 4.
- the steering torque is output.
- the turning angle sensor 14 detects the absolute rotation angle of the turning motor 13.
- the steered angle of the front wheels 5 can be detected from the rotational angle of the steered motor 13.
- the backup clutch 3 is provided between the column shaft 7 of the steering unit 1 and the pinion shaft 11 of the steering unit 2, and mechanically separates the steering unit 1 and the steering unit 2 by release, and the steering unit 1 by fastening. And the steering unit 2 are mechanically connected.
- the SBW controller 4 is input with the image of the traveling road ahead of the vehicle photographed by the camera 17 and the vehicle speed (vehicle speed) detected by the vehicle speed sensor 18.
- the SBW controller 4 includes a steering control unit 19 that controls the steering angles of the front wheels 5FL and 5FR, a steering reaction force control unit 20 that controls a steering reaction force torque applied to the column shaft 7, and a video processing unit 21.
- the turning control unit 19 generates a command turning angle based on each input information, and outputs the generated command turning angle to the current driver 22.
- the current driver 22 controls the command current to the steered motor 13 by angle feedback that matches the actual steered angle detected by the steered angle sensor 14 with the commanded steered angle.
- the steering reaction force control unit 20 generates a command steering reaction force torque based on each input information, and outputs the generated command steering reaction force torque to the current driver 23.
- the current driver 23 controls the command current to the reaction force motor 8 by torque feedback that matches the actual steering reaction force torque estimated from the current value of the reaction force motor 8 with the command steering reaction force torque.
- the video processing unit 21 recognizes the white lines (traveling line dividing lines) on the left and right of the traveling lane by image processing such as edge extraction from the image of the traveling path ahead of the host vehicle taken by the camera 17.
- the SBW controller 4 engages the backup clutch 3 to mechanically connect the steering unit 1 and the steered unit 2 to move the rack 16 in the axial direction by steering the steering wheel 6. Make it possible.
- control equivalent to an electric power steering system that assists the steering force of the driver by the assist torque of the steering motor 13 may be performed.
- SBW system a redundant system including a plurality of sensors, controllers, and motors may be used. Further, the steering control unit 19 and the steering reaction force control unit 20 may be separated.
- the correction steering reduction control is performed with the aim of reducing the correction steering amount of the driver.
- the modified steering reduction control performs two reaction force offset controls for the purpose of improving the stability of the vehicle with respect to the driver's steering input.
- Reaction force offset control according to the lateral position The steering reaction force characteristic according to the self-aligning torque is offset according to the lateral position in the direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force increases, and the driver crosses the steering angle neutral position. It is possible to prevent the sign of the steering torque from being reversed when corrective steering is performed. 2.
- Reaction force offset control according to the deviation margin time Offset the steering reaction force characteristic according to the self-aligning torque in the direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force increases according to the deviation margin time (time to reach the white line).
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the steering control unit 19.
- the SBW command turning angle calculation unit 31 calculates the SBW command turning angle based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed.
- LDP (Lane Departure Prevention) command turning angle calculation unit 32 when it is determined that there is a lane departure, based on vehicle speed and white line information, LDP command turning for generating a yaw moment in the direction to return the vehicle to the lane. Calculate the rudder angle. Details of the LDP command turning angle calculation unit 32 will be described later.
- the command turning angle switching unit 19a uses the SBW command turning angle as the final command turning angle as a current driver.
- FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the steering reaction force control unit 20.
- the lateral force calculation unit 33 refers to a steering angle-lateral force conversion map that represents the relationship between the steering angle for each vehicle speed and the tire lateral force in a conventional steering device that has been obtained in advance through experiments or the like based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed. To calculate the tire lateral force.
- the larger the steering angle the greater the tire lateral force, and when the steering angle is small, the amount of change in the tire lateral force relative to the amount of change in the steering angle is greater than when the steering angle is large.
- the tire has a characteristic that the tire lateral force decreases as the value increases.
- the SAT calculation unit 35 refers to a lateral force-steering reaction force torque conversion map that represents the relationship between the tire lateral force and the steering reaction torque in a conventional steering system that has been obtained in advance based on the vehicle speed and the tire lateral force. Then, the steering reaction torque generated by the tire lateral force is calculated.
- the tire lateral force-steering reaction torque conversion map shows that the larger the tire lateral force is, the larger the steering reaction torque becomes.
- the tire lateral force is small, the amount of change in the steering reaction torque with respect to the amount of change in the tire lateral force is larger than when the tire lateral force is large.
- the steering reaction torque decreases as the vehicle speed increases. This characteristic simulates the reaction force generated in the steering wheel by the self-aligning torque in which the wheel generated by the road surface reaction force returns to the straight traveling state in the conventional steering device.
- the adder 20b adds the steering reaction force torque and the steering reaction force torque component (spring term, viscosity term, inertia term) corresponding to the steering characteristics.
- the spring term is a component proportional to the steering angle, and is calculated by multiplying the steering angle by a predetermined gain.
- the viscosity term is a component proportional to the steering angular velocity, and is calculated by multiplying the steering angular velocity by a predetermined gain.
- the inertia term is a component proportional to the steering angular acceleration, and is calculated by multiplying the steering angular acceleration by a predetermined gain.
- the steering reaction force torque offset unit 36 is a steering reaction force torque for offsetting the steering reaction force characteristic in the reaction force offset control according to the lateral position or the deviation margin time based on the vehicle speed and the image of the traveling road ahead of the host vehicle. Calculate the offset amount. Details of the steering reaction torque offset unit 36 will be described later.
- the adder 20c outputs a value obtained by adding the steering reaction force torque after adding the steering reaction force torque component corresponding to the steering characteristics and the steering torque offset amount to the current driver 23 as a final command steering reaction force torque. .
- FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the LDP command turning angle calculation unit 32.
- the yaw angle calculation unit 32a calculates a yaw angle that is an angle formed by a white line (target white line) that intersects the traveling direction of the host vehicle and the traveling direction of the host vehicle.
- the forward gaze distance calculation unit 32b multiplies a predetermined vehicle head time and a vehicle speed, and calculates a front gaze distance that is a front distance predicted to be present after a certain vehicle head time.
- the lateral position calculation unit 32c multiplies the forward gaze distance and the yaw angle to calculate the amount of lateral position movement until moving to the forward gaze distance, and adds this to the current lateral position (distance to the target white line).
- the target yaw moment calculator 32e calculates a target yaw moment M * with reference to the following equation.
- M * (2 ⁇ I ⁇ ⁇ Y) / (L ⁇ T 2 )
- I is the yaw moment of inertia
- ⁇ Y is the lateral position deviation at the forward gaze distance
- L is the forward gaze distance
- T is the vehicle head time.
- the target yaw acceleration calculation unit 32f multiplies the target yaw moment by the yaw inertia moment coefficient to calculate the target yaw acceleration.
- the target yaw rate calculation unit 32g calculates the target yaw rate by multiplying the target yaw acceleration by the vehicle head time.
- the command turning angle calculation unit 32h calculates the LDP command turning angle ⁇ * with reference to the following formula.
- ⁇ * ( ⁇ * ⁇ WHEEL_BASE ⁇ (1+ (V / vCh) 2 ) ⁇ 180) / (V ⁇ M_PI)
- ⁇ * is the target yaw rate
- WHEEL_BASE is the wheel base
- vCh is the vehicle characteristic speed
- V is the vehicle speed
- M_PI is a predetermined coefficient.
- the vehicle characteristic speed vCh is a parameter in the known “Ackermann equation” and represents the self-steering characteristic of the vehicle.
- the limiter processing unit 32i limits the upper limit of the change rate of the LDP command turning angle with the rate limit value, and outputs the value after the limitation to the command turning angle switching unit 19a.
- the rate limit value is made larger than when it decreases.
