WO2014097591A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014097591A1 WO2014097591A1 PCT/JP2013/007339 JP2013007339W WO2014097591A1 WO 2014097591 A1 WO2014097591 A1 WO 2014097591A1 JP 2013007339 W JP2013007339 W JP 2013007339W WO 2014097591 A1 WO2014097591 A1 WO 2014097591A1
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- liquid crystal
- light
- film
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- voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13476—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer assumes a scattering state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the structure and control of a liquid crystal display device.
- a conventional liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell unit and a backlight.
- the backlight is a surface light source device that provides planar light to the liquid crystal cell unit.
- the liquid crystal cell part is formed of layered components. The components of the liquid crystal cell unit are arranged in the order of a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, a color filter, a liquid crystal layer, a glass substrate, and a polarizing plate from the display surface side (for example, Patent Document 1).
- JP 2004-117562 (paragraph 0011, paragraph 0012, FIG. 1)
- the polarizing plate in the conventional liquid crystal display device transmits only light having an amplitude component in a specific direction. The remaining light is absorbed by iodine or the like inside the polarizing plate. Accordingly, when the backlight is not turned on in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the display surface looks black because external light is absorbed by iodine or the like inside the polarizing plate.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which a display surface does not become black when an image is not displayed.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is disposed on the display surface side of the liquid crystal cell member having a first liquid crystal layer that changes the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules by the first voltage applied, A light-modulating member whose light transmittance changes with voltage applied, and is disposed between the light-modulating member and the first liquid crystal layer, transmits specific polarized light, and reflects other polarized light And a control unit that changes an application state of the second voltage, and a polarization direction of light incident on the reflective polarizing member from the first liquid crystal layer is determined by the reflective polarizing member.
- the control unit has the same light transmission direction as that of the light transmitted through the light control member.
- the light control member has a light transmittance of the light control member when the backlight unit is turned on, and the light control member when the backlight unit is turned off.
- the application state of the second voltage is changed so as to be higher than the transmittance of
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device with a reduced degree of blackening of the display surface when no image is displayed on the liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal cell unit according to the first embodiment.
- 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a light control film of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a light control film of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing an electrochromic film of a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a light control film of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for driving a light control film of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram illustrating another example of a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a liquid crystal shutter unit according to a fourth embodiment.
- Embodiment 1 FIG. In the following, description will be made using XYZ coordinates in order to facilitate explanation of the drawings.
- the display surface of the liquid crystal display device has, for example, a rectangular shape.
- the short side direction of the display surface is the X-axis direction
- the long side direction is the Y-axis direction
- the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is the Z-axis direction.
- the display surface side of the liquid crystal display device 100 is defined as the + Z-axis direction.
- the upward direction of the liquid crystal display device is defined as the + X axis direction.
- the right side when viewing the display surface of the liquid crystal display device 100 is defined as the + Y-axis direction.
- “Looking at the display surface” means viewing the display surface facing the display surface of the liquid crystal display device.
- the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is simply referred to as “display surface”.
- the + Z-axis direction is called “front”.
- -The Z-axis direction is called the “back”.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a cross section of the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4.
- the housing 1 includes a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4 inside.
- the backlight unit 2 is located inside the housing 1 and is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) of the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the backlight unit 2.
- the light control part 4 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction side) from the liquid crystal cell part 3. That is, the backlight unit 2, the liquid crystal cell unit 3, and the light control unit 4 are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction side).
- the “surface” is the outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device in the direction in which an image is displayed. That is, it is the surface on the most + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal display device. “Front side” means “front side”.
- the backlight unit 2 includes a light source 5, a light guide plate 7, and a reflective polarizing film 10a. Moreover, the backlight part 2 can have the reflective sheet 6, the diffusion film 8, or the brightness enhancement film 9.
- the light source 5 emits illumination light that illuminates the liquid crystal cell unit 3. The light source 5 emits light toward the light guide plate 7. The position of the light source 5 will be described later.
- “Polarized light” represents the characteristic that light vibrates only in a specific direction. “Polarized light” refers to light having polarization characteristics. The direction of vibration of the polarized light is regular.
- the reflection sheet 6 is located on the most back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) in the backlight unit 2.
- the light guide plate 7 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) from the reflection sheet 6.
- the reflection sheet 6 has a function of reflecting a part of light emitted from the light guide plate 7 to the back side to the surface 17a side. That is, the reflection sheet 6 has a function of collecting light on the surface 17a side.
- the diffusion film 8 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the light guide plate 7.
- the diffusion film 8 has a function of diffusing transmitted light and making it uniform.
- the brightness enhancement film 9 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the diffusion film 8.
- the brightness increasing film 9 has a function of collecting the light emitted from the light source 5 and increasing the brightness on the front surface on the surface 17a side.
- the reflective polarizing film 10a is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) from the brightness enhancement film 9.
- the reflective polarizing film 10a has a function of transmitting only light oscillating in one direction and reflecting light oscillating in another direction.
- the light control unit 4 includes a reflective polarizing film 10 b and a light control film 17.
- the light control unit 4 has a function of transmitting image light generated by the liquid crystal cell unit 3, a function of reducing light, or a function of shielding light.
- “Dimming” means reducing the intensity of light. In other words, the image displayed on the liquid crystal display device is darkened.
- the surface on the + Z-axis direction side of the light control film 17 is the surface 17a.
- Image light refers to light having image information. The image light is produced by the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the surface on the + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is a video display surface.
- the light control film 17 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) from the reflective polarizing film 10b. That is, the reflective polarizing film 10 b is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) with respect to the light control film 17.
- the light control film 17 is located closest to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) in the light control unit 4.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b has a function of transmitting only light oscillating in a certain direction and reflecting light oscillating in the other direction.
- the light control film 17 has a function of changing the amount of transmitted light by controlling the electric field inside the light control film.
- the “side edge method” is a method in which a light source is disposed on the side surface of a transparent light guide plate, and light emitted from the light source is guided through the inside of the light guide plate while being repeatedly reflected and emitted to the surface of the light guide plate.
- “Idemitsu” means that light comes out.
- “Light is emitted on the surface” means that light is emitted from the surface.
- “Guidance” means to guide.
- the light incident on the inside of the light guide plate travels along the inside of the light guide plate.
- the side edge method is also called an edge light method, a side light method, or a light guide plate method.
- the housing 1 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the + Z-axis direction.
- a plurality of light sources 5 are arranged on the short side of the housing 1.
- a plurality of light sources 5 are arranged to face the side surface on the short side of the light guide plate 7.
- the light source 5 is fixed to the housing 1 with a metal support member having a thermal diffusion action. “Thermal diffusion” refers to a phenomenon in which heat diffuses from a high temperature region to a low temperature region.
- the performance of blue light emitting diodes has improved dramatically.
- the backlight apparatus has employ
- the white LED has a blue LED element and a yellow phosphor.
- the yellow phosphor absorbs blue light emitted by the blue LED element and emits yellow light.
- Yellow is a color including green and red, and is a complementary color of blue. For this reason, white LED emits white light.
- the light guide plate 7 has a rectangular shape.
- the light source 5 is disposed to face the side surface on the short side of the light guide plate 7.
- the light emitted from the light source 5 enters the light guide plate 7 from the side surface on the short side of the light guide plate 7.
- a side surface says the surface of the up-down direction and the left-right direction with respect to the surface 17a, when the surface 17a is made into the front. That is, in FIG. 1, a plane parallel to the YZ plane and a plane parallel to the ZX plane.
- the light guide plate 7 converts light incident from the plurality of light sources 5 into uniform planar light.
- the light guide plate 7 converts the “linear light” incident from the side surface into “uniform surface light” using the prism structure arranged on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis side), It emits to the 17a side (+ Z-axis direction). That is, the light guide plate 7 emits planar light as a surface light source.
- the “surface light source” means a light source that emits light from a surface.
- the reflection sheet 6 reflects light and redirects the traveling direction of the light to the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction).
- the reflection sheet 6 has a function of reflecting light and collecting it on the front surface on the surface 17a side.