- the rate limit value at the time of increase should be the maximum value that can be taken due to safety constraints, and the rate limiter value at the time of decrease should be such that the lateral acceleration (lateral G) does not change suddenly and control continues for a long time. Limit to a value that will not return to the opposite lane.
- the LDP command turning angle is greater than or equal to the predetermined angle, the LDP command turning angle is less than the predetermined angle so that the lateral G change at the point where the increase starts to decrease decreases.
- the rate limiter value is made smaller than in the case of.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the steering reaction force torque offset unit 36.
- the yaw angle calculator 36a calculates the yaw angle at the forward gazing point. By calculating the yaw angle based on the image of the travel path taken by the camera 17, the yaw angle can be detected easily and with high accuracy.
- the horizontal position calculation unit 36b calculates a horizontal position with respect to the left and right white lines at the forward gazing point and a horizontal position with respect to the left and right white lines at the current position.
- the horizontal position calculation unit 36b switches the horizontal position with respect to the left and right white lines at the current position. That is, the horizontal position with respect to the left white line before reaching the white line is set as the horizontal position with respect to the right white line after reaching the white line, and the horizontal position with respect to the right white line before reaching the white line is set as the horizontal position with respect to the left white line after reaching the white line.
- the value W 2 / W 1 obtained by dividing the lane width W 2 of the lane after the lane change by the lane width W 1 of the lane before the lane change is replaced.
- the horizontal position is corrected by multiplying the horizontal position.
- the lane width information of each traveling lane is acquired from the navigation system 24.
- the reaction force calculation unit 39 corresponding to the departure allowance time calculates the reaction force corresponding to the departure allowance time based on the vehicle speed, the yaw angle, and the lateral position with respect to the left and right white lines at the front gazing point. Details of the reaction force calculation unit 39 according to the departure allowance time will be described later.
- the reaction force calculation unit 40 according to the lateral position calculates a reaction force according to the lateral position based on the lateral position with respect to the left and right white lines at the current position. Details of the reaction force calculation unit 40 according to the lateral position will be described later.
- the reaction force selection unit 36c selects, as the steering reaction force torque offset amount, the larger absolute value among the reaction force according to the departure allowance time and the reaction force according to the lateral position.
- the limiter processing unit 36d limits the maximum value of the steering reaction force torque offset amount and the upper limit of the change rate. For example, the maximum value is 2 Nm, and the upper limit of the change rate is 10 Nm / s.
- the offset amount is held at the value output immediately before the departure flag is set. After the departure flag is reset, the steering reaction torque offset amount is returned to the calculated value. In order to suppress a sudden change in the steering reaction force, the steering reaction torque offset amount is gradually increased to the calculated value at a predetermined change rate. Change.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of the reaction force calculation unit 39 according to the departure allowance time.
- the multiplier 39a obtains the lateral speed of the vehicle by multiplying the yaw angle by the vehicle speed.
- the divider 39b divides the lateral position with respect to the left white line at the forward gazing point by the lateral speed to obtain a deviation margin time with respect to the left white line.
- the divider 39c divides the lateral position with respect to the right white line at the forward gazing point by the lateral speed to obtain a deviation margin time with respect to the right white line.
- the deviation margin time selection unit 39d selects the shorter of the deviation margin times for the left and right white lines as the deviation margin time.
- the reaction force calculator 39e according to the departure allowance time calculates a reaction force according to the departure allowance time based on the departure allowance time.
- the reaction force according to the deviation margin time is inversely proportional to the deviation margin time (proportional to the reciprocal of the deviation margin time), and has a characteristic of almost zero after 3 seconds.
- FIG. 7 is a control block diagram of the reaction force calculation unit 40 according to the lateral position.
- the subtractor 40a obtains a lateral position deviation with respect to the left lane by subtracting the lateral position with respect to the left lane from a preset target left lateral position (for example, 90 cm).
- the subtractor 40b subtracts the lateral position with respect to the right lane from a preset target right lateral position (for example, 90 cm) to obtain a lateral position deviation with respect to the right lane.
- the lateral position deviation selection unit 40c selects the larger one of the lateral position deviations with respect to the left and right lanes as the lateral position deviation.
- the reaction force calculation unit 40d according to the lateral position deviation calculates a reaction force according to the lateral position based on the lateral position deviation.
- the reaction force according to the lateral position has a characteristic that increases as the lateral position deviation increases, and an upper limit is set.
- reaction force offset control action according to lateral position In the reaction force offset control according to the lateral position, the reaction force according to the lateral position is added to the steering reaction force torque as a steering reaction force torque offset amount. As a result, the steering reaction force characteristic representing the steering reaction force torque corresponding to the self-aligning torque is offset in a direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force torque increases as the distance to the white line decreases, as shown in FIG.
- the FIG. 8 shows a case where the vehicle is close to the right lane.
- the driving position of the vehicle is shifted to the right side due to the driver's unexpected increase in the right direction, and then the driver returns the driving position to the vicinity of the center of the driving lane by correction steering.
- the steering angle and steering torque when the driver performs an unexpected operation are set as the position of the point P 1 on the characteristic A in FIG.
- the characteristic A is a characteristic representing the relationship between the steering angle and the steering torque when the steering reaction force characteristic simulating a conventional steering device is set.
- the steering reaction force torque according to the self-aligning torque is increased in the direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force torque increases as the distance to the white line is shorter.
- the characteristic representing the relationship between the steering angle and the steering torque by offsetting is offset from the characteristic A as the distance to the white line becomes shorter as the absolute value of the steering torque is increased as shown in FIG. Changes continuously to C.
- the steering wheel 6 is gradually returned to the steering angle neutral position (point P 1 ⁇ point P 2 ), It is possible to prevent the vehicle travel position from shifting to the right side due to the driver's unexpected increase operation.
- the steering angle and the steering torque move from the point P 1 to the point P 3 .
- the steering torque neutral position is offset from the steering angle neutral position to the additional side, so the steering torque neutral position is increased when the steering angle is increased from the steering angle neutral position.
- the sign of the steering torque is not reversed until the position is reached. Therefore, the driver can control the turning angle of the front wheels 5L and 5R only by reducing the steering torque and stopping the rotation of the steering wheel 6 when the steering wheel 6 reaches the target angle.
- the reaction force offset control according to the lateral position of the first embodiment can facilitate the driver's correction steering because the direction in which the driver controls the force is difficult to switch. As a result, the travel position of the vehicle is less likely to overshoot, and the correction steering amount can be reduced.
- the offset amount is increased as the distance to the white line is shorter. Therefore, the steering torque neutral position is the steering angle neutral position as the distance to the white line is shorter. Is offset further away from When the driver performs corrective steering to return the vehicle travel position to the vicinity of the center of the travel lane, the closer the white line is, the greater the amount of additional operation from the steering angle neutral position is required. At this time, if the offset amount of the steering torque neutral position with respect to the steering angle neutral position is small, the steering torque may exceed the neutral position and the sign of the steering torque may be reversed before the steering wheel reaches the target angle. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the steering torque from exceeding the neutral position by increasing the offset amount as the distance to the white line is shorter.
- the lateral position calculation unit 36b switches the lateral position with respect to the left and right white lines at the current position when the host vehicle reaches the white line.
- the host vehicle is more likely to return to the vicinity of the center of the travel lane by increasing the steering reaction force as the host vehicle is further away from the vicinity of the center of the travel lane.
- the yaw angle integral value (lateral position change) is regarded as a disturbance, and the steering reaction force is controlled so as to guide the vehicle in a direction in which the yaw angle integral value disappears. For this reason, when a lane change is performed, it is necessary to reset the yaw angle integral value.
- the steering reaction force for returning the vehicle to the vicinity of the center of the traveling lane before the lane change continues to act even after the lane change, and the driver's operation is hindered. Note that the vehicle cannot be guided near the center of the travel lane after the lane change by simply setting the integral value to zero.