- the light emitted from the light guide plate 7 to the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) passes through the diffusion film 8, the brightness enhancement film 9, and the reflective polarizing film 10a, and enters the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the brightness enhancement film 9 is disposed on the liquid crystal cell unit 3 side (+ Z axis direction) of the light guide plate 7.
- the brightness enhancement film 9 collects the light emitted from the light source 5 and increases the brightness on the front surface on the surface 17a side. Thereby, the brightness
- the light transmitted through the brightness enhancement film 9 enters the reflective polarizing film 10a.
- the reflective polarizing film 10a transmits only light that vibrates in one direction and reflects light that vibrates in the other direction.
- a general polarizing plate transmits only light that vibrates in one direction and absorbs light that vibrates in the other direction.
- the reflective polarizing film for example, a 3M multilayer film of the United States is known.
- a wire grid polarizing plate is a non-absorbing polarizing plate in which a metal material is deposited on a substrate and a wire-like grid is formed by fine etching at a nanometer level. Since no organic material is used, it has excellent heat resistance and light resistance.
- the light reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10 a is repeatedly reflected inside the backlight unit 2.
- the light reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10a due to reflection inside the backlight unit 2 changes its polarization direction and passes through the reflective polarizing film 10a.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 includes polarizing plates 11a and 11b, glass plates 12a and 12b, alignment films 16a and 16b, a transparent electrode 13, a liquid crystal layer 14, and a color filter 15.
- the transparent electrode 13 includes a transparent electrode 13a and a transparent electrode 13b.
- the polarizing plate 11a is located on the most back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) in the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the glass plate 12a is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the polarizing plate 11a.
- the alignment film 16a is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the glass plate 12a.
- the transparent electrode 13a is located in the layer of the alignment film 16a.
- the liquid crystal layer 14 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the alignment film 16a.
- the alignment film 16b is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the liquid crystal layer.
- the transparent electrode 13b is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the alignment film 16b.
- the color filter 15 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the transparent electrode 13b.
- the glass plate 12b is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) from the color filter 15.
- the polarizing plate 11b is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the glass plate 12b.
- the polarizing plate 11b is located on the side closest to the surface 17a (in the + Z-axis direction) in the liquid crystal cell unit 3. That is, from the ⁇ Z direction to the + Z direction, the polarizing plate 11a, the glass plate 12a, the transparent electrode 13a, the liquid crystal layer 14, the alignment film 16b, the transparent electrode 13b, the color filter 15, the glass plate 12b, and the polarizing plate 11b are sequentially arranged.
- the alignment film 16 a is located in the same layer as the transparent electrode 13.
- the alignment film 16 is a film having grooves.
- the alignment film 16a and the alignment film 16b will be collectively described as the alignment film 16.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 When the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 are brought into contact with the alignment film 16, the liquid crystal molecules change their arrangement along the grooves.
- the alignment film 16a and the alignment film 16b are arranged so that the groove directions are different by 90 degrees and the liquid crystal layer 14 is sandwiched, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 are twisted by 90 degrees and arranged.
- “Alignment” means aligning liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction.
- the transparent electrode 13 applies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 14.
- the transparent electrode 13 applies a voltage between the transparent electrode 13a and the transparent electrode 13b.
- the transparent electrode 13a and the transparent electrode 13b are collectively described as the transparent electrode 13.
- the transparent electrode 13 is made of a transparent material like glass. Therefore, the transparent electrode 13 allows light from the light source 5 to pass through. It should be noted that the transparent electrode 13 includes a case where the transparent electrode 13 is not transparent to the viewer who is viewing the liquid crystal display device 100 because the width of the electrode is very narrow.
- the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a is rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11b. Specifically, for example, when the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a is polarized in the X-axis direction, the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11b is polarized in the Y-axis direction.
- the “polarizing plate” is a plate that transmits only light polarized in a specific direction.
- polarized light in the X-axis direction is vertical polarized light.
- “Polarized in the Y-axis direction” is horizontal polarized light.
- the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a is the X-axis direction (vertical polarization), and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11b is the Y-axis direction (horizontal polarization).
- the reflective polarizing film 10a transmits light having the same polarization direction as that of the polarizing plate 11a. That is, the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10a is the same as the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a. For this reason, the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10a will be described as the X-axis direction (vertical polarization).
- the reflective polarizing film 10 a is disposed inside the backlight unit 2. If the polarizing plate 11a is vertically polarized light, the reflective polarizing film 10a is also vertically polarized light. In the following description, it is assumed that the polarizing plate 11a is vertically polarized light.
- the light transmitted through the reflective polarizing film 10a inside the backlight unit 2 is also transmitted through the polarizing plate 11a.
- the light transmitted through the polarizing plate 11 a travels along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 14.
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is a TN type (twisted nematic mode, twisted nematic type) liquid crystal
- the TN liquid crystal liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is twisted 90 degrees on the XY plane in the state where no voltage is applied. That is, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is the Y-axis direction on the ⁇ Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal cell unit 3 and the X-axis direction on the + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules on the ⁇ Z axis direction side of the liquid crystal layer 14 is on the XY plane with respect to the polarization direction (X axis polarization) of the polarizing plate 11a. It is in a state rotated by 90 degrees (Y-axis direction).
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules on the + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal layer 14 is in a state (X-axis direction) rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane with respect to the polarization direction (Y-axis polarization) of the polarizing plate 11b. . That is, in the liquid crystal layer 14, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is in a state of being rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane from the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) to the vertical direction (X-axis direction).
- the light traveling along the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 14 from the ⁇ Z-axis direction side to the + Z-axis direction side has its polarization direction rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane as it travels through the liquid crystal layer 14. For this reason, the light traveling along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 14 can pass through the polarizing plate 11b on the light control unit 4 side.
- Vertically polarized light can pass through a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer. Also, horizontally polarized light can be transmitted through the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer.
- the twist between the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 and the light can be removed. That is, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 are not in a state of being rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 14 changes in the Z-axis direction. For this reason, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 14 from the ⁇ Z-axis direction side only hits a portion where the projected area of the liquid crystal molecules is small, so the vibration direction of the light hardly changes. For this reason, the light cannot pass through the polarizing plate 11b (polarized light in the Y-axis direction) disposed 90 degrees on the XY plane with respect to the polarizing plate 11a (polarized light in the X-axis direction).
- the liquid crystal cell part is a VA type (Vertical Alignment mode, vertical alignment type) liquid crystal
- VA type liquid crystal is a combination of a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric constant and a vertical alignment film.
- the liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicularly (Z-axis direction) to the polarizing plates 11a and 11b.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 are aligned perpendicular to the alignment films 16a and 16b.
- the incident light only hits a portion where the projected area of the liquid crystal molecules is small, so the vibration direction of the light hardly changes.
- the light travels through the liquid crystal layer 14 as it is and cannot pass through the polarizing plate 11b located on the light control unit 4 side. That is, light travels through the liquid crystal layer 14 without changing the vibration direction and reaches the polarizing plate 11b. For this reason, light cannot permeate
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 are aligned in parallel to the alignment films 16a and 16b. That is, the liquid crystal molecules sleep on the alignment films 16a and 16b. “To go to sleep” means to lie down. As a result, the projected area of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to light increases. The vibration direction of light changes due to the influence of the birefringence of the liquid crystal. For this reason, the light passes through the polarizing plate 11b whose polarizing direction is 90 degrees different from that of the polarizing plate 11a on the XY plane.
- an IPS liquid crystal or OCB liquid crystal may be used for the liquid crystal cell portion 3 shown in FIG.
- the IPS type liquid crystal is characterized in that the transparent electrode 13 is disposed only on one side of the liquid crystal layer 14 and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules rotates parallel to the surface 17a depending on whether or not a voltage is applied.
- the OCB type liquid crystal is characterized in that the liquid crystal is arranged in a bow shape when no voltage is applied.
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 enters the light control unit 4.
- the light control unit 4 includes a reflective polarizing film 10 b and a light control film 17.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b is disposed on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) of the light control film 17.
- the light control film 17 changes the light transmission amount by applying a voltage.
- the light control film 17 can employ a liquid crystal capsule method.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b is the same as the reflective polarizing film 10a.
- the reflective polarizing film 10 b is disposed inside the light control unit 4.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b has a characteristic of reflecting without absorbing light whose polarization direction does not match.
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 and incident on the reflective polarizing film 10b is polarized in the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) by transmitting through the polarizing plate 11b.
- the polarizing plate 11 b is located on the light control unit 4 side of the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b coincides with the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11b.
- the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11b is the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction).
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b is the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction).
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 and incident on the reflective polarizing film 10b is transmitted without being reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- Non-polarized light is light whose vibration direction is not regular, and light that vibrates uniformly in all directions. All the light gathers on average and the polarization is not directional.
- 50% of the external light incident on the reflective polarizing film 10b from the surface 17a side is reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the 50% of the reflected light is light that does not match the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the remaining 50% of light travels in the direction of the liquid crystal cell unit 3 ( ⁇ Z-axis direction) and is transmitted through the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the liquid crystal capsule type light control film 17 has a structure in which a polymer film 19 is sandwiched between a transparent conductive film 20a and a transparent conductive film 20b.
- the polymer film 19 includes a liquid crystal capsule 18.
- the liquid crystal capsule 18 is obtained by placing liquid crystal molecules in a microcapsule such as a resin.
- the transparent conductive film 20a is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction).
- the transparent conductive film 20b is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction).
- the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b are sandwiched between the protective film 21a on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) and the protective film 21b on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction). That is, the protective film 21a is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) of the transparent conductive film 20a. Moreover, the protective film 21b is located in the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) of the transparent conductive film 20b.
- the transparent electrode 20 applies a voltage to the liquid crystal capsule 18.
- the transparent electrode 20a and the transparent electrode 20b are collectively described as the transparent electrode 20.
- the transparent electrode 20 is made of a transparent material like glass. Therefore, the transparent electrode 20 allows light from the light source 5 to pass through. It should be noted that the transparent electrode 20 includes a case where the transparent electrode 20 is not transparent, but is not visible to a viewer who views the liquid crystal display device 100 because, for example, the width of the electrode is very thin.
- the protective films 21a and 21b are intended to electrically protect the inside of the light control film 17.
- the protective films 21a and 21b are for the purpose of physically protecting the inside of the light control film 17.
- the protective films 21a and 21b are made of a transparent and insulating resin.
- the resin has a role of protecting against external pressure or preventing moisture from entering.
- FIG. 3 shows a case where no voltage is applied between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b of the light control film 17.
- the control unit 23 includes a power supply V and a switch S.
- the switch S connected to the power source V is cut off.
- One end of the power supply V is connected to the transparent conductive film 20a.
- the other end of the power supply V is connected to one end of the switch S.
- the other end of the switch S is connected to the transparent conductive film 20b.
- the power source V is turned on and off by the switch S.
- the power supply V has a function of continuously changing the voltage.
- a part of the external light 22 passes through the light control film 17. That is, several percent of the outside light 22 passes through the light control film 17. That is, the external light that is transmitted without being scattered by the light control film 17 is several percent. “External light that is transmitted without being scattered” is external light that travels as it is without significantly changing the optical path even if it is incident on the light control film 17. Among external light reflected by internal components, several percent of external light comes out without being greatly scattered. For this reason, the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the light control film 17 is slightly seen through and the inside of the housing 1 can be seen. However, since the amount of light reflected is relatively large, the light control film 17 looks white as a whole. That is, the light control film 17 looks white as a whole.
- control part 23 changes the state of the electric field in the light control film 17 in the state which applied the voltage between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b. That is, the control unit 23 changes the voltage application state between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b.
- the surface of the liquid crystal cell part 3 (the surface on the + Z-axis direction side) is generally black. This is because light other than a specific polarization direction is absorbed by a polarizing element such as iodine molecules of the polarizing plate 11b.
- the polarizing plate 11 b is disposed on the surface of the liquid crystal cell unit 3. Therefore, when the light control film 17 is directly disposed on the surface side of the liquid crystal cell unit 3, a part of the external light 22 transmitted through the light control film 17 is absorbed by the polarizing plate 11b. For this reason, the light control film 17 looks dark milky white. “Milk white” means milky white with a slight yellowishness.
- the polarizing plate 11 transmits only light that vibrates in one direction and absorbs light that vibrates in the other direction. That is, the appearance of the polarizing plate 11 looks dark.
- the reflective polarizing film 10 transmits only light that vibrates in one direction and reflects light that vibrates in the other direction. That is, the appearance of the reflective polarizing film 10 looks like a mirror.
- the reflective polarizing film 10 b When the reflective polarizing film 10 b is disposed between the light control film 17 and the liquid crystal cell unit 3, a part of the external light 22 cannot travel straight on the light control film 17 and is scattered. Further, most of the external light 22 that has passed through the light control film 17 is reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10b. Due to this scattering and reflection, the light control film 17 looks bright milky white.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where a voltage is applied between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b.
- a potential is applied between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule 18 are aligned perpendicular to the transparent conductive film 20a.
- the external light 22 can go straight without being scattered. That is, the light control film 17 becomes transparent. Thereby, the external light 22 can go straight without being scattered.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b is the same as the polarizing plate 11b on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) of the liquid crystal cell unit 3. For this reason, the light emitted from the liquid crystal cell unit 3 passes through the reflective polarizing film 10b with almost no loss. That is, light is transmitted through the reflective polarizing film 10b while suppressing loss. Thereby, the light radiate
- the transmittance for transmitting parallel light rays through the light control film 17 is 70% or more. This transmittance is sufficiently larger than the transmittance of a half mirror described later. The transmittance of the half mirror is about 50%. For this reason, it is possible to minimize a decrease in luminance in the light control unit 4.
- an image when an image is displayed on the liquid crystal cell unit 3, an image can be displayed as usual by applying a voltage to the light control film 17 to make it transparent.
- the display surface can be milky white by not applying a voltage to the light control film 17. “When no image is displayed on the liquid crystal cell unit” is when the liquid crystal display device 100 is not used. “Milk white” means milky white with a slight yellowishness.
- the liquid crystal display device in which a half mirror is disposed in front of the liquid crystal display device, and a mirror is used when the liquid crystal display device is not displayed, thereby avoiding a black display surface when no image is displayed.
- the “half mirror” refers to a mirror that reflects a part of incident light and transmits a part of the incident light, and has substantially the same amount of reflected light and transmitted light.
- the light control film 17 looks like a mirror under the condition that the liquid crystal display device 100 is not displayed.
- the light control film 17 looks like glass under the conditions for displaying the liquid crystal display device 100. From the viewpoint of power saving, the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present invention that does not require an increase in the amount of light of the backlight unit 2 is superior.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present invention in which the display surface is milky white when the liquid crystal display device is not used is more preferable than the liquid crystal display device in which the half mirror is arranged.
- the configuration using the polarizing plate 11b and the reflective polarizing film 10b has been described. This is because the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is often handled as one component, and a configuration in which a reflective polarizing film 10b is newly added is relatively easy to realize.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b may be disposed on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction) of the glass plate 12b instead.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b is determined by the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 14 and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b may be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11a on the XY plane.
- the polarization direction of the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 14 toward the reflective polarizing film 10b coincides with the polarizing direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b when displaying an image.
- the light at the time of displaying an image can be transmitted through the reflective polarizing film 10b without loss. If the polarization directions do not match, a part of light (image light) for displaying an image cannot pass through the reflective polarizing film 10b, and the image becomes dark.
- the number of parts can be reduced by using the reflective polarizing film 10b instead of the polarizing plate 11b. And assembly property can be improved. And manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, since optical components are reduced, light loss due to light absorption or light scattering is reduced. And the effect of energy saving is acquired. When a liquid crystal display device with a large screen is arranged in a room, it is possible to reduce the presence when the liquid crystal display device is not used and to achieve harmony with the interior.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a liquid crystal cell member 3, a light control member 17, a reflective polarizing member 10 b, and a control unit 23.
- the liquid crystal cell member 3 has a first liquid crystal layer 14 that changes the alignment of liquid crystal molecules by a first voltage applied.
- the light control member 17 is disposed on the display surface side of the liquid crystal cell member 3, and the light transmittance changes in the application state of the second voltage.