- the vehicle when the vehicle reaches the white line, it can be regarded as a driver's intentional operation. In this case, the lateral position with respect to the left and right white lines at the current position is switched. In order to guide the vehicle to the center of the lane after the lane change by switching the position where the vehicle is guided from the center of the lane before the lane change to the center of the lane after the lane change.
- the steering reaction force can be generated.
- reaction force offset control action according to deviation margin time In the reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time, the reaction force according to the departure allowance time is added to the steering reaction force torque as the steering reaction force torque offset amount. As a result, the steering reaction force characteristic representing the steering reaction force torque corresponding to the self-aligning torque is offset in a direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force torque increases as the deviation margin time decreases, as shown in FIG.
- the FIG. 8 shows a case where the vehicle is close to the right lane.
- the characteristic representing the relationship between the steering angle and the steering torque is offset in the direction in which the absolute value of the steering torque increases, and from characteristic A to characteristic C as the deviation margin time decreases. And change continuously.
- the steering angle neutral position point P 1 ⁇ point P 2
- the steering angle and the steering torque move from the point P 1 to the point P 3 .
- the steering torque neutral position is offset from the steering angle neutral position to the additional side, so the steering torque neutral position is increased when the steering angle is increased from the steering angle neutral position.
- the sign of the steering torque is not reversed until the position is reached. Therefore, the driver can control the turning angle of the front wheels 5L and 5R only by reducing the steering torque and stopping the rotation of the steering wheel 6 when the steering wheel 6 reaches the target angle. That is, the reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time according to the first embodiment can facilitate the driver's correction steering because the direction in which the driver controls the force is difficult to switch. As a result, the travel position of the vehicle is less likely to overshoot, and the correction steering amount can be reduced.
- the offset amount is increased as the departure allowance time is shorter. Therefore, the steering torque neutral position is changed from the steering angle neutral position as the departure allowance time is shorter. Offset to a more distant position.
- the driver performs corrective steering to return the vehicle travel position to near the center of the travel lane, the shorter the deviation margin time, the closer to the white line, and the closer to the white line, the greater the amount of operation to increase from the steering angle neutral position.
- the offset amount of the steering torque neutral position with respect to the steering angle neutral position is small, the steering torque may exceed the neutral position and the sign of the steering torque may be reversed before the steering wheel reaches the target angle. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the steering torque from exceeding the neutral position by increasing the offset amount as the distance to the white line is shorter.
- the steering reaction force torque offset unit 36 selects the reaction force corresponding to the deviation margin time and the reaction force corresponding to the lateral position having the larger absolute value as the steering reaction force torque offset amount.
- the adder 20c adds the steering reaction torque offset amount to the steering reaction torque.
- the steering reaction force characteristic is offset in a direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force torque is increased in accordance with the departure allowance time or the lateral position.
- the reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time when the vehicle and the white line are parallel, that is, when the yaw angle is zero, the reaction force according to the departure allowance time is zero.
- reaction force offset control according to the horizontal position
- a reaction force is generated in proportion to the distance to the white line, so a larger reaction force as the distance to the white line becomes shorter. And the vehicle can be easily returned to the vicinity of the center of the traveling lane.
- reaction force offset control according to the lateral position when the vehicle is near the center of the traveling lane, the reaction force according to the lateral position is zero. For this reason, even in the vicinity of the center of the traveling lane, when the yaw angle is large and the vehicle speed is high, it is difficult to increase the steering reaction force with good response while reaching the white line in a short time.
- reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time a reaction force (reaction force according to the departure allowance time) is generated according to the departure allowance time, and the reaction force has a departure allowance time of 3 seconds.
- the steering reaction force can be increased with good response to suppress lane departure. Therefore, by using the reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time and the reaction force offset control according to the lateral position, it is possible to effectively deviate from the lane while giving a stable reaction force according to the distance to the white line. Can be suppressed. At this time, the optimum steering reaction force that is always required can be applied by using the reaction force corresponding to the departure allowance time and the reaction force corresponding to the lateral position having the larger absolute value.
- the turning angle when it is determined that there is no lane departure, the turning angle is controlled based on the SBW command turning angle based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed, and when it is determined that there is a lane departure. Controls the turning angle based on the LDP command turning angle for generating the yaw moment in the direction of returning the vehicle into the lane. That is, in order to directly give the front wheels 5L and 5R a turning angle for returning the vehicle to the lane, as shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), the actual steering force of the driver is not affected.
- the turning angle can be matched with the LDP command turning angle.
- the actual turning angle depends only on the LDP command turning angle and is not affected by the driver's steering force, so that the target vehicle behavior can always be obtained regardless of the driver's steering force.
- the LDP command turning angle is not reflected and the steering reaction force according to the tire lateral force estimated from the steering angle and the vehicle speed is applied, so that the LDP command turning angle and SBW are applied. Since the change in the tire lateral force caused by switching between the command turning angle and the LDP command turning angle is not reflected in the steering reaction force, the driver does not feel uncomfortable.
- FIG. 13 is a time chart showing a change in the LDP command turning angle of the first embodiment, and the limiter processing unit 32i is when the LDP command turning angle increases (A region) and decreases (B region). Increase the rate limit value.
- the limiter processing unit 32i is when the LDP command turning angle increases (A region) and decreases (B region). Increase the rate limit value.
- the rate limiter value is made smaller than (region).
- region C In a region where the LDP command turning angle is large, if the lateral G change at the point (peak point) where the turning point starts to decrease (peak point) is large, the york jerk that the occupant feels uncomfortable increases, and the occupant's body and head are greatly shaken. Gives pleasure. Therefore, when the LDP command turning angle is equal to or larger than the predetermined angle, by reducing the increasing gradient, the lateral G change of the peak point can be reduced, and the uncomfortable feeling given to the occupant can be reduced by reducing the yaw jerk.
- the limiter processing unit 36d determines the steering reaction force torque offset amount in the reaction force offset control (reaction force offset control according to the lateral position, reaction force offset control according to the departure allowance time), The value immediately before the determination is maintained. Therefore, since the change in the lateral position and the deviation margin time caused by the provision of the LDP command turning angle is not reflected in the steering reaction force, the uncomfortable feeling given to the driver can be reduced.
- Example 1 has the following effects. (1) Steering wheel 6 that receives the steering input of the driver, steering part 2 that steers the front wheels 5L and 5R mechanically separated from the steering wheel 6, and deviation that determines whether or not there is a lane departure from the driving lane LDP command turning angle calculation unit 32 that calculates the LDP command turning angle for generating the yaw moment in the direction to return the vehicle to the lane when it is determined that there is a lane departure with the determination unit 32d, and no lane departure If it is determined that the steering angle of the front wheels 5L and 5R is controlled based on the SBW command turning angle corresponding to the steering angle, if it is determined that there is a lane departure, based on the LDP command turning angle A steering control unit 19 that controls the steering angle, and a steering reaction force control unit 20 that controls the steering reaction force based on the steering angle without reflecting the LDP command steering angle to the steering reaction force applied to the steering wheel 6. And provided. Thereby, the target vehicle behavior is obtained regardless of the driver
- a lateral force calculation unit 33 that calculates tire lateral force based on the steering angle, a SAT calculation unit 35 that estimates self-aligning torque based on the tire lateral force, and a self-aligning torque and steering reaction force as coordinate axes
- a steering reaction force control unit 20 that sets a steering reaction force characteristic that becomes a larger steering reaction force as the self-aligning torque is larger, and calculates a command steering reaction force torque based on the steering reaction force characteristic.
- a lateral position calculation unit 36b that detects the lateral position of the vehicle with respect to the white line, and a steering reaction force torque that offsets the steering reaction force characteristics on the coordinates in a direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force increases as the lateral position is closer to the white line
- the steering reaction force control unit 20 applies a steering reaction force to the steering wheel 6 based on the command steering reaction force torque, and the steering reaction force torque offset unit 36 is determined to have a lane departure. If Maintaining the offset amount of the determination immediately before. As a result, the steering torque neutral position is offset more than the steering angle neutral position, so that the reversal of the sign of the steering torque during the correction steering is suppressed.