- the reflective polarizing member 10b is disposed between the light control member 17 and the first liquid crystal layer 14, transmits specific polarized light, and reflects other polarized light.
- the controller 23 changes the application state of the second voltage.
- the polarization direction of the light incident on the reflective polarizing member 10b from the first liquid crystal layer 14 is the same as the polarization direction of the light transmitted through the reflective polarizing member 10b.
- the controller 23 is configured so that the transmittance of the light control member 17 when the backlight unit 2 is turned on is higher than the transmittance of the light control member 17 when the backlight unit 2 is turned off. The voltage application state is changed.
- the liquid crystal cell member 3 has been described as the liquid crystal cell portion 3.
- the light control member 17 has been described as the light control film 17.
- the light control member 17 does not necessarily need to be a film.
- the light control member 17 may be a plate-shaped member, for example.
- the reflective polarizing member 10b has been described as the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the reflective polarizing member 10b is not necessarily a film.
- the reflective polarizing member 10b may be a plate-like member, for example.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 further includes a polarizing member 11b that transmits specific polarized light and absorbs other polarized light between the first liquid crystal layer 14 and the reflective polarizing member 10b.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing member 10b is the same as the polarization direction of the polarizing member 11b.
- the light control member 17 is a liquid crystal capsule method in which a polymer film in which liquid crystal is encapsulated is sandwiched between a plurality of transparent conductive films.
- the control unit 23 increases the transmittance of the dimming member 17 after displaying the image on the liquid crystal cell member 3, and stops the display of the image on the liquid crystal cell member 3 and at the same time decreases the transmittance of the dimming member 17.
- the application state of the second voltage is changed.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a cross section of the liquid crystal display device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 includes a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4a.
- the description of the same components as those in the configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the first embodiment will be omitted, and only different points will be mainly described.
- Components similar to those of the first embodiment are a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, and a liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the surface corresponding to the surface 17a in the first embodiment is the surface 30a in the second embodiment.
- the “surface” is a direction in which an image is displayed and is an outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device. That is, it is the surface on the most + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal display device.
- “Front side” means “front side”. Further, description will be made using the same XYZ coordinates as in the first embodiment.
- the housing 1 includes a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4a.
- the backlight unit 2 is disposed inside the housing 1.
- the backlight unit 2 is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the housing 1.
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) from the backlight unit 2.
- the light control part 4a is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) from the liquid crystal cell part 3. That is, the backlight unit 2, the liquid crystal cell unit 3, and the light control unit 4a are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the front surface 30a side (+ Z axis direction side).
- the structures and functions of the backlight unit 2 and the liquid crystal cell unit 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 enters the light control unit 4a.
- the light control part 4a has the electrochromic film 30 as a light control film.
- the electrochromic film 30 is provided with an electrochromic substance.
- An electrochromic substance is a substance that exhibits a characteristic in which an oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrochemical substance occurs when a voltage is applied, and the color changes due to the oxidation-reduction reaction.
- the electrochromic film 30 uses tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) as an electrochromic material.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of the structure of the electrochromic film 30.
- the electrochromic film 30 includes a protective film 32a, a transparent electrode 31a, an electrochromic material 34, an electrolyte 33, a transparent electrode 31b, and a protective film 32b.
- the protective film 32a is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the electrochromic film 30.
- the transparent electrode 31a is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z axis direction side) with respect to the protective film 32a.
- the electrochromic material 34 is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the transparent electrode 31a.
- the electrolyte 33 is located closer to the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) than the electrochromic material 34.
- the transparent electrode 31b is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the electrolyte 33.
- the protective film 32b is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the transparent electrode 31b. That is, the protective film 32a, the transparent electrode 31a, the electrochromic material 34, the electrolyte 33, the transparent electrode 31b, and the protective film 32b are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the surface 30a side (+ Z axis direction side). Has been placed.
- the control unit 35 changes the voltage application state to the transparent electrodes 31a and 31b of the electrochromic film 30.
- the control unit 35 includes a power supply V and a switch S.
- the switch S connected to the power source V is cut off.
- One end of the power supply V is connected to the transparent conductive film 31a.
- the other end of the power supply V is connected to one end of the switch S.
- the other end of the switch S is connected to the transparent conductive film 31b.
- the power source V is turned on and off by the switch S.
- the power supply V has a function of continuously changing the voltage.
- the transparent electrodes 31a and 31b are made of a transparent material like glass. Therefore, the transparent electrodes 31a and 31b pass light from the light source.
- the transparent electrodes 31a and 31b include a case where the transparent electrodes 31a and 31b themselves are not transparent.
- the case where the transparent electrode is not transparent refers to a case where the width of the electrode is so thin that it cannot be seen by a viewer viewing the liquid crystal display device 200.
- the protective films 32a and 32b are intended to electrically protect the inside of the electrochromic film 30.
- the protective films 32a and 32b are for the purpose of physically protecting the inside of the electrochromic film 30.
- the protective films 32a and 32b are made of a transparent and insulating resin.
- the protective films 32a and 32b have a role of protecting against external pressure, or preventing moisture from entering.
- Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) exhibits a characteristic that its color changes due to a redox reaction.
- Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is transparent or pale yellow, but it takes ions into a deep blue color by electrical reduction.
- the electrolyte 33 supplies ions to the electrochromic material 34 when the electrochromic material undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction.
- Electrolytes are classified into liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes.
- the liquid electrolyte has high responsiveness but has a problem of causing liquid leakage.
- Liquid leakage means that the electrolyte is exposed to the outside of the package. In order to prevent liquid leakage, it is necessary to have a complicated package process.
- “Packaging process” is a process of sealing the liquid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte has low ionic conductivity due to the property of being a solid. The low ionic conductivity deteriorates the responsiveness to changes in the voltage application state. By using a polymer electrolyte that is a gel electrolyte, the responsiveness is improved as compared with the case of a solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 33 will be described as a solid electrolyte.
- the control unit 35 applies a voltage such that the transparent electrode 31a has a negative potential with respect to the transparent electrode 31b.
- the transparent electrode 31a is in contact with tungsten oxide (WO 3 ).
- Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is the electrochromic material 34.
- the transparent electrode 31 a is supplied with ions from the electrolyte 33. That is, ions move from the electrolyte 33 toward the transparent electrode 31a. Ions have a positive charge. As a result, the electrochromic material 34 undergoes a reduction reaction to develop a color and become colored.
- the circuit is opened and the application of voltage by the control unit 35 is stopped. Then, the electrochromic material 34 maintains a colored state.
- the colored state of the electrochromic material 34 has memory characteristics. “Memory” means to memorize. “Memory characteristics” are characteristics to be stored.
- the operation of the electrochromic film 30 will be described.
- the control unit 35 applies a voltage that causes a reduction reaction to the electrochromic film 30.
- the electrochromic film 30 is in a deep blue colored state by applying a voltage that causes a reduction reaction. That is, in a state where the backlight unit 2 is turned off, the electrochromic film 30 is in a dark blue coloring state due to a reduction reaction.
- the power source of the backlight unit 2 is switched on. That is, the voltage is being applied.
- the control unit 35 applies a voltage that causes an oxidation reaction to the electrochromic film 30.
- the electrochromic film 30 becomes transparent when a voltage causing an oxidation reaction is applied. That is, in a state where the backlight unit 2 is lit, the electrochromic film 30 becomes transparent due to an oxidation reaction.
- the voltage that changes the electrochromic film 30 to be transparent is preferably applied with a delay of about 10 seconds to several tens of seconds after the video output signal is input to the liquid crystal cell unit 3. This is because, due to such a delayed voltage change, the power of the backlight unit 2 is switched on, the light is transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 on which an image is displayed and is incident on the dimming unit 4, and then the electrochromic film 30 will change to transparent. That is, after the image is displayed on the light control unit 4, the electrochromic film 30 changes to transparent. Thereby, the electrochromic film 30 is not changed to be transparent in a state where no image is displayed on the light control unit 4.