- the direction in which the driver controls the force is difficult to switch, and the driver's steering burden can be reduced.
- the change in the lateral position and the deviation allowance time caused by the provision of the LDP command turning angle is not reflected in the steering reaction force, the uncomfortable feeling given to the driver can be reduced.
- a deviation margin time selection unit 39d that calculates a margin time that is the time for the host vehicle to reach the white line is provided, and the steering reaction torque offset unit 36 has a larger lateral position offset as the detected lateral position is closer to the white line.
- a larger margin time offset amount is calculated as the calculated margin time is shorter, and an offset is performed using the larger one of the lateral position offset amount and the margin time offset amount.
- a limiter processing unit 32i that restricts a change in the LDP command turning angle is provided, and the limiter processing unit 32i makes the increasing gradient of the LDP command turning angle larger than the decreasing gradient.
- the limiter processing unit 32i makes the increase gradient smaller when the LDP command turning angle is equal to or larger than the predetermined angle than when the LDP command turning angle is smaller than the predetermined angle. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the uncomfortable feeling given to the occupant by suppressing the york jerk generated at the point where the LDP command turning angle turns from increasing to decreasing.
- the SBW command turning angle corresponding to the steering angle of the steering wheel 6 Based on the LDP command turning angle to control the turning angle of the front wheels 5L and 5R and generate a yaw moment in the direction to return the vehicle to the lane when it is determined that there is a lane departure
- the LDP command turning angle is not reflected on the steering reaction force applied to the steering wheel 6, and the steering reaction force is controlled based on the steering angle. Thereby, the target vehicle behavior is obtained regardless of the driver's steering force.
- the steering angle of the front wheels 5L, 5R is controlled based on the SBW command turning angle corresponding to the steering angle of the steering wheel 6, and when it is determined that there is a lane departure, the vehicle is returned to the direction of returning the vehicle to the lane.
- the steering angle is controlled based on the LDP command turning angle for generating the moment, while the LDP command turning angle is not reflected in the steering reaction force applied to the steering wheel 6, and the steering reaction force based on the steering angle.
- an SBW controller 4 for controlling. Thereby, the target vehicle behavior is obtained regardless of the driver's steering force.
- FIG. 14 is a control block diagram of the steering reaction force control unit 50 of the second embodiment. Only parts different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
- the lateral G sensor 51 detects the lateral acceleration (lateral G) of the vehicle.
- the yaw rate sensor 52 detects the yaw rate of the vehicle.
- the FB lateral force calculation unit 53 calculates a feedback (FB) tire lateral force using a known two-wheel model based on the lateral G and the yaw rate.
- FB feedback
- the FF lateral force calculation unit 54 refers to a steering angle-lateral force conversion map that represents the relationship between the steering angle for each vehicle speed and the tire lateral force in a conventional steering system that has been obtained in advance based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed. Then calculate the feed forward (FF) tire lateral force.
- the larger the steering angle the greater the tire lateral force, and when the steering angle is small, the amount of change in the tire lateral force relative to the amount of change in the steering angle is greater than when the steering angle is large.
- the tire has a characteristic that the tire lateral force decreases as the value increases.
- the SAT calculation unit 55 weights the FB tire lateral force and the FF tire lateral force in consideration of the vehicle speed and the absolute value of the difference between the lateral forces (lateral force difference) to obtain the final tire lateral force, Generated by the tire lateral force with reference to the lateral force-steering reaction force torque conversion map that represents the relationship between the tire lateral force and the steering reaction torque in a conventional steering system that has been previously determined through experiments and the like based on the tire lateral force and the tire lateral force The steering reaction force torque is calculated.
- the tire lateral force-steering reaction torque conversion map is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the SAT calculation unit 55 decreases the distribution ratio Gv corresponding to the vehicle speed of the FF tire lateral force as the vehicle speed decreases, and sets the vehicle speed of the FB tire lateral force. Increase the corresponding distribution ratio 1-Gv.
- the vehicle speed threshold is a vehicle speed at which nonlinearity of tire characteristics appears and the estimation accuracy of the FF tire lateral force starts to decrease.
- the distribution ratios Gv and 1-Gv according to the vehicle speed of the FF tire lateral force and the FB tire lateral force are both set to 0.5.
- the SAT calculation unit 55 sets the distribution ratio Gf corresponding to the lateral force difference of the FF tire lateral force to 1 and the lateral force difference of the FB tire lateral force.
- the distribution ratio 1-Gf is set to zero.
- the first lateral force difference threshold is a lateral force difference at which the estimation accuracy of the FF tire lateral force starts to decrease.
- the distribution ratio Gf according to the lateral force difference of the FF tire lateral force is zero, and the distribution ratio 1-Gf according to the lateral force difference of the FB tire lateral force Is 1.
- the second lateral force difference threshold is a lateral force difference at which the estimation accuracy of the FF tire lateral force is lower than the estimation accuracy of the FB tire lateral force. Further, when the lateral force difference is not less than the first lateral force difference threshold and not more than the second lateral force difference threshold, the distribution ratio Gf corresponding to the lateral force difference of the FF tire lateral force is reduced as the lateral force difference is increased. Increase the distribution ratio 1-Gf according to the lateral force difference of the FB tire lateral force.
- the SAT calculation unit 55 calculates the gain k by multiplying the distribution ratio Gv according to the vehicle speed and the distribution ratio Gf according to the lateral force difference, and gains the value obtained by multiplying the FF tire lateral force by the gain k and the FB tire lateral force.
- the final tire lateral force is obtained by adding the value multiplied by (1-k).
- the SAT calculation unit 55 sets the gain k to 1 and the gain (1-k) to zero until the departure flag is reset. To do.
- the SAT calculation unit 55 of the steering reaction force control unit 50 estimates the FF tire lateral force from the vehicle speed and the steering angle, and estimates the FB tire lateral force from the lateral G and yaw rate that are turning state quantities. Yes. Then, the final tire lateral force is obtained by weighting the FF tire lateral force and the FB tire lateral force according to the vehicle speed and the lateral force difference.
- the FB tire lateral force changes according to changes in road surface conditions and vehicle conditions.
- the FF tire lateral force changes smoothly regardless of changes in road surface conditions. For this reason, when the FF tire lateral force is less than the vehicle speed threshold at which the nonlinearity of the tire characteristics appears, the estimation accuracy decreases. On the other hand, the estimation accuracy of the FB tire lateral force is almost constant regardless of the vehicle speed.
- Example 2 when the vehicle speed is less than the vehicle speed threshold, the gain k multiplied by the FF tire lateral force is decreased as the vehicle speed is decreased, while the gain (1-k) multiplied by the FB tire lateral force is increased. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in estimation accuracy of the tire lateral force in the low vehicle speed range, and it is possible to apply a more appropriate steering reaction force. Further, in Example 2, when the lateral force difference is equal to or greater than the first lateral force difference threshold, the gain k multiplied by the FB tire lateral force is reduced as the lateral force difference increases, while the gain k multiplied by the FB tire lateral force (1 Increase -k). As a result, a decrease in the estimation accuracy of the final tire lateral force can be suppressed against a decrease in the estimation accuracy of the FF tire lateral force, and a more appropriate steering reaction force can be applied.
- the second embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects (3) to (5) of the first embodiment.
- Steering wheel 6 that receives the steering input of the driver, steering unit 2 that steers the front wheels 5L and 5R mechanically separated from the steering wheel 6, and a lateral G sensor 51 that detects the lateral G of the vehicle
- a yaw rate sensor 52 that detects the yaw rate of the vehicle
- a departure determination unit 32d that determines whether or not there is a lane departure with respect to the traveling lane, and if it is determined that there is a lane departure, a yaw moment is generated in a direction to return the vehicle to the lane.