- the state in which the electrochromic film 30 changes to transparency refers to a state in which the transmittance increases with respect to the colored state and the electrochromic film 30 has a transmittance of 70% or more. That is, when the electrochromic film 30 is in a transparent state, a decrease in luminance at the light control unit 4 can be minimized. Therefore, when the electrochromic film 30 is in a transparent state, an image can be displayed on the liquid crystal display device 200 as usual.
- the control unit 35 applies a voltage that causes a reduction reaction to the electrochromic film 30 at the same time that the video output signal is not input. Therefore, the electrochromic film 30 is in a colored state at the same time as the incident light to the light control unit 4a is cut off. “The incident light is cut off” means that the backlight unit 2 is turned off.
- the electrochromic film 30 has a light control function similar to that of the light control film 17 described in the first embodiment.
- the “light control function” is a function of transmitting or diffusing light. From this, when a large-screen liquid crystal display device is arranged in a room, the presence of the liquid crystal display device when not in use can be reduced by using the electrochromic film 30. Further, by using the electrochromic film 30, the liquid crystal display device can be in harmony with the interior.
- the electrochromic film 30 develops a dark blue color when colored. For this reason, the electrochromic film 30 can be used for a color design other than the dark milky white color described in the first embodiment. That is, since the reflective polarizing film 10b is not on the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the electrochromic film 30, the surface 30a is dark. On the other hand, when the reflective polarizing film 10b is on the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the electrochromic film 30, the surface 30a becomes a bright color.
- the electrochromic material 34 is not limited to tungsten oxide (WO 3 ).
- heptyl viologen which is an example of a viologen-based compound, becomes reddish purple in the reduced state and transparent in the oxidized state.
- Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is colored by applying a voltage. However, if an electrochromic material that becomes transparent when a voltage is applied is used, it is not necessary to apply a voltage when the video display device 200 is not used.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 can change the color at the time of coloring by changing the electrochromic material 34.
- the transparent electrode 31a, the electrochromic material 34, the electrolyte 33, and the transparent electrode 31b are formed in multiple layers between the protective film 32a and the protective film 32b. Thereby, it becomes possible to mix arbitrary colors.
- ⁇ It is possible to increase the degree of freedom of interior design by mixing any color.
- the electrochromic material that becomes transparent when a voltage is applied include iridium oxide and Prussian blue. Iridium oxide is transparent in the reduced state and dark blue in the oxidized state. Prussian blue is transparent in the reduced state and blue in the oxidized state.
- the electrolyte 33 is a solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 33 is determined depending on the compatibility with the electrochromic material or the application. Therefore, the electrolyte 33 is not limited to a solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 33 can be a liquid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte in order to increase responsiveness.
- the light control unit 4a becomes transparent after the liquid crystal cell unit 3 displays an image. And an image
- the light control unit 4 is colored.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 has an appearance in harmony with the interior. If the backlight unit 2 emits light before the video signal is displayed on the liquid crystal cell unit 3, the internal structure of the liquid crystal display device 200 can be seen from the outside (+ Z direction). Since the light control unit 4 is colored, there is no problem that the structure inside the liquid crystal display device 200 can be seen from the outside (+ Z direction). The liquid crystal display device 200 can be harmonized with the interior without being excessively asserted when not in use.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device 200a.
- the liquid crystal display device 200a shown in FIG. 7 is different from the liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG. 6 in that it has a reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the dimmer 4a uses only the electrochromic film 30 as a means for shielding light.
- the electrochromic substance 33 includes a material having high transparency so that the degree of coloring is not sufficient even when coloring and the back side (the ⁇ Z-axis direction side) can be seen through. That is, this is a case where the function of reflecting the light of the electrochromic film 30 is low.
- the liquid crystal display device 200a shown in FIG. 7 includes the reflective polarizing film 10b described in the first embodiment between the liquid crystal cell unit 3 and the electrochromic film 30. That is, the reflective polarizing film 10 b is located on the + Z side from the liquid crystal cell unit 3. The reflective polarizing film 10b is located on the ⁇ Z side with respect to the electrochromic film 30. With this configuration, the liquid crystal display device 200a when not in use can be in harmony with the interior without excessively asserting its presence.
- the same effect can be obtained with a configuration in which the reflective polarizing film 10b is disposed on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction) from the glass plate 12b instead of the polarizing plate 11b in the liquid crystal cell unit 3. It is done.
- the light control member 30 of the liquid crystal display devices 200 and 200a uses an electrochromic substance.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a cross section of the liquid crystal display device 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 includes a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4a.
- the description of the same components as those in the configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the first embodiment is omitted, and only different points will be mainly described.
- Components similar to those of the first embodiment are a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, and a liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the surface corresponding to the surface 17a of the first embodiment is the surface 30a in the third embodiment.
- the “surface” is a direction in which an image is displayed and is an outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device. That is, it is the surface on the most + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal display device.
- “Front side” means “front side”. Further, description will be made using the same XYZ coordinates as in the first embodiment.
- the housing 1 includes a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4a.
- the backlight unit 2 is located inside the housing 1 and is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side).
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) from the backlight unit 2.
- the light control part 4a is located on the surface 30a side (+ Z-axis direction side) from the liquid crystal cell part 3. That is, the backlight unit 2, the liquid crystal cell unit 3, and the light control unit 4a are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the front surface 30a side (+ Z axis direction side).
- the structure and function of the backlight unit 2 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the structure and function of the liquid crystal cell unit 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, these descriptions are omitted.
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is incident on the light control unit 4a.
- the light control part 4a has the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 as a light control film.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 includes cholesteric liquid crystal.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal is a liquid crystal in which each layer of molecules arranged in layers has a regular twisted structure.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal is obtained by adding an additive called a chiral agent to a nematic liquid crystal that is arranged in parallel without having a layer structure, thereby providing optical rotation.
- Optical rotation refers to the property that an optical rotatory substance rotates the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through it.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal is an optical rotatory substance.
- Cholesteric liquid crystals are also called chiral nematic liquid crystals.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 includes a protective film 42a, a transparent electrode 41a, a cholesteric liquid crystal 43, a transparent electrode 41b, and a protective film 42b.
- the protective film 42 a is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z-axis direction side) of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40.
- the transparent electrode 41a is located on the surface 40a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the protective film 42a.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal 43 is located on the surface 40a side (+ Z axis direction side) with respect to the transparent electrode 41a.
- the transparent electrode 41b is located closer to the surface 40a (+ Z-axis direction side) than the cholesteric liquid crystal 43.
- the protective film 42b is located on the surface 40a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the transparent electrode 41b.
- the protective film 42a, the transparent electrode 41a, the cholesteric liquid crystal 43, the transparent electrode 41b, and the protective film 42b are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the front surface 40a side (+ Z axis direction side). .
- the control unit 44 changes the voltage application state to the transparent electrodes 41a and 41b of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40.
- the control unit 44 includes a power supply V and a switch S.
- the switch S connected to the power source V is cut off.
- One end of the power supply V is connected to the transparent conductive film 41a.
- the other end of the power supply V is connected to one end of the switch S.
- the other end of the switch S is connected to the transparent conductive film 41b.
- the power source V is turned on and off by the switch S.
- the power supply V has a function of continuously changing the voltage.
- the transparent electrodes 41a and 41b are made of a transparent material like glass. Therefore, the transparent electrodes 41a and 41b pass light from the light source.
- the transparent electrodes 41a and 41b include a case where the transparent electrodes 41a and 41b themselves are not transparent.
- the case where the transparent electrode is not transparent refers to a case where the width of the electrode is so thin that it cannot be seen by a viewer viewing the liquid crystal display device 300.
- the protective films 42a and 42b are for the purpose of electrically protecting the interior of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40.
- the protective films 42a and 42b are for the purpose of physically protecting the inside of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40.
- the protective films 42a and 42b are made of a transparent and insulating resin.
- the protective films 42a and 42b have a role of protecting against external pressure or preventing moisture from entering.
- the operation of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 will be described.
- the state where the light emitted from the backlight unit 2 is not irradiated on the liquid crystal cell 3 is a state where the power source of the backlight unit 2 is switched off.
- the control unit 44 applies a voltage so that the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 reflects light. That is, when the backlight unit 2 is turned off, the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 reflects light.
- a state in which the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 reflects light is called a planar state.
- control unit 44 applies a voltage so that the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the direction on the XY plane.
- the liquid crystal molecules are sequentially rotated in the Z-axis direction in the direction on the XY plane to form a spiral structure.
- the spiral axis of this spiral structure is perpendicular to the XY plane.
- cholesteric liquid crystals have memory characteristics. Therefore, even if the voltage is not continuously applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the state can be maintained. That is, the time for applying the voltage to the liquid crystal molecules may be short. In order to maintain a planar state that reflects light, it is not necessary to continue to supply power.
- the state in which the light of the backlight unit 2 is irradiated on the liquid crystal cell 3 is a state in which the power source of the backlight unit 2 is switched on.
- the control unit 44 applies a voltage for a moment so that the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 transmits light. That is, when the backlight unit 2 is lit, the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is in a state of transmitting light.
- the state in which the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 transmits light is called a focal conic state.
- control unit 44 applies a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules for a moment so that the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the Z-axis direction.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the voltage applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 and the reflectance of the liquid crystal.
- the horizontal axis represents voltage [V]
- the vertical axis represents reflectance [%].
- voltages V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 are shown.
- Voltage, the voltages V 1 is the smallest value.
- Voltage, the voltage V 4 is the largest value.
- the voltage increases in the order of voltage V 1 , voltage V 2 , voltage V 3, and voltage V 4 .
- the reflectances R 1 and R 2 are shown. Reflectance R 2 is higher than the reflectivity R 1. That is, the state of reflectance R 1 transmits more light than the state of reflectance R 2 .
- State of reflectance R 1 is a focal conic state.
- State of the reflectance R 2 is the planar state.
- Cholesteric liquid crystal has memory characteristics. For this reason, in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a planar state, a focal conic state, or an intermediate state thereof.
- the planar state is a state in which light is reflected.
- the focal conic state is a state where light is transmitted.
- the liquid crystal state does not change. In this state, the reflectance of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40, the reflectance R 2.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is in a planar state.
- the liquid crystal was planar state is changed to an intermediate state between the planar state and the focal Col Nick state.
- the reflectance of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is a value between the reflectance R 2 and the reflectance R 1 .
- the liquid crystal becomes the focal Col Nick state. In this state, the reflectance of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40, the reflectance R 1.
- the liquid crystal was focal Col Nick state is changed to an intermediate state between the focal Col Nick state and the planar state.
- the reflectance of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is a value between the reflectance R 1 and the reflectance R 2 .
- the liquid crystal when dropping suddenly voltage after the voltage applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 exceeds V 4 to 0, the liquid crystal is the planar state. In this state, the reflectance of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40, the reflectance R 2.
- the color of the reflected light when the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is in the planar state is determined by the average refractive index of the liquid crystal layer and the helical pitch of the twisted structure.
- the average refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is determined by the liquid crystal material and the chiral agent.
- the helical pitch can be adjusted by the content of the chiral agent.
- the voltage is adjusted to create an intermediate state between the planar state and the focal conic state. By creating this intermediate state, the reflection intensity of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 can be changed. That is, the density of the reflected color can be changed.
- the voltage for changing the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 to a transparent focal conic state is preferably applied with a delay of about 10 to tens of seconds after the video signal is input to the liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- a voltage to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 for a moment the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 changes to transparent.
- the backlight unit 2 starts to turn on, light passes through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 on which an image is displayed, and enters the light control unit 4, and then the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is changed to be transparent.
- the state in which the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 changes to transparent indicates a state in which the liquid crystal is in a focal cornic state. That is, when the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is in a transparent state, a decrease in luminance at the light control unit 4 can be minimized. Therefore, when the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is transparent, an image can be displayed on the liquid crystal display device 300 as usual.
- the control unit 44 applies a voltage at which the liquid crystal transitions to the planar state to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 for a moment at the same time as the input of the video signal.
- the control unit 44 applies a voltage at which the liquid crystal transitions to an intermediate state between the planar state and the focal cornic state to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 for a moment. Therefore, the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is in a colored state at the same time as the irradiation of light to the light control unit 4a is completed.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 has a light control function similar to that of the light control film 17 described in the first embodiment.
- the “light control function” is a function of transmitting or diffusing light.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 also has a function of reflecting the light of the reflective polarizing film 10b. For these reasons, when a large-screen liquid crystal display device is arranged in a room, the presence of the liquid crystal display device when not in use can be reduced by using the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40. Further, by using the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40, the liquid crystal display device can be in harmony with the interior.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 can arbitrarily make a color when reflecting light in a planar state by adjusting the average refractive index and the helical pitch of the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 300 can set a color design other than the dark milky white described in the first embodiment.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 has memory characteristics. For this reason, in order to maintain the focal cornic state which permeate
- the liquid crystal display device 300 using the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is excellent in terms of energy saving.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 can change the color at the time of coloring by changing the composition of the cholesteric liquid crystal 43.
- the transparent electrode 41a, the cholesteric liquid crystal 43, and the transparent electrode 41b are layered between the protective film 42a and the protective film 42b. Thereby, the liquid crystal display device 300 can mix arbitrary colors.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 can increase the degree of freedom of interior design by combining arbitrary colors.
- the dimming unit 4a becomes transparent after an image is displayed on the liquid crystal cell unit 3. Thereby, an image can be viewed through the light control unit 4a without viewing the internal structure of the liquid crystal display device 300 from the outside (+ Z direction).
- the light control unit 4 is colored.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 has an appearance in harmony with the interior.
- the internal structure of the liquid crystal display device 300 is visible from the outside (+ Z direction). Since the light control unit 4 is colored, there is no problem that the structure inside the liquid crystal display device 300 is visible from the outside (+ Z direction).
- the liquid crystal display device 300 can be harmonized with the interior without being excessively asserted when not in use.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device 300a.
- the liquid crystal display device 300a shown in FIG. 11 is different from the liquid crystal display device 300 shown in FIG. 8 in that it has a reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the dimmer 4a uses only the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 as a means for shielding light.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal 43 includes a material having high transparency so that the reflectance is not sufficiently high even in the planar state, and the back side (the ⁇ Z-axis direction side) can be seen through.
- the fact that the reflectance is not high enough means that the degree of coloring is not sufficient. That is, this is a case where the light reflecting function of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40 is low.
- the liquid crystal display device 300a shown in FIG. 11 has the reflective polarizing film 10b described in the first embodiment between the liquid crystal cell unit 3 and the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40. That is, the reflective polarizing film 10 b is located on the + Z side from the liquid crystal cell unit 3. The reflective polarizing film 10 b is located on the ⁇ Z side with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal film 40. With this configuration, the liquid crystal display device 300a when not in use can be in harmony with the interior without excessively asserting its presence.
- the light control member 40 of the liquid crystal display devices 300 and 300a uses cholesteric liquid crystal.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a cross section of the liquid crystal display device 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 400 includes a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4b.
- the description of the same components as those in the configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the first embodiment will be omitted, and only different points will be mainly described.
- Components similar to those of the first embodiment are a housing 1, a backlight unit 2, and a liquid crystal cell unit 3.
- the surface corresponding to the surface 17a of the first embodiment is the surface 17a in the fourth embodiment.
- the “surface” is a direction in which an image is displayed and is an outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device. That is, it is the surface on the most + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal display device.
- “Front side” means “front side”. Further, description will be made using the same XYZ coordinates as in the first embodiment.
- the housing 1 includes a backlight unit 2, a liquid crystal cell unit 3, and a light control unit 4b.
- the backlight unit 2 is located inside the housing 1 and is located on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side).
- the liquid crystal cell unit 3 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction side) with respect to the backlight unit 2.
- the light control part 4a is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction side) from the liquid crystal cell part 3. That is, the backlight unit 2, the liquid crystal cell unit 3, and the light control unit 4b are arranged in this order from the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction side) to the surface 17a side (+ Z axis direction side).
- the structure and function of the backlight unit 2 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the structure and function of the liquid crystal cell unit 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, these descriptions are omitted.
- the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell unit 3 enters the light control unit 4b.