- LDP command turning angle calculation unit 32 for calculating the LDP command turning angle to cause the front wheel 5L based on the SBW command turning angle corresponding to the steering angle of the steering wheel 6 when it is determined that there is no lane departure , 5R steering angle is controlled, and when it is determined that there is a lane departure, the steering control unit 19 that controls the turning angle based on the LDP command steering angle, and when it is determined that there is no lane departure Is the FF tire lateral force, lateral G and yaw rate according to the steering angle
- the steering reaction force applied to the steering wheel 6 is controlled based on at least one of the FB tire lateral force corresponding to the FB tire lateral force, and the steering reaction force that applies the FB tire lateral force to the steering wheel 6 when it is determined that there is a lane departure.
- a steering reaction force control unit 50 that controls the steering reaction force based on the FF tire lateral force without reflecting the force.
- the target vehicle behavior is obtained regardless of the driver's steering force.
- changes in the lateral G and yaw rate caused by the provision of the LDP command turning angle are not reflected in the steering reaction force, so that the uncomfortable feeling given to the driver can be reduced.
- FF tire lateral force calculator 54 that calculates FF tire lateral force based on the steering angle
- FB tire lateral force calculator 53 that calculates FB tire lateral force based on the lateral G and yaw rate
- FF tire The SAT calculation unit 55 estimates the self-aligning torque based on at least one of the lateral force and the FB tire lateral force, and the larger the self-aligning torque is on the coordinates with the self-aligning torque and the steering reaction force as coordinate axes.
- a steering reaction force control unit 20 that sets a steering reaction force characteristic that is a large steering reaction force and calculates a command steering reaction force torque based on the steering reaction force characteristic, and a lateral position that detects the lateral position of the vehicle with respect to the white line
- a steering reaction force control unit including a calculation unit b, and a steering reaction force torque offset unit that offsets the steering reaction force characteristics on the coordinates in a direction in which the absolute value of the steering reaction force increases as the lateral position approaches the white line.
- 20 is the command steering reaction torque
- the steering torque neutral position is offset more than the steering angle neutral position, so that the reversal of the sign of the steering torque during the correction steering is suppressed.
- the direction in which the driver controls the force is difficult to switch, and the driver's steering burden can be reduced.
- the uncomfortable feeling given to the driver can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、運転者の保舵力にかかわらず狙いの車両挙動が得られる車線内走行支援装置を提供することにある。
2 転舵部
3 バックアップクラッチ
4 SBWコントローラ
5L,5R 前輪
6 ステアリングホイール
7 コラムシャフト
8 反力モータ
9 操舵角センサ
11 ピニオンシャフト
12 ステアリングギア
13 転舵モータ
14 転舵角センサ
15 ラックギア
16 ラック
17 カメラ
18 車速センサ
19 転舵制御部
19a 指令転舵角切り替え部
20 操舵反力制御部
20b 加算器
20c 加算器
21 映像処理部
22 電流ドライバ
23 電流ドライバ
24 ナビゲーションシステム
31 SBW指令転舵角演算部
32 LDP指令転舵角演算部
32a ヨー角演算部
32b 前方注視距離演算部
32c 横位置演算部
32d 逸脱判定部
32f 目標ヨー加速度演算部
32e 目標ヨーモーメント演算部
32g 目標ヨーレイト演算部
32h 指令転舵角演算部
32i リミッタ処理部
33 横力演算部
35 SAT演算部
36 操舵反力トルクオフセット部
36a ヨー角演算部
36b 横位置演算部
36c 反力選択部
36d リミッタ処理部
39 逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力演算部
39a 乗算器
39b 除算器
39c 除算器
39d 逸脱余裕時間選択部
39e 逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力演算部
40 横位置に応じた反力演算部
40a 減算器
40b 減算器
40c 横位置偏差選択部
40d 横位置偏差に応じた反力演算部
50 操舵反力制御部
51 横Gセンサ
52 転舵電流センサ
53 ヨーレイトセンサ
54 FB横力演算部
55 FF横力演算部
56 SAT演算部
[システム構成]
図1は、実施例1の車両の操舵系を示すシステム図である。
実施例1の操舵装置は、操舵部1、転舵部2、バックアップクラッチ3、SBWコントローラ4を主要な構成とし、ドライバの操舵入力を受ける操舵部1と、左右前輪(転舵輪)5FL,5FRを転舵する転舵部2とが機械的に切り離されたステアバイワイヤ(SBW)システムを採用している。
コラムシャフト7は、ステアリングホイール6と一体に回転する。
反力モータ8は、例えば、ブラシレスモータであり、出力軸がコラムシャフト7と同軸の同軸モータであり、SBWコントローラ4からの指令に応じて、コラムシャフト7に操舵反力トルクを出力する。
操舵角センサ9は、コラムシャフト7の絶対回転角、すなわち、ステアリングホイール6の操舵角を検出する。
ステアリングギア12は、ラック&ピニオン式のステアリングギアであり、ピニオンシャフト11の回転に応じて前輪5L,5Rを転舵する。
転舵モータ13は、例えば、ブラシレスモータであり、出力軸が図外の減速機を介してラックギア15と接続され、SBWコントローラ4からの指令に応じて、ラック16に前輪5を転舵するための転舵トルクを出力する。
転舵角センサ14は、転舵モータ13の絶対回転角を検出する。ここで、転舵モータ13の回転角と前輪5の転舵角とは常に一意に定まる相関関係があるため、転舵モータ13の回転角から前輪5の転舵角を検出できる。以下では特に記載しない限り、前輪5の転舵角は転舵モータ13の回転角から算出されたものとする。