- the light control unit 4 b includes a reflective polarizing film 10 b, a liquid crystal shutter unit 24, and a light control film 17.
- the reflective polarizing film 10b is disposed on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the liquid crystal shutter portion 24 is disposed on the back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) of the light control film 17. That is, the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 is disposed between the reflective polarizing film 10 b and the light control film 17.
- FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 includes a polarizing plate 11, glass plates 12 a and 12 b, transparent electrodes 13 a and 13 b, alignment films 16 a and 16 b, and a liquid crystal layer 14.
- a liquid crystal shutter control unit 45 is connected to the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the glass plate 12a is located on the most back side ( ⁇ Z axis direction) in the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the transparent electrode 13a is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the glass plate 12a.
- the alignment film 16a is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) with respect to the bright electrode 13a.
- the liquid crystal layer 140 is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) with respect to the alignment film 16a.
- the alignment film 16b is located on the surface 17a side (+ Z-axis direction) from the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the transparent electrode 13b is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the alignment film 16b.
- the glass plate 12b is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the transparent electrode 13b.
- the polarizing plate 11 is located closer to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) than the glass plate 12b.
- the polarizing plate 11 is located closest to the surface 17a (+ Z axis direction) in the liquid crystal shutter portion 24. That is, the glass plate 12a, the transparent electrode 13a, the alignment film 16a, the liquid crystal layer 140, the alignment film 16b, the transparent electrode 13b, the glass plate 12b, and the polarizing plate 11 are arranged in this order from the ⁇ Z direction to the + Z direction. .
- the alignment film 16 is a film with grooves.
- the alignment film 16a and the alignment film 16b will be collectively described as the alignment film 16.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 change the way along the grooves.
- the liquid crystal layer 140 is sandwiched between the alignment film 16a and the alignment film 16b.
- the direction of the grooves of the alignment film 16a and the direction of the grooves of the alignment film 16b differ by 90 degrees on the XY plane. Then, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are twisted by 90 degrees on the XY plane.
- the glass plates 12a and 12b include a case of a transparent resin material.
- the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b are made of a transparent material like glass. Therefore, the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b pass light from the light source 5.
- the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b include cases where the wire electrodes are not transparent, for example, because the width of the wire electrode is so thin that it cannot be seen by a viewer viewing the liquid crystal display device 400.
- the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11 is the same as the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b. Specifically, when the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b is polarized in the X axis direction (vertically polarized light), the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11 is also polarized in the X axis direction (vertically polarized light).
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11 will be described as vertically polarized light.
- the light emitted from the liquid crystal cell unit 3 passes through the reflective polarizing film 10b and enters the liquid crystal shutter 24.
- the light that enters the liquid crystal shutter 24 travels along the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 140.
- liquid crystal layer 140 is a TN type (twisted nematic mode) liquid crystal
- TN type liquid crystal liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is twisted by 90 degrees in a state where no voltage is applied.
- the transparent electrodes 13 a and 13 b are connected to the liquid crystal shutter control unit 45.
- FIG. 13 shows a case where no voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 13a and the transparent electrode 13b.
- the control unit 45 includes a power supply V and a switch S.
- the switch S connected to the power source V is cut off.
- One end of the power supply V is connected to the transparent electrode 13a.
- the other end of the power supply V is connected to one end of the switch S.
- the other end of the switch S is connected to the transparent electrode 13b.
- the liquid-crystal shutter control part 45 can change the application state of the voltage with respect to transparent electrode 13a, 13b. That is, in FIG. 13, the power source V is turned on and off by the switch S. However, the power supply V has a function of continuously changing the voltage.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are in a state where the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is twisted 90 degrees on the XY plane.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is the X-axis direction on the ⁇ Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 and the Y-axis direction on the + Z-axis direction side of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is rotated 90 degrees from the vertical direction (X-axis direction) to the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) as it proceeds from the ⁇ Z direction to the + Z direction.
- liquid crystal shutter unit 24 that is, light incident on the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 from the reflective polarizing film 10b is vertically polarized light, but the liquid crystal orientation on the ⁇ Z side of the liquid crystal layer 140 is in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). For this reason, light cannot enter the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the twist between the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 and the light can be removed. That is, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are not in a state of being rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 face the Z-axis direction. For this reason, the light irradiated from the reflective polarizing film 10 b can enter the liquid crystal layer 140. Further, the light traveling along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 140 does not rotate in the polarization direction by 90 degrees even when traveling through the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the polarizing plate 11 has the same polarization direction (vertical polarization) as that of the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the polarization direction (vertical polarization) is aligned. Even if the light travels through the liquid crystal layer 140, the polarization direction does not rotate, and thus the light can pass through the polarizing plate 11. That is, since the polarization direction of the light traveling in the liquid crystal layer 140 is vertical polarization, it can pass through the polarizing plate 11 (vertical polarization).
- a VA liquid crystal, a TN liquid crystal, an IPS liquid crystal, an OCB liquid crystal, or the like may be used for the liquid crystal layer 140 illustrated in FIG.
- the relationship between the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11 and the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing plate 10b is determined by the type of liquid crystal used. Only when a voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b, the light traveling from the reflective polarizing film 10b to the liquid crystal layer 140 is allowed to pass through the polarizing plate 11.
- the polarizing plate 11 when a voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b and the polarization direction of light rotates on the XY plane in the liquid crystal layer 140, the polarizing plate 11 is applied to the reflective polarizing film 10b. On the other hand, the polarization direction is arranged to rotate on the XY plane. On the other hand, when the polarization direction of light does not change in the liquid crystal layer 140 when a voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b, the polarizing plate 11 is arranged with the polarization direction aligned with respect to the reflective polarizing film 10b.
- the method of the light control film 17 is a liquid crystal capsule method, an electrochromic method, a cholesteric liquid crystal method, etc., as shown in Embodiments 1 to 3. However, here, a liquid crystal capsule method will be described as an example.
- the light control film 17 transmits light only when a voltage is applied between the transparent conductive film 20a and the transparent conductive film 20b. For this reason, the light control film 17 can permeate
- the application of voltage to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b is performed separately from the application of voltage to the transparent conductive films 20a and 20b.
- a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 and the light control film 17.
- the liquid crystal display device 400 can display an image as usual.
- transmitted the light control film 17 is irradiated to the reflective polarizing film 10b as it is. Since the external light 22 is non-polarized light, 50% of the external light 22 irradiated on the reflective polarizing film 10b is reflected from the characteristics of the reflective polarizing film 10b. The reflection of the external light 22 may reduce the contrast of the image.
- the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 is disposed between the light control film 17 and the reflective polarizing film 10b. For this reason, the external light 22 that has passed through the light control film 17 is applied to the polarizing plate 11 of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the polarizing plate 11 transmits only light of a predetermined polarization direction (vertically polarized light) out of the irradiated external light 22.
- the polarizing plate 11 absorbs light (horizontal polarized light) other than the predetermined polarization direction. That is, the polarizing plate 11 absorbs 50% of the irradiated external light 22.
- the polarizing plate 11 transmits the remaining 50% of light (vertically polarized light).
- the light transmitted through the polarizing plate 11 (vertically polarized light) passes through the glass plate 12 b and reaches the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the liquid crystal layer 140 When the liquid crystal layer 140 is a TN type and a voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 13a and the transparent electrode 13b, there is a twist relationship between the polarization direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 and the polarization direction of light. Disappear. That is, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are not in a state of being rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane. For this reason, the light traveling along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 140 does not rotate 90 degrees on the XY plane in the polarization direction (vertically polarized light) even though traveling in the liquid crystal layer 140. For this reason, the light passes through the reflective polarizing film 10b (vertically polarized light) as it is.
- the polarization direction of the reflective polarizing film 10b is the same as the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11 (vertical polarization). That is, the external light 22 is not reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10b. For this reason, the liquid crystal display device 400 can suppress a decrease in contrast when an image is displayed.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule 18 are randomly oriented. That is, the direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule 18 is not determined. Therefore, due to the difference in refractive index between the polymer film 19 and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule 18, most of the external light 22 can not travel straight but is scattered. Further, due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule 18, most of the external light 22 can not travel straight but is scattered. “Birefringence” refers to the property of having a different refractive index depending on the direction of incident light. A part of the external light 22 passes through the light control film 17.