バックアップクラッチ3は、操舵部1のコラムシャフト7と転舵部2のピニオンシャフト11との間に設けられ、解放により操舵部1と転舵部2とを機械的に切り離し、締結により操舵部1と転舵部2とを機械的に接続する。
SBWコントローラ4は、前輪5FL,5FRの転舵角を制御する転舵制御部19と、コラムシャフト7に付与する操舵反力トルクを制御する操舵反力制御部20と、映像処理部21とを有する。
転舵制御部19は、各入力情報に基づいて指令転舵角を生成し、生成した指令転舵角を電流ドライバ22へ出力する。
電流ドライバ22は、転舵角センサ14により検出される実転舵角を指令転舵角と一致させる角度フィードバックにより転舵モータ13への指令電流を制御する。
操舵反力制御部20は、各入力情報に基づいて指令操舵反力トルクを生成し、生成した指令操舵反力トルクを電流ドライバ23へ出力する。
電流ドライバ23は、反力モータ8の電流値から推定される実操舵反力トルクを指令操舵反力トルクと一致させるトルクフィードバックにより反力モータ8への指令電流を制御する。
映像処理部21は、カメラ17により撮影された自車前方の走行路の映像からエッジ抽出等の画像処理によって走行車線左右の白線(走行路区分線)を認識する。
加えて、SBWコントローラ4は、SBWシステムのフェール時、バックアップクラッチ3を締結して操舵部1と転舵部2とを機械的に連結し、ステアリングホイール6の操舵によるラック16の軸方向移動を可能とする。このとき、転舵モータ13のアシストトルクによりドライバの操舵力を補助する電動パワーステアリングシステム相当の制御を行ってもよい。
上記SBWシステムにおいて、各センサ、各コントローラ、各モータを複数設けた冗長系としてもよい。また、転舵制御部19と操舵反力制御部20を別体としてもよい。
1.横位置に応じた反力オフセット制御
横位置に応じてセルフアライニングトルクに応じた操舵反力特性を操舵反力の絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットし、ドライバが操舵角中立位置をまたぐ修正操舵を行ったときに操舵トルクの符号が反転するのを抑制する。
2.逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力オフセット制御
逸脱余裕時間(白線への到達時間)に応じてセルフアライニングトルクに応じた操舵反力特性を操舵反力の絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットし、ドライバが操舵角中立位置をまたぐ修正操舵を行ったときに操舵トルクの符号が反転するのを抑制する。
図2は、転舵制御部19の制御ブロック図である。
SBW指令転舵角演算部31は、操舵角と車速とに基づいてSBW指令転舵角を演算する。
LDP(Lane Departure Prevention)指令転舵角演算部32は、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、車速と白線情報とに基づき、車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるためのLDP指令転舵角を演算する。LDP指令転舵角演算部32の詳細については後述する。
指令転舵角切り替え部19aは、後述する逸脱判定部32dから出力される逸脱フラグがリセット(=0)されている場合には、SBW指令転舵角を最終的な指令転舵角として電流ドライバ22へ出力し、逸脱フラグがセット(=1)されている場合には、LDP指令転舵角を最終的な指令転舵角として電流ドライバ22へ出力する。
図3は、操舵反力制御部20の制御ブロック図である。
横力演算部33は、操舵角と車速とに基づき、あらかじめ実験等により求めたコンベンショナルな操舵装置における車速毎の操舵角とタイヤ横力との関係を表す操舵角-横力変換マップを参照してタイヤ横力を演算する。操舵角-横力変換マップは、操舵角が大きいほどタイヤ横力が大きく、かつ、操舵角が小さいときは大きいときよりも操舵角の変化量に対するタイヤ横力の変化量が大きく、かつ、車速が高いほどタイヤ横力が小さくなる特性を有する。
SAT演算部35は、車速とタイヤ横力とに基づき、あらかじめ実験等により求めたコンベンショナルな操舵装置におけるタイヤ横力と操舵反力トルクとの関係を表す横力-操舵反力トルク変換マップを参照してタイヤ横力によって発生する操舵反力トルクを演算する。タイヤ横力-操舵反力トルク変換マップは、タイヤ横力が大きいほど操舵反力トルクが大きく、タイヤ横力が小さいときは大きいときよりもタイヤ横力の変化量に対する操舵反力トルクの変化量が大きく、かつ、車速が高いほど操舵反力トルクが小さくなる特性を有する。この特性は、コンベンショナルな操舵装置において、路面反力によって発生する車輪が直進状態に戻ろうとするセルフアライニングトルクによってステアリングホイールに発生する反力を模擬したものである。
操舵反力トルクオフセット部36は、車速と自車前方の走行路の映像とに基づき、横位置または逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力オフセット制御において操舵反力特性をオフセットするための操舵反力トルクオフセット量を演算する。操舵反力トルクオフセット部36の詳細については後述する。
加算器20cは、ステアリング特性に応じた操舵反力トルク成分を加算した後の操舵反力トルクと操舵トルクオフセット量とを加算した値を最終的な指令操舵反力トルクとして電流ドライバ23へ出力する。
図4は、LDP指令転舵角演算部32の制御ブロック図である。
ヨー角演算部32aは、自車進行方向と交差する白線(対象白線)と自車進行方向とのなす角度であるヨー角を演算する。
前方注視距離演算部32bは、所定の車頭時間と車速とを乗算し、ある車頭時間後に車両が居ると予測される前方距離である前方注視距離を演算する。
横位置演算部32cは、前方注視距離とヨー角とを乗算して前方注視距離に移動するまでの横位置の移動量を演算し、これを現在の横位置(対象白線までの距離)に加算して前方注視距離での横位置を演算する。
逸脱判定部32dは、前方注視距離での横位置の絶対値からあらかじめ設定された制御閾値を減じて前方注視距離での横位置偏差を演算し、演算した横位置偏差を出力する。また、横位置偏差がゼロ未満(<0)である場合には「車線逸脱無し」と判定して逸脱フラグをリセット(=0)する一方、横位置偏差がゼロ以上(≧0)である場合には「車線逸脱有り」と判定して逸脱フラグをセット(=1)する。なお、ウインカーが対象白線方向に出ている場合には、レーンチェンジ中であるため、横位置偏差がゼロ以上であっても「車線逸脱無し」と判定し、逸脱フラグをリセットする。
M* = (2×I×ΔY)/(L×T2)
ここで、Iはヨー慣性モーメント、ΔYは前方注視距離での横位置偏差、Lは前方注視距離、Tは車頭時間である。
目標ヨー加速度演算部32fは、目標ヨーモーメントにヨー慣性モーメント係数を乗じて目標ヨー加速度を演算する。
目標ヨーレイト演算部32gは、目標ヨー加速度に車頭時間を乗じて目標ヨーレイトを演算する。
指令転舵角演算部32hは、下記の式を参照してLDP指令転舵角δ*を演算する。
δ* = (φ*×WHEEL_BASE×(1+(V/vCh)2)×180)/(V×M_PI)
ここで、φ*は目標ヨーレイト、WHEEL_BASEはホイールベース、vChは車両の特性速度、Vは車速、M_PIは所定の係数である。なお、車両の特性速度vChとは、既知の"アッカーマン方程式"の中のパラメータであり、車両のセルフステアリング特性を表すものである。
また、増加時であっても、LDP指令転舵角が所定角度以上である場合には、増加から減少に転じる地点での横G変化が少なくなるように、LDP指令転舵角が所定角度未満である場合よりもレートリミッタ値を小さくする。
図5は、操舵反力トルクオフセット部36の制御ブロック図である。
ヨー角演算部36aは、前方注視点でのヨー角を演算する。カメラ17により撮影された走行路の映像に基づいてヨー角を演算することで、簡単かつ高精度にヨー角を検出できる。
横位置演算部36bは、前方注視点での左右白線に対する横位置および現在位置での左右白線に対する横位置をそれぞれ演算する。ここで、横位置演算部36bは、自車が白線を越えて隣の走行車線に移った場合、すなわち、レーンチェンジが行われた場合、現在位置での左右白線に対する横位置を入れ替える。つまり、白線到達前の左白線に対する横位置を白線到達後の右白線に対する横位置とし、白線到達前の右白線に対する横位置を白線到達後の左白線に対する横位置とする。なお、車線幅が異なる走行車線にレーンチェンジした場合には、レーンチェンジ後の走行車線の車線幅W2をレーンチェンジ前の走行車線の車線幅W1で除した値W2/W1を入れ替えた横位置に乗じて横位置を補正する。ここで、各走行車線の車線幅情報は、ナビゲーションシステム24から取得する。
逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力演算部39は、車速とヨー角と前方注視点での左右白線に対する横位置とに基づき、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力を演算する。逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力演算部39の詳細については後述する。
横位置に応じた反力演算部40は、現在位置での左右白線に対する横位置に基づき、横位置に応じた反力を演算する。横位置に応じた反力演算部40の詳細については後述する。
反力選択部36cは、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力と横位置に応じた反力のうち絶対値が大きな方を操舵反力トルクオフセット量として選択する。
リミッタ処理部36dは、操舵反力トルクオフセット量の最大値および変化率の上限を制限する。例えば、最大値は2Nm、変化率の上限は10Nm/sとする。また、リミッタ処理部36dは、逸脱判定部32dから出力される逸脱フラグがセット(=1)された場合には、逸脱フラグがリセット(=0)されるまでの間、出力する操舵反力トルクオフセット量を、逸脱フラグがセットされる直前に出力した値に保持する。逸脱フラグがリセットされた後は、操舵反力トルクオフセット量を演算値まで戻すが、操舵反力の急変を抑制するために、操舵反力トルクオフセット量を所定の変化率により徐々に演算値まで変化させる。
乗算器39aは、ヨー角に車速を乗じて車両の横速度を求める。
除算器39bは、前方注視点での左白線に対する横位置を横速度で除して左白線に対する逸脱余裕時間を求める。
除算器39cは、前方注視点での右白線に対する横位置を横速度で除して右白線に対する逸脱余裕時間を求める。
逸脱余裕時間選択部39dは、左右白線に対する逸脱余裕時間のうち短い方を逸脱余裕時間として選択する。
逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力演算部39eは、逸脱余裕時間に基づき、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力を演算する。逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力は、逸脱余裕時間に反比例(逸脱余裕時間の逆数に比例)し、3秒以上でほぼゼロとなる特性を有する。
減算器40aは、あらかじめ設定された目標左横位置(例えば、90cm)から左車線に対する横位置を減じて左車線に対する横位置偏差を求める。
減算器40bは、あらかじめ設定された目標右横位置(例えば、90cm)から右車線に対する横位置を減じて右車線に対する横位置偏差を求める。
横位置偏差選択部40cは、左右車線に対する横位置偏差のうち大きな方を横位置偏差として選択する。
横位置偏差に応じた反力演算部40dは、横位置偏差に基づき、横位置に応じた反力を演算する。横位置に応じた反力は、横位置偏差が大きいほど大きくなる特性とし、上限を設定する。
[横位置に応じた反力オフセット制御作用]
横位置に応じた反力オフセット制御は、横位置に応じた反力を操舵反力トルクオフセット量として操舵反力トルクに加算する。これにより、セルフアライニングトルクに応じた操舵反力トルクを表す操舵反力特性は、図8に示すように、白線までの距離が短くなるほど操舵反力トルクの絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットされる。なお、図8は右車線に近い場合であり、左車線に近い場合は図8と反対方向にオフセットされる。
逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力オフセット制御は、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力を操舵反力トルクオフセット量として操舵反力トルクに加算する。これにより、セルフアライニングトルクに応じた操舵反力トルクを表す操舵反力特性は、図8に示したように、逸脱余裕時間が短くなるほど操舵反力トルクの絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットされる。なお、図8は右車線に近い場合であり、左車線に近い場合は図8と反対方向にオフセットされる。
操舵反力制御部20では、操舵反力トルクオフセット部36において、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力と横位置に応じた反力のうち絶対値が大きな方を操舵反力トルクオフセット量として選択し、加算器20cにおいて、操舵反力トルクに操舵反力トルクオフセット量を加算する。これにより、逸脱余裕時間または横位置に応じて操舵反力特性が操舵反力トルクの絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットされる。
逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力オフセット制御では、自車と白線とが平行である場合、すなわち、ヨー角がゼロである場合、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力はゼロである。このため、自車が白線に近い位置であっても、ヨー角が小さい場合には、僅かな反力しか出すことができない。これに対し、横位置に応じた反力オフセット制御では、白線までの距離に比例して反力(横位置に応じた反力)を生成するため、白線までの距離が短くなるほど大きな反力を出すことができ、自車を走行車線中央付近に戻しやすくすることができる。
よって、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力オフセット制御と横位置に応じた反力オフセット制御を併用することにより、白線までの距離に応じて安定的な反力を付与しつつ、車線逸脱を効果的に抑制できる。このとき、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力と横位置に応じた反力のうち絶対値が大きな方を用いることで、常に必要とされる最適な操舵反力を付与できる。
従来の車線内走行支援装置では、車線逸脱有りと判定した場合、走行車線内に戻す方向に電動パワーステアリングのアシスト力を増加させることで、ドライバに車両を車線内に戻す操作を促しているものの、アシスト力増加によって得られる転舵角はドライバの保舵力により変動するため、車両挙動がばらつき、狙いとする車両挙動が得られない。
例えば、図11(a)のようにドライバがしっかりとステアリングホイールを握っている場合、ドライバの保舵力に打ち勝って前輪を転舵させる力が小さいため、アシスト力増加によって得られる転舵角が小さくなり、車線の逸脱を防止できない。一方、図11(b)のようにドライバが軽くステアリングホイールを握っている場合、ドライバの保舵力に打ち勝って前輪を転舵させる力が過大となり、車線内に深く戻ってしまう。
一方、操舵反力については、LDP指令転舵角を反映させず、操舵角と車速とから推定したタイヤ横力に応じた操舵反力を付与することで、LDP指令転舵角の付与およびSBW指令転舵角とLDP指令転舵角との切り替えによって生じるタイヤ横力の変動が操舵反力に反映されないため、ドライバに違和感を与えることはない。
また、リミッタ処理部32iは、増加時であっても、LDP指令転舵角が所定角度以上である場合(Cの領域)には、LDP指令転舵角が所定角度未満である場合(Aの領域)よりもレートリミッタ値を小さくする。LDP指令転舵角が大きな領域において、増加から減少に転じる地点(ピーク点)の横G変化が大きいと、乗員が不快に感じるヨージャークが大きくなり、乗員の体や頭が大きく振られることで不快感を与えてしまう。よって、LDP指令転舵角が所定角度以上である場合には増加勾配を小さくすることで、ピーク点の横G変化を小さくでき、ヨージャークを小さくして乗員に与える不快感を軽減できる。
(1) 運転者の操舵入力を受けるステアリングホイール6と、ステアリングホイール6と機械的に切り離された前輪5L,5Rを転舵する転舵部2と、走行車線に対する車線逸脱の有無を判定する逸脱判定部32dと、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるためのLDP指令転舵角を演算するLDP指令転舵角演算部32と、車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には操舵角に応じたSBW指令転舵角に基づいて前輪5L,5Rの転舵角を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合にはLDP指令転舵角に基づいて転舵角を制御する転舵制御部19と、LDP指令転舵角をステアリングホイール6に付与する操舵反力に反映させず、操舵角に基づいて操舵反力を制御する操舵反力制御部20と、を備えた。
これにより、運転者の保舵力にかかわらず狙いの車両挙動が得られる。
これにより、操舵トルク中立位置が操舵角中立位置よりも切り増し側へオフセットされるため、修正操舵時における操舵トルクの符号の反転が抑制される。この結果、ドライバが力をコントロールする方向が切り替わりにくくなるため、ドライバの操舵負担を軽減できる。
また、LDP指令転舵角の付与により生じる横位置および逸脱余裕時間の変化が操舵反力に反映されないため、ドライバに与える違和感を軽減できる。
これにより、白線までの距離に応じて安定的な反力を付与しつつ、車線逸脱を効果的に抑制できる。このとき、逸脱余裕時間に応じた反力と横位置に応じた反力のうち絶対値が大きな方を用いることで、常に必要とされる最適な操舵反力を付与できる。
これにより、ドライバにより早く車線逸脱を回避する操舵を促すことができると共に、車線逸脱回避後の車両挙動の急変を抑制できる。
これにより、LDP指令転舵角が増加から減少に転じる地点で発生するヨージャークを抑制して乗員に与える違和感を軽減できる。
これにより、運転者の保舵力にかかわらず狙いの車両挙動が得られる。
これにより、運転者の保舵力にかかわらず狙いの車両挙動が得られる。
実施例2の操舵装置は、操舵反力制御部の構成が実施例1と相違する。
[操舵反力制御部]
図14は、実施例2の操舵反力制御部50の制御ブロック図である。図3に示した実施例1と相違する部位のみ説明する。
横Gセンサ51は、車両の横方向加速度(横G)を検出する。
ヨーレイトセンサ52は、車両のヨーレイトを検出する。
FB横力演算部53は、横Gとヨーレイトに基づき、公知の2輪モデルを用いてフィードバック(FB)タイヤ横力を演算する。
SAT演算部55は、車速に応じた配分比率Gvと横力差分に応じた配分比率Gfとを乗じてゲインkを求め、FFタイヤ横力にゲインkを乗じた値とFBタイヤ横力にゲイン(1-k)を乗じた値とを加算して最終的なタイヤ横力を求める。なお、SAT演算部55は、逸脱判定部32dから出力される逸脱フラグがセットされた場合には、逸脱フラグがリセットされるまでの間、ゲインkを1、ゲイン(1-k)をゼロとする。
[FFタイヤ横力とFBタイヤ横力によるタイヤ横力演算作用]