- the light transmitted through the light control film 17 travels in the ⁇ Z-axis direction and is applied to the polarizing plate 11 of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the polarizing plate 11 transmits only light of a predetermined polarization direction (vertical polarization) in the irradiated external light 22.
- the polarizing plate 11 absorbs light in a polarization direction (horizontal polarization) other than the predetermined polarization direction.
- the non-polarized outside light 22 remains unpolarized even if it passes through the light control film 17.
- 50% of the external light 22 irradiated to the polarizing plate 11 is absorbed (horizontal polarized light).
- the remaining 50% of external light 22 (vertically polarized light) passes through the polarizing plate 11 and reaches the glass plate 12b.
- the external light 22 transmitted through the glass plate 12 b reaches the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the image is not displayed on the image display device 400.
- no voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13 a and 13 b of the liquid crystal shutter unit 24.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are in the same direction with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 11. That is, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is rotated 90 degrees on the XY plane from the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) to the vertical direction (X-axis direction) toward the ⁇ Z-axis direction.
- External light 22 travels in the ⁇ Z-axis direction along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 140.
- the polarization direction of the external light 22 rotates 90 degrees as the external light 22 travels through the liquid crystal layer 140. For this reason, the external light 22 that has traveled along the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 140 cannot be transmitted through the reflective polarizing film 10b and is totally reflected.
- the external light 22 reflected by the reflective polarizing film 10b travels again through the liquid crystal layer 140 in the + Z-axis direction.
- the polarization direction of the external light 22 is again rotated by 90 degrees on the XY plane.
- the reflected light (external light 22) traveling along the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 140 can pass through the polarizing plate 11.
- the external light 22 enters the light control film 17.
- the light control film 17 looks bright milky white.
- the image display apparatus 400 can display an image while suppressing a decrease in contrast.
- the liquid crystal display device 400 includes the liquid crystal cell member 3, the light control member 17, the reflective polarizing member 10 b, and the control unit 23.
- the liquid crystal display device 400 further includes a liquid crystal shutter unit 24 and a liquid crystal shutter control unit 45.
- the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 is disposed between the reflective polarizing member 10 b and the light control member 17.
- the liquid crystal shutter control unit 45 changes the voltage state of the third voltage applied to the liquid crystal shutter unit.
- the liquid crystal shutter unit 24 includes the polarizing layer 11 and the second liquid crystal layer 140.
- the polarizing layer 11 transmits specific polarized light and absorbs other polarized light.
- the second liquid crystal layer 140 changes the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules by the third voltage applied.
- the polarizing layer is described as the polarizing plate 11.
- the polarizing plate 11 is not necessarily a plate.
- the polarizing plate 11 may be a film, for example.
- the “video display” includes the display of a dark video, considering that the video is dark.
- the backlight is turned off due to the video to be displayed due to control such as local dimming.
- Lighting of the backlight includes the light-off state. That is, when the backlight is turned off due to the video to be displayed, the backlight is turned on.
- Local dimming is a function that automatically controls the brightness of the backlight partially in accordance with the video, and improves the contrast ratio of the video while suppressing power consumption.
- liquid crystal shutter control unit 100,200,200a, 300,400 crystal display device, S switch, V Power, V1, V2, V3, V4 voltage, R1, R2 reflectance.
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Abstract
Description
以下、図の説明を容易にするためにXYZ座標を用いて説明する。液晶表示装置の表示面は、例えば矩形形状をしている。表示面の短辺方向をX軸方向とし、長辺方向をY軸方向とし、X-Y平面に垂直な方向をZ軸方向とする。液晶表示装置100の表示面側を+Z軸方向とする。また、液晶表示装置の上方向を+X軸方向とする。液晶表示装置100の表示面を見て右側を+Y軸方向とする。「表示面を見て」とは、液晶表示装置の表示面に対して対向して表示面を見ることである。また、以下において、液晶表示装置の表示面を単に「表示面」という。+Z軸方向を「前面」とよぶ。-Z軸方向を「背面」とよぶ。
図5は、本発明に係る実施の形態2の液晶表示装置200の断面を模式的に示した構成図である。液晶表示装置200は筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3及び調光部4aを有する。上述の実施の形態1の液晶表示装置100の構成図と同様の構成要素については説明を省略し、主として異なる点についてのみ説明する。実施の形態1と同様の構成要素は、筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3である。また、実施の形態1の表面17aに相当する面は、実施の形態2では、表面30aである。「表面」とは、映像の表示される方向で、液晶表示装置の最も外側の面である。つまり、液晶表示装置の最も+Z軸方向側の面である。「表面側」とは、「前面側」という意味である。また、実施の形態1と同様のXYZ座標を用いて説明する。
図8は、本発明に係る実施の形態3の液晶表示装置300の断面を模式的に示した構成図である。液晶表示装置300は筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3及び調光部4aを有する。上述の実施の形態1の液晶表示装置100の構成図と同様の構成要素については説明を省略し、主として異なる点についてのみ説明する。実施の形態1と同様の構成要素は、筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3である。
図12は、本発明に係る実施の形態4の液晶表示装置400の断面を模式的に示した構成図である。液晶表示装置400は筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3及び調光部4bを有する。上述の実施の形態1の液晶表示装置100の構成図と同様の構成要素については説明を省略し、主として異なる点についてのみ説明する。実施の形態1と同様の構成要素は、筐体1、バックライト部2、液晶セル部3である。また、実施の形態1の表面17aに相当する面は、実施の形態4では、表面17aである。「表面」とは、映像の表示される方向で、液晶表示装置の最も外側の面である。つまり、液晶表示装置の最も+Z軸方向側の面である。「表面側」とは、「前面側」という意味である。また、実施の形態1と同様のXYZ座標を用いて説明する。
Claims (7)
- 印加される第1の電圧により液晶分子の配向を変化させる第1の液晶層を有する液晶セル部材と、
前記液晶セル部材の表示面側に配置され、第2の電圧の印加状態で光の透過率が変化する調光部材と、
前記調光部材と前記第1の液晶層との間に配置され、特定の偏光光を透過して、他の偏光光を反射する反射型偏光部材と、
前記第2の電圧の印加状態を変化させる制御部と
を備え、
前記第1の液晶層から前記反射型偏光部材に入射する光の偏光方向は、前記反射型偏光部材が透過する光の偏光方向と同じであり、
前記制御部は、バックライト部が点灯している場合の前記調光部材の透過率が、バックライト部が消灯している場合の前記調光部材の透過率より高くなるように前記第2の電圧の印加状態を変化させる液晶表示装置。 - 前記第1の液晶層と前記反射型偏光部材との間に、特定の偏光光を透過して、他の偏光光を吸収する偏光部材をさらに備え、
前記反射型偏光部材の偏光方向は、前記偏光部材の偏光方向と同じである請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記調光部材は、液晶がカプセル状に入ったポリマーフィルムを、複数の透明導電膜が挟み込んだ構造の液晶カプセル方式である請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記調光部材は、エレクトロクロミック物質を使用した請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記調光部材は、コレステリック液晶を使用した請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記反射型偏光部材と前記調光部材との間に配置される液晶シャッター部と
前記液晶シャッター部に印加される第3の電圧の電圧状態を変化させる液晶シャッター制御部とをさらに備え、
前記液晶シャッター部は、偏光層及び第2の液晶層を有し、
前記偏光層は、特定の偏光光を透過して、他の偏光光を吸収し、
前記第2の液晶層は、印加される第3の電圧により液晶分子の配向を変化させ、
前記バックライト部が点灯している場合には、前記液晶シャッター部は光を透過し、前記反射型偏光部材は光を透過し、
前記バックライト部が消灯している場合には、前記液晶シャッター部は光を遮光し、前記反射型偏光部材は光を反射する請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記液晶セル部材に映像を表示した後に前記調光部材の透過率を高め、前記液晶セル部材に映像を表示するのを止めると同時に前記調光部材の透過率が低くなるように前記第2の電圧の印加状態を変化させる請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
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