実施例2では、操舵反力制御部50のSAT演算部55において、車速および操舵角からFFタイヤ横力を推定すると共に、旋回状態量である横GおよびヨーレイトからFBタイヤ横力を推定している。そして、車速および横力差分に応じてFFタイヤ横力とFBタイヤ横力との重み付けを行い、最終的なタイヤ横力を求めている。FBタイヤ横力は、路面状態の変化や車両状態の変化に応じて変化する。一方、FFタイヤ横力は、路面状態の変化等にかかわらず滑らかに変化する。このため、FFタイヤ横力は、タイヤ特性の非線形性が現れる車速閾値未満のときには、推定精度が低下する。これに対し、FBタイヤ横力の推定精度は、車速にかかわらずほぼ一定である。
実施例2では、SAT演算部55において、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、FFタイヤ横力のみに基づいて指令操舵反力トルクを演算する。よって、LDP指令転舵角の付与により生じる横Gおよびヨーレイトの変化が操舵反力に反映されないため、ドライバに与える違和感を軽減できる。
(8) 運転者の操舵入力を受けるステアリングホイール6と、ステアリングホイール6と機械的に切り離された前輪5L,5Rを転舵する転舵部2と、車両の横Gを検出する横Gセンサ51と、車両のヨーレイトを検出するヨーレイトセンサ52と、走行車線に対する車線逸脱の有無を判定する逸脱判定部32dと、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるためのLDP指令転舵角を演算するLDP指令転舵角演算部32と、車線逸脱無しと判定された場合にはステアリングホイール6の操舵角に応じたSBW指令転舵角に基づいて前輪5L,5Rの転舵角を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合にはLDP指令転舵角に基づいて転舵角を制御する転舵制御部19と、車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には操舵角に応じたFFタイヤ横力と横Gとヨーレイトとに応じたFBタイヤ横力との少なくとも一方に基づいてステアリングホイール6に付与する操舵反力を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合にはFBタイヤ横力をステアリングホイール6に付与する操舵反力に反映させず、FFタイヤ横力に基づいて操舵反力を制御する操舵反力制御部50と、を備えた。
これにより、運転者の保舵力にかかわらず狙いの車両挙動が得られる。
また、LDP指令転舵角の付与により生じる横Gおよびヨーレイトの変化が操舵反力に反映されないため、ドライバに与える違和感を軽減できる。
これにより、操舵トルク中立位置が操舵角中立位置よりも切り増し側へオフセットされるため、修正操舵時における操舵トルクの符号の反転が抑制される。この結果、ドライバが力をコントロールする方向が切り替わりにくくなるため、ドライバの操舵負担を軽減できる。
また、LDP指令転舵角の付与により生じる横位置および逸脱余裕時間の変化が操舵反力に反映されないため、ドライバに与える違和感を軽減できる。
以上、本発明を実施するための形態を、実施例に基づいて説明したが、本発明の具体的な構成は、実施例に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。
Claims (9)
- 運転者の操舵入力を受ける操舵部と、
前記操舵部と機械的に切り離され転舵輪を転舵する転舵部と、
走行車線に対する車線逸脱の有無を判定する車線逸脱判定手段と、
車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるための走行支援転舵量を演算する走行支援転舵量演算手段と、
車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には前記操舵部の操舵量に基づいて前記転舵部の転舵量を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には前記走行支援転舵量に基づいて前記転舵量を制御する転舵制御手段と、
前記走行支援転舵量を前記操舵部に付与する操舵反力に反映させず、前記操舵量に基づいて前記操舵反力を制御する操舵反力制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 運転者の操舵入力を受ける操舵部と、
前記操舵部と機械的に切り離され転舵輪を転舵する転舵部と、
車両の旋回状態量を検出する旋回状態量検出手段と、
走行車線に対する車線逸脱の有無を判定する車線逸脱判定手段と、
車線逸脱有りと判定された場合、車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるための走行支援転舵量を演算する走行支援転舵量演算手段と、
車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には前記操舵部の操舵量に基づいて前記転舵部の転舵量を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には前記走行支援転舵量に基づいて前記転舵量を制御する転舵制御手段と、
車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には前記操舵量と前記旋回状態量との少なくとも一方に基づいて前記操舵部に付与する操舵反力を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には前記旋回状態量を前記操舵反力に反映させず、前記操舵量に基づいて前記操舵反力を制御する操舵反力制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車線内走行支援装置において、
前記操舵量に基づいてセルフアライニングトルクを推定するセルフアライニングトルク推定手段と、
前記セルフアライニングトルクと操舵反力を座標軸とする座標上に、セルフアライニングトルクが大きいほど大きな操舵反力となる操舵反力特性を設定し、当該操舵反力特性に基づいて目標操舵反力を演算する目標操舵反力演算手段と、
白線に対する自車の横位置を検出する横位置検出手段と、
前記座標上で前記操舵反力特性を前記横位置が白線に近いほど前記操舵反力の絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットするオフセット手段と、
を備え、
前記操舵反力制御手段は、前記目標操舵反力に基づいて前記操舵部に操舵反力を付与し、
前記オフセット手段は、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には、当該判定直前のオフセット量を維持することを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 請求項2に記載の車線内走行支援装置において、
前記操舵量と前記旋回状態量との少なくとも一方に基づいてセルフアライニングトルクを推定するセルフアライニングトルク推定手段と、
前記セルフアライニングトルクと操舵反力を座標軸とする座標上に、セルフアライニングトルクが大きいほど大きな操舵反力となる操舵反力特性を設定し、当該操舵反力特性に基づいて目標操舵反力を演算する目標操舵反力演算手段と、
白線に対する自車の横位置を検出する横位置検出手段と、
前記座標上で前記操舵反力特性を前記横位置が白線に近いほど前記操舵反力の絶対値が大きくなる方向へオフセットするオフセット手段と、
を備え、
前記操舵反力制御手段は、前記目標操舵反力に基づいて前記操舵部に操舵反力を付与し、
前記オフセット手段は、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には、当該判定直前のオフセット量を維持することを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 請求項3または4に記載の車線内走行支援装置において、
自車が白線に到達する時間である余裕時間を算出する余裕時間算出手段を備え、
前記オフセット手段は、前記検出された横位置が白線に近いほど大きな横位置オフセット量を算出すると共に、前記算出された余裕時間が短いほど大きな余裕時間オフセット量を算出し、前記横位置オフセット量と前記余裕時間オフセット量のうち大きい方を用いて前記オフセットを行うことを特徴とする操舵制御装置。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の車線内走行支援装置において、
前記走行支援転舵量の変化を制限する変化制限部を設け、
前記変化制限部は、前記走行支援転舵量の増加勾配を減少勾配よりも大きくすることを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の車線内走行支援装置において、
前記変化制限部は、前記走行支援転舵量が所定量以上の場合には、前記所定量未満の場合よりも前記増加勾配を小さくすることを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。 - 操舵部と機械的に切り離された転舵部の転舵量を制御する際、車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には前記操舵部の操舵量に基づいて前記転舵部の転舵量を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるための走行支援転舵量に基づいて前記転舵量を制御する一方、前記走行支援転舵量を前記操舵部に付与する操舵反力に反映させず、前記操舵量に基づいて前記操舵反力を制御することを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。
- 走行車線に対する車線逸脱の有無を判定するセンサと、
操舵部と機械的に切り離された転舵部の転舵量を制御する際、車線逸脱無しと判定された場合には前記操舵部の操舵量に基づいて前記転舵部の転舵量を制御し、車線逸脱有りと判定された場合には車両を車線内に戻す方向にヨーモーメントを発生させるための走行支援転舵量に基づいて前記転舵量を制御する一方、前記走行支援転舵量を前記操舵部に付与する操舵反力に反映させず、前記操舵量に基づいて前記操舵反力を制御するコントローラと、
を備えたことを特徴とする車線内走行支援装置。
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